1
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Williams CMD, Noll JE, Bradey AL, Duggan J, Wilczek VJ, Masavuli MG, Grubor‐Bauk B, Panagopoulos RA, Hewett DR, Mrozik KM, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K, Panagopoulos V. Myeloperoxidase creates a permissive microenvironmental niche for the progression of multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:614-624. [PMID: 37699574 PMCID: PMC10952523 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key inflammatory enzyme restricted to myeloid cells, is negatively associated with the development of solid tumours. Activated myeloid cell populations are increased in multiple myeloma (MM); however, the functional consequences of myeloid-derived MPO within the myeloma microenvironment are unknown. Here, the role of MPO in MM pathogenesis was investigated, and the capacity for pharmacological inhibition of MPO to impede MM progression was evaluated. In the 5TGM1-KaLwRij mouse model of myeloma, the early stages of tumour development were associated with an increase in CD11b+ myeloid cell populations and an increase in Mpo expression within the bone marrow (BM). Interestingly, MM tumour cell homing was increased towards sites of elevated myeloid cell numbers and MPO activity within the BM. Mechanistically, MPO induced the expression of key MM growth factors, resulting in tumour cell proliferation and suppressed cytotoxic T-cell activity. Notably, tumour growth studies in mice treated with a small-molecule irreversible inhibitor of MPO (4-ABAH) demonstrated a significant reduction in overall MM tumour burden. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MPO contributes to MM tumour growth, and that MPO-specific inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy to limit MM disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M. D. Williams
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Jacqueline E. Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Alanah L. Bradey
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Jvaughn Duggan
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Vicki J. Wilczek
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Makutiro G. Masavuli
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health ResearchUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Branka Grubor‐Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health ResearchUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Romana A. Panagopoulos
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health ResearchUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Duncan R. Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Krzysztof M. Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrew C. W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
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2
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Archer M, Bernhardt SM, Hodson LJ, Woolford L, Van der Hoek M, Dasari P, Evdokiou A, Ingman WV. CCL2-Mediated Stromal Interactions Drive Macrophage Polarization to Increase Breast Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087385. [PMID: 37108548 PMCID: PMC10138606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL2 is an inflammatory cytokine that regulates macrophage activity and is implicated in increased mammographic density and early breast tumorigenesis. The role of CCL2 in mediating stromal interactions that contribute to breast tumorigenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. THP-1-derived macrophages and mammary fibroblasts were co-cultured for 72 h. Fibroblasts and macrophages were analysed for phenotype, expression of inflammatory and ECM-regulatory genes and collagen production. Mice overexpressing CCL2 in the mammary glands were analysed for global gene expression by RNAseq at 12 weeks of age. These mice were cross-bred with PyMT mammary tumour mice to examine the role of CCL2 in tumorigenesis. The co-culture of macrophages with fibroblasts resulted in macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype, and upregulated expression of CCL2 and other genes associated with inflammation and ECM remodelling. CCL2 increased the production of insoluble collagen by fibroblasts. A global gene expression analysis of CCL2 overexpressing mice revealed that CCL2 upregulates cancer-associated gene pathways and downregulates fatty acid metabolism gene pathways. In the PyMT mammary tumour model, CCL2 overexpressing mice exhibited increased macrophage infiltration and early tumorigenesis. Interactions between macrophages and fibroblasts regulated by CCL2 can promote an environment that may increase breast cancer risk, leading to enhanced early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Archer
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Leigh J Hodson
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Mark Van der Hoek
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Pallave Dasari
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
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3
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Visualizing γδ T cells by very late antigen-4-targeted positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4156-4170. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Nezhad Shamohammadi F, Yazdanifar M, Oraei M, Kazemi MH, Roohi A, Mahya Shariat Razavi S, Rezaei F, Parvizpour F, Karamlou Y, Namdari H. Controversial role of γδ T cells in pancreatic cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108895. [PMID: 35729831 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are rare lymphocytes with cogent impact on immune responses. These cells are one of the earliest cells to be recruited in the sites of infection or tumors and play a critical role in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses. The anti-tumor activity of γδ T cells have been numerously reported; nonetheless, there is controversy among published studies regarding their anti-tumor vs pro-tumor effect- especially in pancreatic cancer. A myriad of studies has confirmed that activated γδ T cells can potently lyse a broad variety of solid tumors and leukemia/lymphoma cells and produce an array of cytokines; however, early γδ T cell-based clinical trials did not lead to optimal efficacy, despite acceptable safety. Depending on the local micromilieu, γδ T cells can differentiate into tumor promoting or suppressing cells such as Th1-, Th2-, or Th17-like cells and produce prototypical cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-4/-10, IL-9, or IL-17. In an abstruse tumor such as pancreatic cancer- also known as immunologically cold tumor- γδ T cells are more likely to switch to their immunosuppressive phenotype. In this review we will adduce the accumulated knowledge on these two controversial aspects of γδ T cells in cancers- with a focus on solid tumors and pancreatic cancer. In addition, we propose strategies for enhancing the anti-tumor function of γδ T cells in cancers and discuss the potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mona Oraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Roohi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Parvizpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Karamlou
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haideh Namdari
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Zhang X, Ng YY, Du Z, Li Z, Chen C, Xiao L, Chng WJ, Wang S. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expressing a BCMA—Specific chimeric antigen receptor inhibit multiple myeloma xenograft growth. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267475. [PMID: 35709135 PMCID: PMC9202950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are immune effector cells capable of killing multiple myeloma (MM) cells and have been tested in clinical trials to treat MM patients. To enhance the MM cell killing function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, we introduced a BCMA-specific CAR into ex vivo expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells through electroporation of the CAR-encoding mRNA. The modified Vγ9Vδ2 T cells displayed a high cytolytic activity against BCMA-expressing MM cell lines in vitro, while sparing BCMA-negative cells, including normal B cells and monocytes. Subsequently, we intravenously injected KMS-11 human MM cells to generate a xenograft mouse model. The treatment of the tumor-bearing mice with Zometa and anti-BCMA CAR- Vγ9Vδ2 T cells resulted in a significant reduction of tumor burden in the femur region, as well as the overall tumor burden. In association with the decrease in tumor burden, the survival of the MM cell-inoculated mice was markedly prolonged. Considering the potential of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to be used as off-the-shelf products, the modification of these cells with a BCMA-specific CAR could be an attractive option for cancer immunotherapy against bone marrow cancer MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Yang Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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6
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Song Y, Liu Y, Teo HY, Liu H. Targeting Cytokine Signals to Enhance γδT Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914839. [PMID: 35747139 PMCID: PMC9210953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells represent a small percentage of T cells in circulation but are found in large numbers in certain organs. They are considered to be innate immune cells that can exert cytotoxic functions on target cells without MHC restriction. Moreover, γδT cells contribute to adaptive immune response via regulating other immune cells. Under the influence of cytokines, γδT cells can be polarized to different subsets in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current understanding of antigen recognition by γδT cells, and the immune regulation mediated by γδT cells in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, we depicted the polarization and plasticity of γδT cells in the presence of different cytokines and their combinations, which provided the basis for γδT cell-based cancer immunotherapy targeting cytokine signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Song
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Liu,
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7
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Li J, Sun L, Chen Y, Zhu J, Shen J, Wang J, Gu Y, Zhang G, Wang M, Shi T, Chen W. Gastric cancer-derived exosomal miR-135b-5p impairs the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by targeting specificity protein 1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:311-325. [PMID: 34159436 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes participate in the communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment and mediate malignant biological behaviors including immune escape. In this study, we found that gastric cancer (GC) cell-derived exosomes could be effectively uptaken by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, decrease the cell viability of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, induce apoptosis, and reduce the production of cytotoxic cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exosomal miR-135b-5p was delivered into Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Exosomal miR-135b-5p impaired the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by targeting specificity protein 1 (SP1). More importantly, blocking the SP1 function by Plicamycin, an SP1 inhibitor, abolished the effect of stable miR-135b-5p knockdown GC cell-derived exosomes on Vγ9Vδ2 T cell function. Collectively, our results suggest that GC cell-derived exosomes impair the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells via miR-135b-5p/SP1 pathway, and targeting exosomal miR-135b-5p/SP1 axis may improve the efficiency of GC immunotherapy based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Linqing Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Center, 355 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Province, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215100, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Province, 50 Donghuan Road, Suzhou, 215100, China.
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8
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Antigen receptor therapy in bone metastasis via optimal control for different human life stages. J Math Biol 2021; 83:44. [PMID: 34596800 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work we propose a bone metastasis model using power law growth functions in order to describe the biochemical interactions between bone cells and cancer cells. Experimental studies indicate that bone remodeling cycles are different for human life stages: childhood, young adulthood, and adulthood. In order to include such differences in our study, we estimate the model parameter values for each human life stage via bifurcation analysis. Results reveal an intrinsic relationship between the active period of remodeling cycles and the proliferation of cancer cells. Subsequently, using optimal control theory we analyze a possible antigen receptor therapy as a new treatment for bone metastasis. Theoretical results such as existence of optimal solutions are proved. Numerical simulations for late stages of bone metastasis are presented and a discussion of our results is carried out.
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9
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Targeting butyrophilins for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:670-680. [PMID: 34253468 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells form part of the innate immune repertoire and are activated by phosphorylated antigens produced by many bacteria and tumors. They have long been suggested as promising targets for anti-tumor therapies, but clinical trials so far have not shown major successes. Several recent discoveries could help to overcome these shortfalls, such as those leading to an improved understanding of the role of butyrophilin molecules BTN2A1 and BTN3A1, in Vγ9Vδ2+ T cell activation. Moreover, we propose that studies suggesting the presence of live bacteria in a variety of tumors (tumor microbiome), indicate that the latter might be harnessed as a source of high affinity bacterial phosphoantigen to trigger or enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
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10
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Kähkönen TE, Halleen JM, Bernoulli J. Osteoimmuno-Oncology: Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting Immune Cells in Bone Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:1529. [PMID: 34204474 PMCID: PMC8233913 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies provide a potential treatment option for currently incurable bone metastases. Bone marrow is an important secondary lymphoid organ with a unique immune contexture. Even at non-disease state immune cells and bone cells interact with each other, bone cells supporting the development of immune cells and immune cells regulating bone turnover. In cancer, tumor cells interfere with this homeostatic process starting from formation of pre-metastatic niche and later supporting growth of bone metastases. In this review, we introduce a novel concept osteoimmuno-oncology (OIO), which refers to interactions between bone, immune and tumor cells in bone metastatic microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic opportunities of targeting immune cells in bone metastases, and associated efficacy and safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenni Bernoulli
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
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11
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Ma R, Yuan D, Guo Y, Yan R, Li K. Immune Effects of γδ T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1600. [PMID: 33013819 PMCID: PMC7509400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells can effectively recognize and kill colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, thereby suppressing tumor progression via multiple mechanisms. They also have abilities to exert a protumor effect via secreting interleukin-17 (IL-17). γδ T cells have been selected as potential immunocytes for antitumor treatment because of their significant cytotoxic activity. Immunotherapy is another potential anti-CRC strategy after an operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. γδ T cell-based immunotherapy for CRC shows fewer side effects and better toleration. This review will outline the immune functions and the mechanisms of γδ T cells in the growth and progression of CRC in recent years, and summarize the immunotherapies based on γδ T cells, thus providing a direction for future γδ T cells in CRC research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Disease Susceptibility/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Escape/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dawei Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rong Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang C. The Role of Human γδ T Cells in Anti-Tumor Immunity and Their Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051206. [PMID: 32413966 PMCID: PMC7290839 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a distinct subset of T cells whose T cell receptors consist of γ chains and δ chains, different from conventional αβ T cells. γδ T cells are considered as a member of the innate immunity because of their non-MHC restricted antigen recognition, rapid response to invading pathogens and sense early changes of malignant cells. Upon activation, they can further promote the activation of adaptive immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, by secreting various cytokines. Thus, γδ T cells are regarded as a bridge between innate immunity and acquired immunity. γδ T cells are involved in a variety of immune response processes, including immune defense and immune surveillance against infection and tumorigenesis. γδ T cells recognize multiple tumor-associated antigens or molecules in T cell receptors (TCRs)-dependent and natural killer cell receptors (NKRs)-dependent ways. γδ T cells not only display a direct killing capacity on a variety of tumors, but also exert anti-tumor immune responses indirectly by facilitating the function of other immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), B cells and CD8+ T cells. In this review, we summarize the major subpopulations, the tumor recognition mechanisms, and the anti-tumor effects of human γδ T cells, particularly the potential of γδ T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-531-8838-3782
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Mendoza-Reinoso V, McCauley LK, Fournier PG. Contribution of Macrophages and T Cells in Skeletal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 32326073 PMCID: PMC7226332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site for metastases with a local microenvironment that is highly conducive for tumor establishment and growth. The bone marrow is replete with myeloid and lymphoid linage cells that provide a fertile niche for metastatic cancer cells promoting their survival and growth. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages and T cells in pro- and anti-tumoral mechanisms, their interaction to support cancer cell growth, and their contribution to the development of skeletal metastases. Importantly, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages and T cells in cancer are also discussed in this review as they represent a great promise for patients suffering from incurable bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mendoza-Reinoso
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierrick G.J. Fournier
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC 22860, Mexico
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14
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Morrow ES, Roseweir A, Edwards J. The role of gamma delta T lymphocytes in breast cancer: a review. Transl Res 2019; 203:88-96. [PMID: 30194922 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gammadelta T (γδT) lymphocytes have provoked interest in oncology, particularly as regards their potential use in immunotherapy, because of their unique ability to recognise antigens without a requirement for major histocompatibility complex antigen presentation, and to quickly activate an anti-tumour response. However, work in some cancers has suggested that they also have pro-tumourigenic activity. Their role in breast cancer is unclear. This review outlines the evidence to date in in vitro studies, in vivo mouse models and in human studies regarding the role of γδT lymphocytes in breast cancer. We describe the seemingly opposing roles of the predominantly circulating Vγ9Vδ2+ subtype, which can suppress tumour growth through direct cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis, and the predominantly tumour-infiltrating γδ1+ subtype which can promote tumour growth and spread through immunosuppressant effects. We summarise the evidence in breast cancer for the mechanisms of action of γδT lymphocytes and describe how factors in the tumour microenvironment may affect their function, polarising them towards a pro-tumourigenic, immune-suppressing role. We also describe the experience to date of γδT lymphocytes in immunotherapy for breast cancer and suggest the direction of work going forward, particularly as regards different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Morrow
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK; Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Antonia Roseweir
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK.
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15
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Hoeres T, Smetak M, Pretscher D, Wilhelm M. Improving the Efficiency of Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Immunotherapy in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:800. [PMID: 29725332 PMCID: PMC5916964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing immunological knowledge and advances in techniques lay the ground for more efficient and broader application of immunotherapies. gamma delta (γδ) T-cells possess multiple favorable anti-tumor characteristics, making them promising candidates to be used in cellular and combination therapies of cancer. They recognize malignant cells, infiltrate tumors, and depict strong cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activity. Here, we focus on human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, the most abundant γδ T-cell subpopulation in the blood, which are able to inhibit cancer progression in various models in vitro and in vivo. For therapeutic use they can be cultured and manipulated ex vivo and in the following adoptively transferred to patients, as well as directly stimulated to propagate in vivo. In clinical studies, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells repeatedly demonstrated a low toxicity profile but hitherto only the modest therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of established and newer strategies for the enhancement of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell anti-tumor functions. We discuss data of studies exploring methods for the sensitization of malignant cells, the improvement of recognition mechanisms and cytotoxic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Main aspects are the tumor cell metabolism, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody constructs, as well as activating and inhibitory receptors like NKG2D and immune checkpoint molecules. Several concepts show promising results in vitro, now awaiting translation to in vivo models and clinical studies. Given the array of research and encouraging findings in this area, this review aims at optimizing future investigations, specifically targeting the unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Hoeres
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Smetak
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pretscher
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Martin Wilhelm
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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16
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Wang S, Li H, Ye C, Lin P, Li B, Zhang W, Sun L, Wang Z, Xue D, Teng W, Zhou X, Lin N, Ye Z. Valproic Acid Combined with Zoledronate Enhance γδ T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Osteosarcoma Cells via the Accumulation of Mevalonate Pathway Intermediates. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535738 PMCID: PMC5835048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term survival of osteosarcoma has remained unchanged in the last several decades. Immunotherapy is proved to be a promising therapeutic strategy against osteosarcoma, especially for those with metastasis. Our previous study explored the sensibilization of zoledronate (ZOL) in γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma, but we have not yet elucidated the specific mechanism. Besides, high concentration is required to achieve these effects, whereas plasma ZOL concentration declines rapidly in the circulation. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor commonly used as the antiepileptic drug, has attracted much attention due to its synergistic antitumor efficacy with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrated that VPA combined with ZOL revealed the synergistic effect in enhancing antitumor efficacy of γδ T cells against osteosarcoma cells. This enhancement was mainly TCR-mediated and largely dependent on granule exocytose pathway. Of note, our findings indicated that ZOL sensitized osteosarcoma cells to γδ T cells by increasing the accumulation of the mevalonate pathway intermediates, which could be facilitated by VPA. We also found that this combination had similar effects on primary osteosarcoma cells. All the results suggested that VPA combined with ZOL could reduce the dose required to achieve a significant antitumor effect of γδ T cells, promoting it to be a novel therapy against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangsiyuan Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Chitadze G, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Kabelitz D. The Ambiguous Role of γδ T Lymphocytes in Antitumor Immunity. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:668-678. [PMID: 28709825 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells play a role in immune surveillance because they recognize stress-induced surface molecules and metabolic intermediates that are frequently dysregulated in transformed cells. Hence, γδ T cells have attracted much interest as effector cells in cell-based immunotherapy. Recently, however, it has been realized that γδ T cells can also promote tumorigenesis through various mechanisms including regulatory activity and IL-17 production. In this review we outline both the pathways involved in cancer cell recognition and killing by γδ T cells as well as current evidence for their protumorigenic activity in various models. Finally, we discuss strategies to improve the tumor reactivity of γδ T cells and to counteract their protumorigenic activities, which should open improved perspectives for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guranda Chitadze
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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