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Wang J, Lou Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, You J, Zhu Y, Yao Y, Hao Y, Liu P, Xu LX. IFNγ at the early stage induced after cryo-thermal therapy maintains CD4 + Th1-prone differentiation, leading to long-term antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345046. [PMID: 38827732 PMCID: PMC11140566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, more and more research illustrated the importance of inducing CD4+ T helper type (Th)-1 dominant immunity for the success of tumor immunotherapy. Our prior studies revealed the crucial role of CD4+ Th1 cells in orchestrating systemic and durable antitumor immunity, which contributes to the satisfactory outcomes of the novel cryo-thermal therapy in the B16F10 tumor model. However, the mechanism for maintaining the cryo-thermal therapy-mediated durable CD4+ Th1-dominant response remains uncovered. Additionally, cryo-thermal-induced early-stage CD4+ Th1-dominant T cell response showed a correlation with the favorable prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM). We hypothesized that CD4+ Th1-dominant differentiation induced during the early stage post cryo-thermal therapy would affect the balance of CD4+ subsets at the late phase. Methods To understand the role of interferon (IFN)-γ, the major effector of Th1 subsets, in maintaining long-term CD4+ Th1-prone polarization, B16F10 melanoma model was established in this study and a monoclonal antibody was used at the early stage post cryo-thermal therapy for interferon (IFN)-γ signaling blockade, and the influence on the phenotypic and functional change of immune cells was evaluated. Results IFNγ at the early stage after cryo-thermal therapy maintained long-lasting CD4+ Th1-prone immunity by directly controlling Th17, Tfh, and Tregs polarization, leading to the hyperactivation of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represented by abundant interleukin (IL)-1β generation, and thereby further amplifying Th1 response. Discussion Our finding emphasized the key role of early-phase IFNγ abundance post cryo-thermal therapy, which could be a biomarker for better prognosis after cryo-thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa X. Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yang K, Zhang Y, Ding J, Li Z, Zhang H, Zou F. Autoimmune CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes: from single-cell RNA sequencing to T-cell receptor redirection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1377322. [PMID: 38800484 PMCID: PMC11116783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1377322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by pancreatic β cell destruction and mediated primarily by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. It has been shown that only a small number of stem cell-like β cell-specific CD8+ T cells are needed to convert normal mice into T1D mice; thus, it is likely that T1D can be cured or significantly improved by modulating or altering self-reactive CD8+ T cells. However, stem cell-type, effector and exhausted CD8+ T cells play intricate and important roles in T1D. The highly diverse T-cell receptors (TCRs) also make precise and stable targeted therapy more difficult. Therefore, this review will investigate the mechanisms of autoimmune CD8+ T cells and TCRs in T1D, as well as the related single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-Seq), CRISPR/Cas9, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and T-cell receptor-gene engineered T cells (TCR-T), for a detailed and clear overview. This review highlights that targeting CD8+ T cells and their TCRs may be a potential strategy for predicting or treating T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- The First Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hejin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Emilius L, Bremm F, Binder AK, Schaft N, Dörrie J. Tumor Antigens beyond the Human Exome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4673. [PMID: 38731892 PMCID: PMC11083240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advent of immunotherapeutics, a new era in the combat against cancer has begun. Particularly promising are neo-epitope-targeted therapies as the expression of neo-antigens is tumor-specific. In turn, this allows the selective targeting and killing of cancer cells whilst healthy cells remain largely unaffected. So far, many advances have been made in the development of treatment options which are tailored to the individual neo-epitope repertoire. The next big step is the achievement of efficacious "off-the-shelf" immunotherapies. For this, shared neo-epitopes propose an optimal target. Given the tremendous potential, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms which lead to the formation of neo-antigens is of fundamental importance. Here, we review the various processes which result in the formation of neo-epitopes. Broadly, the origin of neo-epitopes can be categorized into three groups: canonical, noncanonical, and viral neo-epitopes. For the canonical neo-antigens that arise in direct consequence of somatic mutations, we summarize past and recent findings. Beyond that, our main focus is put on the discussion of noncanonical and viral neo-epitopes as we believe that targeting those provides an encouraging perspective to shape the future of cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisabeth Emilius
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Bremm
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amanda Katharina Binder
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Yang Y, Wei Z, Cia G, Song X, Pucci F, Rooman M, Xue F, Hou Q. MHCII-peptide presentation: an assessment of the state-of-the-art prediction methods. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1293706. [PMID: 38646540 PMCID: PMC11027168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1293706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex Class II (MHCII) proteins initiate and regulate immune responses by presentation of antigenic peptides to CD4+ T-cells and self-restriction. The interactions between MHCII and peptides determine the specificity of the immune response and are crucial in immunotherapy and cancer vaccine design. With the ever-increasing amount of MHCII-peptide binding data available, many computational approaches have been developed for MHCII-peptide interaction prediction over the last decade. There is thus an urgent need to provide an up-to-date overview and assessment of these newly developed computational methods. To benchmark the prediction performance of these methods, we constructed an independent dataset containing binding and non-binding peptides to 20 human MHCII protein allotypes from the Immune Epitope Database, covering DP, DR and DQ alleles. After collecting 11 known predictors up to January 2022, we evaluated those available through a webserver or standalone packages on this independent dataset. The benchmarking results show that MixMHC2pred and NetMHCIIpan-4.1 achieve the best performance among all predictors. In general, newly developed methods perform better than older ones due to the rapid expansion of data on which they are trained and the development of deep learning algorithms. Our manuscript not only draws a full picture of the state-of-art of MHCII-peptide binding prediction, but also guides researchers in the choice among the different predictors. More importantly, it will inspire biomedical researchers in both academia and industry for the future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhonghui Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gabriel Cia
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xixi Song
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fabrizio Pucci
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingzhen Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Godazandeh K, Van Olmen L, Van Oudenhove L, Lefever S, Bogaert C, Fant B. Methods behind neoantigen prediction for personalized anticancer vaccines. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:161-186. [PMID: 38548411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Next to conventional cancer therapies, immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have broadened the cancer treatment landscape over the past decades. Recent advances in next generation sequencing and bioinformatics technologies have made it possible to identify a patient's own immunogenic neoantigens. These cancer neoantigens serve as important targets for personalized immunotherapy which has the benefit of being more active and effective in targeting cancer cells. This paper is a step-by-step guide discussing the different analyses and challenges encountered during in-silico neoantigen prediction. The protocol describes all the tools and steps required for the identification of immunogenic neoantigens.
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Zhang P, Zhang G, Wan X. Challenges and new technologies in adoptive cell therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:97. [PMID: 37596653 PMCID: PMC10439661 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have existed for decades. From the initial infusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to the subsequent specific enhanced T cell receptor (TCR)-T and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies, many novel strategies for cancer treatment have been developed. Owing to its promising outcomes, CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized the field of ACTs, particularly for hematologic malignancies. Despite these advances, CAR-T cell therapy still has limitations in both autologous and allogeneic settings, including practicality and toxicity issues. To overcome these challenges, researchers have focused on the application of CAR engineering technology to other types of immune cell engineering. Consequently, several new cell therapies based on CAR technology have been developed, including CAR-NK, CAR-macrophage, CAR-γδT, and CAR-NKT. In this review, we describe the development, advantages, and possible challenges of the aforementioned ACTs and discuss current strategies aimed at maximizing the therapeutic potential of ACTs. We also provide an overview of the various gene transduction strategies employed in immunotherapy given their importance in immune cell engineering. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that strategies capable of creating a positive feedback immune circuit, as healthy immune systems do, could address the flaw of a single type of ACT, and thus serve as key players in future cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Claeys A, Merseburger P, Staut J, Marchal K, Van den Eynden J. Benchmark of tools for in silico prediction of MHC class I and class II genotypes from NGS data. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:247. [PMID: 37161318 PMCID: PMC10170851 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes are a group of highly polymorphic genes that are located in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6. The HLA genotype affects the presentability of tumour antigens to the immune system. While knowledge of these genotypes is of utmost importance to study differences in immune responses between cancer patients, gold standard, PCR-derived genotypes are rarely available in large Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) datasets. Therefore, a variety of methods for in silico NGS-based HLA genotyping have been developed, bypassing the need to determine these genotypes with separate experiments. However, there is currently no consensus on the best performing tool. RESULTS We evaluated 13 MHC class I and/or class II HLA callers that are currently available for free academic use and run on either Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) or RNA sequencing data. Computational resource requirements were highly variable between these tools. Three orthogonal approaches were used to evaluate the accuracy on several large publicly available datasets: a direct benchmark using PCR-derived gold standard HLA calls, a correlation analysis with population-based allele frequencies and an analysis of the concordance between the different tools. The highest MHC-I calling accuracies were found for Optitype (98.0%) and arcasHLA (99.4%) on WES and RNA sequencing data respectively, while for MHC-II HLA-HD was the most accurate tool for both data types (96.2% and 99.4% on WES and RNA data respectively). CONCLUSION The optimal strategy for HLA genotyping from NGS data depends on the availability of either WES or RNA data, the size of the dataset and the available computational resources. If sufficient resources are available, we recommend Optitype and HLA-HD for MHC-I and MHC-II genotype calling respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Claeys
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Merseburger
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Staut
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, IDLab, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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Zhong X, Li C, Zhao G, Li M, Chen S, Cao Y, Wang Q, Sun J, Zhu S, Chang S. Photoacoustic mediated multifunctional tumor antigen trapping nanoparticles inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer by enhancing tumor immunogenicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:468. [PMID: 36329515 PMCID: PMC9632083 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoimmunogenicity of tumors is one of the main bottlenecks of cancer immunotherapy. Enhancing tumor immunogenicity can improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy by increasing antigen exposure and presentation, and establishing an inflammatory microenvironment. Here, a multifunctional antigen trapping nanoparticle with indocyanine green (ICG), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and oxaliplatin (OXA) (PPIAO) has been developed for tumor photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality imaging and therapy. The combination of photothermal/photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy induced tumor antigen exposure and release through immunogenic death of tumor cells. A timely capture and storage of antigens by aluminum hydroxide enabled dendritic cells to recognize and present those antigens spatiotemporally. In an ovarian tumor model, the photoacoustic-mediated PPIAO NPs combination therapy achieved a transition from "cold tumor" to "hot tumor" that promoted more CD8+ T lymphocytes activation in vivo and intratumoral infiltration, and successfully inhibited the growth of primary and metastatic tumors. An in situ tumor vaccine effect was produced from the treated tumor tissue, assisting mice against the recurrence of tumor cells. This study provided a simple and effective personalized tumor vaccine strategy for better treatment of metastatic and recurrent tumors. The developed multifunctional tumor antigen trapping nanoparticles may be a promising nanoplatform for integrating multimodal imaging monitoring, tumor treatment, and tumor vaccine immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangchuan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenyin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
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Rzepecka A, Jagielski D, Cywińska A, Sapierzyński R, Żmigrodzka M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Winnicka A. MHCII Expression on Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Canine Lymphoma: An Impact of Glucocorticoids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162135. [PMID: 36009726 PMCID: PMC9404857 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss or decreased expression of human leukocyte antigen—D-related (HLA-DR) on the surface of monocytes is related to the dysfunction of the immune system and was reported in human neoplasia, including lymphoma. Canine lymphoma is frequently presented as a valuable comparative model for studies on human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, there are no studies on the expression of analogue proteins—MHCII antigens—on monocytes in canine lymphoma. In this study, we have evaluated the changes in the expression of MHCII on monocytes in the blood of dogs with lymphoma before any treatment and in dogs that had previously received glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are often used by clinicians as first drugs after diagnosis for immediate health improvement and are known to impact monocyte number. We have shown an increase in the percentage of MHCII− monocytes, regardless of treatment. However, only in dogs that had received glucocorticoids were changes in the proportion of MHCII+ and MHCII− monocytes reflected also by the changes in the number of MHCII− monocytes in the blood, which was significantly higher. Evaluating the changes in canine monocytes might be helpful in the diagnosis of various tumor types, monitoring of the treatment or assessing the immune status of dogs. Abstract An increase in the percentage of monocytes with reduced HLA-DR expression and immunosuppressive properties has been reported in numerous human neoplastic diseases, including lymphoma. However, there are no analogous studies on phenotypical variations in the peripheral blood monocytes in dogs with lymphoma. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the expression of the MHCII molecule on peripheral blood monocytes in dogs with lymphoma before any treatment (NRG) and in dogs that had previously received glucocorticoids (RG) in comparison to healthy dogs. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes was performed using canine-specific or cross-reactive antibodies against CD11b, CD14 and MHCII. In the blood of dogs with lymphoma (NRG and RG), compared to that of healthy ones, the MHCII+ and MHCII− monocytes ratio was changed due to an increase in the percentage of MHCII− monocytes. The number of MHCII− monocytes was significantly higher only in RG dogs compared to healthy ones, which might result from the release of these cells from the blood marginal pool due to the action of glucocorticoids. Our results encourage further studies to assess if changes in MHCII expression affect immune status in dogs with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Rzepecka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żmigrodzka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Winnicka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Jiang L, Tang J, Guo F, Guo Y. Prediction of Major Histocompatibility Complex Binding with Bilateral and Variable Long Short Term Memory Networks. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060848. [PMID: 35741369 PMCID: PMC9220200 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Major histocompatibility complex molecules are of significant biological and clinical importance due to their utility in immunotherapy. The prediction of potential MHC binding peptides can estimate a T-cell immune response. The variable length of existing MHC binding peptides creates difficulty for MHC binding prediction algorithms. Thus, we utilized a bilateral and variable long-short term memory neural network to address this specific problem and developed a novel MHC binding prediction tool. Abstract As an important part of immune surveillance, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of proteins that recognize foreign molecules. Computational prediction methods for MHC binding peptides have been developed. However, existing methods share the limitation of fixed peptide sequence length, which necessitates the training of models by peptide length or prediction with a length reduction technique. Using a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network, we constructed BVMHC, an MHC class I and II binding prediction tool that is independent of peptide length. The performance of BVMHC was compared to seven MHC class I prediction tools and three MHC class II prediction tools using eight performance criteria independently. BVMHC attained the best performance in three of the eight criteria for MHC class I, and the best performance in four of the eight criteria for MHC class II, including accuracy and AUC. Furthermore, models for non-human species were also trained using the same strategy and made available for applications in mice, chimpanzees, macaques, and rats. BVMHC is composed of a series of peptide length independent MHC class I and II binding predictors. Models from this study have been implemented in an online web portal for easy access and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Jiang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Jijun Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Fei Guo
- School of Computer Science and Technology, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (Y.G.)
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Li W, Lou Y, Wang G, Zhang K, Xu L, Liu P, Xu LX. A Novel Multi-Mode Thermal Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020280. [PMID: 35203498 PMCID: PMC8869583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel multi-mode thermal therapy was developed for local tumor ablation and the systemic stimulation of anti-tumor immunity, consisting of a rapid liquid nitrogen freezing, and followed by the radiofrequency heating of target tumor tissue. This pilot study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of the new therapy with conventional radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM). From August 2016 to September 2019, thirty-one patients with CRCLM received either multi-mode thermal therapy (n = 17) or RFA (n = 14). Triphasic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), routine blood tests, and peripheral blood immune responses were evaluated before the treatment and in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after. Local tumor response and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and pre- and post-treatment immune cell counts were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. A significantly longer PFS was observed in the multi-mode thermal therapy group in comparison to that of the conventional RFA group (median, 11.4 versus 3.4 months, p = 0.022). It was found that multi-mode therapy induced the functional maturation of dendritic cells, promoted CD4+ T cell-mediated antitumor responses, and decreased regulatory T cells, contributing to better therapeutic efficacy in CRCLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China; (W.L.); (L.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.L.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.L.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kangwei Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.L.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Lichao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China; (W.L.); (L.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.L.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (L.X.X.)
| | - Lisa X. Xu
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.L.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (L.X.X.)
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12
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Cen Y, Lou Y, Wang J, Wang S, Peng P, Zhang A, Liu P. Supplementation with Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reinforces Antitumor Immunity Induced by Cryo-Thermal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011021. [PMID: 34681680 PMCID: PMC8539038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapies should reshape immunosuppression and trigger antitumor immunity. Previously, we developed a novel cryo-thermal therapy through applying local rapid cooling followed by rapid heating of tumor tissue. It could not only ablate local tumors, but also, subsequently, induce systemic long-term antitumor immunity. Hyperthermia can induce the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to stimulate antitumor immunity. We examine whether EVs are released after cryo-thermal therapy and whether they could improve the efficacy of cryo-thermal therapy in the 4T1 model. In this study, serum extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are isolated and characterized 3 h after cryo-thermal therapy of subcutaneous tumors. sEV phagocytosis is observed in vitro and in vivo by using laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. After cryo-thermal therapy, sEVs are administered to mice via the tail vein, and changes in immune cells are investigated by using flow cytometry. After cryo-thermal therapy, a large number of sEVs are released to the periphery carrying danger signals and tumor antigens, and these sEVs could be phagocytosed by peripheral blood monocytes and differentiated macrophages. After cryo-thermal therapy, supplementation with sEVs released after treatment promotes the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), monocytes into macrophages and CD4+ T cells into the Th1 subtype, as well as prolonging the long-term survival of the 4T1 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice. sEVs released after cryo-thermal tumor treatment could clinically serve as an adjuvant in subsequent cryo-thermal therapy to improve the therapeutic effects on malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Cen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (P.P.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Lou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (P.P.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (P.P.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shicheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (P.P.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Peng Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (P.P.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (P.P.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (P.P.); (A.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(21)-6293-2304
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13
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Trincado JL, Reixachs-Solé M, Pérez-Granado J, Fugmann T, Sanz F, Yokota J, Eyras E. ISOTOPE: ISOform-guided prediction of epiTOPEs in cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009411. [PMID: 34529669 PMCID: PMC8478223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies provide effective treatments for previously untreatable tumors and identifying tumor-specific epitopes can help elucidate the molecular determinants of therapy response. Here, we describe a pipeline, ISOTOPE (ISOform-guided prediction of epiTOPEs In Cancer), for the comprehensive identification of tumor-specific splicing-derived epitopes. Using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry for MHC-I associated proteins, ISOTOPE identified neoepitopes from tumor-specific splicing events that are potentially presented by MHC-I complexes. Analysis of multiple samples indicates that splicing alterations may affect the production of self-epitopes and generate more candidate neoepitopes than somatic mutations. Although there was no difference in the number of splicing-derived neoepitopes between responders and non-responders to immune therapy, higher MHC-I binding affinity was associated with a positive response. Our analyses highlight the diversity of the immunogenic impacts of tumor-specific splicing alterations and the importance of studying splicing alterations to fully characterize tumors in the context of immunotherapies. ISOTOPE is available at https://github.com/comprna/ISOTOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Reixachs-Solé
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Judith Pérez-Granado
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dept. of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dept. of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Yokota
- National Cancer Center Research Institute (NCCRI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eduardo Eyras
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Lou Y, Wang J, Peng P, Wang S, Liu P, Xu LX. Downregulated TNF-α Levels after Cryo-Thermal Therapy Drive Tregs Fragility to Promote Long-Term Antitumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189951. [PMID: 34576115 PMCID: PMC8468796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a therapeutic pillar in tumor treatment, but only a minority of patients get benefit. Overcoming the limitations of immunosuppressive environment is effective for immunotherapy. Moreover, host T cell activation and longevity within tumor are required for the long-term efficacy. In our previous study, a novel cryo-thermal therapy was developed to improve long-term survival in B16F10 melanoma and s.q. 4T1 breast cancer mouse models. We determined that cryo-thermal therapy induced Th1-dominant CD4+ T cell differentiation and the downregulation of Tregs in B16F10 model, contributing to tumor-specific and long-lasting immune protection. However, whether cryo-thermal therapy can affect the differentiation and function of T cells in a s.q. 4T1 model remains unknown. In this study, we also found that cryo-thermal therapy induced Th1-dominant differentiation of CD4+ T cells and the downregulation of effector Tregs. In particular, cryo-thermal therapy drove the fragility of Tregs and impaired their function. Furthermore, we discovered the downregulated level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α at the late stage after cryo-thermal therapy which played an important role in driving Treg fragility. Our findings revealed that cryo-thermal therapy could reprogram the suppressive environment and induce strong and durable antitumor immunity, which facilitate the development of combination strategies in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ping Liu
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (L.X.X.)
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15
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Yang L, Liu G, Li Y, Pan Y. The emergence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Predictive value and immunotherapy implications. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1208-1219. [PMID: 35873027 PMCID: PMC9293699 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) often reveals a large number of lymphocytes infiltrating the primary tumor site. As an important part of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) do not exist alone but as a complex multicellular population with high heterogeneity. TILs play an extremely significant role in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of NPC. The latest research shows that they participate in tumorigenesis and treatment, and the composition, quantity, functional status and distribution of TILs subsets have good predictive value for the prognosis of NPC patients. TILs are an independent prognostic factor for TNM stage and significantly correlated with better prognosis. Additionally, adoptive immunotherapy using anti-tumor TILs has achieved good results in a variety of solid tumors including NPC. This review evaluates recent clinical and preclinical studies of NPC, summarizes the role of TILs in promoting and inhibiting tumor growth, evaluates the predictive value of TILs, and explores the potential benefits of TILs-based immunotherapy in the treatment of NPC.
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16
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de Sousa E, Lérias JR, Beltran A, Paraschoudi G, Condeço C, Kamiki J, António PA, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Castillo-Martin M, Wang Z, Ligeiro D, Rao M, Maeurer M. Targeting Neoepitopes to Treat Solid Malignancies: Immunosurgery. Front Immunol 2021; 12:592031. [PMID: 34335558 PMCID: PMC8320363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.592031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful outcome of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with solid cancers is in part associated with a high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the recognition of private neoantigens by T-cells. The quality and quantity of target recognition is determined by the repertoire of ‘neoepitope’-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), or peripheral T-cells. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), produced by T-cells and other immune cells, is essential for controlling proliferation of transformed cells, induction of apoptosis and enhancing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, thereby increasing immunogenicity of cancer cells. TCR αβ-dependent therapies should account for tumor heterogeneity and availability of the TCR repertoire capable of reacting to neoepitopes and functional HLA pathways. Immunogenic epitopes in the tumor-stroma may also be targeted to achieve tumor-containment by changing the immune-contexture in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Non protein-coding regions of the tumor-cell genome may also contain many aberrantly expressed, non-mutated tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) capable of eliciting productive anti-tumor immune responses. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and/or RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of cancer tissue, combined with several layers of bioinformatic analysis is commonly used to predict possible neoepitopes present in clinical samples. At the ImmunoSurgery Unit of the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown (CCU), a pipeline combining several tools is used for predicting private mutations from WES and RNA-Seq data followed by the construction of synthetic peptides tailored for immunological response assessment reflecting the patient’s tumor mutations, guided by MHC typing. Subsequent immunoassays allow the detection of differential IFN-γ production patterns associated with (intra-tumoral) spatiotemporal differences in TIL or peripheral T-cells versus TIL. These bioinformatics tools, in addition to histopathological assessment, immunological readouts from functional bioassays and deep T-cell ‘adaptome’ analyses, are expected to advance discovery and development of next-generation personalized precision medicine strategies to improve clinical outcomes in cancer in the context of i) anti-tumor vaccination strategies, ii) gauging mutation-reactive T-cell responses in biological therapies and iii) expansion of tumor-reactive T-cells for the cellular treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Kamiki
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Applied Adaptome Immunology Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação (IPST), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,I Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Ortiz-Aguirre JP, Velandia-Vargas EA, Rodríguez-Bohorquez OM, Amaya-Ramírez D, Bernal-Estévez D, Parra-López CA. Inmunoterapia personalizada contra el cáncer basada en neoantígenos. Revisión de la literatura. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v69n3.81633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Los avances que se han hecho en inmunoterapia contra el cáncer y la respuesta clínica de los pacientes que han recibido este tipo de terapia la han convertido en el cuarto pilar para el tratamiento del cáncer.
Objetivo. Describir brevemente el fundamento biológico de la inmunoterapia personalizada contra el cáncer basada en neoantígenos, las perspectivas actuales de su desarrollo y algunos resultados clínicos de esta terapia.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PubMed, Scopus y EBSCO utilizando la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: tipo de artículos: estudios experimentales originales, ensayos clínicos y revisiones narrativas y sistemáticas sobre métodos de identificación de mutaciones generadas en los tumores y estrategias de inmunoterapia del cáncer con vacunas basadas en neoantígenos; población de estudio: humanos y modelos animales; periodo de publicación: enero 1989- diciembre 2019; idioma: inglés y español; términos de búsqueda: “Immunotherapy”, “Neoplasms”, “Mutation” y “Cancer Vaccines”.
Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 1344 registros; luego de remover duplicados (n=176), 780 fueron excluidos luego de leer su resumen y título, y se evaluó el texto completo de 338 para verificar cuáles cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, seleccionándose finalmente 73 estudios para análisis completo. Todos los artículos recuperados se publicaron en inglés, y fueron realizados principalmente en EE. UU. (43.83%) y Alemania (23.65%). En el caso de los estudios originales (n=43), 20 se realizaron únicamente en humanos, 9 solo en animales, 2 en ambos modelos, y 12 usaron metodología in silico.
Conclusión. La inmunoterapia personalizada contra el cáncer con vacunas basadas en neoantígenos tumorales se está convirtiendo de forma contundente en una nueva alternativa para tratar el cáncer. Sin embargo, para lograr su implementación adecuada, es necesario usarla en combinación con tratamientos convencionales, generar más conocimiento que contribuya a aclarar la inmunobiología del cáncer, y reducir los costos asociados con su producción.
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18
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Zeng Y, Zhang W, Li Z, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen G, Qiu L, Ke K, Su X, Cai Z, Liu J, Liu X. Personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy for advanced collecting duct carcinoma: case report. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000217. [PMID: 32439798 PMCID: PMC7247377 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor with the worst prognosis among all renal cancers. Nevertheless, the first-line treatments, including chemotherapy and target therapy, usually show poor response to CDC. Recent studies have suggested that immunotherapy targeting personal tumor-specific neoantigens could be a promising strategy for several solid cancers. However, whether it has therapeutic potential in CDC remains unclear. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a case of an Asian patient who underwent personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic CDC and suffered extensive tumor progression following sorafenib treatment. Based on the patient's own somatic mutational profile, a total of 13 neoantigens were identified and corresponding long-peptide vaccine and neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs) were prepared. After six cycles of neoantigen-based vaccination and T-cell immunotherapy, the patient was reported with stable disease status in tumor burden and significant alleviation of bone pain. Ex vivo interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay proved the reactivity to 12 of 13 neoantigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected after immunotherapy, and the preferential reactivity to mutant peptides compared with corresponding wild-type peptides was also observed for 3 of the neoantigens. Surprisingly, biopsy sample collected from CDC sites after 3 months of immunotherapy showed decreased mutant allele frequency corresponding to 92% (12/13) of the neoantigens, indicating the elimination of tumor cells carrying these neoantigens. CONCLUSIONS Our case report demonstrated that the combined therapy of neoantigen peptide vaccination and NRT cell infusion showed certain efficacy in this CDC case, even when the patient carried only a relatively low tumor mutation burden. These results indicated that the personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy was a promising new strategy for advanced CDC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800017836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenli Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Youshi Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Geng Chen
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Liman Qiu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Kun Ke
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China .,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China .,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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19
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Moaven O, W Mangieri C, A Stauffer J, Anastasiadis PZ, Borad MJ. Evolving Role of Oncolytic Virotherapy: Challenges and Prospects in Clinical Practice. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00395. [PMID: 34250386 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective oncotropism and cytolytic activity against tumors have made certain viruses subject to investigation as novel treatment modalities. However, monotherapy with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has shown limited success and modest clinical benefit. The capacity to genetically engineer OVs makes them a desirable platform to design complementary treatment modalities to overcome the existing treatment options' shortcomings. In recent years, our knowledge of interactions of the tumors with the immune system has expanded profoundly. There is a growing body of literature supporting immunomodulatory roles for OVs. The concept of bioengineering these platforms to induce the desired immune response and complement the current immunotherapeutic modalities to make immune-resistant tumors responsive to immunotherapy is under investigation in preclinical and early clinical trials. This review provides an overview of attempts to optimize oncolytic virotherapy as essential components of the multimodality anticancer therapeutic approach and discusses the challenges in translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Moaven
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Christopher W Mangieri
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John A Stauffer
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
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20
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The Significance of Exosomal RNAs in the Development, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010073. [PMID: 33430032 PMCID: PMC7826966 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles with an average diameter of 100 nm, contain and transfer a variety of functional macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A large number of studies indicated that exosomes can play a significant role in the initiation and development of GC via facilitating intercellular communication between gastric cancer cells and microenvironment. Exosomal RNAs, one of the key functional cargos, are involved in the pathogenesis, development, and metastasis of GC. In addition, recent studies elucidated that exosomal RNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for GC. In this review, we summarized the function of exosomal RNA in the tumorigenesis, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of GC, which may further unveil the functions of exosome and promote the potentially diagnostic and therapeutic application of exosomes in GC.
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Tan X, Li D, Huang P, Jian X, Wan H, Wang G, Li Y, Ouyang J, Lin Y, Xie L. dbPepNeo: a manually curated database for human tumor neoantigen peptides. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2020:5747759. [PMID: 32090262 PMCID: PMC7043295 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neoantigens can function as actual antigens to facilitate tumor rejection, which play a crucial role in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Emerging evidence revealed that neoantigens can be used to develop personalized, cancer-specific vaccines. To date, large numbers of immunogenomic peptides have been computationally predicted to be potential neoantigens. However, experimental validation remains the gold standard for potential clinical application. Experimentally validated neoantigens are rare and mostly appear scattered among scientific papers and various databases. Here, we constructed dbPepNeo, a specific database for human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) binding neoantigen peptides based on mass spectrometry (MS) validation or immunoassay in human tumors. According to the verification methods of these neoantigens, the collection of peptides was classified as 295 high confidence, 247 medium confidence and 407 794 low confidence neoantigens, respectively. This can serve as a valuable resource to aid further screening for effective neoantigens, optimize a neoantigen prediction pipeline and study T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition. Three applications of dbPepNeo are shown. In summary, this work resulted in a platform to promote the screening and confirmation of potential neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Database URL: www.biostatistics.online/dbPepNeo/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiu Tan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daixi Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Pengjie Huang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Jian
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huihui Wan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Hucheng Ring Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Hucheng Ring Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Lin
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1278, Keyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
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Chen H, Yang G, Xiao J, Zheng L, You L, Zhang T. Neoantigen-based immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cancer Lett 2020; 490:12-19. [PMID: 32590021 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigens generated in neoplasms are a type of protein completely absent in healthy tissues. Therefore, anti-tumor immunity targeting neoantigens is highly specific, which provides an optional approach to boost tumor immunotherapy. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in humans, with few efficient treatments to improve its prognosis. Therefore, immunotherapies reinforced by neoantigen-based strategies should be considered. In PDAC, the mutational burden is intermediate compared with other common malignancies, while the naturally formed tumor immunity is significantly inferior. Moreover, the high mutation load in PDAC correlates with a poor clinical prognosis, although the combination of a large mutation repertoire and competent T cell population is indispensable for long-term survival. In clinical practice, three strategies have been mainly used: peptide or tumor cell vaccines, neo-epitope-coding nucleotide vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines. However, three major problems remain to be addressed, including (1) highly personalized protocols after sampling, (2) insufficient neoantigen quantity, and (3) ineffective immunotherapy of PDAC. In summary, neoantigen-based therapy of PDAC is increasing and the treatment methods are accompanied by great challenges. Currently, extensive development is needed for effective neoantigen-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 1 Tsinghua Yuan Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Peng P, Hu H, Liu P, Xu LX. Neoantigen-specific CD4 + T-cell response is critical for the therapeutic efficacy of cryo-thermal therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2019-000421. [PMID: 32938627 PMCID: PMC7497524 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional tumor thermal ablations, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation, can result in good local control of tumor, but traditional tumor thermal ablations are limited by poor long-term survival due to the failure of control of distal metastasis. Our previous studies developed a novel cryo-thermal therapy to treat the B16F10 melanoma mouse model. Long-term survival and T-cell-mediated durable antitumor immunity were achieved after cryo-thermal therapy, but whether tumor antigen-specific T-cells were augmented by cryo-thermal therapy was not determined. Methods The long-term antitumor therapeutic efficacy of cryo-thermal therapy was performed in B16F10 murine melanoma models. Splenocytes derived from mice treated with RFA or cryo-thermal therapy were coincubated with tumor antigen peptides to detect the frequency of antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells by flow cytometry. Splenocytes were then stimulated and expanded by αCD3 or peptides and adoptive T-cell therapy experiments were performed to identify the antitumor efficacy of T-cells induced by RFA and cryo-thermal therapy. Naïve mice and tumor-bearing mice were used as control groups. Results Local cryo-thermal therapy generated a stronger systematic antitumor immune response than RFA and a long-lasting antitumor immunity that protected against tumor rechallenge. In vitro studies showed that the antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response was induced by both cryo-thermal therapy and RFA, but the strong neoantigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response was only induced by cryo-thermal therapy. Cryo-thermal therapy-induced strong antitumor immune response was mainly mediated by CD4+ T-cells, particularly neoantigen-specific CD4+ T-cells. Conclusion Cryo-thermal therapy induced a stronger and broader antigen-specific memory T-cells. Specifically, cryo-thermal therapy, but not RFA, led to a strong neoantigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response that mediated the resistance to tumor challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Hu
- Providence Portland Medical Center, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa X Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Shao YJ, Ni JJ, Wei SY, Weng XP, Shen MD, Jia YX, Meng LN. IRF1-mediated immune cell infiltration is associated with metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22170. [PMID: 32925784 PMCID: PMC7489583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that metastasis is chiefly responsible for the poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in regulating this biological process. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify crucial metastasis-related biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment and investigate its association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. METHODS We obtained gene expression profiles and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. According to the "Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissue using Expression data" algorithm, each sample generated the immune and stromal scores. Following correlation analysis, the metastasis-related gene was identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and validated in the GSE40967 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus. The correlation between metastasis-related gene and infiltrating immune cells was assessed using the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource database. RESULTS The analysis included 332 patients; the metastatic COAD samples showed a low immune score. Correlation analysis results showed that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Furthermore, significant associations between IRF1 and CD8+ T cells, T cell (general), dendritic cells, T-helper 1 cells, and T cell exhaustion were demonstrated by Spearmans correlation coefficients and P values. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that IRF1 is associated with metastasis and the degree of immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells (general), dendritic cells, T-helper 1 cells, and T cell exhaustion in COAD. These results may provide information for immunotherapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-jian Shao
- First College of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Jun-jie Ni
- First College of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Shen-yu Wei
- First College of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Xiong-peng Weng
- Second College of Clinical Medical, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Meng-die Shen
- First College of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Yi-xin Jia
- First College of Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Li-na Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive B-cell lymphoma and highly heterogeneous disease. With the standard immunochemotherapy, anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (R-) plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy, 30-40% of DLBCLs are refractory to initial immunochemotherapy or experience relapse post-therapy with poor clinical outcomes despite salvage therapies. Mechanisms underlying chemoresistance and relapse are heterogeneous across DLBCL and within individual patients, representing hurdles for targeted therapies targeting a specific oncogenic signaling pathway. In recent years, paradigm-shifting immunotherapies have shown impressive efficacy in various cancer types regardless of underlying oncogenic mechanisms. Vaccines are being developed for DLBCL to build protective immunity against relapse after first complete remission and to promote antitumor immune responses synergizing with immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat refractory/relapsed patients. This article provides a brief review of current progress in vaccine development in DLBCL and discussion on immunologic mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effectiveness and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Hematopathology Division, Department of Pathology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Hematopathology Division, Department of Pathology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Xu P, Luo H, Kong Y, Lai WF, Cui L, Zhu X. Cancer neoantigen: Boosting immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110640. [PMID: 32836075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor neoantigen has a high degree of immunogenicity. As one of the emerging methods of tumor immunotherapy, the vaccine developed against it has served to clinical trials of various solid tumors, especially in the treatment of melanoma. Currently, a variety of immunotherapy methods have been applied to the treatment of the tumor. However, other therapeutic methods have the disadvantages of low specificity and prominent side effects. Treatments require tumor antigen with higher immunogenicity as the target of immune attack. This review will recommend the identification of neoantigen, the influencing factors of neoantigen, and the application of personalized vaccines for neoantigen in metastatic tumors such as malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
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Shi T, Song X, Wang Y, Liu F, Wei J. Combining Oncolytic Viruses With Cancer Immunotherapy: Establishing a New Generation of Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:683. [PMID: 32411132 PMCID: PMC7198760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent successes of tumor immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, have revolutionized cancer treatment, improving efficacy and extending treatment to a larger proportion of cancer patients. However, due to high heterogeneity of cancer, poor tumor cell targeting, and the immunosuppressive status of the tumor microenvironment (TME), combinatorial agents are required to obtain more effective and consistent therapeutic responses in a wide range of cancers. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are able to selectively replicate in and destroy tumor cells and subsequently induce systematic anti-tumor immune responses. Thus, they are ideal for combining with cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of OVs, as well as the latest preclinical and clinical progress of combining OVs with cancer immunotherapies, including ICB, CAR-T therapy, bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), and cancer vaccines. Moreover, we consider future directions for applying OVs to personalized cancer immunotherapies, which could potentially launch a new generation of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueru Song
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangcen Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Cell repopulation, rewiring metabolism, and immune regulation in cancer radiotherapy. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of V934/V935 hTERT vaccination in cancer patients with selected solid tumors: a phase I study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:39. [PMID: 32000810 PMCID: PMC6993365 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an antigen that may represent a target for a novel anti-cancer strategy. A pilot, phase I study tested the safety and feasibility of a prime-boost immunization regimen based on V935, an adenoviral type 6 vector vaccine expressing a modified version of hTERT, administered alone or in combination with V934, a DNA plasmid that also expresses the same antigen and is delivered using the electroporation injection technique. Methods Treatments: Group #1 received two doses (low-dose: 0.5 × 109 vg, and high-dose: 0.5 × 1011 vg) of V935 followed by a 4-week observation period. Group #2 received three doses of V934-electroporation and two doses of V935 following a 4-week observation period. Doses were low-dose V934 (0.25 mg of plasmid) with low-dose V935 (0.5 × 109 vg); high-dose V934 (2.5 mg of plasmid) with high-dose V935 (0.5 × 1011 vg). Group #3 received five doses of V934-EP and two doses of V935: V934 was administered IM every 2 weeks for five doses. Following a 4-week observation period, V935 was administered IM every 2 weeks for two doses followed by a 4-week observation period. One (1) dose level was tested in treatment group #3: high-dose V934 (2.5 mg of plasmid), in combination with high-dose V935 (0.5 × 1011 vg). Immunogenicity was measured by ELISPOT assay and three pools of peptides encompassing the sequence of hTERT. Results In total, 37 patients affected by solid tumors (prostate cancer in 38%) were enrolled. The safety profile of different regimens was good and comparable across groups, with no severe adverse events, dose-limiting toxicities or treatment discontinuations. As expected, the most common adverse events were local reactions. A significant increase in ELISPOT responses against hTERT peptide pool 2 was observed (p < 0.01), while no evidence of boosting was observed for peptide pools 1 and 3. This was also evident for group #1 and #2 separately. In patients with prostate cancer, there was a significant increase in ELISPOT response against hTERT peptide pool 2 following immunization (p < 0.01), regardless of previous therapy, immunosuppressing agents, or adenoviral type 6 titers at screening. Conclusion Our results suggest the safety and feasibility of V934/V935 hTERT vaccination in cancer patients with solid tumors Trial Registration Name of the registry: ClinicalTrial.gov Trial registration number: NCT00753415 Date of registration: 16 September 2008 Retrospectively registered URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT00753415&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=
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Franke AJ, Skelton WP, Starr JS, Parekh H, Lee JJ, Overman MJ, Allegra C, George TJ. Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Current and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:1131-1141. [PMID: 31322663 PMCID: PMC6855933 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although immunotherapy has dramatically changed the landscape of treatment for many advanced cancers, the benefit in CRC has thus far been limited to patients with microsatellite instability high (MSI-H):DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors. Recent studies in the refractory CRC setting have led to US Food and Drug Administration approvals for pembrolizumab as well as nivolumab (with or without ipilimumab) for tumors harboring an MSI-H:dMMR molecular profile. Several randomized controlled trials are underway to move immunotherapy into the frontline for metastatic cancer (with or without chemotherapy) and the adjuvant setting. Awareness of these studies is critical given the relatively low incidence (approximately 3%-5%) of MSI-H:dMMR in advanced or metastatic CRC to support study completion, because the results could be potentially practice changing. The real challenge in this disease is related to demonstrating the benefit of immunotherapy for the vast majority of patients with CRC not harboring MSI-H:dMMR. Given the rapid pace of scientific changes, this article provides a narrative review regarding the current landscape of immunotherapy for CRC. Particular attention is paid to the currently available data that inform today's clinical practice along with upcoming randomized controlled trials that may soon dramatically change the treatment landscape for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J George
- Correspondence to: Thomas J. George, MD, FACP, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Florida, PO Box 100278, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610–0278 (e-mail: )
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Zhou C, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhu C, Chen K, Chuai G, Qu S, Xie L, Gao Y, Liu Q. pTuneos: prioritizing tumor neoantigens from next-generation sequencing data. Genome Med 2019; 11:67. [PMID: 31666118 PMCID: PMC6822339 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer neoantigens are expressed only in cancer cells and presented on the tumor cell surface in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Accurate and rapid identification of neoantigens play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy. Although several in silico tools for neoantigen prediction have been presented, limitations of these tools exist. RESULTS We developed pTuneos, a computational pipeline for prioritizing tumor neoantigens from next-generation sequencing data. We tested the performance of pTuneos on the melanoma cancer vaccine cohort data and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-recognized neopeptide data. pTuneos is able to predict the MHC presentation and T cell recognition ability of the candidate neoantigens, and the actual immunogenicity of single-nucleotide variant (SNV)-based neopeptides considering their natural processing and presentation, surpassing the existing tools with a comprehensive and quantitative benchmark of their neoantigen prioritization performance and running time. pTuneos was further tested on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort data as well as the melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort data undergoing checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. The overall neoantigen immunogenicity score proposed by pTuneos is demonstrated to be a powerful and pan-cancer marker for survival prediction compared to traditional well-established biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS In summary, pTuneos provides the state-of-the-art one-stop and user-friendly solution for prioritizing SNV-based candidate neoepitopes, which could help to advance research on next-generation cancer immunotherapies and personalized cancer vaccines. pTuneos is available at https://github.com/bm2-lab/pTuneos , with a Docker version for quick deployment at https://cloud.docker.com/u/bm2lab/repository/docker/bm2lab/ptuneos .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiting Wei
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanbing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohui Chuai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Qu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wei Z, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Guan M, Zhang C, Liu Z, Liu Q. The Landscape of Tumor Fusion Neoantigens: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. iScience 2019; 21:249-260. [PMID: 31677477 PMCID: PMC6838548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with SNV&indel-based neoantigens, fusion-based neoantigens are not well characterized. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the landscape of tumor fusion neoantigens in cancer and proposed a score scheme to quantitatively assess their immunogenic potentials. By analyzing three large-scale tumor datasets, we demonstrated that (1) the tumor fusion candidate neoantigen burden is not related to the immunotherapy outcome; (2) fusion neoantigens tend to have notably higher immunogenic potentials than SNV&indel-based candidate neoantigens, making them better candidates for cancer vaccines; (3) fusion candidate neoantigens distribute sparsely between individual patients. Although several recurrent candidate neoantigens exist, they usually have extremely low immunogenic potentials, suggesting that vaccination-based cancer immunotherapy must be personalized; (4) compared with fusion mutations involving tumor passenger genes, fusion mutations involving oncogenic genes have remarkably low immunogenic potentials, indicating that they undergo selection pressure during tumorigenesis. A score scheme is presented to evaluate the immunogenicity of fusion neoantigen Tumor fusion neoantigen burden is not related to the immunotherapy outcome Compared with SNV&indel neoantigen, fusion neoantigen has higher immunogenicity Oncogene fusion has lower immunogenicity than passenger gene fusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Wei
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhanbing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Targeting PD-1 in cancer: Biological insights with a focus on breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 142:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Bioinformatic methods for cancer neoantigen prediction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 164:25-60. [PMID: 31383407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells accumulate aberrations not present in normal cells, leading to presentation of neoantigens on MHC molecules on their surface. These non-self neoantigens distinguish tumor cells from normal cells to the immune system and are thus targets for cancer immunotherapy. The rapid development of molecular profiling platforms, such as next-generation sequencing, has enabled the generation of large datasets characterizing tumor cells. The simultaneous development of algorithms has enabled rapid and accurate processing of these data. Bioinformatic software tools encoding the algorithms can be strung together in a workflow to identify neoantigens. Here, with a focus on high-throughput sequencing, we review state-of-the art bioinformatic tools along with the steps and challenges involved in neoantigen identification and recognition.
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Wei X, Chen F, Xin K, Wang Q, Yu L, Liu B, Liu Q. Cancer-Testis Antigen Peptide Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy: Progress and Prospects. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:733-738. [PMID: 30877975 PMCID: PMC6423365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, including peptide-based vaccines, have been considered a key tool of effective and protective cancer immunotherapy because of their capacity to provide long-term clinical benefit for tumors. Among a large number of explorations of peptide antigen-based vaccines, cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), which are activated in cancers but silenced in normal tissues (except testis tissue), are considered as ideal targets. Currently, personalized treatment for cancer has become a trend due to its superior clinical efficacy. Thus, we envisage rational selection of CTA peptides to design "personalized" CTA peptide vaccines. This review summarizes the advances in CTA peptide vaccine research and discusses the feasibility of establishing "personalized" CTA peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Fangjun Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University
| | - Kai Xin
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University
| | - Qin Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University.
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Ozpiskin OM, Zhang L, Li JJ. Immune targets in the tumor microenvironment treated by radiotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1215-1231. [PMID: 30867826 PMCID: PMC6401500 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), the major anti-cancer modality for more than half of cancer patients after diagnosis, has the advantage of local tumor control with relatively less systematic side effects comparing to chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of RT is limited by acquired tumor resistance leading to the risks of relapse and metastasis. To further enhance the efficacy of RT, with the renaissances of targeted immunotherapy (TIT), increasing interests are raised on RT combined with TIT including cancer vaccines, T-cell therapy, and antibody-based immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1/PD-L1. In achieving a significant synergy between RT and TIT, the dynamics of radiation-induced response in tumor cells and stromal cells, especially the cross-talk between tumor cells and immune cells in the irradiated tumor microenvironment (ITME) as highlighted in recent literature are to be elucidated. The abscopal effect refereeing the RT-induced priming function outside of ITME could be compromised by the immune-suppressive factors such as CD47 and PD-L1 on tumor cells and Treg induced or enhanced in the ITME. Cell surface receptors temporally or permanently induced and bioactive elements released from dead cells could serve antigenic source (radiation-associated antigenic proteins, RAAPs) to the host and have functions in immune regulation on the tumor. This review is attempted to summarize a cluster of factors that are inducible by radiation and targetable by antibodies, or have potential to be immune regulators to synergize tumor control with RT. Further characterization of immune regulators in ITME will deepen our understanding of the interplay among immune regulators in ITME and discover new effective targets for the combined modality with RT and TIT.
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Takeuchi M, Miyoshi H, Asano N, Yoshida N, Yamada K, Yanagida E, Moritsubo M, Nakata M, Umeno T, Suzuki T, Komaki S, Muta H, Furuta T, Seto M, Ohshima K. Human leukocyte antigen class II expression is a good prognostic factor in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Haematologica 2019; 104:1626-1632. [PMID: 30630986 PMCID: PMC6669171 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression is implicated as a major immune escape mechanism in several types of tumor. We previously reported that HLA class I/β2 microglobulin and programmed death ligand-1 expression are prognostic factors in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. A recent report suggested that HLA class II expression is also an important prognostic factor for the clinical outcome of programmed death-1 blockade therapy in recurrent/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. This prompted us to evaluate HLA class II expression in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and to compare the findings with the patients’ clinicopathological features. Of the 132 biopsy specimens examined from newly diagnosed patients, lymphoma cells were positive for HLA class II expression in 44 patients (33.3%), whereas programmed death ligand-1 expression was observed on neoplastic cells from nine patients (6.9%) and on stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment in 83 cases (62.9%). HLA class II-positive cases showed a significantly better overall survival compared to the HLA class II-negative cases (P<0.0001). Patients positive for HLA class II and programmed death ligand-1 microenvironmental expression had significantly better prognosis than the other groups (P<0.0001). HLA class II-positive and HLA class II-negative groups also showed a significant difference in complete remission rate (P=0.0421), HLA class I/β2 microglobulin expression (P=0.0165), and the number of programmed death-1-positive tumor infiltrating cells (P=0.0020). HLA class II expression was a prognostic factor for overall survival both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P<0.0001 and P=0.0007, respectively). Our study reveals that HLA class II is a novel prognostic factor in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Naoko Asano
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Nagano Prefectural Shinshu Medical Center, Suzaka, Nagano
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka.,Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Eriko Yanagida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Mayuko Moritsubo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Michiko Nakata
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Takeshi Umeno
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Takaharu Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Satoru Komaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Hiroko Muta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
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Meng Q, Valentini D, Rao M, Moro CF, Paraschoudi G, Jäger E, Dodoo E, Rangelova E, Del Chiaro M, Maeurer M. Neoepitope targets of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:97-108. [PMID: 30377343 PMCID: PMC6325142 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer exhibits a poor prognosis and often presents with metastasis at diagnosis. Immunotherapeutic approaches targeting private cancer mutations (neoantigens) are a clinically viable option to improve clinical outcomes. METHODS 3/40 TIL lines (PanTT26, PanTT39, PanTT77) were more closely examined for neoantigen recognition. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify non-synonymous somatic mutations. Mutant peptides were synthesised and assessed for antigen-specific IFN-γ production and specific tumour killing in a standard Cr51 assay. TIL phenotype was tested by flow cytometry. Lymphocytes and HLA molecules in tumour tissue were visualised by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PanTT26 and PanTT39 TILs recognised and killed the autologous tumour cells. PanTT26 TIL recognised the KRASG12v mutation, while a PanTT39 CD4+ TIL clone recognised the neoepitope (GLLRYWRTERLF) from an aquaporin 1-like protein (gene: K7N7A8). Repeated stimulation of TILs with the autologous tumour cells line lead to focused recognition of several mutated targets, based on IFN-γ production. TILs and corresponding PBMCs from PanTT77 showed shared as well as mutually exclusively tumour epitope recognition (TIL-responsive or PBMC-responsive). CONCLUSION This study provides methods to robustly screen T-cell targets for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is immunogenic and immunotherapeutic approaches can be used to develop improved, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgia Paraschoudi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elke Jäger
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, Division of Oncology and Haematology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rangelova
- Department of Clinical Science, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Division of Surgery, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Department of Clinical Science, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Division of Surgery, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology/Haematology, KHNW, Frankfurt, Germany & ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
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39
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Zhang C, Ding H, Huang H, Palashati H, Miao Y, Xiong H, Lu Z. TCR repertoire intratumor heterogeneity of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in centers and margins of localized lung adenocarcinomas. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:818-827. [PMID: 30151844 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in different T-cell subsets and locations in lung adenocarcinomas was unclear. Here, we investigated percentages and TCR repertoire of freshly isolated CD4+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor centers and margins by flow cytometry on 80 tumor samples from 20 patients and high-throughput TCR sequencing on 27 and 25 samples of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs from seven patients. Our results demonstrated that amount and TCR repertoire diversity of CD4+ TILs were significantly higher than those of CD8+ TILs and moreover substantial ITH regarding amount and TCR repertoire of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs were observed. Additionally, ITH of CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and CD8+ TIL repertoire across center regions was lower than that across margin regions. The amount and TCR repertoire ITH of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs and mean clonality of CD8+ TILs in tumor centers were associated with relapse. Our study provides insights into amount and TCR repertoire ITH of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs in tumor centers and margins as well as corresponding association with prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients, suggesting potential clinical significance of TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoting Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Huirong Ding
- Core laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Core laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hongying Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 560 First Avenue, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Heyilimu Palashati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Research and Development Department, MyGenostics Inc. Beijing, China
| | - Hongchao Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zheming Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
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40
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Abstract
This review discusses the rapidly evolving field of immunotherapy research, focusing on the types of cancer antigens that can be recognised by the immune system and potential methods by which neoantigens can be exploited clinically to successfully target and clear tumour cells. Recent studies suggest that the likelihood of successful immunotherapeutic targeting of cancer will be reliant on immune response to neoantigens. This type of cancer-specific antigen arises from somatic variants that result in alteration of the expressed protein sequence. Massively parallel sequencing techniques now allow the rapid identification of these genomic mutations, and algorithms can be used to predict those that will be processed by the proteasome, bind to the transporter complex and encode peptides that bind strongly to individual MHC molecules. The emerging data from assessment of the immunogenicity of neoantigens suggests that only a minority of mutations will form targetable epitopes and therefore the potential for immunotherapeutic targeting will be greater in cancers with a higher frequency of protein-altering somatic variants. It is evident that neoantigens contribute to the success of some immunotherapeutic interventions and that there is significant scope for specific targeting of these antigens to develop new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia L Pritchard
- Genetics and Immunology Research Group, An Lòchran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK.
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41
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Djureinovic D, Dodig-Crnković T, Hellström C, Holgersson G, Bergqvist M, Mattsson JSM, Pontén F, Ståhle E, Schwenk JM, Micke P. Detection of autoantibodies against cancer-testis antigens in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018; 125:157-163. [PMID: 30429015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are defined as proteins that are specifically expressed in testis or placenta and their expression is frequently activated in cancer. Due to their ability to induce an immune response, CTAs may serve as suitable targets for immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is reactivity against CTAs in the plasma of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients through the detection of circulating antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS To comprehensively analyze autoantibodies against CTAs the multiplexing capacities of suspension bead array technology was used. Bead arrays were created with 120 protein fragments, representing 112 CTAs. Reactivity profiles were measured in plasma samples from 133 NSCLC patients and 57 cases with benign lung diseases. RESULTS Altogether reactivity against 69 antigens, representing 81 CTAs, was demonstrated in at least one of the analyzed samples. Twenty-nine of the antigens (45 CTAs) demonstrated exclusive reactivity in NSCLC samples. Reactivity against cancer-testis antigen family 47; member A (CT47A) genes, P antigen family member 3 (PAGE3), variable charge X-linked (VCX), melanoma antigen family B1 (MAGEB1), lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B) and chromosome 12 open reading frame 54 (C12orf54) were only found in NSCLC patients at a frequency of 1%-4%. The presence of autoantibodies towards these six antigens was confirmed in an independent group of 34 NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION We identified autoantibodies against CTAs in the plasma of lung cancer patients. The reactivity pattern of autoantibodies was higher in cancer patients compared to the benign group, stable over time, but low in frequency of occurrence. The findings suggest that some CTAs are immunogenic and that these properties can be utilized as immune targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Djureinovic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Hellström
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Georg Holgersson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Michael Bergqvist
- Department of Oncology, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences & Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Johanna S M Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth Ståhle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hutchison S, Pritchard AL. Identifying neoantigens for use in immunotherapy. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:714-730. [PMID: 30167844 PMCID: PMC6267674 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the types of cancer antigens that can be recognised by the immune system and form due to alterations in the cancer genome, including cancer testis, overexpressed and neoantigens. Specifically, neoantigens can form when cancer cell-specific mutations occur that result in alterations of the protein from ‘self’. This type of antigen can result in an immune response sufficient to clear tumour cells when activated. Furthermore, studies have reported that the likelihood of successful immunotherapeutic targeting of cancer by many different methods was reliant on immune response to neoantigens. The recent resurgence of interest in the immune response to tumour cells, in conjunction with technological advances, has resulted in a large increase in the predicted, identified and functionally confirmed neoantigens. This growth in identified neoantigen sequences has increased the contents of training sets for algorithms, which in turn improves the prediction of which genetic mutations may form neoantigens. Additionally, algorithms predicting how proteins will be processed into peptide epitopes by the proteasome and which peptides bind to the transporter complex are also improving with this research. Now that large screens of all the tumour-specific protein altering mutations are possible, the emerging data from assessment of the immunogenicity of neoantigens suggest that only a minority of variants will form targetable epitopes. The potential for immunotherapeutic targeting of neoantigens will therefore be greater in cancers with a higher frequency of protein altering somatic variants. There is considerable potential in the use of neoantigens to treat patients, either alone or in combination with other immunotherapies and with continued advancements, these potentials will be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hutchison
- Genetics and Immunology Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, An Lòchran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- Genetics and Immunology Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, An Lòchran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK.
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Kahles A, Lehmann KV, Toussaint NC, Hüser M, Stark SG, Sachsenberg T, Stegle O, Kohlbacher O, Sander C, Rätsch G. Comprehensive Analysis of Alternative Splicing Across Tumors from 8,705 Patients. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:211-224.e6. [PMID: 30078747 PMCID: PMC9844097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing across 32 The Cancer Genome Atlas cancer types from 8,705 patients detects alternative splicing events and tumor variants by reanalyzing RNA and whole-exome sequencing data. Tumors have up to 30% more alternative splicing events than normal samples. Association analysis of somatic variants with alternative splicing events confirmed known trans associations with variants in SF3B1 and U2AF1 and identified additional trans-acting variants (e.g., TADA1, PPP2R1A). Many tumors have thousands of alternative splicing events not detectable in normal samples; on average, we identified ≈930 exon-exon junctions ("neojunctions") in tumors not typically found in GTEx normals. From Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium data available for breast and ovarian tumor samples, we confirmed ≈1.7 neojunction- and ≈0.6 single nucleotide variant-derived peptides per tumor sample that are also predicted major histocompatibility complex-I binders ("putative neoantigens").
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kahles
- ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Zurich, Switzerland; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Computational Biology Department, New York, USA; University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Informatics Research, Zurich, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kjong-Van Lehmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Zurich, Switzerland; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Computational Biology Department, New York, USA; University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Informatics Research, Zurich, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora C Toussaint
- ETH Zurich, NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hüser
- ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Informatics Research, Zurich, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan G Stark
- ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Zurich, Switzerland; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Computational Biology Department, New York, USA; University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Informatics Research, Zurich, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Sachsenberg
- University of Tübingen, Department of Computer Science, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- University of Tübingen, Department of Computer Science, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Translational Bioinformatics, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chris Sander
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, cBio Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, CompBio Collaboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, USA
| | - Gunnar Rätsch
- ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Zurich, Switzerland; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Computational Biology Department, New York, USA; University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Informatics Research, Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Zurich, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland.
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44
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Paul S, Karosiene E, Dhanda SK, Jurtz V, Edwards L, Nielsen M, Sette A, Peters B. Determination of a Predictive Cleavage Motif for Eluted Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Ligands. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1795. [PMID: 30127785 PMCID: PMC6087742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have a major role in regulating immune responses. They are activated by recognition of peptides mostly generated from exogenous antigens through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II pathway. Identification of epitopes is important and computational prediction of epitopes is used widely to save time and resources. Although there are algorithms to predict binding affinity of peptides to MHC II molecules, no accurate methods exist to predict which ligands are generated as a result of natural antigen processing. We utilized a dataset of around 14,000 naturally processed ligands identified by mass spectrometry of peptides eluted from MHC class II expressing cells to investigate the existence of sequence signatures potentially related to the cleavage mechanisms that liberate the presented peptides from their source antigens. This analysis revealed preferred amino acids surrounding both N- and C-terminuses of ligands, indicating sequence-specific cleavage preferences. We used these cleavage motifs to develop a method for predicting naturally processed MHC II ligands, and validated that it had predictive power to identify ligands from independent studies. We further confirmed that prediction of ligands based on cleavage motifs could be combined with predictions of MHC binding, and that the combined prediction had superior performance. However, when attempting to predict CD4+ T cell epitopes, either alone or in combination with MHC binding predictions, predictions based on the cleavage motifs did not show predictive power. Given that peptides identified as epitopes based on CD4+ T cell reactivity typically do not have well-defined termini, it is possible that motifs are present but outside of the mapped epitope. Our attempts to take that into account computationally did not show any sign of an increased presence of cleavage motifs around well-characterized CD4+ T cell epitopes. While it is possible that our attempts to translate the cleavage motifs in MHC II ligand elution data into T cell epitope predictions were suboptimal, other possible explanations are that the cleavage signal is too diluted to be detected, or that elution data are enriched for ligands generated through an antigen processing and presentation pathway that is less frequently utilized for T cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinu Paul
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Edita Karosiene
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Jurtz
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lindy Edwards
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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45
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Cai W, Zhou D, Wu W, Tan WL, Wang J, Zhou C, Lou Y. MHC class II restricted neoantigen peptides predicted by clonal mutation analysis in lung adenocarcinoma patients: implications on prognostic immunological biomarker and vaccine design. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:582. [PMID: 30075702 PMCID: PMC6090856 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutant peptides presented by MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Class II in cancer are important targets for cancer immunotherapy. Both animal studies and clinical trials in cancer patients showed that CD4 T cells specific to tumor-derived mutant peptides are essential for the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy by PD1 antibody. Results In this study, we analyzed the next generation sequencing data of 147 lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and predicted neoantigens presented by MHC Class I and Class II molecules. We found 18,175 expressed clonal somatic mutations, with an average of 124 per patient. The presentation of mutant peptides by an HLA(human leukocyte antigen) Class II molecule, HLA DRB1, were predicted by NetMHCIIpan3.1. 8804 neo-peptides, including 375 strong binders and 8429 weak binders were found. For HLA DRB1*01:01, 54 strong binders and 896 weak binders were found. The most commonly mutated genes with predicted neo-antigens are KRAS, TTN, RYR2, MUC16, TP53, USH2A, ZFHX4, KEAP1, STK11, FAT3, NAV3 and EGFR. Conclusions Our results support the feasibility of discovering individualized HLA Class II presented mutant peptides as candidates for immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4958-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Cai
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dapeng Zhou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Weibo Wu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen Ling Tan
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiaqian Wang
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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46
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Chu Y, Liu Q, Wei J, Liu B. Personalized cancer neoantigen vaccines come of age. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:4238-4246. [PMID: 30128050 PMCID: PMC6096398 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have encountered their ideal personalized partner along with evidence for great breakthroughs in the identification and synthesis of neoantigens. Individual cancer neoantigen vaccines are capable of eliciting robust T-cell responses and have been demonstrated to achieve striking clinical efficacy due to their high immunogenicity and central thymic tolerance escape of neoantigens. Two recent phase I clinical trials have provided support for the hypothesis and have heralded a nascent era of personalized vaccines in the field of immunotherapy. This review aims to address the identification of neoepitopes and describes advances made in personalized vaccines. In addition, this review discusses the challenges related to the exploitation of vaccine therapy, and provides potential thoughts for the improvement of vaccine design and applications.
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47
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Guo Y, Lei K, Tang L. Neoantigen Vaccine Delivery for Personalized Anticancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1499. [PMID: 30013560 PMCID: PMC6036114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer neoantigens derived from random somatic mutations in tumor tissue represent an attractive type of targets for the cancer immunotherapies including cancer vaccine. Vaccination against the tumor-specific neoantigens minimizes the potential induction of central and peripheral tolerance as well as the risk of autoimmunity. Neoantigen-based cancer vaccines have recently showed marked therapeutic potential in both preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. However, significant challenges remain in the effective and faithful identification of immunogenic neoepitopes and the efficient and safe delivery of the subunit vaccine components for eliciting potent and robust anticancer T cell responses. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of the recent advances in the development of neoantigen-based cancer vaccines focusing on various vaccine delivery strategies for targeting and modulating antigen-presenting cells. We discuss current delivery approaches, including direct injection, ex vivo-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination, and biomaterial-assisted vaccination for enhancing the efficiency of neoantigen vaccines and present a perspective on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Guo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kewen Lei
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Lyu XM, Zhu XW, Zhao M, Zuo XB, Huang ZX, Liu X, Jiang T, Yang XX, Li X, Long XB, Wang JG, Li JB, Han MY, Wang S, Liu TF, Zhang B, Sun T, Cheng Z, Qiu MC, Dong L, Zheng L, Zhang LC, Wang JH, Wei GG, Yao K, Wang Q, Zheng HF, Li X. A regulatory mutant on TRIM26 conferring the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inducing low immune response. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3848-3861. [PMID: 29956500 PMCID: PMC6089173 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is most closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the complexity of its genome structure has proven challenging for the discovery of causal MHC loci or genes. We conducted a targeted MHC sequencing in 40 Cantonese NPC patients followed by a two‐stage replication in 1065 NPC cases and 2137 controls of Southern Chinese descendent. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect gene expression status in 108 NPC and 43 noncancerous nasopharyngeal (NP) samples. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to assess the transcription factor binding site. We discovered that a novel SNP rs117565607_A at TRIM26 displayed the strongest association (OR = 1.909, Pcombined = 2.750 × 10−19). We also observed that TRIM26 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissue samples with genotype AA/AT than TT. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) test also found the TRIM26 protein expression in NPC tissue samples with the genotype AA/AT was lower than TT. According to computational prediction, rs117565607 locus was a binding site for the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). We observed that the luciferase activity of YY1 which is binding to the A allele of rs117565607 was suppressed. ChIP data showed that YY1 was binding with T not A allele. Significance analysis of microarray suggested that TRIM26 downregulation was related to low immune response in NPC. We have identified a novel gene TRIM26 and a novel SNP rs117565607_A associated with NPC risk by regulating transcriptional process and established a new functional link between TRIM26 downregulation and low immune response in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Lyu
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Aging Research and the Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manli Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Xi Huang
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Beijing Genome Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Genome Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue-Xi Yang
- School of Biotechnology of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Bang Li
- Department of Pathology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Suzhou Science& Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Suzhou Science& Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mo-Chang Qiu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Hong Wang
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan-Guan Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Nanning, China
| | - Kaitai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Aging Research and the Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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