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Jia Y, Jia R, Dai Z, Zhou J, Ruan J, Chng W, Cai Z, Zhang X. Stress granules in cancer: Adaptive dynamics and therapeutic implications. iScience 2024; 27:110359. [PMID: 39100690 PMCID: PMC11295550 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs), membrane-less cellular organelles formed via liquid-liquid phase separation, are central to how cells adapt to various stress conditions, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, nutrient scarcity, and hypoxia. Recent studies have underscored a significant link between SGs and the process of tumorigenesis, highlighting that proteins, associated components, and signaling pathways that facilitate SG formation are often upregulated in cancer. SGs play a key role in enhancing tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while also inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating immune evasion, and driving metabolic reprogramming through multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, SGs have been identified as crucial elements in the development of resistance against chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy across a variety of cancer types. This review delves into the complex role of SGs in cancer development and resistance, bringing together the latest progress in the field and exploring new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ruyin Jia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhengfeng Dai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - WeeJoo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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2
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Blancas-Zugarazo SS, Langley E, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Exosomal lncRNAs as regulators of breast cancer chemoresistance and metastasis and their potential use as biomarkers. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1419808. [PMID: 39148900 PMCID: PMC11324554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1419808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of female deaths by cancer in the world worldwide. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with breast cancer development and progression, including drug resistance and breast cancer metastasis, is essential for achieving the best management of breast cancer patients. Cancer-related long noncoding RNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of each stage of breast cancer progression. Additionally, exosomes are extracellular microvesicles that are central to intercellular communication and play an important role in tumorigenesis. Exosomes can be released from primary tumor cells into the bloodstream and transmit cellular signals to distant body sites. In this work, we review the findings regarding the cellular mechanisms regulated by exosomal lncRNAs that are essentials to chemoresistance development and metastasis of breast cancer. Likewise, we evaluate the outcomes of the potential clinical use of exosomal lncRNAs as breast cancer biomarkers to achieve personalized management of the patients. This finding highlights the importance of transcriptomic analysis of exosomal lncRNAs to understand the breast cancer tumorigenesis as well as to improve the clinical tests available for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugela Susana Blancas-Zugarazo
- Cátedras CONAHCYT (Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnología) - Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Laboratorio de Cáncer Hormono Regulado, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Dheeraj A, Garcia Marques FJ, Tailor D, Bermudez A, Resendez A, Pandrala M, Grau B, Kumar P, Haley CB, Honkala A, Kujur P, Jeffrey SS, Pitteri S, Malhotra SV. Inhibition of protein translational machinery in triple-negative breast cancer as a promising therapeutic strategy. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101552. [PMID: 38729158 PMCID: PMC11148772 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a proto-oncogenic protein associated with protein translation regulation. It plays a crucial role in the development and progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we describe a promising approach to inhibit YB-1 using SU056, a small-molecule inhibitor. SU056 physically interacts with YB-1 and reduces its expression, which helps to restrain the progression of TNBC. Proteome profiling analysis indicates that the inhibition of YB-1 by SU056 can alter the proteins that regulate protein translation, an essential process for cancer cell growth. Preclinical studies on human cells, mice, and patient-derived xenograft tumor models show the effectiveness of SU056. Moreover, toxicological studies have shown that SU056 treatment and dosing are well tolerated without any adverse effects. Overall, our study provides a strong foundation for the further development of SU056 as a potential treatment option for patients with TNBC by targeting YB-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Dheeraj
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Jose Garcia Marques
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Angel Resendez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benedikt Grau
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carrsyn B Haley
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alexander Honkala
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Praveen Kujur
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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4
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Schelch K, Eder S, Zitta B, Phimmachanh M, Johnson TG, Emminger D, Wenninger‐Weinzierl A, Sturtzel C, Poplimont H, Ries A, Hoetzenecker K, Hoda MA, Berger W, Distel M, Dome B, Reid G, Grusch M. YB-1 regulates mesothelioma cell migration via snail but not EGFR, MMP1, EPHA5 or PARK2. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:815-831. [PMID: 36550787 PMCID: PMC10994239 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is characterized by rapid growth, local invasion, and limited therapeutic options. The multifunctional oncoprotein Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) is frequently overexpressed in cancer and its inhibition reduces aggressive behavior in multiple tumor types. Here, we investigated the effects of YB-1 on target gene regulation and PM cell behavior. Whereas siRNA-mediated YB-1 knockdown reduced cell motility, YB-1 overexpression resulted in scattering, increased migration, and intravasation in vitro. Furthermore, YB-1 stimulated PM cell spreading in zebrafish. Combined knockdown and inducible overexpression of YB-1 allowed bidirectional control and rescue of cell migration, the pattern of which was closely followed by the mRNA and protein levels of EGFR and the protein level of snail, whereas the mRNA levels of MMP1, EPHA5, and PARK2 showed partial regulation by YB-1. Finally, we identified snail as a critical regulator of YB-1-mediated cell motility in PM. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the aggressive nature of PM and highlights the important role of YB-1 in this cancer. In this context, we found that YB-1 closely regulates EGFR and snail, and, moreover, that YB-1-induced cell migration depends on snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schelch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Sebastian Eder
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Benjamin Zitta
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Monica Phimmachanh
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
- University of Technology SydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Thomas G. Johnson
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
- The University of SydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Dominik Emminger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | | | - Caterina Sturtzel
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Innovative Cancer ModelsViennaAustria
| | - Hugo Poplimont
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Innovative Cancer ModelsViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Ries
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | | | - Mir A. Hoda
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Martin Distel
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Innovative Cancer ModelsViennaAustria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaAustria
- National Koranyi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgerySemmelweis University and National Institute of OncologyBudapestHungary
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of PathologyDunedin School of MedicineNew Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins CentreUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
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5
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Dong H, Peng Z, Yu T, Xiong J. YB-1 Targeted by miR-509-3-5p Affects Migration and Invasion of Triple‑Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating Cellular Epithelial‑Mesenchymal Transition. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01101-0. [PMID: 38436906 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is closely linked to metastasis of breast cancer. This article elucidates the role of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) on the migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by regulating EMT, and the related mechanism. The expression data of YB-1 and miR-509-3-5p in TNBC samples and normal samples were downloaded from the GEO database. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of TNBC cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, transwell assay, and immunoblotting analyses. The targeted binding of YB-1 and miR-509-3-5p was validated by luciferase reporter experiment. A xenograft mouse model was constructed to investigate the influence of the miR-509-3-5p/YB-1 axis on TNBC tumor growth in vivo. YB-1 was overexpressed, while miR-509-3-5p was underexpressed in TNBC tumor tissues and various cell lines. Silencing YB-1 depressed cell viability, proliferation, motility, and EMT in vitro, and miR-509-3-5p upregulation exerted the same effects. YB-1 was targeted by miR-509-3-5p. The suppressive effects on the phenotypes of TNBC cells caused by overexpressed miR-509-3-5p were attenuated by YB-1 upregulation. In addition, miR-509-3-5p overexpression restrained TNBC tumor growth and downregulated the YB-1-mediated EMT process in vivo. YB-1 targeted by miR-509-3-5p affects motility of TNBC cells by regulating cellular EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zhengjie, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- Department of Lymphohematology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zhengjie, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330029, China.
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6
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Chua PJ, Ow SH, Ng CT, Huang WH, Low JT, Tan PH, Chan MWY, Bay BH. Peroxiredoxin 3 regulates breast cancer progression via ERK-mediated MMP-1 expression. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:59. [PMID: 38321552 PMCID: PMC10845805 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), a mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide scavenger, is known to be upregulated during tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we provide evidence for the first time that PRDX3 could regulate cellular signaling pathways associated with Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and activity in breast cancer progression. We show that shRNA-mediated gene silencing of PRDX3 inhibits cell migration and invasion in two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Reciprocal experiments show that PRDX3 overexpression promotes invasion and migration of the cancer cells, processes which are important in the metastatic cascade. Notably, this phenomenon may be attributed to the activation of MMP-1, which is observed to be upregulated by PRDX3 in the breast cancer cells. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissues revealed a positive correlation between PRDX3 and MMP-1 expression in both epithelial and stromal parts of the tissues. Further pathway reporter array and luciferase assay demonstrated that activation of ERK signaling is responsible for the transcriptional activation of MMP-1 in PRDX3-overexpressed cells. These findings suggest that PRDX3 could mediate cancer spread via ERK-mediated activation of MMP-1. Targeted inhibition of ERK signaling may be able to inhibit tumor metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore
| | - Suet-Hui Ow
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore
| | - Wan-Hong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Diseases Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Ting Low
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Diseases Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Luma Medical Centre, Royal Square, 329565, Singapore
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan.
- Epigenomics and Human Diseases Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan.
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore.
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Dinh NTM, Nguyen TM, Park MK, Lee CH. Y-Box Binding Protein 1: Unraveling the Multifaceted Role in Cancer Development and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:717. [PMID: 38255791 PMCID: PMC10815159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), a member of the Cold Shock Domain protein family, is overexpressed in various human cancers and is recognized as an oncogenic gene associated with poor prognosis. YBX1's functional diversity arises from its capacity to interact with a broad range of DNA and RNA molecules, implicating its involvement in diverse cellular processes. Independent investigations have unveiled specific facets of YBX1's contribution to cancer development. This comprehensive review elucidates YBX1's multifaceted role in cancer across cancer hallmarks, both in cancer cell itself and the tumor microenvironment. Based on this, we proposed YBX1 as a potential target for cancer treatment. Notably, ongoing clinical trials addressing YBX1 as a target in breast cancer and lung cancer have showcased its promise for cancer therapy. The ramp up in in vitro research on targeting YBX1 compounds also underscores its growing appeal. Moreover, the emerging role of YBX1 as a neural input is also proposed where the high level of YBX1 was strongly associated with nerve cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This review also summarized the up-to-date advanced research on the involvement of YBX1 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thi Minh Dinh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of BioHealthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
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8
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Jonas K, Prinz F, Ferracin M, Krajina K, Deutsch A, Madl T, Rinner B, Slaby O, Klec C, Pichler M. MiR-4646-5p Acts as a Tumor-Suppressive Factor in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Targets the Cholesterol Transport Protein GRAMD1B. Noncoding RNA 2023; 10:2. [PMID: 38250802 PMCID: PMC10801495 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and their deregulation contributes to many aspects of cancer development and progression. Thus, miRNAs provide insight into oncogenic mechanisms and represent promising targets for new therapeutic approaches. A type of cancer that is still in urgent need of improved treatment options is triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, we aimed to characterize a novel miRNA with a potential role in TNBC. Based on a previous study, we selected miR-4646-5p, a miRNA with a still unknown function in breast cancer. We discovered that higher expression of miR-4646-5p in TNBC patients is associated with better survival. In vitro assays showed that miR-4646-5p overexpression reduces growth, proliferation, and migration of TNBC cell lines, whereas inhibition had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we found that miR-4646-5p inhibits the tube formation ability of endothelial cells, which may indicate anti-angiogenic properties. By whole transcriptome analysis, we not only observed that miR-4646-5p downregulates many oncogenic factors, like tumor-promoting cytokines and migration- and invasion-related genes, but were also able to identify a direct target, the GRAM domain-containing protein 1B (GRAMD1B). GRAMD1B is involved in cellular cholesterol transport and its knockdown phenocopied the growth-reducing effects of miR-4646-5p. We thus conclude that GRAMD1B may partly contribute to the diverse tumor-suppressive effects of miR-4646-5p in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jonas
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.J.)
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Felix Prinz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.J.)
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katarina Krajina
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Klec
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.J.)
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.J.)
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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9
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Llinàs-Arias P, Ensenyat-Mendez M, Íñiguez-Muñoz S, Orozco JIJ, Valdez B, Salomon MP, Matsuba C, Solivellas-Pieras M, Bedoya-López AF, Sesé B, Mezger A, Ormestad M, Unzueta F, Strand SH, Boiko AD, Hwang ES, Cortés J, DiNome ML, Esteller M, Lupien M, Marzese DM. Chromatin insulation orchestrates matrix metalloproteinase gene cluster expression reprogramming in aggressive breast cancer tumors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:190. [PMID: 38017545 PMCID: PMC10683115 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that exhibits a high incidence of distant metastases and lacks targeted therapeutic options. Here we explored how the epigenome contributes to matrix metalloprotease (MMP) dysregulation impacting tumor invasion, which is the first step of the metastatic process. METHODS We combined RNA expression and chromatin interaction data to identify insulator elements potentially associated with MMP gene expression and invasion. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt the CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) binding site on an insulator element downstream of the MMP8 gene (IE8) in two TNBC cellular models. We characterized these models by combining Hi-C, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq with functional experiments to determine invasive ability. The potential of our findings to predict the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), was tested in data from clinical specimens. RESULTS We explored the clinical relevance of an insulator element located within the Chr11q22.2 locus, downstream of the MMP8 gene (IE8). This regulatory element resulted in a topologically associating domain (TAD) boundary that isolated nine MMP genes into two anti-correlated expression clusters. This expression pattern was associated with worse relapse-free (HR = 1.57 [1.06 - 2.33]; p = 0.023) and overall (HR = 2.65 [1.31 - 5.37], p = 0.005) survival of TNBC patients. After CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of IE8, cancer cells showed a switch in the MMP expression signature, specifically downregulating the pro-invasive MMP1 gene and upregulating the antitumorigenic MMP8 gene, resulting in reduced invasive ability and collagen degradation. We observed that the MMP expression pattern predicts DCIS that eventually progresses into invasive ductal carcinomas (AUC = 0.77, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates how the activation of an IE near the MMP8 gene determines the regional transcriptional regulation of MMP genes with opposing functional activity, ultimately influencing the invasive properties of aggressive forms of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - Miquel Ensenyat-Mendez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - Sandra Íñiguez-Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - Javier I J Orozco
- Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Betsy Valdez
- Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Matthew P Salomon
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chikako Matsuba
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Solivellas-Pieras
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - Andrés F Bedoya-López
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - Borja Sesé
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - Anja Mezger
- Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, 17665, Sweden
| | | | - Fernando Unzueta
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility Scientific and Technological Centres of University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Siri H Strand
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander D Boiko
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Javier Cortés
- Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Group, International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Barcelona, 08017, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research SL (MEDSIR), Barcelona, 08018, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, 28670, Spain
| | - Maggie L DiNome
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Ge W, Gong Y, Li Y, Wu N, Ruan Y, Xu T, Shu Y, Qiu W, Wang Y, Zhao C. IL-17 induces non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via GCN5-dependent SOX4 acetylation enhancing MMP9 gene transcription and expression. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1399-1416. [PMID: 37294072 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, can trigger the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying mechanism involved in IL-17-induced NSCLC cell metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we found that not only the expression of IL-17, IL-17RA, and/or general control nonrepressed protein 5 (GCN5), SRY-related HMG-BOX gene 4 (SOX4), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was increased in the NSCLC tissues and in the IL-17-stimulated NSCLC cells, but also IL-17 treatment could enhance NSCLC cell migration and invasion. Further mechanism exploration revealed that IL-17-upregulated GCN5 and SOX4 could bind to the same region (-915 to -712 nt) of downstream MMP9 gene promoter driving its gene transcription. In the process, GCN5 could mediate SOX4 acetylation at lysine 118 (K118, a newly identified site) boosting MMP9 gene expression as well as cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the SOX4 acetylation or MMP9 induction and metastatic nodule number in the lung tissues of the BALB/c nude mice inoculated with the NSCLC cells stably infected by corresponding LV-shGCN5 or LV-shSOX4, LV-shMMP9 plus IL-17 incubation were markedly reduced. Overall, our findings implicate that NSCLC metastasis is closely associated with IL-17-GCN5-SOX4-MMP9 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ge
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningxia Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Xing T, Hu Y, Wang H, Zou Q. A senescence-related signature for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer: A bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33739. [PMID: 37171330 PMCID: PMC10174404 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with diverse prognosis and treatment outcomes. Current gene signatures for prognostic prediction are limited to specific subtypes of breast cancer. Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that affects various physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to develop and validate a senescence-related signature for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. We retrieved 744 senescence-associated genes from the SeneQuest database and analyzed their expression profiles in 2 large datasets of breast cancer patients: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). We used univariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate Cox regression analysis to derive a 29-gene senescence-related risk signature. The risk signature was significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS), clinical characteristics, molecular subtypes, and immune checkpoint genes expressions in both datasets. The risk signature also stratified high-risk and low-risk patients within the same clinical stage and molecular subtype. The risk signature was an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. The senescence-related signature may be a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response of breast cancer patients. The risk signature may also guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, especially in hormone receptor positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)- subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang W, Rana PS, Markovic V, Sossey-Alaoui K. The WAVE3/β-catenin oncogenic signaling regulates chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:31. [PMID: 36949468 PMCID: PMC10035207 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer is responsible for the death of the majority of breast cancer patients. In fact, metastatic BC is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the USA and worldwide. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks expression of hormone receptors (ER-α and PR) and ErbB2/HER2, is especially lethal due to its highly metastatic behavior, propensity to recur rapidly, and for its resistance to standard of care therapies, through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. WAVE3 has been established as a promoter of TNBC development and metastatic progression. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms whereby WAVE3 promotes therapy-resistance and cancer stemness in TNBC, through the regulation of β-catenin stabilization. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was used to assess the expression of WAVE3 and β-catenin in breast cancer tumors. Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis was used to correlate expression of WAVE3 and β-catenin with breast cancer patients' survival probability. MTT assay was used to quantify cell survival. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, 2D and 3D tumorsphere growth and invasion assays, Immunofluorescence, Western blotting, Semi-quantitative and real-time quantitative PCR analyses were applied to study the WAVE3/β-catenin oncogenic signaling in TNBC. Tumor xenograft assays were used to study the role of WAVE3 in mediating chemotherapy resistance of TNBC tumors. RESULTS Genetic inactivation of WAVE3 in combination of chemotherapy resulted in inhibition of 2D growth and 3D tumorsphere formation and invasion of TNBC cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In addition, while re-expression of phospho-active WAVE3 in the WAVE3-deficient TNBC cells restored the oncogenic activity of WAVE3, re-expression of phospho-mutant WAVE3 did not. Further studies revealed that dual blocking of WAVE3 expression or phosphorylation in combination with chemotherapy treatment inhibited the activity and expression and stabilization of β-catenin. Most importantly, the combination of WAVE3-deficiency or WAVE3-phospho-deficiency and chemotherapy suppressed the oncogenic behavior of chemoresistant TNBC cells, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We identified a novel WAVE3/β-catenin oncogenic signaling axis that modulates chemoresistance of TNBC. This study suggests that a targeted therapeutic strategy against WAVE3 could be effective for the treatment of chemoresistant TNBC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Priyanka S Rana
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Vesna Markovic
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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13
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Gong W, Zhang S. YB1 participated in regulating mitochondrial activity through RNA replacement. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1145379. [PMID: 37035211 PMCID: PMC10076880 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1145379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a relic of ancient bacterial endosymbionts, mitochondria play a central role in cell metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, and other processes. However, the function of mitochondria-derived nucleic acids in cellular signal transduction has not been fully elucidated. Here, our work has found that Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1) maintained cellular autophagy at a moderate level to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, mitochondrial RNA was leaked into cytosol under starvation, accompanied by YB1 mitochondrial relocation, resulting in YB1-bound RNA replacement. The mRNAs encoded by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-associated genes and oncogene HMGA1 (high-mobility group AT-hook 1) were competitively replaced by mitochondria-derived tRNAs. The increase of free OXPHOS mRNAs released from the YB1 complex enhanced mitochondrial activity through facilitating translation, but the stability of HMGA1 mRNA was impaired without the protection of YB1, both contributing to breast cancer cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. Our finding not only provided a new potential target for breast cancer therapy but also shed new light on understanding the global landscape of cellular interactions between RNA-binding proteins and different RNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Song Zhang,
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14
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Lee J, Park NJY, Park HY, Kim WW, Kang B, Keum H, Kim HJ, Kim WH, Chae YS, Lee SJ, Lee IH, Park JY, Jung JH. Oncologic necessity for the complete removal of residual microcalcifications after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21535. [PMID: 36513704 PMCID: PMC9748126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical range of breast cancer that shows pathologic complete response (pCR) without change in microcalcifications after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is controversial. This study examined whole breast specimens to evaluate the necessity of mastectomy in those cases. The viability of cancer cells around the residual microcalcification was assessed using prospectively collected breast samples to confirm the presence or absence of cancer cells. A total of 144 patients with breast cancer and diffuse microcalcifications were classified into the reduced mass with no change in residual microcalcification (RESMIN, n = 49) and non-RESMIN (n = 95) groups. Five specimens were prospectively evaluated to assess the presence of viable cancer cells around the microcalcification. Tumor responses to NAC were significantly better with high pCR rates in the RESMIN group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002). The incidence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers was significantly high in the RESMIN group (p = 0.007). Although five (10.2%) patients had locoregional recurrence in the RESMIN group, no local recurrence in the breast was reported. Although pCR was highly estimated, residual cancers, including ductal carcinoma in situ, remained in 80% cases. Therefore, given the weak scientific evidence available currently, complete removal of residual microcalcifications should be considered for oncologic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yong Park
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Wook Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongju Kang
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Keum
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hwa Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hee Lee
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyang Jung
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea ,grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wu Q, Xu Y, Li X, Liu H, You T, Cai T, Yang F. YB-1 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting cell-intrinsic PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in breast cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 153:106314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Fischer F, Schumacher A, Meyer N, Fink B, Bauer M, Stojanovska V, Zenclussen AC. An old friend with a new face: YB-1 and its role in healthy pregnancy and pregnancy-associated complications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1039206. [PMID: 36330329 PMCID: PMC9624282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1039206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
By promoting tissue invasion, cell growth and angiogenesis, the Y-box binding protein (YB-1) became famous as multifunctional oncoprotein. However, this designation is telling only part of the story. There is one particular time in life when actual tumorigenic-like processes become undoubtedly welcome, namely pregnancy. It seems therefore reasonable that YB-1 plays also a crucial role in reproduction, and yet this biological aspect of the cold-shock protein has been overlooked for many years. To overcome this limitation, we would like to propose a new perspective on YB-1 and emphasize its pivotal functions in healthy pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications. Moreover, we will discuss findings obtained from cancer research in the light of reproductive events to elucidate the importance of YB-1 at the feto-maternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fischer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Beate Fink
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Violeta Stojanovska
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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17
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Zhang G, Li T, Tan G, Song Y, Liu Q, Wang K, Ai J, Zhou Z, Li W. Identity of
MMP1
and its effects on tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2516-2530. [PMID: 35426219 PMCID: PMC9189457 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gehou Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Tieqi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Yexun Song
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University Shaoyang China
| | - Jingang Ai
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head Neck Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
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18
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YB-1 as an Oncoprotein: Functions, Regulation, Post-Translational Modifications, and Targeted Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071217. [PMID: 35406781 PMCID: PMC8997642 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Y box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a protein with a highly conserved cold shock domain (CSD) that also belongs to the family of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins. YB-1 is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and plays versatile roles in gene transcription, RNA splicing, DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression, and immunity. Cumulative evidence suggests that YB-1 promotes the progression of multiple tumor types and serves as a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. This review comprehensively summarizes the emerging functions, mechanisms, and regulation of YB-1 in cancers, and further discusses targeted strategies.
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19
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YB1 associates with oncogenetic roles and poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3699. [PMID: 35260638 PMCID: PMC8904596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the malignant tumor arising from the nasopharynx epithelium with ethnic and geographical distribution preference. Y-box binding protein-1 (YB1) is the highly expressed DNA/RNA-binding protein with cold shock domain, and enhanced YB1 expression was proved to be associated with many kinds of malignant tumors. There is no systematic study about the regulation of YB1 and cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stress granules (SGs) in NPC, and the relationship between YB1 expression and clinical characteristics and prognosis of NPC patients. We analyzed the mRNA expression of YBX1 in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) and NPC in databases, investigated the functions of YB1 in cell proliferation, migration and invasion and SGs formation of NPC cells, and detected expression of YB1 protein in a large scale of NPC samples and analyzed their association with clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of NPC patients. YBX1 mRNA was significantly high expression in HNSC and NPC by bioinformatic analysis, and higher expression of YBX1 mRNA indicated poorer prognosis of HNSC patients. Clinically, the expression of YB1 in NPC tissues was significantly higher than these in the control nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. We further found that the expression of YB1 had an evidently positive relation with advanced clinical stages of patients with NPC. The overall survival rates (OS) were significantly lower for NPC patients with positive expression of YB1. Multivariate analysis confirmed that positive expression of YB1 was the independent poorer prognostic factor for patients with NPC. Moreover, compared with the immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line (NP69), the basal level of YB1 in NPC cell lines was significantly higher. Knocking down YB1 may inhibit Akt/mTOR pathway in NPC cells. Knocking down YB1 by small interfering RNAs can reduce the ability of proliferation, migration, invasion and SGs formation of NPC cells. The expression of YB1 in NPC cell lines or patients with NPC was significantly higher. The high expression of YB1 protein may act as one valuable independent biomarker to predict poor prognosis for patients with NPC. Knocking down YB1 may release the malignant phenotype of NPC cells.
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20
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Lin Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Guo W, Chen L, Chen M, Chen X, Zhang W, Jin X, Jiang M, Xiao H, Wang C, Song C, Fu F. CTPS1 promotes malignant progression of triple-negative breast cancer with transcriptional activation by YBX1. J Transl Med 2022; 20:17. [PMID: 34991621 PMCID: PMC8734240 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytidine nucleotide triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1) is a CTP synthase which play critical roles in DNA synthesis. However, its biological regulation and mechanism in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not been reported yet. Methods The expression of CTPS1 in TNBC tissues was determined by GEO, TCGA databases and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of CTPS1 on TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and tumorigenesis were explored in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the transcription factor Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) was identified by bioinformatics methods, dual luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assays. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to assess the association between YBX1 and CTPS1 expression. Results CTPS1 expression was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Higher CTPS1 expression was correlated with a poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in TNBC patients. Silencing of CTPS1 dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion ability and induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 cells. Xenograft tumor model also indicated that CTPS1 knockdown remarkably reduced tumor growth in mice. Mechanically, YBX1 could bind to the promoter of CTPS1 to promote its transcription. Furthermore, the expression of YBX1 was positively correlated with CTPS1 in TNBC tissues. Rescue experiments confirmed that the enhanced cell proliferation and invasion ability induced by YBX1 overexpression could be reversed by CTPS1 knockdown. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that YBX1/CTPS1 axis plays an important role in the progression of TNBC. CTPS1 might be a promising prognosis biomarker and potential therapeutic target for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03206-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Minyan Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenzhe Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuan Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meichen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. .,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Chuangui Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. .,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Fangmeng Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29, Xin Quan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China. .,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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21
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YB1 Is a Major Contributor to Health Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246262. [PMID: 34944882 PMCID: PMC8699660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a devastating disease that affects many women, due to the lack of FDA-approved targeted therapy. In the absence of cell surface receptors ER, PR, and Her2 that can be targeted with hormonal and antibody treatments, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the major course of treatment, with a dismal response and rapid recurrence due to the acquisition of resistance. TNBC is also twice as more prevalent in African American (AA) when compared to Caucasian American (CA) women. This study investigated the role of the YB1 gene in the disparities in TNBC between AA and CA women. We found that YB1 is highly expressed in TNBC tumors of AA origin when compared to CAs. Increased expression levels and activity of YB1 correlates with poor disease outcomes, resistance to chemotherapy, and the activation of the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, with higher levels in AA than in CA TNBC tumors. More importantly, we found that the targeted inhibition of the expression and activity of YB1 significantly inhibited the oncogenic behavior of AA tumors through sensitization to chemotherapy and inhibition of CSCs. Our study is the first to show that YB1 activity may be a major biological contributor to the health disparities in TNBC, and that development of therapies that specifically target YB1 could reduce these disparities. Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive amongst all breast cancer (BC) subtypes. While TNBC tumors represent less than 20% of all BC subtypes, they are responsible for the most BC-related deaths. More significantly, when considering TNBC incidence across all racial/ethnic groups, TNBC accounts for less than 20% of all BCs. However, in non-Hispanic black women, the incidence rate of TNBC is more than 40%, which may be a contributing factor to the higher BC-related death rate in this population. These disparities remain strong even after accounting for differences in socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and lifestyle factors. Increased evidence now points to biological mechanisms that are intrinsic to the tumor that contribute to disparate TNBC disease burdens. Here, we show that YB1, a multifunction gene, plays a major role in the TNBC disparities between African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) women. We show in three independent TNBC tumors cohorts, that YB1 is significantly highly expressed in AA TNBC tumors when compared to CAs, and that increased levels of YB1 correlate with poor survival of AA patients with TNBC. We used a combination of genetic manipulation of YB1 and chemotherapy treatment, both in vitro and in animal models of TNBC to show that YB1 oncogenic activity is more enhanced in TNBC cell lines of AA origin, by increasing their tumorigenic and aggressive behaviors, trough the activation of cancer stem cell phenotype and resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments.
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22
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Yang JW, Sun C, Jin QY, Qiao XH, Guo XL. Potential therapeutic strategies for targeting Y-box-binding protein 1 in cancers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:897-906. [PMID: 34465278 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210831125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most conservative proteins in evolution, Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) has long been considered as a potential cancer target. YB-1 is usually poorly expressed in normal cells and exerts cellular physiological functions such as DNA repair, pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA stabilizing. In cancer cells, the expression of YB-1 is up-regulated and undergoes nuclear translocation and contributes to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, invasion, migration and chemotherapy drug resistance. During the past decades, a variety of pharmacological tools such as siRNA, shRNA, microRNA, circular RNA, lncRNA and various compounds have been developed to target YB-1 for cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the physiological characteristics of YB-1 in detail, highlight the role of YB-1 in tumors and summarize the current therapeutic methods for targeting YB-1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Qiu-Yang Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Xing-Hui Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012. China
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23
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Prognostic Value of a Glycolytic Signature and Its Regulation by Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081890. [PMID: 34440660 PMCID: PMC8392807 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer as it shows a high capacity for metastasis and poor prognoses. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and aberrant glycolysis was reported to be upregulated in TNBC. Thus, identifying metabolic biomarkers for diagnoses and investigating cross-talk between glycolysis and invasiveness could potentially enable the development of therapeutics for patients with TNBC. In order to determine novel and reliable metabolic biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes of TNBC, we analyzed transcriptome levels of glycolysis-related genes in various subtypes of breast cancer from public databases and identified a distinct glycolysis gene signature, which included ENO1, SLC2A6, LDHA, PFKP, PGAM1, and GPI, that was elevated and associated with poorer prognoses of TNBC patients. Notably, we found a transcription factor named Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) to be strongly associated with this glycolysis gene signature, and it was overexpressed in TNBC. A mechanistic study further validated that YBX1 was upregulated in TNBC cell lines, and knockdown of YBX1 suppressed expression of those glycolytic genes. Moreover, YBX1 expression was positively associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in breast cancer patients, and suppression of YBX1 downregulated expressions of EMT-related genes and tumor migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 TNBC cells. Our data revealed an YBX1-glycolysis-EMT network as an attractive diagnostic marker and metabolic target in TNBC patients.
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24
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Long non-coding RNA MIR200CHG promotes breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance by interacting with and stabilizing YB-1. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:94. [PMID: 34272387 PMCID: PMC8285504 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been identified as key regulators of tumorigenesis and development. We aim to explore the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA MIR200CHG in breast cancer. We found that MIR200CHG is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and is related to the tumor size and histopathological grade. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that MIR200CHG can promote breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. MIR200CHG directly binds to the transcription factor Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1), and inhibits its ubiquitination and degradation. MIR200CHG regulates YB-1 phosphorylation at serine 102, thereby affecting the expression of genes related to tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and drug resistance. Additionally, MIR200CHG partially affects the expression of miR-200c/141-3p encoded by its intron region. Therefore, MIR200CHG can promote the proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of breast cancer by interacting with and stabilizing YB-1, and has the potential to become a target for breast cancer treatment.
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25
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Kong X, Li J, Li Y, Duan W, Qi Q, Wang T, Yang Q, Du L, Mao H, Wang C. A novel long non-coding RNA AC073352.1 promotes metastasis and angiogenesis via interacting with YBX1 in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:670. [PMID: 34218256 PMCID: PMC8254808 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the major cause of cancer death worldwide in women. Patients with metastasis have poor prognosis and the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis are not completely understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have crucial roles in breast cancer development and progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which lncRNA-driven breast cancer metastasis are unknown. The main objective of this paper is to explore a functional lncRNA and its mechanisms in breast cancer. Here we identified a novel lncRNA AC073352.1 that was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and was associated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, AC073352.1 was found to promote the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and enhance breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we elucidated that AC073352.1 interacted with YBX1 and stabilized its protein expression. Knock down of YBX1 reduced breast cancer cell migration and invasion and could partially reverse the stimulative effects of AC073352.1 overexpressed on breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, AC073352.1 might be packaged into exosomes by binding to YBX1 in breast cancer cells resulting in angiogenesis. Collectively, our results demonstrated that AC073352.1 promoted breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis via binding YBX1, and it could serve as a promising, novel biomarker for prognosis and a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weili Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuchen Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiting Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,The Clinical Research Center of Shandong Province for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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26
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Alkrekshi A, Wang W, Rana PS, Markovic V, Sossey-Alaoui K. A comprehensive review of the functions of YB-1 in cancer stemness, metastasis and drug resistance. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110073. [PMID: 34224843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Y Box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a member of the highly conserved Cold Shock Domain protein family with multifunctional properties both in the cytoplasm and inside the nucleus. YB-1 is also involved in various cellular functions, including regulation of transcription, mRNA stability, and splicing. Recent studies have associated YB-1 with the regulation of the malignant phenotypes in several tumor types. In this review article, we provide an in-depth and expansive review of the literature pertaining to the multiple physiological functions of YB-1. We will also review the role of YB-1 in cancer development, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance in various malignancies, with more weight on literature published in the last decade. The methodology included querying databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for Y box binding protein 1, YB-1, YBX1, and Y-box-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Alkrekshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.; MetroHealth Medical Center, Rammelkamp Center for Research, R457, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.; MetroHealth Medical Center, Rammelkamp Center for Research, R457, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Priyanka Shailendra Rana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.; MetroHealth Medical Center, Rammelkamp Center for Research, R457, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Vesna Markovic
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Rammelkamp Center for Research, R457, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.; MetroHealth Medical Center, Rammelkamp Center for Research, R457, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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27
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Sun X, Liu D, Ge N, Guo J, Wang S, Liu X, Wang G, Sun S. Recent Advances in the Potential Use of Circular RNA for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4251-4262. [PMID: 34093039 PMCID: PMC8168960 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s308809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few biomarkers available for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of pancreatic cancer. In addition, the development of targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer is an unmet need due to the lack of molecular targets. With the continuous progress in circular RNA (circRNA)-related research, its role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer has been discovered and gradually recognized. Therefore, circRNA may represent a novel marker for early diagnosis of this disease and a focus of targeted clinical therapy. CircRNA is a type of non-coding RNA with a closed circular structure formed by covalent bonds. Some circRNAs can act as “sponges” to adsorb microRNAs (miRNAs) and play the role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to remove their inhibitory effects on the target genes of miRNA. Thus, they can indirectly restore the expression of target genes. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network plays a regulatory role in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and other biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer. Given the recent advances in circRNA, this review seeks to provide an overview of the biological function of circRNA and highlights the recent research progress regarding the molecular mechanism of circRNA for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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28
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Song S, He X, Wang J, Song H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Miao D, Xue Y. A novel long noncoding RNA, TMEM92-AS1, promotes gastric cancer progression by binding to YBX1 to mediate CCL5. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1256-1273. [PMID: 33247987 PMCID: PMC8024739 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with oncogene properties play vital roles in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of TMEM92-AS1 in GC progression and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. TMEM92-AS1 was filtered from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were used to detect the expression level of TMEM92-AS1. MTT, colony-formation assays, Edu, cell cycle, apoptosis and subcutaneous tumour formation assays were used to detect the role of TMEM92-AS1 in cell function. RNA transcriptome sequencing was used to seek downstream target genes. Reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR, western blot, RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the mechanisms involved. TMEM92-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues and correlated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Furthermore, TMEM92-AS1 promoted GC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumorigenic ability in vivo. RNA transcriptome sequence analysis revealed a potential downstream target gene, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and a mechanistic study found that TMEM92-AS1 regulated CCL5 by binding to the transcription factor Y-box binding protein 1(YBX1), which has oncogene properties. In addition, TMEM92-AS1 was found to be associated with peripheral blood leukocyte counts, especially neutrophils. Further investigation found that TMEM92-AS1 may affect leukocytes via regulation of the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in GC tissues. Our data provide an in-depth insight into the mechanism behind the lncRNA TMEM92-AS1, how it promotes GC progression and the possible mechanism in affecting peripheral leukocyte counts. Therefore, TMEM92-AS1 is a potential target for GC individualized therapy and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyThe Research Centre for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineThe Research Centre for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Hongtao Song
- Department of PathologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Yansong Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhengbo Zhou
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Centre for AgeingFriendship Affiliated Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
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29
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Tong L, Yang H, Xiong W, Tang G, Zu X, Qi L. circ_100984-miR-432-3p axis regulated c-Jun/YBX-1/β-catenin feedback loop promotes bladder cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1429-1442. [PMID: 33314480 PMCID: PMC8019231 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed to participate in BC progression with diverse mechanisms. However, mechanisms of circ_100984 in BC have not been determined. Here, we found that circ_100984 and YBX‐1 were high presented, while miR‐432‐3p was low presented in BC. Silencing of circ_100984 and YBX‐1 repressed BC tumor growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we revealed that circ_100984 served as a competing endogenous RNA that sponged miR‐432‐3p to indirectly regulate YBX‐1 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related molecules. Moreover, we confirmed that YBX‐1 or c‐Jun acted as a transcription regulatory factor for β‐catenin or YBX‐1, respectively, in BC cells. Knockdown of YBX‐1 inhibited the expression of β‐catenin and c‐Jun, whereas downregulated c‐Jun inversely repressed the expression of YBX‐1 and β‐catenin. Our results suggested that circ_100984‐miR‐432‐3p axis regulated c‐Jun/YBX‐1/β‐catenin feedback loop promotes BC progression, providing a potential therapeutic axis for BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tong
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guyu Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Bizinelli D, Flores Navarro F, Lima Costa Faldoni F. Maca Root ( Lepidium meyenii) Extract Increases the Expression of MMP-1 and Stimulates Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:346-356. [PMID: 33560149 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1882511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Maca root (Lepidium meyenii) extract is a worldwide consumed food supplement for sexual dysfunctions, increasing sperm production and its motility, and alleviating menopausal symptoms. Once maca root has a role in cell proliferation and motility, and its consumption may increase along with age, mainly in menopausal women, we aimed to investigate the plant effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Standardized maca root powdered extract showed significant cytotoxic activity in both MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells, and the IC50s were 2000 μg/ml and 3000 μg/ml, respectively. Both cell lines showed an increase in migratory capacity. Using bioinformatics tools, we established genes involved in the metastatic process, CAV1, LAMA4, and MMP-1, and the mRNAs expression was assessed by qPCR. Comparing the treated cells to the negative control, CAV1 presented a decreased expression by 2-fold in MDA-MB-231. LAMA4 presented a decrease by 4-fold in Hs578T cells. MMP-1 showed substantially increase mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 by 86-fold and in Hs578T by 5-fold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study indicating that the human consumption of maca may be dangerous due to the upregulation in MMP-1 expression and the increase in TNBC migrated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bizinelli
- University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Lima Costa Faldoni
- University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pham TP, Bink DI, Stanicek L, van Bergen A, van Leeuwen E, Tran Y, Matic L, Hedin U, Wittig I, Dimmeler S, Boon RA. Long Non-coding RNA Aerrie Controls DNA Damage Repair via YBX1 to Maintain Endothelial Cell Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619079. [PMID: 33505972 PMCID: PMC7829583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by many physiological changes. These changes can progressively lead to many types of cardiovascular diseases. During this process blood vessels lose their ability to maintain vascular homeostasis, ultimately resulting in hypertension, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Increase in DNA damage is one of the hallmarks of aging and can be repaired by the DNA signaling and repair system. In our study we show that long non-coding RNA Aerrie (linc01013) contributes to the DNA signaling and repair mechanism. Silencing of Aerrie in endothelial cells impairs angiogenesis, migration, and barrier function. Aerrie associates with YBX1 and together they act as important factors in DNA damage signaling and repair. This study identifies Aerrie as a novel factor in genomic stability and as a binding partner of YBX1 in responding to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phát Pham
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diewertje I. Bink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Stanicek
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anke van Bergen
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esmee van Leeuwen
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Tran
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
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Banerjee S, Kalyani Yabalooru SR, Karunagaran D. Identification of mRNA and non-coding RNA hubs using network analysis in organ tropism regulated triple negative breast cancer metastasis. Comput Biol Med 2020; 127:104076. [PMID: 33126129 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive in nature, resistant to conventional therapy and often ends in organ specific metastasis. In this study, publicly available datasets were used to identify miRNA, mRNA and lncRNA hubs. Using validated mRNA-miRNA, mRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA interaction information obtained from various databases, RNA interaction networks for TNBC and its subtype specific as well as organ tropism regulated metastasis were generated. Further, miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA triad classification was performed using social network analysis from subnetworks and visualized using Cytoscape. Survival analysis of the RNA hubs, oncoprint analysis for mRNAs and pathway analysis of the lncRNAs were also performed. Results indicated that two lncRNAs (NEAT1 and CASC7) and four miRNAs (hsa-miR-106b-5p, hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-25-3p and hsa-let-7i-5p) were common between hubs identified in TNBC and TNBC associated metastasis. The exclusive hubs for TNBC associated metastasis were hsa-miR-200b-3p, SP1, HSPA4 and RAB1B. HMGA1 was the top ranked hub in mesenchymal subtype associated lung metastasis, while hsa-miR-27a-3p was identified as the top ranked hub mRNA in luminal androgen receptor subtype associated bone metastasis. When lncRNA associated pathway analysis was performed, Hs Cytoplasmic Ribosomal Protein pathway was found to be the most significant and among the selected hubs, CTNND1, SON and hsa-miR-29c emerged as TNBC survival markers. TP53, FOXA1, MTDH and HDGF were found as the top ranked mRNAs in oncoprint analysis. The pipeline proposed for the first time in this study with validated RNA interaction data integration and graph-based learning for miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA triad classification from RNA hubs may aid experimental cost reduction and its successful execution will allow it to be extended to other diseases too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Surya Radhika Kalyani Yabalooru
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Devarajan Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India.
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Sangermano F, Delicato A, Calabrò V. Y box binding protein 1 (YB-1) oncoprotein at the hub of DNA proliferation, damage and cancer progression. Biochimie 2020; 179:205-216. [PMID: 33058958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Y Box binding protein 1 (YB-1) belongs to the highly conserved Cold Shock Domain protein family and is a major component of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) in various organisms and cells. Cold Shock proteins are multifunctional nucleic acids binding proteins involved in a variety of cellular functions. Biological activities of YB-1 range from the regulation of transcription, splicing and translation, to the orchestration of exosomal RNA content. The role of YB-1 in malignant cell transformation and fate transition is the subject of intensive investigation. Besides, emerging evidence indicates that YB-1 participates in several DNA damage repair pathways as a non-canonical DNA repair factor thus pointing out that the protein can allow cancer cells to evade conventional anticancer therapies and avoid cell death. Here, we will attempt to collect and summarize the current knowledge on this subject and provide the basis for further lines of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonella Delicato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Liu J, Qu L, Wan C, Xiao M, Ni W, Jiang F, Fan Y, Lu C, Ni R. A novel β2-AR/YB-1/β-catenin axis mediates chronic stress-associated metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:84. [PMID: 32973139 PMCID: PMC7515897 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signalling is strongly associated with tumour progression by the coupling of β-ARs with either a G protein or β-arrestin; however, the related mechanism underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis is not clear. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) interacts with β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) following stimulation with the agonist isoproterenol (ISO). Clinicopathological analysis demonstrated that β2-AR is significantly correlated with YB-1, which favours the progression of HCC. The binding of YB-1 with β2-AR resulted in YB-1 phosphorylation at serine 102 (S102) via the β-arrestin-1-dependent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, followed by the translocation of YB-1 to the nucleus to carry out its tumour-related function. β2-AR-mediated activation of YB-1 facilitated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HCC metastasis. The interference of YB-1 expression significantly attenuated liver tumour metastasis induced by chronic stress. Analysis of the transcriptional profile and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified β-catenin as a crucial target of YB-1. Our results unveiled a novel β2-AR-mediated regulatory axis in HCC metastasis that might be helpful for the development of HCC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lishuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenkai Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Enhanced YB1/EphA2 axis signaling promotes acquired resistance to sunitinib and metastatic potential in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:6113-6128. [PMID: 32814829 PMCID: PMC7498371 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
VHL mutations are the most common tumorigenic lesions in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and result in continued activation of the HIF/VEGF pathway and uncontrolled cancer progression. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors such as sunitinib have been demonstrated to target tumorigenic signaling pathways, delay tumor progression, and improve patient prognosis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Although several mechanisms of sunitinib resistance have been reported, the solutions to overcome this resistance remain unclear. In our study, we found that increased expression of Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1, a multidrug resistance associated protein) and EphA2 (a member of the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptor family, belonging to the RTK family) mediated sunitinib resistance and mRCC exhibited a large phenotypic dependence on YB1 and EphA2. In addition, our findings confirm that YB1 promotes the invasion, metastasis and sunitinib resistance of ccRCC by regulating the EphA2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of EphA2 through the small molecule inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 reduced the proliferation of sunitinib-resistant tumor cells, suppressed tumor growth in vivo, and restored the sensitivity of sunitinib-resistant tumor cells to sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, YB1 increases the protein levels of EphA2 by maintaining the protein stability of EphA2 through inhibition of the proteasomal degradation pathway. Collectively, our findings provide the theoretical rationale that ccRCC metastasis and RTK-directed therapeutic resistance could be prospectively and purposefully targeted.
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Kosnopfel C, Sinnberg T, Sauer B, Niessner H, Muenchow A, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Mertens PR, Garbe C, Thakur BK, Schittek B. Tumour Progression Stage-Dependent Secretion of YB-1 Stimulates Melanoma Cell Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082328. [PMID: 32824741 PMCID: PMC7464723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted factors play an important role in intercellular communication. Therefore, they are not only indispensable for the regulation of various physiological processes but can also decisively advance the development and progression of tumours. In the context of inflammatory disease, Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is actively secreted and the extracellular protein promotes cell proliferation and migration. In malignant melanoma, intracellular YB-1 expression increases during melanoma progression and represents an unfavourable prognostic marker. Here, we show active secretion of YB-1 from melanoma cells as opposed to benign cells of the skin. Intriguingly, YB-1 secretion correlates with the stage of melanoma progression and depends on a calcium- and ATP-dependent non-classical secretory pathway leading to the occurrence of YB-1 in the extracellular space as a free protein. Along with an elevated YB-1 secretion of melanoma cells in the metastatic growth phase, extracellular YB-1 exerts a stimulating effect on melanoma cell migration, invasion, and tumourigenicity. Collectively, these data suggest that secreted YB-1 plays a functional role in melanoma cell biology, stimulating metastasis, and may serve as a novel biomarker in malignant melanoma that reflects tumour aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-931-20126778 (C.K.); +49-7071-29-80832 (B.S.)
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Alina Muenchow
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-931-20126778 (C.K.); +49-7071-29-80832 (B.S.)
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Johnson TG, Schelch K, Lai K, Marzec KA, Kennerson M, Grusch M, Reid G, Burgess A. YB-1 Knockdown Inhibits the Proliferation of Mesothelioma Cells through Multiple Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2285. [PMID: 32823952 PMCID: PMC7464182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional oncoprotein that has been shown to regulate proliferation, invasion and metastasis in a variety of cancer types. We previously demonstrated that YB-1 is overexpressed in mesothelioma cells and its knockdown significantly reduces tumour cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the mechanisms driving these effects are unclear. Here, we utilised an unbiased RNA-seq approach to characterise the changes to gene expression caused by loss of YB-1 knockdown in three mesothelioma cell lines (MSTO-211H, VMC23 and REN cells). Bioinformatic analysis showed that YB-1 knockdown regulated 150 common genes that were enriched for regulators of mitosis, integrins and extracellular matrix organisation. However, each cell line also displayed unique gene expression signatures, that were differentially enriched for cell death or cell cycle control. Interestingly, deregulation of STAT3 and p53-pathways were a key differential between each cell line. Using flow cytometry, apoptosis assays and single-cell time-lapse imaging, we confirmed that MSTO-211H, VMC23 and REN cells underwent either increased cell death, G1 arrest or aberrant mitotic division, respectively. In conclusion, this data indicates that YB-1 knockdown affects a core set of genes in mesothelioma cells. Loss of YB-1 causes a cascade of events that leads to reduced mesothelioma proliferation, dependent on the underlying functionality of the STAT3/p53-pathways and the genetic landscape of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Johnson
- The Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Concord Hospital, Concord, Sydney 2139, Australia;
- The ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia; (K.L.); (K.A.M.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Concord Clinical School, Sydney 2139, Australia
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Research Centre, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Kaitao Lai
- The ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia; (K.L.); (K.A.M.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Concord Clinical School, Sydney 2139, Australia
| | - Kamila A. Marzec
- The ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia; (K.L.); (K.A.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Marina Kennerson
- The ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia; (K.L.); (K.A.M.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Concord Clinical School, Sydney 2139, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Burgess
- The ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia; (K.L.); (K.A.M.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Concord Clinical School, Sydney 2139, Australia
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Wong CH, Lou UK, Li Y, Chan SL, Tong JH, To KF, Chen Y. CircFOXK2 Promotes Growth and Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Complexing with RNA-Binding Proteins and Sponging MiR-942. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2138-2149. [PMID: 32217695 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detailed biological functions of circular RNA (circRNA) are largely unexplored. Using circRNA sequencing, we identified 169 differentially expressed circRNA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells compared with nontumor human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Among them, circFOXK2 was validated with significant upregulation in PDAC cells and 63% of primary tumors (53 of 84). circFOXK2 promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion and was involved in cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. circFOXK2 contained multiple miRNA binding sites, functioning as a sponge for miR-942, which in turn promoted expression of ANK1, GDNF, and PAX6. A novel and highly specific circRNA-pulldown followed by mass spectrometry analysis identified 94 circFOXK2-interacting proteins, which were involved in cell adhesion, mRNA splicing, and structural molecule activity. Of these, circFOKX2 interactions with YBX1 and hnRNPK enhanced expression of oncogenes NUF2 and PDXK. Knockdown of circFOXK2 reduced binding of YBX1 and hnRNPK to NUF2 and PDXK, in turn decreasing their expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that circFOXK2 in complex with YBX1 and hnRNPK promotes expression of oncogenic proteins that contribute to PDAC progression. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals a prominent role for the circRNA circFOXK2 in PDAC progression, suggesting that circFOXK2 might be a novel diagnostic marker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Ut Kei Lou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Youjia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Joanna Hm Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Wang L, Wang P, Su X, Zhao B. Circ_0001658 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells via regulating miR‐382‐5p/YB‐1 axis. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:77-86. [PMID: 31758574 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsShangluo Central Hospital Shangluo Shanxi Province China
| | - Pengbin Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsShangluo Central Hospital Shangluo Shanxi Province China
| | - Xiujun Su
- Department of OrthopaedicsShangluo Central Hospital Shangluo Shanxi Province China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of OrthopaedicsShangluo Central Hospital Shangluo Shanxi Province China
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Radiation and Stemness Phenotype May Influence Individual Breast Cancer Outcomes: The Crucial Role of MMPs and Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111781. [PMID: 31726667 PMCID: PMC6896076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the mainstay treatments for cancer but in some cases is not effective. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor can be responsible for recurrence and metastasis after RT. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), regulated mainly by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), may also contribute to tumor development by modifying its activity after RT. The aim of this work was to study the effects of RT on the expression of MMPs, TIMPs and HDACs on different cell subpopulations in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cell lines. We assessed the in vitro expression of these genes in different 3D culture models and induced tumors in female NSG mice by orthotopic xenotransplants. Our results showed that gene expression is related to the cell subpopulation studied, the culture model used and the single radiation dose administered. Moreover, the crucial role played by the microenvironment in terms of cell interactions and CSC plasticity in tumor growth and RT outcome is also shown, supporting the use of higher doses (6 Gy) to achieve better control of tumor development.
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