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Lessey BA, Dong A, Deaton JL, Angress D, Savaris RF, Walker SJ. Inflammatory Changes after Medical Suppression of Suspected Endometriosis for Implantation Failure: Preliminary Results. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6852. [PMID: 38999962 PMCID: PMC11241468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Unexplained euploid embryo transfer failure (UEETF) is a frustrating and unanswered conundrum accounting for 30 to 50% of failures in in vitro fertilization using preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Endometriosis is thought by many to account for most of such losses and menstrual suppression or surgery prior to the next transfer has been reported to be beneficial. In this study, we performed endometrial biopsy in a subset of women with UEETF, testing for the oncogene BCL6 and the histone deacetylase SIRT1. We compared 205 PGT-A cycles outcomes and provide those results following treatment with GnRH agonist versus controls (no treatment). Based on these and previous promising results, we next performed a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the orally active GnRH antagonist, elagolix, to oral contraceptive pill (OCP) suppression for 2 months before the next euploid embryo transfer, and monitored inflammation and miRNA expression in blood, before and after treatment. These studies support a role for endometriosis in UEETF and suggest that medical suppression of suspected disease with GnRH antagonist prior to the next transfer could improve success rates and address underlying inflammatory and epigenetic changes associated with UEETF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Lessey
- Department of OBGYN, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Allan Dong
- Department of OBGYN, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Deaton
- Department of OBGYN, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Ricardo F Savaris
- Department of OBGYN, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephen J Walker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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2
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Peñate L, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Spichiger C, Cuevas-Zhbankova A, Torres-Arévalo Á, Silva P, Richter HG, Ayuso-Sacido Á, San Martín R, Quezada-Monrás C. The Impact of A3AR Antagonism on the Differential Expression of Chemoresistance-Related Genes in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:579. [PMID: 38794149 PMCID: PMC11124321 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant tumor of the brain and central nervous system. Without treatment, the average patient survival time is about six months, which can be extended to fifteen months with multimodal therapies. The chemoresistance observed in GB is, in part, attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of glioblastoma-like stem cells (GSCs) that are characterized by heightened tumorigenic capacity and chemoresistance. GSCs are situated in hypoxic tumor niches, where they sustain and promote the stem-like phenotype and have also been correlated with high chemoresistance. GSCs have the particularity of generating high levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO), which causes the activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) with a consequent increase in the expression and activity of genes related to chemoresistance. Therefore, targeting its components is a promising alternative for treating GB. This analysis determined genes that were up- and downregulated due to A3AR blockades under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, possible candidates associated with chemoresistance that were positively regulated by hypoxia and negatively regulated by A3AR blockades in the same condition were analyzed. We detected three potential candidate genes that were regulated by the A3AR antagonist MRS1220 under hypoxic conditions: LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1. Finally, the selected markers were correlated with hypoxia-inducible genes and with the expression of adenosine-producing ectonucleotidases. In conclusion, we detected that hypoxic conditions generate extensive differential gene expression in GSCs, increasing the expression of genes associated with chemoresistance. Furthermore, we observed that MRS1220 could regulate the expression of LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1, which are involved in chemoresistance and correlate with a poor prognosis, hypoxia, and purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuba Peñate
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alexei Cuevas-Zhbankova
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángelo Torres-Arévalo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Recursos Naturales, Sede Talca, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 347-3620, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Hans G Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumour Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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3
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Liu Y, Wang J, Guo J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Hu F, Wu J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yu Y, Li Y, Zhang X. Pan-cancer and multi-omics analyses revealed the diagnostic and prognostic value of BAZ2A in liver cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5228. [PMID: 38433277 PMCID: PMC10909891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BAZ2A, an epigenetic regulatory factor that affects ribosomal RNA transcription, has been shown to be highly expressed in several cancers and promotes tumor cell migration. This study explored the expression and mechanism of BAZ2A in tumorigenesis at the pan-cancer level. The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus databases and TIMER2.0, cBioPortal and other tools were used to analyze the level of expression of BAZ2A in various tumor tissues and to examine the relationship between BAZ2A and survival, prognosis, mutation and immune invasion. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the function of BAZ2A in cancer cells. Using combined transcriptome and proteome analysis, we examined the possible mechanism of BAZ2A in tumors. BAZ2A exhibited high expression levels in multiple tumor tissues and displayed a significant association with cancer patient prognosis. The main type of BAZ2A genetic variation in cancer is gene mutation. Downregulation of BAZ2A inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in LM6 liver cancer cell. The mechanism of BAZ2A in cancer development may involve lipid metabolism. These results help expand our understanding of BAZ2A in tumorigenesis and development and suggest BAZ2A may serve as a prognostic and diagnostic factor in several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Tangshan, 063001, China
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Jimin Guo
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Fen Hu
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Breast Center, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Tangshan, 063001, China.
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
| | - Yufeng Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Tangshan, 063001, China.
- The Cancer Institute, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Zunhua, Tangshan, 064200, China.
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Gong X, Zheng C, Cai Y, Zhang W, Zhu B, Rong R, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang P. Adenosine-modulating synthetic high-density lipoprotein for chemoimmunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2024; 367:637-648. [PMID: 38295994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) is a common chemotherapy-associated immune checkpoint that hinders anti-tumor immunity-mediated efficacy of chemotherapy. Herein, we created a synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) by co-assembly of a doxorubicin (DOX)-apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide conjugate, PSB-603 (an A2BR inhibitor), phospholipid, and cholesterol oleate with a microfluidic-based method. The obtained DP-sHDL showed a self-promoted drug delivery to cancer cells via remodeling tumor microenvironment. DP-sHDL could trigger the release of ATP from cancer cells and inhibit its conversion into ADO. Consequently, DP-sHDL, while increasing immunogenic cell death, reduced intratumoral ADO levels by 58%. This treatment improved both the density and activity of CD8+ T cells as well as NK cells and relieved the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and led to a substantial inhibition of 4T1 tumor growth, thereby extending the survival of mice. The efficacy of DP-sHDL could be further improved when used in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy. We envision that this platform provides a simple yet promising strategy to enhance anti-tumor response of chemotherapy by relieving treatment-associated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gong
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Binyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Wang
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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5
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Ramos-Junior ES, Dawson S, Ryan W, Clinebell B, Serrano-Lopez R, Russell M, Brumbaugh R, Zhong R, Gonçalves Fernandes J, Shaddox LM, Cutler CW, Morandini AC. The protective role of CD73 in periodontitis: preventing hyper-inflammatory fibroblasts and driving osteoclast energy metabolism. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1308657. [PMID: 38152410 PMCID: PMC10751373 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1308657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting almost half of the adult population and is the leading cause of tooth loss in the United States. The role of extracellular nucleotide signaling including nucleotide metabolizing enzyme CD73 adds an important layer of interaction of purine mediators capable of orchestrating inflammatory outcomes. CD73 is able to catabolize 5'-adenosine monophosphate into adenosine at the extracellular level, playing a critical role in regulating many processes under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we explored the role of CD73 in ligature-induced periodontitis in vivo comparing wild-type C57Bl/6J and CD73-deficient mice. Methods We assessed gingival levels of inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in murine gingival fibroblasts in vitro, as well as bone loss, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We have also analyzed CD73 mRNA in samples derived from patients diagnosed with severe periodontitis. Results Our results in mice show that lack of CD73 resulted in increased inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-17, Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 in diseased gingiva relative to the healthy-controls and in comparison with the wild type. CD73-deficient gingival fibroblasts also manifested a defective healing response with higher MMP-13 levels. CD73-deficient animals also showed increased osteoclastogenesis in vitro with increased mitochondrial metabolism typified by excessive activation of oxidative phosphorylation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Micro-CT analysis revealed that lack of CD73 resulted in decreased bone mineral density, decreased trabecular bone volume and thickness as well as decreased bone volume in long bones. CD73 deficiency also resulted in increased alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Correlative studies of gingival samples from severe (Grade C) periodontitis showed decreased levels of CD73 compared to healthy controls, further supporting the relevance of our murine results. Conclusion In conclusion, CD73 appears to play a protective role in the gingival periodontal tissue and bone homeostasis, regulating hyper-inflammatory state of stromal fibroblasts and osteoclast energy metabolism and being an important candidate for future target therapies to prevent or control immune-mediated inflammatory and osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erivan S. Ramos-Junior
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shantiece Dawson
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Weston Ryan
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Braden Clinebell
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rogelio Serrano-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Marsha Russell
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rylee Brumbaugh
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Roger Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jussara Gonçalves Fernandes
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Luciana M. Shaddox
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christopher W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ana Carolina Morandini
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Jain D, Somasundaram DB, Aravindan S, Yu Z, Baker A, Esmaeili A, Aravindan N. Prognostic significance of NT5E/CD73 in neuroblastoma and its function in CSC stemness maintenance. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:967-989. [PMID: 34773529 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73), a cell surface enzyme that catalyzes adenosine monophosphate (AMP) breakdown to adenosine, is differentially expressed in cancers and has prognostic significance. We investigated its expression profile in neuroblastoma (NB), its association with NB clinical outcomes, and its influence in the regulation of cancer stem cells' (CSCs) stemness maintenance. RNA-Seq data mining (22 independent study cohorts, total n = 3836) indicated that high CD73 can predict good NB prognosis. CD73 expression (immunohistochemistry) gauged in an NB patient cohort (n = 87) showed a positive correlation with longer overall survival (OS, P = 0.0239) and relapse-free survival (RFS, P = 0.0242). Similarly, high CD73 correlated with longer OS and RFS in advanced disease stages, MYCN non-amplified (MYCN-na), and Stage-4-MYCN-na subsets. Despite no definite association in children < 2 years old (2Y), high CD73 correlated with longer OS (P = 0.0294) and RFS (P = 0.0315) in children > 2Y. Consistently, high CD73 was associated with better OS in MYCN-na, high-risk, and stage-4 subsets of children > 2Y. Multivariate analysis identified CD73 as an independent (P = 0.001) prognostic factor for NB. Silencing CD73 in patient-derived (stage 4, progressive disease) CHLA-171 and CHLA-172 cells revealed cell-line-independent activation of 58 CSC stemness maintenance molecules (QPCR profiling). Overexpressing CD73 in CHLA-20 and CHLA-90 cells with low CD73 and silencing in CHLA-171 and CHLA-172 cells with high CD73 showed that CD73 regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, Vimentin), stemness maintenance (Sox2, Nanog, Oct3/4), self-renewal capacity (Notch), and differentiation inhibition (leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF) proteins (confocal-immunofluorescence). These results demonstrate that high CD73 can predict good prognosis in NB, and further suggest that CD73 regulates stemness maintenance in cells that defy clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishti Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ashley Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Azadeh Esmaeili
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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7
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Kowash RR, Akbay EA. Tumor intrinsic and extrinsic functions of CD73 and the adenosine pathway in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130358. [PMID: 37033953 PMCID: PMC10079876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine pathway is an exciting new target in the field of cancer immunotherapy. CD73 is the main producer of extracellular adenosine. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has one of the highest CD73 expression signatures among all cancer types and the presence of common oncogenic drivers of NSCLC, such as mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS, correlate with increased CD73 expression. Current immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies only benefit a subset of patients, and it has proved challenging to understand which patients might respond even with the current understanding of predictive biomarkers. The adenosine pathway is well known to disrupt cytotoxic function of T cells, which is currently the main target of most clinical agents. Data thus far suggests that combining ICB therapies already in the clinic with adenosine pathway inhibitors provides promise for the treatment of lung cancer. However, antigen loss or lack of good antigens limits efficacy of ICB; simultaneous activation of other cytotoxic immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells can be explored in these tumors. Clinical trials harnessing both T and NK cell activating treatments are still in their early stages with results expected in the coming years. In this review we provide an overview of new literature on the adenosine pathway and specifically CD73. CD73 is thought of mainly for its role as an immune modulator, however recent studies have demonstrated the tumor cell intrinsic properties of CD73 are potentially as important as its role in immune suppression. We also highlight the current understanding of this pathway in lung cancer, outline ongoing studies examining therapies in combination with adenosine pathway targeting, and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kowash
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Esra A. Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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8
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Rabjohns EM, Rampersad RR, Ghosh A, Hurst K, Eudy AM, Brozowski JM, Lee HH, Ren Y, Mirando A, Gladman J, Bowser JL, Berg K, Wani S, Ralston SH, Hilton MJ, Tarrant TK. Aged G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 (Grk3)-Deficient Mice Exhibit Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis and Develop Bone Lesions Analogous to Human Paget's Disease of Bone. Cells 2023; 12:981. [PMID: 37048054 PMCID: PMC10093054 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's Disease of Bone (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by dysregulated osteoclast function leading to focal abnormalities of bone remodeling. It can lead to pain, fracture, and bone deformity. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) is an important negative regulator of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. GRK3 is known to regulate GPCR function in osteoblasts and preosteoblasts, but its regulatory function in osteoclasts is not well defined. Here, we report that Grk3 expression increases during osteoclast differentiation in both human and mouse primary cells and established cell lines. We also show that aged mice deficient in Grk3 develop bone lesions similar to those seen in human PDB and other Paget's Disease mouse models. We show that a deficiency in Grk3 expression enhances osteoclastogenesis in vitro and proliferation of hematopoietic osteoclast precursors in vivo but does not affect the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption function or cellular senescence pathway. Notably, we also observe decreased Grk3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with PDB compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Our data suggest that GRK3 has relevance to the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and that it may have relevance to the pathogenesis of PDB and other metabolic bone diseases associated with osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Rabjohns
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rishi R. Rampersad
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Arin Ghosh
- College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27510, USA
| | - Katlyn Hurst
- College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27510, USA
| | - Amanda M. Eudy
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jaime M. Brozowski
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anthony Mirando
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Justin Gladman
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn Berg
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sachin Wani
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Teresa K. Tarrant
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Hospital, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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9
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Yu ZL, Liu J, Ning ZK, Tian HK, Wu X, Huang YF, Wu ZC, Zong Z, Zhou TC. The TGF-β/Smad 2/3 signaling pathway is involved in Musashi2-induced invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:261-276. [PMID: 36345938 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To identify Musashi2 as an effective biomarker regulated by the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway for the precise diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) through bioinformatic tools and experimental verification. The Cancer Genome Atlas, Timer, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to clarify the expression of Musashi2 and its influence on the prognosis of CRC. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was used to activate the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway to identify whether it could regulate the expression and function of Musashi2. Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR analyses were conducted to verify the expression of Musashi2. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), EdU, wound healing, and Transwell assays were conducted to reveal the role of Musashi2 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC. Musashi2 was upregulated in CRC and promoted proliferation and metastasis. TGF-β1 increased the expression of Musashi2, while the antagonist inducer of type II TGF-β receptor degradation-1 (ITD-1) decreased the expression. CCK8 and EdU assays demonstrated that inhibition of Musashi2 or use of ITD-1 lowered proliferation ability. The Transwell and wound healing assays showed that the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells could be regulated by Musashi2. The above functions could be enhanced by TGF-β1 by activating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway and reversed by ITD-1. A positive correlation was found between Musashi2 and the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. TGF-β1 activates the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway to stimulate the expression of Musashi2, which promotes the progression of CRC. Musashi2 might become a target gene for the development of new antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi Kun Ning
- Department of Day Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Kai Tian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Feng Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi Chun Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tai Cheng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Kang C, Liu L, Wu C, Li L, Jia X, Xie W, Chen S, Wu X, Zheng H, Liu J, Li R, Zeng B. The adenosinergic machinery in cancer: In-tandem insights from basic mechanisms to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111369. [PMID: 36911717 PMCID: PMC9995374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine (eADO) signaling has emerged as an increasingly important regulator of immune responses, including tumor immunity. eADO is mainly produced from extracellular ATP (eATP) hydrolysis. eATP is rapidly accumulated in the extracellular space following cell death or cellular stress triggered by hypoxia, nutrient starvation, or inflammation. eATP plays a pro-inflammatory role by binding and activating the P2 purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y), while eADO has been reported in many studies to mediate immunosuppression by activating the P1 purinergic receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) in diverse immune cells. Consequently, the hydrolysis of eATP to eADO alters the immunosurveillance in the tumor microenvironment (TME) not only by reducing eATP levels but also by enhancing adenosine receptor signaling. The effects of both P1 and P2 purinergic receptors are not restricted to immune cells. Here we review the most up-to-date understanding of the tumor adenosinergic system in all cell types, including immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells in TME. The potential novel directions of future adenosinergic therapies in immuno-oncology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifei Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyu Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wendi Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaxiao Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongsong Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Yegutkin GG, Boison D. ATP and Adenosine Metabolism in Cancer: Exploitation for Therapeutic Gain. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:797-822. [PMID: 35738682 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine-rich immunosuppressive microenvironment through the increased release of ATP from dying and stressed cells and its ectoenzymatic conversion into adenosine. Therefore, the adenosine pathway becomes an important therapeutic target to improve the effectiveness of immune therapies. Prior research has focused largely on the two major ectonucleotidases, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1/cluster of differentiation (CD)39 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, which catalyze the breakdown of extracellular ATP into adenosine, and on the subsequent activation of different subtypes of adenosine receptors with mixed findings of antitumor and protumor effects. New findings, needed for more effective therapeutic approaches, require consideration of redundant pathways controlling intratumoral adenosine levels, including the alternative NAD-inactivating pathway through the CD38-ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (ENPP)1-CD73 axis, the counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathway, and cellular adenosine uptake and its phosphorylation by adenosine kinase. This review provides a holistic view of extracellular and intracellular adenosine metabolism as an integrated complex network and summarizes recent data on the underlying mechanisms through which adenosine and its precursors ATP and ADP control cancer immunosurveillance, tumor angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, cancer-associated thrombosis, blood flow, and tumor perfusion. Special attention is given to differences and commonalities in the purinome of different cancers, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, subcellular compartmentalization of the adenosine system, and novel roles of purine-converting enzymes as targets for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The discovery of the role of adenosine as immune checkpoint regulator in cancer has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular adenosine metabolism and signaling in multiple clinical trials and preclinical models. Here we identify major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled to improve the therapeutic gain from agents targeting key components of the adenosine metabolic network and, on this basis, provide a holistic view of the cancer purinome as a complex and integrated network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.); and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.)
| | - Detlev Boison
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.); and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.)
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12
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Iser IC, Vedovatto S, Oliveira FD, Beckenkamp LR, Lenz G, Wink MR. The crossroads of adenosinergic pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:202-213. [PMID: 35779713 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism related to tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, resistance to therapy and poor prognosis in several types of cancer. However, targeting EMT or partial-EMT, as well as the molecules involved in this process, has remained a challenge. Recently, the CD73 enzyme, which hydrolyzes AMP to produce adenosine (ADO), has been linked to the EMT process. This relationship is not only due to the production of the immunosuppressant ADO but also to its role as a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins, being involved in cell adhesion and migration. This article reviews the crosstalk between the adenosinergic pathway and the EMT program and the impact of this interrelation on cancer development and progression. An in silico analysis of RNAseq datasets showed that several tumor types have a significant correlation between an EMT score and NT5E (CD73) and ENTPD1 (CD39) expressions, with the strongest correlations in prostate adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, it is evident that the cooperation between EMT and adenosinergic pathway in tumor progression is context and tumor-dependent. The increased knowledge about this topic will help broaden the view to explore new treatments and therapies for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Cristiana Iser
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samlai Vedovatto
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dittrich Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liziane Raquel Beckenkamp
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Zhang Z, Xu P, Hu Z, Fu Z, Deng T, Deng X, Peng L, Xie Y, Long L, Zheng D, Shen P, Zhang M, Gong B, Zhu Z, Lin J, Chen R, Liu Z, Yang H, Li R, Fang W. CCDC65, a Gene Knockout that leads to Early Death of Mice, acts as a potentially Novel Tumor Suppressor in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4171-4186. [PMID: 35844805 PMCID: PMC9274497 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CCDC65 is a member of the coiled-coil domain-containing protein family and was only reported in gastric cancer by our group. We first observed that it is downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma based on the TCGA database. Reduced CCDC65 protein was shown as an unfavorable factor promoting the clinical progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, CCDC65-/- mice were found possibly dead of hydrocephalus. Compared with the CCDC65+/+ mice, the downregulation of CCDC65 in CCDC65+/- mice significantly increased the formation ability of lung cancer induced by urethane. In the subsequent investigation, we observed that CCDC65 functions as a tumor suppressor repressing cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Molecular mechanism showed that CCDC65 recruited E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 to induce the ubiquitination degradation of c-Myc, an oncogenic transcription factor in tumors, and reduced c-Myc binding to ENO1 promoter, which suppressed the transcription of ENO1. In addition, CCDC65 also recruited FBXW7 to degrade ENO1 protein by ubiquitinated modulation. The downregulated ENO1 further reduced the phosphorylation activation of AKT1, which thus inactivated the cell cycle signal. Our data demonstrated that CCDC65 is a potential tumor suppressor by recruiting FBWX7 to suppress c-Myc/ENO1-induced cell cycle signal in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,Respiratory Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518034, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojian Fu
- Department of Oncology, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Tongyuan Deng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Deng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanzhu Peng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Long
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Gong
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Zhen Liu, E-mail: ; Prof. Huilin Yang, E-mail: ; Prof. Rong Li, E-mail: ; Prof. Weiyi Fang, E-mail:
| | - Huilin Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Zhen Liu, E-mail: ; Prof. Huilin Yang, E-mail: ; Prof. Rong Li, E-mail: ; Prof. Weiyi Fang, E-mail:
| | - Rong Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Zhen Liu, E-mail: ; Prof. Huilin Yang, E-mail: ; Prof. Rong Li, E-mail: ; Prof. Weiyi Fang, E-mail:
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Zhen Liu, E-mail: ; Prof. Huilin Yang, E-mail: ; Prof. Rong Li, E-mail: ; Prof. Weiyi Fang, E-mail:
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14
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Kotulová J, Hajdúch M, Džubák P. Current Adenosinergic Therapies: What Do Cancer Cells Stand to Gain and Lose? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12569. [PMID: 34830449 PMCID: PMC8617980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A key objective in immuno-oncology is to reactivate the dormant immune system and increase tumour immunogenicity. Adenosine is an omnipresent purine that is formed in response to stress stimuli in order to restore physiological balance, mainly via anti-inflammatory, tissue-protective, and anti-nociceptive mechanisms. Adenosine overproduction occurs in all stages of tumorigenesis, from the initial inflammation/local tissue damage to the precancerous niche and the developed tumour, making the adenosinergic pathway an attractive but challenging therapeutic target. Many current efforts in immuno-oncology are focused on restoring immunosurveillance, largely by blocking adenosine-producing enzymes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and adenosine receptors on immune cells either alone or combined with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. However, the effects of adenosinergic immunotherapy are not restricted to immune cells; other cells in the TME including cancer and stromal cells are also affected. Here we summarise recent advancements in the understanding of the tumour adenosinergic system and highlight the impact of current and prospective immunomodulatory therapies on other cell types within the TME, focusing on adenosine receptors in tumour cells. In addition, we evaluate the structure- and context-related limitations of targeting this pathway and highlight avenues that could possibly be exploited in future adenosinergic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.)
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