1
|
Ma Y, Dong S, Grippin AJ, Teng L, Lee AS, Kim BYS, Jiang W. Engineering therapeutical extracellular vesicles for clinical translation. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00218-X. [PMID: 39227240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are revolutionizing medicine by replacing or modifying dysfunctional cells with healthy cells or engineered derivatives, offering disease reversal and cure. One promising approach is using cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which offer therapeutic benefits similar to cell transplants without the biosafety risks. Although EV applications face challenges like limited production, inadequate therapeutic loading, and poor targeting efficiency, recent advances in bioengineering have enhanced their effectiveness. Herein, we summarize technological breakthroughs in EV bioengineering over the past 5 years, highlighting their improved therapeutic functionalities and potential clinical prospects. We also discuss biomanufacturing processes, regulation, and safety considerations for bioengineered EV therapies, emphasizing the significance of establishing robust frameworks to ensure translation capability, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness for successful clinical adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam J Grippin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Andrew S Lee
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu C, Chen Q, Wu T, Du X, Dong Y, Peng Z, Xue W, Sunkara V, Cho YK, Dong L. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311071. [PMID: 38639331 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a public health concern in elderly men due to an ever-increasing number of estimated cases. Unfortunately, the available treatments are unsatisfactory because of a lack of a durable response, especially in advanced disease states. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer encircled nanoscale vesicles that carry numerous biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), mediating the transfer of information. The past decade has witnessed a wide range of EV applications in both diagnostics and therapeutics. First, EV-based non-invasive liquid biopsies provide biomarkers in various clinical scenarios to guide treatment; EVs can facilitate the grading and staging of patients for appropriate treatment selection. Second, EVs play a pivotal role in pathophysiological processes via intercellular communication. Targeting key molecules involved in EV-mediated tumor progression (e.g., proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance) is a potential approach for curbing PCa. Third, EVs are promising drug carriers. Naïve EVs from various sources and engineered EV-based drug delivery systems have paved the way for the development of new treatment modalities. This review discusses the recent advancements in the application of EV therapies and highlights EV-based functional materials as novel interventions for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tianyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanhao Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zehong Peng
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis, Institute for Basic Science Ulsan, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qian L, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Zheng X, Xiao B, Zhang X, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhou P, Fu Q, Kang T, Gao Y. Activated STING-containing R-EVs from iPSC-derived MSCs promote antitumor immunity. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217081. [PMID: 38909776 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
We recently revealed that activated STING is secreted into RAB22A-induced extracellular vesicles (R-EVs) and promotes antitumor immunity in cancer cells. Whether mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived R-EVs containing activated STING can be used as a novel antitumor immunotherapy remains unclear, as MSC-derived EVs are promising cell-free therapeutics due to their superior biocompatibility and safety, as well as low immunogenicity. Here, we report that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs can generate R-EVs with a size and mechanism of formation that are similar to those of R-EVs produced from cancer cells. Furthermore, these MSC-derived R-EVs containing activated STING induced IFNβ expression in recipient THP-1 monocytes and antitumor immunity in mice. Our findings reveal that the use of MSC-derived R-EVs containing activated STING is a promising cell-free strategy for antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxia Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China; School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Beibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Departments of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingding Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng Q, Xu X, Zhang S. cGAS-STING pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09525-1. [PMID: 39096420 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has been identified as a significant modulator of inflammation in various clinical contexts, including infection, cellular stress, and tissue injury. The extensive participation of the cGAS-STING pathway can be attributed to its ability to detect and control the cellular reaction to DNAs originating from both microorganisms and hosts. These DNAs are well recognized as molecules linked with potential risks. At physiological levels, the STING signaling system exhibits protective effects. However, prolonged stimulation of this pathway contributes to autoimmune disorder pathogenesis. The present paper provides an overview of the activation mechanism of the cGAS-STING signaling pathways and their associated significant functions, as well as therapeutic interventions in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The primary objective is to enhance our comprehension of SLE and facilitate more effective diagnosis and treatment strategies for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Feng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shoulin Zhang
- Nephropathy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xin F, Ren X, Lin X, Ma W, Ran B, Teng Y, Gao P, Wang C, Wu L, Cun D, Zhang J. Rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles using covalent organic frameworks combined with microfluidic technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116153. [PMID: 38636194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid-membrane vesicles involved in intercellular communication and reflecting the physiological and pathological processes of their parental cells. Rapid isolation of EVs with low cost is an essential precondition for downstream function exploration and clinical applications. In this work, we designed a novel EVs isolation device based on the boronated organic framework (BOF) coated recyclable microfluidic chip (named EVs-BD) to separate EVs from cell culture media. Using a reactive oxygen species responsive phenylboronic ester compound, the highly porous BOF with a pore size in the range of 10-300 nm was prepared by crosslinking γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks. A mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating was employed to pattern BOF on the PDMS substrate of microfluidic channels. The EVs-BD was demonstrated to offer distinct advantages over the traditional ultracentrifugation method, such as operation simplicity and safety, reduced time and expense, and low expertize requirements. All things considered, a novel approach of EV acquisition has been successfully developed, which can be customized easily to meet the requirements of various EV-relevant research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Xin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Xueyuan Lin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Wuzhen Ma
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Ran
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yupu Teng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng Z, Fobian SF, Gurrieri E, Amin M, D'Agostino VG, Falahati M, Zalba S, Debets R, Garrido MJ, Saeed M, Seynhaeve ALB, Balcioglu HE, Ten Hagen TLM. Lipid-based nanosystems: the next generation of cancer immune therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:53. [PMID: 39030582 PMCID: PMC11265205 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become an important part of the oncotherapy arsenal. Its applicability in various cancer types is impressive, as well as its use of endogenous mechanisms to achieve desired ends. However, off-target or on-target-off-tumor toxicity, limited activity, lack of control in combination treatments and, especially for solid tumors, low local accumulation, have collectively limited clinical use thereof. These limitations are partially alleviated by delivery systems. Lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as revolutionary carriers due to favorable physicochemical characteristics, with specific applications and strengths particularly useful in immunotherapeutic agent delivery. The aim of this review is to highlight the challenges faced by immunotherapy and how lipid-based NPs have been, and may be further utilized to address such challenges. We discuss recent fundamental and clinical applications of NPs in a range of areas and provide a detailed discussion of the main obstacles in immune checkpoint inhibition therapies, adoptive cellular therapies, and cytokine therapies. We highlight how lipid-based nanosystems could address these through either delivery, direct modulation of the immune system, or targeting of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We explore advanced and emerging liposomal and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems for nucleic acid delivery, intrinsic and extrinsic stimulus-responsive formulations, and biomimetic lipid-based nanosystems in immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the key challenges relating to the clinical use of lipid-based NP immunotherapies, suggesting future research directions for the near term to realize the potential of these innovative lipid-based nanosystems, as they become the crucial steppingstone towards the necessary enhancement of the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Cheng
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seth-Frerich Fobian
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Gurrieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mohamadreza Amin
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vito Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Zalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María J Garrido
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mesha Saeed
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bahadorani M, Nasiri M, Dellinger K, Aravamudhan S, Zadegan R. Engineering Exosomes for Therapeutic Applications: Decoding Biogenesis, Content Modification, and Cargo Loading Strategies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7137-7164. [PMID: 39050874 PMCID: PMC11268655 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s464249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes emerge from endosomal invagination and range in size from 30 to 200 nm. Exosomes contain diverse proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can indicate the state of various physiological and pathological processes. Studies have revealed the remarkable clinical potential of exosomes in diagnosing and prognosing multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Exosomes also have the potential to be engineered and deliver their cargo to a specific target. However, further advancements are imperative to optimize exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for practical implementation in clinical settings. This review highlights exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic applications, emphasizing their engineering through simple incubation, biological, and click chemistry techniques. Additionally, the loading of therapeutic agents onto exosomes, utilizing passive and active strategies, and exploring hybrid and artificial exosomes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Bahadorani
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mahboobeh Nasiri
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Reza Zadegan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Turko IV. Quantitative Analysis of Complement Membrane Attack Complex Proteins Associated with Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomes 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 39051239 PMCID: PMC11270256 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a universal mechanism of intercellular communication in normal and pathological conditions. There are reports showing the presence of complement proteins in EV preparations, specifically those that can form a membrane attack complex (MAC). In the present work, we have used a quantitative mass spectrometry method that allows for the measurement of multiple targeted proteins in one experimental run. The quantification of MAC-forming proteins, namely C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9, in highly purified EVs from normal human plasma revealed the presence of MAC proteins at approximately equal stoichiometry that does not fit the expected stoichiometry of preformed MAC. We concluded that while MAC proteins can be associated with EVs from normal plasma and presumably can be delivered to the recipient cells, there is no evidence that the EVs carry preformed MAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Illarion V Turko
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, Rockville, ML 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karoichan A, Boucenna S, Tabrizian M. Therapeutics of the future: Navigating the pitfalls of extracellular vesicles research from an osteoarthritis perspective. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12435. [PMID: 38943211 PMCID: PMC11213691 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have gained wide momentum as potential therapeutics for osteoarthritis, a highly prevalent chronic disease that still lacks an approved treatment. The membrane-bound vesicles are secreted by all cells carrying different cargos that can serve as both disease biomarkers and disease modifiers. Nonetheless, despite a significant peak in research regarding EVs as OA therapeutics, clinical implementation seems distant. In addition to scalability and standardization challenges, researchers often omit to focus on and consider the proper tropism of the vesicles, the practicality and relevance of their source, their low native therapeutic efficacy, and whether they address the disease as a whole. These considerations are necessary to better understand EVs in a clinical light and have been comprehensively discussed and ultimately summarized in this review into a conceptualized framework termed the nanodiamond concept. Future perspectives are also discussed, and alternatives are presented to address some of the challenges and concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Karoichan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Boucenna
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Z, Xie HY, Nie W. Nano-Engineering Strategies for Tumor-Specific Therapy. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300647. [PMID: 38356248 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanodelivery systems (NDSs) provide promising prospects for decreasing drug doses, reducing side effects, and improving therapeutic effects. However, the bioapplications of NDSs are still compromised by their fast clearance, indiscriminate biodistribution, and limited tumor accumulation. Hence, engineering modification of NDSs aiming at promoting tumor-specific therapy and avoiding systemic toxicity is usually needed. An NDS integrating various functionalities, including flexible camouflage, specific biorecognition, and sensitive stimuli-responsiveness, into one sequence would be "smart" and highly effective. Herein, we systematically summarize the related principles, methods, and progress. At the end of the review, we predict the obstacles to precise nanoengineering and prospects for the future application of NDSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weidong Nie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Colangelo NW, Gerber NK, Vatner RE, Cooper BT. Harnessing the cGAS-STING pathway to potentiate radiation therapy: current approaches and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1383000. [PMID: 38659582 PMCID: PMC11039815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1383000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we cover the current understanding of how radiation therapy, which uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells, mediates an anti-tumor immune response through the cGAS-STING pathway, and how STING agonists might potentiate this. We examine how cGAS-STING signaling mediates the release of inflammatory cytokines in response to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA entering the cytoplasm. The significance of this in the context of cancer is explored, such as in response to cell-damaging therapies and genomic instability. The contribution of the immune and non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is considered. This review also discusses the burgeoning understanding of STING signaling that is independent of inflammatory cytokine release and the various mechanisms by which cancer cells can evade STING signaling. We review the available data on how ionizing radiation stimulates cGAS-STING signaling as well as how STING agonists may potentiate the anti-tumor immune response induced by ionizing radiation. There is also discussion of how novel radiation modalities may affect cGAS-STING signaling. We conclude with a discussion of ongoing and planned clinical trials combining radiation therapy with STING agonists, and provide insights to consider when planning future clinical trials combining these treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Colangelo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Naamit K. Gerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ralph E. Vatner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin T. Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rakshit T, Pal S. Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery and Theranostics In Vivo. JACS AU 2024; 4:318-327. [PMID: 38425894 PMCID: PMC10900499 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanopouches generated by all cells and are abundant in various body fluids. Depending on the parent and recipient cells, EVs exchange diverse constituents including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and metabolites. Morphologically, EVs suffer from low zeta potentials and short circulation times, but they also offer low intrinsic immunogenicity and inherent stability. Some crucial factors for the effective clinical application of EVs include controlling immune system clearance, achieving the large-scale production of EVs with efficient quality control, and determining the dominant mechanism of the in vivo action of EVs. In this Perspective, we shed light on how these intriguing nano-objects are utilized in cellular imaging and drug delivery for disease therapeutics. We also discuss potential strategies for overcoming the associated limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatini Rakshit
- Department
of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of
Eminence, Delhi-NCR 201314, India
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Durg 491001, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liao Y, Zhang Z, Ouyang L, Mi B, Liu G. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Wound Healing: Design, Paradigms, and Clinical Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307058. [PMID: 37806763 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The severe quality of life and economic burden imposed by non-healing skin wounds, infection risks, and treatment costs are affecting millions of patients worldwide. To mitigate these challenges, scientists are relentlessly seeking effective treatment measures. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapy strategy, attracting extensive attention from researchers. EVs mediate intercellular communication, possessing excellent biocompatibility and stability. These features make EVs a potential tool for treating a plethora of diseases, including those related to wound repair. However, there is a growing focus on the engineering of EVs to overcome inherent limitations such as low production, relatively fixed content, and targeting capabilities of natural EVs. This engineering could improve both the effectiveness and specificity of EVs in wound repair treatments. In light of this, the present review will introduce the latest progress in the design methods and experimental paradigms of engineered EVs applied in wound repair. Furthermore, it will comprehensively analyze the current clinical research status and prospects of engineered EVs within this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lizhi Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mehta P, Shende P. Evasion of opsonization of macromolecules using novel surface-modification and biological-camouflage-mediated techniques for next-generation drug delivery. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1031-1043. [PMID: 37933222 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Opsonization plays a pivotal role in hindering controlled drug release from nanoformulations due to macrophage-mediated nanoparticle destruction. While first and second-generation delivery systems, such as lipoplexes (50-150 nm) and quantum dots, hold immense potential in revolutionizing disease treatment through spatiotemporal controlled drug delivery, their therapeutic efficacy is restricted by the selective labeling of nanoparticles for uptake by reticuloendothelial system and mononuclear phagocyte system via various molecular forces, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals bonds. This review article presents novel insights into surface-modification techniques utilizing macromolecule-mediated approaches, including PEGylation, di-block copolymerization, and multi-block polymerization. These techniques induce stealth properties by generating steric forces to repel micromolecular-opsonins, such as fibrinogen, thereby mitigating opsonization effects. Moreover, advanced biological methods, like cellular hitchhiking and dysopsonic protein adsorption, are highlighted for their potential to induce biological camouflage by adsorbing onto the nanoparticulate surface, leading to immune escape. These significant findings pave the way for the development of long-circulating next-generation nanoplatforms capable of delivering superior therapy to patients. Future integration of artificial intelligence-based algorithms, integrated with nanoparticle properties such as shape, size, and surface chemistry, can aid in elucidating nanoparticulate-surface morphology and predicting interactions with the immune system, providing valuable insights into the probable path of opsonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be-University, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be-University, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang L, Wu E, Liao J, Wei Z, Wang J, Chen Z. Research Advances of Engineered Exosomes as Drug Delivery Carrier. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43374-43387. [PMID: 38027310 PMCID: PMC10666244 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by living cells that have similar membrane composition to parental cells and carry a variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Therefore, exosomes have certain biological activities and play an important role in intercellular communication. On the basis of its potential as a carrier for drug delivery systems, exosomes have been engineered to compensate for the shortage of natural exosomes through various engineering strategies for improving drug delivery efficiency, enhancing targeting to tissues and organs, and extending the circulating half-life of exosomes. This review focuses on the engineered exosomes loading drugs through different strategies, discussions on exosome surface modification strategies, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies. In addition, this review provides an overview of the recent applications of engineered exosomes in a number of refractory and relapsable diseases. This review has the potential to provide a reference for further research and development of engineered exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of
Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Enguang Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of
Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of
Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Zongyi Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of
Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of
Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of
Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng W, Xu C, Su Y, Shen Y, Yang Q, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A potential treatment for regeneration. iScience 2023; 26:108282. [PMID: 38026170 PMCID: PMC10651684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes. EVs have gained recognition in regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. However, the practical application of EVs faces challenges such as limited targeting ability, low yield, and inadequate therapeutic effects. To overcome these limitations, engineered EVs have emerged. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the engineering methods utilized for modifying donor cells and EVs, with a focus on comparing the therapeutic potential between engineered and natural EVs. Additionally, it aims to investigate the specific cell effects that play a crucial role in promoting repair and regeneration, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms involved in the field of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuran Su
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun M, Yang J, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Hu M, Sun K, Zhang J. Beyond Extracellular Vesicles: Hybrid Membrane Nanovesicles as Emerging Advanced Tools for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303617. [PMID: 37749882 PMCID: PMC10646251 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), involved in essential physiological and pathological processes of the organism, have emerged as powerful tools for disease treatment owing to their unique natural biological characteristics and artificially acquired advantages. However, the limited targeting ability, insufficient production yield, and low drug-loading capability of natural simplex EVs have greatly hindered their development in clinical translation. Therefore, the establishment of multifunctional hybrid membrane nanovesicles (HMNVs) with favorable adaptability and flexibility has become the key to expanding the practical application of EVs. This timely review summarizes the current progress of HMNVs for biomedical applications. Different HMNVs preparation strategies including physical, chemical, and chimera approaches are first discussed. This review then individually describes the diverse types of HMNVs based on homologous or heterologous cell membrane substances, a fusion of cell membrane and liposome, as well as a fusion of cell membrane and bacterial membrane. Subsequently, a specific emphasis is placed on the highlight of biological applications of the HMNVs toward various diseases with representative examples. Finally, ongoing challenges and prospects of the currently developed HMNVs in clinical translational applications are briefly presented. This review will not only stimulate broad interest among researchers from diverse disciplines but also provide valuable insights for the development of promising nanoplatforms in precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapySchool of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapySchool of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yueyun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapySchool of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- International Medical CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryJinan University First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryJinan University First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Urinary surgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450052China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapySchool of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aqil F, Gupta R. Exosomes as emerging nanoplatform in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 574:216394. [PMID: 37716464 PMCID: PMC10569016 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Aqil
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; 3P Biotechnologies, Inc., 580 S. Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Liu J, Zhou C. Current aspects of small extracellular vesicles in pain process and relief. Biomater Res 2023; 27:78. [PMID: 37563666 PMCID: PMC10416402 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological disorders. Current research suggests that sEVs play a pivotal role in the pathological progression of pain, emphasizing their critical function in the pathological progression of pain in acute and chronic pain models. By facilitating the transfer of diverse molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, sEVs can modulate pain signaling transmission in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, the unique molecules conveyed by sEVs in pain disorders indicate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. The application of sEVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative pain medicine has emerged as a promising strategy for pain management. Moreover, modified sEVs have garnered considerable attention in the investigation of pathological processes and therapeutic interventions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the involvement of sEVs in pain pathogenesis and treatment. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to facilitate their clinical implementation. Schematic diagram of sEVs in the biogenesis, signal transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of pain disorders. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are secreted by multiple cells, loading with various biomolecules, such as miRNAs, transmembrane proteins, and amino acids. They selectively target other cells and regulating pain signal transmission. The composition of sEVs can serve as valuable biomarkers for pain diagnosis. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell-derived sEVs have shown promise as regenerative medicine for managing multiple pain disorders. Furthermore, by modifying the structure or contents of sEVs, they could potentially be used as a potent analgesic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei X, Liu S, Cao Y, Wang Z, Chen S. Polymers in Engineering Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Current Status and Prospective. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051496. [PMID: 37242738 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a high delivery efficiency by traditional nanomedicines during cancer treatment is a challenging task. As a natural mediator for short-distance intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention owing to their low immunogenicity and high targeting ability. They can load a variety of major drugs, thus offering immense potential. In order to overcome the limitations of EVs and establish them as an ideal drug delivery system, polymer-engineered extracellular vesicle mimics (EVMs) have been developed and applied in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the current status of polymer-based extracellular vesicle mimics in drug delivery, and analyze their structural and functional properties based on the design of an ideal drug carrier. We anticipate that this review will facilitate a deeper understanding of the extracellular vesicular mimetic drug delivery system, and stimulate the progress and advancement of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sihang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yifeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Electronic Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Sundoc Pharmaceutical Science and Tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oshchepkova A, Zenkova M, Vlassov V. Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Nucleic Acid Delivery: Loading Strategies and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087287. [PMID: 37108446 PMCID: PMC10139028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released into the extracellular milieu by cells of various origins. They contain different biological cargoes, protecting them from degradation by environmental factors. There is an opinion that EVs have a number of advantages over synthetic carriers, creating new opportunities for drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the ability of EVs to function as carriers for therapeutic nucleic acids (tNAs), challenges associated with the use of such carriers in vivo, and various strategies for tNA loading into EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Oshchepkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|