1
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Zou J, Jing X, Li S, Chen Y, Liu Y, Feng PY, Peng XF. Low mechanical-hysteresis conductive hydrogel conferred by chitosan bridging and MXene nanoconfined mechanism. Carbohydr Polym 2025; 348:122849. [PMID: 39562118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Large mechanical hysteresis, stemming from the inherent viscoelasticity of the hydrogel networks, seriously affected its service life and application scope. Herein, we introduced a synergistic approach combining MXene nanoconfinement and bridging effect to produce hydrogels with low mechanical hysteresis. The introduced MXene was able to provide an effective nanoconfined effect on the polymerization of acrylamide monomers. By synergizing with the bridging effect-facilitated by strong interactions between chitosan-grafted polyacrylamide and solvent molecules to accelerate stress transfer-we successfully developed a MXene-reinforced conductive hydrogel with mechanical hysteresis as low as 3.17 %. Additionally, the strong electrostatic interactions between the chitosan and MXene further affiliate the dispersion of MXene within the hydrogel. The resulting MXene-reinforced conductive hydrogel demonstrated remarkable temperature sensitivity (TCR = -1.42 %/°C), making it suitable to be used as a health monitoring device. These findings opened up new perspectives for the further expansion of MXene and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xin Jing
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China..
| | - Shitao Li
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Pei-Yong Feng
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China.
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2
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Zhang J, Fu K, Wang D, Zhou S, Luo J. Refining hydrogel-based sorbent design for efficient toxic metal removal using machine learning-Bayesian optimization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135688. [PMID: 39236540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based sorbents show promise in the removal of toxic metals from water. However, optimizing their performance through conventional trial-and-error methods is both costly and challenging due to the inherent high-dimensional parameter space associated with complex condition combinations. In this study, machine learning (ML) was employed to uncover the relationship between the fabrication condition of hydrogel sorbent and their efficiency in removing toxic metals. The developed XGBoost models demonstrated exceptional accuracy in predicting hydrogel adsorption coefficients (Kd) based on synthesis materials and fabrication conditions. Key factors such as reaction temperature (50-70 °C), time (5-72 h), initiator ((NH4)2S2O8: 2.3-10.3 mol%), and crosslinker (Methylene-Bis-Acrylamide: 1.5-4.3 mol%) significantly influenced Kd. Subsequently, ten hydrogels were fabricated utilizing these optimized feature combinations based on Bayesian optimization, exhibiting superior toxic metal adsorption capabilities that surpassed existing limits (logKd (Cu): increased from 2.70 to 3.06; logKd (Pb): increased from 2.76 to 3.37). Within these determined combinations, the error range (0.025-0.172) between model predictions and experimental validations for logKd (Pb) indicated negligible disparity. Our research outcomes not only offer valuable insights but also provide practical guidance, highlighting the potential for custom-tailored hydrogel designs to combat specific contaminants, courtesy of ML-based Bayesian optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kaixing Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jinming Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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3
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Ahmed EM, Feteha A, Kamal RS, Behalo MS, Abdel-Raouf ME. Preparation and potential of chitosan-based/Al 2O 3 green hydrogel composites for the removal of methyl red dye from simulated solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:49626-49645. [PMID: 39080170 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Different dyes are discharged into water streams, causing significant pollution to the entire ecosystem. The present work deals with the removal of acid red 2 dye (methyl red-as an anionic dye) by green sorbents based on chitosan derivatization. In this regard, two classes of chitosan derivatives-a total of six-were prepared by gamma irradiation at 30 kGy. The first group (group A) constitutes a crosslinked chitosan/polyacrylamide/aluminum oxide with different feed ratios, while the second group, identified as group B, is composed of crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan/polyacrylamide/aluminum oxide with different ratios. Glycerol was added to soften the resultant hydrogels. The products were characterized by different tools, including FTIR for confirming the chemical modification, TGA for investigating their thermal properties, and XRD for verifying their crystalline structure. The morphology of the prepared derivatives was studied through SEM, while their topography before and after dye adsorption was monitored via the AFM. The removal efficiencies of the prepared sorbents were verified at different operation conditions, such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of dye solutions, and contact time. The data revealed that the optimum conditions for maximum dye uptake were as follows: pH 4, contact time 120 min, 0.1-g sorbent dose, and 50-ppm dye concentration. Additionally, the prepared sorbents demonstrated potent adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. It was found that the elements of the second group displayed higher performance than their counterparts. The data showed also that the adsorption process best fits with the Freundlich model and obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetic isotherm. In addition, the synthesized composites showed observable antibacterial potency toward E. coli as a Gram-negative bacterium and S. aureus as a Gram-positive bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal Mosaad Ahmed
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, P.O. Box 13518, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amr Feteha
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, P.O. Box 13518, Benha, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Kamal
- Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Behalo
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, P.O. Box 13518, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Manar E Abdel-Raouf
- Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Elsayed NH, Alamrani NA, Alatawi RAS, Al-Anazi M, Alenazi DAK, Alhawiti AS, Almutairi AM, Al-Anazi W, Monier M. Ion-imprinted aminoguanidine-chitosan for selective recognition of lanthanum (III) from wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132193. [PMID: 38723816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing a sorbent for the removal of La3+ ions from wastewater offers significant environmental and economic advantages. This study employed an ion-imprinting process to integrate La3+ ions into a newly developed derivative of aminoguanidine-chitosan (AGCS), synthesized via an innovative method. The process initiated with the modification of chitosan by attaching cyanoacetyl groups through amide bonds, yielding cyanoacetyl chitosan (CAC). This derivative underwent further modification with aminoguanidine to produce the chelating AGCS biopolymer. The binding of La3+ ions to AGCS occurred through imprinting and cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH), followed by the extraction of La3+, resulting in the La3+ ion-imprinted sorbent (La-AGCS). Structural confirmation of these chitosan derivatives was established through elemental analysis, FTIR, and NMR. SEM analysis revealed that La-AGCS exhibited a more porous structure compared to the smoother non-imprinted polymer (NIP). La-AGCS demonstrated superior La3+ capture capability, with a maximum capacity of 286 ± 1 mg/g. The adsorption process, fitting the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, indicated a primary chemisorption mechanism. Moreover, La-AGCS displayed excellent selectivity for La3+, exhibiting selectivity coefficients ranging from 4 to 13 against other metals. This study underscores a strategic approach in designing advanced materials tailored for La3+ removal, capitalizing on specific chelator properties and ion-imprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia H Elsayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia; Center for Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies, University of Tabuk, Tabuk Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasser A Alamrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raedah A S Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Menier Al-Anazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duna A K Alenazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliyah S Alhawiti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M Almutairi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Al-Anazi
- Department of Computer of Science, Faculty of computers and information technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Monier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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5
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Balram, Kaith BS. Sequestration of Cr (VI) from water using agar-polyvinyl alcohol based cation exchanger. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128516. [PMID: 38040146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Present study focuses on the use of a biodegradable and cost-effective cation exchanger for removal of Cr (VI) metal ions from water sources. Semi-IPN was prepared through grafting of acrylamide onto agar-polyvinyl alcohol backbone in presence of boric acid and ammonium per sulphate as crosslinker-initiator system. Graft copolymer was converted to cation exchanger through phosphorylation. Characterization was done using methods such as FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRD. Semi-IPN exhibited higher thermal resistance. The findings revealed that the optimum conditions for Cr (VI) removal are pH = 4.0; contact time (min) = 360; adsorbent dose (mg) = 125 and metal ion concentration(mg/L) =2. The adsorption kinetics of Cr (VI) ions are best fit by the pseudo second order kinetic with 0.99 R2 and Kf (rate constant) was found to be 0.97 thereby supporting the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption isotherm models used in this study were consistent with the Freundlich model, but the pseudo second order model was the most accurate description of the adsorption kinetics. The present investigation showed an excellent potential with 85 % adsorption capacity for the removal of Cr (VI). Moreover, reusability studies showed that the cation exchanger can be used effectively up to four cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India.
| | - Balbir Singh Kaith
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India.
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6
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Arvand MP, Moghimi A, Salehi N. A novel removal of Ni 2+ ions from water solutions using dispersive solid-phase extraction method with nano Fe 3O 4/chitosan-acrylamide hydrogel. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:136. [PMID: 38200248 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The effluent release containing heavy metals as Ni2+ ions has drastic risks to both the natural environment and human health. In this research, the nano Fe3O4/chitosan-acrylamide hydrogel was prepared as a novel nano sorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of Ni2+ ions and applied to the water sample solution. The pH, amount and type of elution solvent, the extraction time, etc. were optimized to improve the efficiency of the proposed method. Analytical parameters such as concentration factor and relative standard deviation (%) were achieved as 33.3 and 1.8%, respectively. The capacity in equilibrium sorption was calculated at 22.54 mg g-1. Furthermore, to estimate the adsorption mode, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models were fitted with experimental isotherm data. Besides, to check the basic process of the metal adsorption mechanism, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Roginsky-Zeldovich models were investigated and the results were fitted with the pseudo-second-order model. The value of change in entropy (⊿S) obtained is -65.24 (J(mol K)-1). Negative values of change in enthalpy, ⊿H in (kJ mol-1) is -24.45 (kJ mol-1) which indicates both physical and chemical adsorptions involved in the process of adsorption. Finally, the nano Fe3O4/chitosan-acrylamide hydrogel exhibited high performance to remove the Ni2+ ions from water sample solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Moghimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Narges Salehi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Bekchanov D, Mukhamediev M, Yarmanov S, Lieberzeit P, Mujahid A. Functionalizing natural polymers to develop green adsorbents for wastewater treatment applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121397. [PMID: 37940289 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides an overview of scientific developments made in the last decade in the field of green adsorbents focusing on the modifications in natural polymers and their applications such as, wastewater treatment, and ion exchange. For this purpose, an introduction to the various methods of modifying natural polymers is first given, and then the properties, application, and future priorities of green adsorbents are also discussed. Methods of modification of natural polymers under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions using modifiers with different properties are also described. Various methods for modifying natural polymers and the use of the obtained green adsorbents are reviewed. A comparison of the sorption properties of green adsorbents based on natural polymers and other adsorbents used in industry has also been carried out. With the participation of green adsorbents based on natural polymers, the properties of treated wastewaters having toxic metal ions, organic dyes, petroleum products, and other harmful compounds was analyzed. Future perspectives on green adsorbents based on natural polymers are as also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davronbek Bekchanov
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan.
| | - Mukhtar Mukhamediev
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Peter Lieberzeit
- Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Adnan Mujahid
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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8
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Shaheen R, Yasin T, Ali Z, Khan AS, Adalat B, Tahir M, Khan SB. Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorptive Characteristics of Radiation-Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate Bamboo Fiber Composites. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38849-38859. [PMID: 37901518 PMCID: PMC10601089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a biosorbent was prepared through the radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) technique by using a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer. Functionalized bamboo materials were used for grafting. The grafting percentage (G %) of GMA on bamboo fibers was assessed based on the optimization of the absorbed dose and concentration of the monomer. The chemical modification of the polymerized product into the sulfonated form of the grafted biopolymer was carried out by using sodium sulfite solution. The modification of the biopolymer at various stages was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. By performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphological changes of the prepared biopolymer were analyzed. The temperature stability of the synthesized material was assessed by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. The prepared sulfonated biosorbent was used in the batch adsorption study for the uptake of copper. We examined a variety of variables, including pH, adsorbent dosage, and time. The adsorption kinetics were studied using pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models. Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters were also applied to study the adsorption capacity of the biosorbent. The maximum copper adsorption capacity was found to be 198 mg g-1 from the Langmuir isotherm. Copper adsorption followed PSO kinetics (R2 = 0.999). This inexpensive and eco-friendly biosorbent removed 96% of copper ions from the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Shaheen
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Yasin
- Department
of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering
and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), PO Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Zarshad Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Amir Sada Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Bushra Adalat
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Tahir
- Department
of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering
and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), PO Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sustainable Chitosan/Polybenzoxazine Films: Synergistically Improved Thermal, Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041021. [PMID: 36850303 PMCID: PMC9959427 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybenzoxazines (Pbzs) are considered as an advanced class of thermosetting phenolic resins as they overcome the shortcomings associated with novolac and resole type phenolic resins. Several advantages of these materials include curing without the use of catalysts, release of non-toxic by-products during curing, molecular design flexibility, near-zero shrinkage of the cured materials, low water absorption and so on. In spite of all these advantages, the brittleness of Pbz is a knotty problem that could be solved by blending with other polymers. Chitosan (Ch), has been extensively investigated in this context, but its thermal and mechanical properties rule out its practical applications. The purpose of this work is to fabricate an entirely bio-based Pbz films by blending chitosan with benzoxazine (Bzo), which is synthesized from curcumin and furfuryl amine (curcumin-furfurylamine-based Bzo, C-fu), by making use of a benign Schiff base chemistry. FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the structure of C-fu. The impact of chitosan on benzoxazine polymerization was examined using FT-IR and DSC analyses. Further evidence for synergistic interactions was provided by DSC, SEM, TGA, and tensile testing. By incorporating C-fu into Ch, Ch-grafted-poly(C-fu) films were obtained with enhanced chemical resistance and tensile strength. The bio-based polymer films produced inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, by reversible labile linkages, expanding Ch galleries, and releasing phenolic species, which was 125 times stronger than bare Ch. In addition, synthesized polybenzoxazine films [Ch/Poly(C-fu)] showed significant dose-dependent antibiofilm activity against S. aureus and E. coli as determined by confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This study suggests that bio-based Ch-graft-polymer material provide improved anti-bacterial property and characteristics that may be considered as a possibility in the near future for wound healing and implant applications.
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10
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Atamanova OV, Tikhomirova EI, Romanevich AS, Glubokaya AS, Podoksenov AA. Improving the Quality of Wastewater Treatment by Flocculation. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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11
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Enhanced separation of base metal sulfides in flotation systems using Chitosan-grafted-Polyacrylamides. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Patra R, Ghosal K, Saha R, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay S, Sarkar K. Advances in the Development of Biodegradable Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications with Respect to Their Synthesis Procedures, Degradation Properties, Toxicity, Stability and Applications. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MATERIALS: PLASTICS AND POLYMERS 2022:567-592. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820352-1.00252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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13
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Gamal A, Ibrahim AG, Eliwa EM, El-Zomrawy AH, El-Bahy SM. Synthesis and characterization of a novel benzothiazole functionalized chitosan and its use for effective adsorption of Cu(II). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1283-1292. [PMID: 34000306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of water with the copper(II) ions leads to serious diseases such as liver damage and cancer. This deadly effect prompted us to target the synthesis of a novel functionalized chitosan (Cs-BT) to be used as an adsorbent for removing the copper(II) ions from the aqueous solution. The functionalization was done by introducing benzothiazole moiety into the chitosan (Cs) chain and confirmed by the full disappearance of the NH2 band in the FT-IR spectrum of the adsorbent. The TGA-DTG analysis revealed that the functionalization reduced the thermal stability of the adsorbent (Cs-BT) as compared with pure chitosan. The adsorption was evidenced by SEM and EDX analysis. The adsorption study demonstrated that the optimal adsorption conditions were 120 min contact time, pH = 6, and initial Cu(II) concentration 200 mg/L. At these conditions, the Cs-BT achieved a maximum copper adsorption capacity of 1439.7 mg/g. Consequently, Cs-BT could be a promising and efficient Cu adsorbent in water treatment. Study the adsorption kinetics and isotherms manifested that the pseudo-first-order was better than pseudo-second-order and Temkin isotherm was better than Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich for explaining the adsorption process. The calculated thermodynamic parameters implied the spontaneity and the endothermic nature of the adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gamal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Galal Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Essam M Eliwa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salah M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Elsayed NH, Alatawi RAS, Monier M. Amidoxime modified chitosan based ion-imprinted polymer for selective removal of uranyl ions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 256:117509. [PMID: 33483030 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ion-imprinting strategy was utilized in the development of UO2(II) imprinted amidoxime modified chitosan sorbent (U-AOCS) that can selectively remove UO2(II) from water. First, cyanoactic acid was linked to the chitosan -NH2 groups and then the inserted -CN groups were converted into amidoxime moieties, which chelate the UO2(II) ions and then the polymer chains were cross-linked by glyoxal. The UO2(II) ions have been then eluted leaving their matching recognition sites. The prepared U-AOCS along with the control NIP displayed maximum capacities toward the UO2(II) ions around 332 and 186 mg/g, respectively, and the isotherms were interpreted better by the Langmuir model in both adsorbents. Moreover, the selective uptake of the uranyl ions in multi-ionic aqueous solutions containing the tetravalent Th(IV) ions, trivalent Al(III), Eu(III), and Fe(III) ions, beside the divalent Pb(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) ions confirmed the successful creation of a considerable UO2(II) ions selectivity in the U-AOCS construction. In addition, the U-AOCS adsorbent displayed economic feasibility by maintaining around 95 % of its initial efficiency after the regeneration and reuse for 5 adsorption/desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia H Elsayed
- Department of Chemistry, University College-Alwajh, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
| | - Raedah A S Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Monier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu El-Bahr, Saudi Arabia.
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Functionalized Wool as an Efficient and Sustainable Adsorbent for Removal of Zn(II) from an Aqueous Solution. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143208. [PMID: 32708467 PMCID: PMC7411615 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the aim of the research was to obtain a highly efficient wool-based sorbent for the removal of zinc Zn(II) from wastewater. To increase the functional groups for metal binding, the wool was functionalized with chitosan. Chitosan has amino groups through which metals can be complexed easily to chelates. The physical and chemical modification of chitosan on wool was performed to analyze the influence of the coating bond on the final ability of the wool to remove metals. The presence of functional chitosan groups onto wool after adsorption was verified by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) spectra. The effective binding of chitosan to wool was also determined by potentiometric and polyelectrolyte titration methods. The latter titration was used to analyze the chitosan desorption. The main part of the study was the sorption of Zn(II) on natural and functionalized wool. The influence was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, metal ion concentration and temperature on the sorption process. The absorbent with the highest concentration of protonated amino groups (607.7 mmol/kg) and responding sorption capacity of 1.52 mg/g was obtained with wool physically modified by a macromolecular chitosan solution (1%) at pH = 7. Adsorption of Zn(II) onto pristine and modified wool corresponded to pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 > 0.9884). The Langmuir model was found to be more suitable (R2 > 0.9866) in comparison to the Freundlich model. The Zn(II) sorption process was spontaneous (∆G < 0) and exothermic (∆H < 0). The results found in this study are significant for escalating the possible use of wool modified with polysaccharide coatings as a sustainable source to improve or increase the metal sorption activity of wool.
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Beaugeard V, Muller J, Graillot A, Ding X, Robin JJ, Monge S. Acidic polymeric sorbents for the removal of metallic pollution in water: A review. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Rahman M, Thananukul K, Supmak W, Petchsuk A, Opaprakasit P. Synthesis and quantitative analyses of acrylamide-grafted poly(lactide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) amphiphilic copolymers for environmental and biomedical applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117447. [PMID: 31454688 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bio-degradable/bio-compatible poly(lactide-co-glycidyl methacrylate), P(LA-co-GMA), a copolymer has been synthesized. The material contains curable CC groups, which enable its self-curing and grafting reactions with other vinyl monomers. The copolymer was grafted with a pH-responsive polyacrylamide (PAAm), by UV-assisted reactions using acrylamide (AAm) and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide monomers, and various photoinitiator systems. The original copolymer and its partially-cured counterpart were employed in the grafting reaction. Chemical structures and properties of the resulting materials were characterized. Standard quantitative analysis techniques for measurement of the grafted AAm content and the degree of CC conversion have been developed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR offers more advantages, in terms of non-destructive analysis, ease of operation, and lower cost of analysis. The results show that the grafted products from pre-cured P(LA-co-GMA) copolymers contain higher grafted AAm contents than their uncured counterparts. The highest grafted AAm content was obtained by using benzophenone (BP) as an initiator, while camphorquinone (CQ) led to the lowest content. In contrast, the degree of CC conversion of the copolymer from the two initiator systems shows a reverse trend. These amphiphilic and pH-responsive grafted copolymers with tunable AAm contents have a high potential for use in various applications, especially in biomedical and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahman
- School of Biochemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University (TU), Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
| | - Kamonchanok Thananukul
- School of Biochemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University (TU), Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Wilairat Supmak
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Atitsa Petchsuk
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School of Biochemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University (TU), Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
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18
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Fraczyk J, Wasko J, Walczak M, Kaminski ZJ, Puchowicz D, Kaminska I, Bogun M, Kolasa M, Stodolak-Zych E, Scislowska-Czarnecka A, Kolesinska B. Conjugates of Copper Alginate with Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid (RGD) for Potential Use in Regenerative Medicine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E337. [PMID: 31940765 PMCID: PMC7013949 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current restrictions on the use of antibiotics, associated with increases in bacterial resistance, require new solutions, including materials with antibacterial properties. In this study, copper alginate fibers obtained using the classic wet method were used to make nonwovens which were modified with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) derivatives. Stable polysaccharide-peptide conjugates formed by coupling with 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium toluene-4-sulfonate (DMT/NMM/TosO-), and materials with physically embedded RGD derivatives, were obtained. The materials were found to be characterized by very high antibacterial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. Cytotoxicity studies confirmed that the materials are not cytotoxic. Copper alginate conjugates with RGD peptides have strong potential for use in regenerative medicine, due to their biocompatibility and innate antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fraczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90‐924 Lodz, Poland; (J.F.); (J.W.); (M.W.); (Z.J.K.)
| | - Joanna Wasko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90‐924 Lodz, Poland; (J.F.); (J.W.); (M.W.); (Z.J.K.)
| | - Malgorzata Walczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90‐924 Lodz, Poland; (J.F.); (J.W.); (M.W.); (Z.J.K.)
| | - Zbigniew J. Kaminski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90‐924 Lodz, Poland; (J.F.); (J.W.); (M.W.); (Z.J.K.)
| | - Dorota Puchowicz
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, Brzezinska 5/15, 92-103 Lodz, Poland; (D.P.); (I.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Irena Kaminska
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, Brzezinska 5/15, 92-103 Lodz, Poland; (D.P.); (I.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Maciej Bogun
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, Brzezinska 5/15, 92-103 Lodz, Poland; (D.P.); (I.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcin Kolasa
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stodolak-Zych
- Department of Biomaterials, AGH‐University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicz 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Scislowska-Czarnecka
- Academy of Physical Education, Department of Physiotherapy, Section of Anatomy, 31-008 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Beata Kolesinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90‐924 Lodz, Poland; (J.F.); (J.W.); (M.W.); (Z.J.K.)
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19
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Treating wool fibers with chitosan-based nano-composites for enhancing the antimicrobial properties. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Balitaan JNI, Yeh JM, Santiago KS. Marine waste to a functional biomaterial: Green facile synthesis of modified-β-chitin from Uroteuthis duvauceli pens (gladius). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1565-1575. [PMID: 31706816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant biomass on earth but exploited the least. In this study, wastes from Uroteuthis duvauceli was utilized to extract 38.79 ± 1.38% dry weight of β-chitin using a new combination of decolorization, demineralization, and deproteinization processes. β-chitin was then derivatized with acrylamide in an efficient and green aqueous 8 wt% NaOH/4 wt% urea solvent via one-pot etherification. The success of carbamoylethyl ether of chitin and carboxyethyl chitin synthesis was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and DSC. The synthesized acrylamide-modified β-chitin derivatives were shown to exhibit water solubility and lower decomposition temperatures, which are primarily due to the disruption of the crystalline structure of β-chitin upon its dissolution and modification. In this era of climate change, this desirable strategy of harnessing β-chitin from wastes and converting it to value-added products is highly sought to mitigate the continuing ecological and economical imbalance brought about by marine-food wastes. To the best of our knowledge, this novel contribution is the first to report biorefinery of squid pens from this particular species and functionalizing it with acrylamide in a facile manner, thus, offering greater potential for future development to biocompatible chitin-based biomaterials intended for industrial, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolleen Natalie I Balitaan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila 1008, Philippines; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila 1008, Philippines; Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Karen S Santiago
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila 1008, Philippines; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila 1008, Philippines; Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Manila 1008, Philippines.
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21
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Sutirman ZA, Sanagi MM, Abd Karim KJ, Abu Naim A, Wan Ibrahim WA. Enhanced removal of Orange G from aqueous solutions by modified chitosan beads: Performance and mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1260-1267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Labidi A, Salaberria AM, Labidi J, Abderrabba M. Preparation of novel carboxymethylchitosan-graft-poly(methylmethacrylate) under microwave irradiation as a chitosan-based material for Hg2+ removal. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Shi Z, Jia C, Wang D, Deng J, Xu G, Wu C, Dong M, Guo Z. Synthesis and characterization of porous tree gum grafted copolymer derived from Prunus cerasifera gum polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:964-970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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24
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Grafting of chitosan-acrylamide hybrid on the wool: Characterization, reactive dyeing, antioxidant and antibacterial studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:1170-1178. [PMID: 31128183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new approach to enhance reactive dye uptake and functional finishing of wool yarns via simple grafting with synthesized chitosan-acrylamide (Ch-Ac) hybrid. To this, Ch-Ac was synthesized and characterized with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Then, Ch-Ac was grafted on wool, characterized with FTIR, SEM, and weight gain analysis and dyeability with two commercial reactive dyes. Results showed that Ch-Ac treated wool could be dyed at lower temperatures (ca. 40 °C), times (ca. 30 min), and amount of reactive dye (2% owf) as compared to raw wool. Also, deeper shades not obtainable in conventional dyeing could be attained using Ch-Ac treated wool. In addition, Ch-Ac treatment imparted very good radical scavenging and excellent antibacterial activity against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. Color fastness results confirmed that Ch-Ac treatment had no adverse effect on durability of dyes against washing, light, rubbing and perspiration. The results of this study clearly indicated that Ch-Ac can be used in eco-friendly functional finishing of wool with enhanced reactive dye uptake, minimized residual dye in wastewater, saving in consumption of chemicals, energy, and time of dyeing.
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25
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Ibrahim AG, Saleh AS, Elsharma EM, Metwally E, Siyam T. Chitosan‑g‑maleic acid for effective removal of copper and nickel ions from their solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1287-1294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Zhang W, Hu L, Hu S, Liu Y. Optimized synthesis of novel hydrogel for the adsorption of copper and cobalt ions in wastewater. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16058-16068. [PMID: 35521424 PMCID: PMC9064371 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00227h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions in wastewater endanger the environment and even human life. In this study, an optimized method was used to synthesize an excellent hydrogel to treat these metal ions. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and applied to treat the Cu(ii) and Co(ii) ions in wastewater. In the adsorption experiment, the influential factors such as pH, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage and concentration of heavy metal ions and regeneration efficiency were evaluated, and the adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were studied. The orthogonal optimization results show that the best condition for synthesis was when the degree of neutralization of acrylic acid (A) was 70%, the quantity of glucose (B) was 0.2 g, the quantity of chitosan (C) was 0.05 g, and the quantity of initiator (D) was 0.03 g. The influence of the four factors was in the order D > B > C > A. The adsorption performance was optimal under neutral conditions and the dosage of 0.02 g adsorbent was chosen as the best. Experiments show that the composite hydrogels exhibited excellent performance under optimal conditions: at 20 °C and pH = 7, the adsorption capacity of 100 mg L−1 of Cu(ii) by 0.01 g hydrogel was 286 mg g−1. The adsorption process of heavy metal ions by hydrogels conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model, which indicate a spontaneous endothermic reaction. Moreover, after five cycles, the removal rates of Cu(ii) and Co(ii) were 81% and 74.8%, respectively. Metal ions in wastewater endanger the environment and even human life. In this study, an optimized method was used to synthesize an excellent hydrogel to treat these metal ions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- North University of China
- 030051 Taiyuan
- China
| | - Lishuang Hu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- North University of China
- 030051 Taiyuan
- China
| | - Shuangqi Hu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- North University of China
- 030051 Taiyuan
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering
- North University of China
- 030051 Taiyuan
- China
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27
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Rahangdale D, Kumar A. Water compatible functionalized chitosan-based 4-HBA mimic imprinted polymer as a potential sorbent for salicylic acid. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1546739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Rahangdale
- Chemistry Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Chemistry Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
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Rahangdale D, Kumar A. Chitosan as a substrate for simultaneous surface imprinting of salicylic acid and cadmium. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:334-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Sutirman ZA, Sanagi MM, Abd Karim KJ, Wan Ibrahim WA, Jume BH. Equilibrium, kinetic and mechanism studies of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions adsorption by modified chitosan beads. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:255-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Sajid MA, Shahzad SA, Hussain F, Skene WG, Khan ZA, Yar M. Synthetic modifications of chitin and chitosan as multipurpose biopolymers: A review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1465096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie, Pavillon JA Bombardier, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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New crosslinked-chitosan graft poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:891-897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Rahman M, Opaprakasit P. Quantitative Analysis of Polyacrylamide Grafted on Polylactide Film Surfaces Employing Spectroscopic Techniques. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2457-2468. [PMID: 28777002 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817727752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Standard techniques for quantitative measurement of polyacrylamide (PAm) contents grafted on polylactide (PLA) film substrates, P(LA- g-Am- co-MBAm), which are commonly used as cell culture substrates or scaffolds, and pH-sensitive absorbents have been developed with X-ray photoelectron (XPS), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The techniques are then applied to examine P(LA- g-Am- co-MBAm) samples prepared from two separate photo-initiator/co-initiator systems. Efficiency and accuracy of the techniques are compared. The results from all techniques are in good agreement, indicating high analysis precisions, although FT-IR technique provides additional advantages, in terms of short analysis time, ease of sample preparation, and accessibility of a machine. The results indicate that the riboflavin (RF) initiator system has higher grafting efficiency than its camphorquinone (CQ) counterpart. These standard techniques can be applied in the analysis of these materials and further modified for quantitative analysis of other grafting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahman
- School of Biochemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121 Thailand
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School of Biochemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121 Thailand
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34
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Su X, Mahalingam S, Edirisinghe M, Chen B. Highly Stretchable and Highly Resilient Polymer-Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Low Hysteresis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:22223-22234. [PMID: 28609609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable and highly resilient polymer-clay nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by in situ polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of pristine montmorillonite (MMT) or chitosan-treated MMT nanoplatelets at an elevated temperature. Both nanocomposite hydrogels can be stretched to a strain of no less than 1290%. The treatment of clay with chitosan improves the tensile strength, elongation at break, and energy at break of the nanocomposite hydrogel by 237%, 102%, and 389%, respectively, due to the strong chitosan-MMT electrostatic interaction and the grafting of polyacrylamide onto chitosan chains. Both hydrogels display excellent resilience with low hysteresis; with a maximum tensile strain of 50%, ultralow hysteresis is found, while, with a maximum strain of 500%, both hydrogels fully recover their original state in just 1 min. The superb resilience of the nanocomposite hydrogels is attributed to the strong interactions within the hydrogels brought by chain branching, multiple hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, and/or electrostatic force. The hydrogels can be fabricated into different shapes and forms, including microfibers spun using pressurized gyration, which may find a variety of potential applications in particular in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Suntharavathanan Mahalingam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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35
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Lalita, Singh AP, Sharma RK. Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers of chitosan with NIPAM and binary monomers for removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Fe(II) metal ions from aqueous solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:409-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Highly efficient removal of copper ions from water using poly(acrylic acid)-grafted chitosan adsorbent. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Verma R, Asthana A, Singh AK, Prasad S. An arginine functionalized magnetic nano-sorbent for simultaneous removal of three metal ions from water samples. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using eco-friendly biodegradable arginine functionalized magnetic nanoparticle entrapped chitosan beads (AFMNPECBs) for simultaneous removal of three metal ions from water samples was evaluated under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Government V.Y.T. Postgraduate Autonomous College
- Durg
- India
| | - Anupama Asthana
- Department of Chemistry
- Government V.Y.T. Postgraduate Autonomous College
- Durg
- India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Government V.Y.T. Postgraduate Autonomous College
- Durg
- India
| | - Surendra Prasad
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment
- The University of the South Pacific
- Suva
- Fiji
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38
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QbD based synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide grafted corn fibre gum. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Jung S, Abel JH, Starger JL, Yi H. Porosity-Tuned Chitosan–Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Microspheres for Improved Protein Conjugation. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2427-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukwon Jung
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John H. Abel
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jesse L. Starger
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hyunmin Yi
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
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40
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Sutirman ZA, Sanagi MM, Abd Karim KJ, Wan Ibrahim WA. Preparation of methacrylamide-functionalized crosslinked chitosan by free radical polymerization for the removal of lead ions. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:1091-1099. [PMID: 27474659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new poly(methacrylamide) grafted crosslinked chitosan was prepared for removal of lead, Pb(II) ion from aqueous solution. Crosslinked chitosan, in beads form, was grafted with methacrylamide (MAm) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as free radical initiator. Evidence of grafting was determined by comparing FTIR, TGA, SEM and (13)C NMR analyses of chitosan and graft copolymer. The optimal conditions for grafting reaction were as follow: crosslinked chitosan beads (1g), MAm (17.62×10(-1)M), APS (2.63×10(-1)M), reaction time (3h) and temperature (60°C). The modified chitosan bead was then used in laboratory batch experiments to evaluate the removal of Pb(II) ion from water samples. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were also applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The results revealed that the adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto the beads fitted very well with the Langmuir model with the maximum capacity (qmax) of 250mgg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetty Azalea Sutirman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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41
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Lv L, Zhang J, Yuan S, Huang L, Tang S, Liang B, Pehkonen SO. Enhanced adsorption of Cu(ii) ions on chitosan microspheres functionalized with polyethylenimine-conjugated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16226f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosslinked chitosan microspheres were tethered with branched polyethylenimine-conjugated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes via surface-initiated ATRP and were further utilized as novel adsorbent to purify Cu(ii)-contaminated aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lv
- Multi-phases Mass Transfer & Reaction Engineering Lab
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Multi-phases Mass Transfer & Reaction Engineering Lab
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shaojun Yuan
- Multi-phases Mass Transfer & Reaction Engineering Lab
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Liqiang Huang
- Multi-phases Mass Transfer & Reaction Engineering Lab
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shengwei Tang
- Multi-phases Mass Transfer & Reaction Engineering Lab
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Bin Liang
- Multi-phases Mass Transfer & Reaction Engineering Lab
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Simo O. Pehkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- University of Eastern Finland
- 70211 Kuopio
- Finland
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42
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Khalil ES, Saad B, Negim ESM, Saleh MI. Novel water-soluble chitosan derivative prepared by graft polymerization of dicyandiamide: synthesis, characterisation, and its antibacterial property. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Bulut E. Controlled delivery of the popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, paracetamol, from chitosan-g-polyacrylamide microspheres prepared by the emulsion crosslinking technique. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1482-90. [PMID: 25985724 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1042109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide (CS-g-PAAm) microspheres as drug delivery matrices of paracetamol were prepared by the emulsion crosslinking technique, using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. Graft copolymer of chitosan with acrylamide was synthesized using cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN). The microspheres formed had average particle sizes in the range of 78-252 μm. Paracetamol entrapment efficiency was found to vary between 31.89% and 72.61%, as determined by UV spectroscopy. Drug release in acidic and phosphate buffer solutions (pH 1.2 and 7.4) of the CS-g-PAAm microspheres was influenced by formulation factors such as the concentration of CS-g-PAAm, the paracetamol/polymer ratio (w/w), and the amount of crosslinker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Bulut
- a Department of Chemistry , Science and Arts Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
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44
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Novel pH-sensitive blend microspheres for controlled release of nifedipine – An antihypertensive drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:505-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Bhattacharyya R, Ray SK. Enhanced adsorption of synthetic dyes from aqueous solution by a semi-interpenetrating network hydrogel based on starch. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Sharma RK, Lalita, Singh AP, Chauhan GS. Grafting of GMA and some comonomers onto chitosan for controlled release of diclofenac sodium. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:368-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Alhwaige AA, Agag T, Ishida H, Qutubuddin S. Biobased Chitosan/Polybenzoxazine Cross-Linked Films: Preparation in Aqueous Media and Synergistic Improvements in Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1806-15. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almahdi A. Alhwaige
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7217, United States
| | - Tarek Agag
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202,
United States
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202,
United States
| | - Syed Qutubuddin
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7217, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202,
United States
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48
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Ding F, Shi X, Jiang Z, Liu L, Cai J, Li Z, Chen S, Du Y. Electrochemically stimulated drug release from dual stimuli responsive chitin hydrogel. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1729-1737. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Chitosan/TPP microparticles obtained by microemulsion method applied in controlled release of heparin. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Kumar P, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Modi G, Naidoo D, Pillay V. Novel high-viscosity polyacrylamidated chitosan for neural tissue engineering: fabrication of anisotropic neurodurable scaffold via molecular disposition of persulfate-mediated polymer slicing and complexation. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203044 PMCID: PMC3509560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroporous polyacrylamide-grafted-chitosan scaffolds for neural tissue engineering were fabricated with varied synthetic and viscosity profiles. A novel approach and mechanism was utilized for polyacrylamide grafting onto chitosan using potassium persulfate (KPS) mediated degradation of both polymers under a thermally controlled environment. Commercially available high molecular mass polyacrylamide was used instead of the acrylamide monomer for graft copolymerization. This grafting strategy yielded an enhanced grafting efficiency (GE = 92%), grafting ratio (GR = 263%), intrinsic viscosity (IV = 5.231 dL/g) and viscometric average molecular mass (MW = 1.63 × 106 Da) compared with known acrylamide that has a GE = 83%, GR = 178%, IV = 3.901 dL/g and MW = 1.22 × 106 Da. Image processing analysis of SEM images of the newly grafted neurodurable scaffold was undertaken based on the polymer-pore threshold. Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR spectral analyses in conjugation with DSC were used for the characterization and comparison of the newly grafted copolymers. Static Lattice Atomistic Simulations were employed to investigate and elucidate the copolymeric assembly and reaction mechanism by exploring the spatial disposition of chitosan and polyacrylamide with respect to the reactional profile of potassium persulfate. Interestingly, potassium persulfate, a peroxide, was found to play a dual role initially degrading the polymers—“polymer slicing”—thereby initiating the formation of free radicals and subsequently leading to synthesis of the high molecular mass polyacrylamide-grafted-chitosan (PAAm-g-CHT)—“polymer complexation”. Furthermore, the applicability of the uniquely grafted scaffold for neural tissue engineering was evaluated via PC12 neuronal cell seeding. The novel PAAm-g-CHT exhibited superior neurocompatibility in terms of cell infiltration owing to the anisotropic porous architecture, high molecular mass mediated robustness, superior hydrophilicity as well as surface charge due to the acrylic chains. Additionally, these results suggested that the porous PAAm-g-CHT scaffold may act as a potential neural cell carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; E-Mails: (P.K.); (Y.E.C.); (L.C.T.)
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; E-Mails: (P.K.); (Y.E.C.); (L.C.T.)
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; E-Mails: (P.K.); (Y.E.C.); (L.C.T.)
| | - Girish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Dinesh Naidoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Viness Pillay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; E-Mails: (P.K.); (Y.E.C.); (L.C.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +27-11-717-2274; Fax: +27-11-642-4355
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