1
|
Nasaj M, Chehelgerdi M, Asghari B, Ahmadieh-Yazdi A, Asgari M, Kabiri-Samani S, Sharifi E, Arabestani M. Factors influencing the antimicrobial mechanism of chitosan action and its derivatives: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134321. [PMID: 39084423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan, a versatile amino polysaccharide biopolymer derived from chitin, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi. Due to its ubiquitous use in medications, food, cosmetics, chemicals, and crops, it is an effective antibacterial agent. However, the antimicrobial performance of chitosan is influenced by multiple factors, which have been extensively investigated and reported in the literature. The goal of this review paper is to present a thorough grasp of the mechanisms of action and determining variables of chitosan and its derivatives' antibacterial activity. The article begins by providing a brief background on chitosan and its antimicrobial properties, followed by the importance of understanding the mechanism of action and factors influencing its activity".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nasaj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Babak Asghari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadieh-Yazdi
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Asgari
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Hamadan university of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri-Samani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran; Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evaluating Non-Conventional Chitosan Sources for Controlled Release of Risperidone. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071355. [PMID: 35406227 PMCID: PMC9002647 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, two chitosan samples from cuttlebone and squid pen are produced and characterized. We studied the formation of thermoresponsive hydrogels with β-glycerol phosphate and found proper formulations that form the hydrogels at 37 °C. Gel formation depended on the chitosan source being possible to produce the thermoresponsive hydrogels at chitosan concentration of 1% with cuttlebone chitosan but 1.5% was needed for squid pen. For the first time, these non-commercial chitosan sources have been used in combination with β-glycerol phosphate to prepare risperidone formulations for controlled drug delivery. Three types of formulations for risperidone-controlled release have been developed, in-situ gelling formulations, hydrogels and xerogels. The release profiles show that in-situ gelling formulations and particularly hydrogels allow an extended control release of risperidone while xerogels are not appropriate formulations for this end since risperidone was completely released in 48 h.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tucker LJ, Grant CS, Gautreaux MA, Amarasekara DL, Fitzkee NC, Janorkar AV, Varadarajan A, Kundu S, Priddy LB. Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Fosfomycin. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:144. [PMID: 33800864 PMCID: PMC8001123 DOI: 10.3390/md19030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels-renewable, biocompatible materials-have many applications as injectable biomaterials for localized drug delivery in the treatment of a variety of diseases. To combat infections such as Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis, localized antibiotic delivery would allow for higher doses at the site of infection without the risks associated with traditional antibiotic regimens. Fosfomycin, a small antibiotic in its own class, was loaded into a chitosan hydrogel system with varied beta-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) and fosfomycin (FOS) concentrations. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interactions between FOS and chitosan hydrogel. The Kirby Bauer assay revealed an unexpected concentration-dependent inhibition of S. aureus, with reduced efficacy at the high FOS concentration but only at the low β-GP concentration. No effect of FOS concentration was observed for the planktonic assay. Rheological testing revealed that increasing β-GP concentration increased the storage modulus while decreasing gelation temperature. NMR showed that FOS was removed from the liquid portion of the hydrogel by reaction over 12 h. SEM and FTIR confirmed gels degraded and released organophosphates over 5 days. This work provides insight into the physicochemical interactions between fosfomycin and chitosan hydrogel systems and informs selection of biomaterial components for improving infection treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Tucker
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (L.J.T.); (C.S.G.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Christine S. Grant
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (L.J.T.); (C.S.G.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Malley A. Gautreaux
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (L.J.T.); (C.S.G.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Dhanush L. Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (D.L.A.); (N.C.F.)
| | - Nicholas C. Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (D.L.A.); (N.C.F.)
| | - Amol V. Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Anandavalli Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.V.); (S.K.)
| | - Lauren B. Priddy
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (L.J.T.); (C.S.G.); (M.A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajabi M, McConnell M, Cabral J, Ali MA. Chitosan hydrogels in 3D printing for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117768. [PMID: 33712126 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have entered a new stage of development by the recent progress in biology, material sciences, and particularly an emerging additive manufacturing technique, three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing is an advanced biofabrication technique which can generate patient-specific scaffolds with highly complex geometries while hosting cells and bioactive agents to accelerate tissue regeneration. Chitosan hydrogels themselves have been widely used for various biomedical applications due to its abundant availability, structural features and favorable biological properties; however, the 3D printing of chitosan-based hydrogels is still under early exploration. Therefore, 3D printing technologies represent a new avenue to explore the potential application of chitosan as an ink for 3D printing, or as a coating on other 3D printed scaffolds. The combination of chitosan-based hydrogels and 3D printing holds much promise in the development of next generation biomedical implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rajabi
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jaydee Cabral
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Azam Ali
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Talaat W, Aryal Ac S, Al Kawas S, Samsudin ABR, Kandile NG, Harding DRK, Ghoneim MM, Zeiada W, Jagal J, Aboelnaga A, Haider M. Nanoscale Thermosensitive Hydrogel Scaffolds Promote the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem and Progenitor Cells: A Minimally Invasive Approach for Cartilage Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7775-7789. [PMID: 33116500 PMCID: PMC7567564 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s274418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several scaffolds and cell sources are being investigated for cartilage regeneration. The aim of the study was to prepare nanocellulose-based thermosensitive injectable hydrogel scaffolds and assess their potential as 3D scaffolds allowing the chondrogenic differentiation of embedded human dental pulp stem and progenitor cells (hDPSCs). Materials and Methods The hydrogel-forming solutions were prepared by adding β-glycerophosphate (GP) to chitosan (CS) at different ratios. Nanocellulose (NC) suspension was produced from hemp hurd then added dropwise to the CS/GP mixture. In vitro characterization of the prepared hydrogels involved optimizing gelation and degradation time, mass-swelling ratio, and rheological properties. The hydrogel with optimal characteristics, NC-CS/GP-21, was selected for further investigation including assessment of biocompatibility. The chondrogenesis ability of hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel was investigated in vitro and compared to that of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), then was confirmed in vivo in 12 adult Sprague Dawley rats. Results The selected hydrogel showed stability in culture media, had a gelation time of 2.8 minutes, showed a highly porous microstructure by scanning electron microscope, and was morphologically intact in vivo for 14 days after injection. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses and real-time PCR confirmed the chondrogenesis ability of hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel. Conclusion Our results suggest that nanocellulose–chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel is a biocompatible, injectable, mechanically stable and slowly degradable scaffold. hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel is a promising, minimally invasive, stem cell-based strategy for cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Talaat
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia 41522, Egypt
| | - Smriti Aryal Ac
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - A B Rani Samsudin
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia G Kandile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - David R K Harding
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Mohamed M Ghoneim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Waleed Zeiada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Public Works Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jayalakshmi Jagal
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Aboelnaga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Haider
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia S, Zhang L, Davletshin A, Li Z, You J, Tan S. Application of Polysaccharide Biopolymer in Petroleum Recovery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091860. [PMID: 32824986 PMCID: PMC7564477 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide biopolymers are biomacromolecules derived from renewable resources with versatile functions including thickening, crosslinking, adsorption, etc. Possessing high efficiency and low cost, they have brought wide applications in all phases of petroleum recovery, from well drilling to wastewater treatment. The biopolymers are generally utilized as additives of fluids or plugging agents, to correct the fluid properties that affect the performance and cost of petroleum recovery. This review focuses on both the characteristics of biopolymers and their utilization in the petroleum recovery process. Research on the synthesis and characterization of polymers, as well as controlling their structures through modification, aims to develop novel recipes of biopolymer treatment with new application realms. The influences of biopolymer in many petroleum recovery cases were also evaluated to permit establishing the correlations between their physicochemical properties and performances. As their performance is heavily affected by the local environment, screening and testing polymers under controlled conditions is the necessary step to guarantee the efficiency and safety of biopolymer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunxiang Xia
- Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-991-8496
| | - Laibao Zhang
- Independent Researcher, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA;
| | - Artur Davletshin
- Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77023, USA; (Z.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiahui You
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77023, USA; (Z.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bioinspired pH-sensitive riboflavin controlled-release alkaline hydrogels based on blue crab chitosan: Study of the effect of polymer characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:1252-1264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Acetylation degree, a key parameter modulating chitosan rheological, thermal and film-forming properties. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
10
|
Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES: A REFERENCE SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Qin H, Wang J, Wang T, Gao X, Wan Q, Pei X. Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate Thermal-Sensitive Hydrogel Reinforced by Graphene Oxide. Front Chem 2018; 6:565. [PMID: 30555817 PMCID: PMC6282227 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal-sensitive hydrogel based on chitosan (CS) and β-glycerophosphate (GP) has shown good biocompatibility and biodegradability. But the application of such hydrogel is limited due to its poor mechanical property. Recently, graphene oxide(GO) is widely used as a reinforcement agent to prepare nanocomposites with different polymers for improving the properties of the materials. In this study, CS/GP-based hydrogels with different weight ratio of GO/CS (0.5, 1, 2%) were fabricated. The gelation time of the hydrogels at body temperature was evaluated by tube inverting method. The gelation process during heating was monitored by rheological measurement. The morphology, porosities, chemical structure, swelling properties of the lyophilized hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, liquid displacement method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gravimetric method. Mechanical property of the hydrogels was analyzed by rheological measurement and unconfined compression test. MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cell line was used to assess the biological properties of the hydrogels. The results obtained from those assessments revealed that the addition of GO into CS/GP improved the properties of the prepared hydrogels without changing the high porous and interconnected microstructure and swelling ability of the hydrogels. The gelation time at body temperature was significantly reduced by nearly 20% with the addition of small amount of GO (0.5% weight ratio of CS). The mechanical properties of the hydrogels containing GO were improved significantly over that of CS/GP. The storage (G′)/loss (G″) moduli of the hydrogels with GO were 1.12 to 1.69 times that of CS/GP at the gelling temperature. The Young's modulus of 0.5%GO/CS/GP hydrogel is 1.76 times that of CS/GP. Moreover, the 0.5%GO/CS/GP hydrogel revealed remarkable biological affinity such as cellular attachment, viability and proliferation. All of these results suggest that 0.5%GO/CS/GP hydrogel has great potential for practical application in biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianbing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Benamer W, Cellesi F, Tirelli N. Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate-based microparticles manufactured by laminar jet break-up technology. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:407-420. [PMID: 30134755 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1515996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study is about the use of β-glycerophosphate (βGP) to modulate the production of chitosan microparticles through a technology of jet break-up. βGP has been described as capable of producing chitosan gels without additional complexing agents via a thermal transition (inverse gelation). A preliminary assessment on the effect of temperature on the viscosity and gelation of chitosan/βGP precursors demonstrated that the crosslinking process was too slow to afford microparticle production via jet break-up. Instead, βGP was used as a solubilizer to provide stable chitosan solution at neutral pH, which allowed the preparation of microparticles through polyelectrolyte complexation (with triphosphate) under physiological conditions, as opposed to the more conventional method of chitosan solubilisation in acids. Here, the key parameters of the microencapsulation process have been optimized, aiming to produce spherical particle of well-defined size and circularity, as well as toroidal microparticles, with a physico-chemical evaluation of the products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wadiaa Benamer
- a Division of Pharmacy and Optometry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- a Division of Pharmacy and Optometry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- a Division of Pharmacy and Optometry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.,b Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genova , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sacco P, Furlani F, De Marzo G, Marsich E, Paoletti S, Donati I. Concepts for Developing Physical Gels of Chitosan and of Chitosan Derivatives. Gels 2018; 4:E67. [PMID: 30674843 PMCID: PMC6209275 DOI: 10.3390/gels4030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan macro- and micro/nano-gels have gained increasing attention in recent years, especially in the biomedical field, given the well-documented low toxicity, degradability, and non-immunogenicity of this unique biopolymer. In this review we aim at recapitulating the recent gelling concepts for developing chitosan-based physical gels. Specifically, we describe how nowadays it is relatively simple to prepare networks endowed with different sizes and shapes simply by exploiting physical interactions, namely (i) hydrophobic effects and hydrogen bonds-mostly governed by chitosan chemical composition-and (ii) electrostatic interactions, mainly ensured by physical/chemical chitosan features, such as the degree of acetylation and molecular weight, and external parameters, such as pH and ionic strength. Particular emphasis is dedicated to potential applications of this set of materials, especially in tissue engineering and drug delivery sectors. Lastly, we report on chitosan derivatives and their ability to form gels. Additionally, we discuss the recent findings on a lactose-modified chitosan named Chitlac, which has proved to form attractive gels both at the macro- and at the nano-scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gaia De Marzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34125 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haider M, Hassan MA, Ahmed IS, Shamma R. Thermogelling Platform for Baicalin Delivery for Versatile Biomedical Applications. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3478-3488. [PMID: 29953815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin (BG) is a natural glycoside with several promising therapeutic and preventive applications. However, its pharmaceutical potential is compromised by its poor water solubility, complex oral absorption kinetics, and low bioavailability. In this work, BG was incorporated in a series of chitosan (Ch)/glycerophosphate (GP)-based thermosensitive hydrogel formulations to improve its water solubility and control its release profile. Molecular interactions between BG and GP were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the ability of GP to enhance the water solubility of BG was studied in different release media. Drug-loaded Ch/GP hydrogels were prepared and characterized for their gelation time, swelling ratio, and rheological properties in addition to surface and internal microstructure. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were incorporated in the formulations at different ratios to study their effect on modulating the sol-gel behavior and the in vitro drug release. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were carried out using a rabbit model to study the ability of drug-loaded Ch/GP thermosensitive hydrogels to control the absorption rate and improve the bioavailability of BG. Results showed that the solubility of BG was enhanced in the presence of GP, while the incorporation of PEG and/or HPMC had an impact on gelation time, rheological behavior, and rate of drug release in vitro. PK results obtained following buccal application of drug-loaded Ch/GP thermosensitive hydrogels to rabbits showed that the rate of BG absorption was controlled and the in vivo bioavailability was increased by 330% relative to BG aqueous oral suspension. The proposed Ch/GP thermosensitive hydrogel is an easily modifiable delivery platform that is not only capable of improving the solubility and bioavailability of BG following buccal administration but also can be suited for various local and injectable therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
| | - Mariame A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
| | - Iman S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Skwarczynska A, Kaminska M, Owczarz P, Bartoszek N, Walkowiak B, Modrzejewska Z. The structural (FTIR, XRD, and XPS) and biological studies of thermosensitive chitosan chloride gels with β-glycerophosphate disodium. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Skwarczynska
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture; Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 6; Rzeszow 35-959 Poland
| | - Marta Kaminska
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15; Lodz 90-924 Poland
| | - Piotr Owczarz
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering; Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 175; Lodz 90-924 Poland
| | - Nina Bartoszek
- BioNanoPark Laboratories of Lodz Regional Park of Science and Technology, Dubois 144; Lodz 93-465 Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15; Lodz 90-924 Poland
- BioNanoPark Laboratories of Lodz Regional Park of Science and Technology, Dubois 144; Lodz 93-465 Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cong Z, Shi Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Niu J, Chen N, Xue H. A novel controlled drug delivery system based on alginate hydrogel/chitosan micelle composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:855-864. [PMID: 28935541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel cross-linked unimolecular micelle based on chitosan. For controlling drug delivery via oral administration, emodin (EMO) encapsulated micelles were loaded into sodium alginate hydrogel matrix to construct the pH-sensitive hydrogel/micelle composites. The optimized formulation of micelle that consists of 8.06% CaCl2, 1.71% chitosan and 26.52% β-GP was obtained by the combination of Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology. The morphological analysis showed that the micelles exhibited a smaller diameter of about 80nm in aqueous solution, but dilated to 100-200nm in hydrogel owing to the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes. The physical characteristics in simulated digestive fluids were investigated, demonstrating that the ratio of hydrogel to micelle distinctly affected swelling, degradation and in vitro drug release behaviors. The hydrogel/micelle (1:1) exhibited a sustained-release profile, while hydrogel/micelle (3:1) exhibited a colon-specific profile. Their corresponding release mechanisms revealed that the release of drug from these two formulations followed a complex process, in which several mechanisms were involved or occurred simultaneously. These results demonstrated that the pH-sensitive hydrogel/micelle composites constructed with biocompatible materials can be a promising sustained-release or site-specific drug delivery system for instable or hydrophobic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotong Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Frontage Laboratories Inc., 700 Pennsylvania Dr, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing'e Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nana Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haoyue Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu G, Yuan Y, He J, Li Y, Dai X, Zhao B. Stable thermosensitive in situ gel-forming systems based on the lyophilizate of chitosan/α,β-glycerophosphate salts. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:560-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Huang YC, Li RY, Chen JY, Chen JK. Biphasic release of gentamicin from chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 138:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
Hsieh YY, Chin HY, Tsai ML. Enrichment desired quality chitosan fraction and advance yield by sequential static and static–dynamic supercritical CO2. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
20
|
Glycerophosphate-based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels and their biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 117:524-536. [PMID: 25498667 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide composed of glucosamine and derived by deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel has been developed to form a gel in situ, precluding the need for surgical implantation. In this review, the recent advances in chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels based on different glycerophosphate are summarized. The hydrogel is prepared with chitosan and β-glycerophosphate or αβ-glycerophosphate which is liquid at room temperature and transits into gel as temperature increases. The gelation mechanism may involve multiple interactions between chitosan, glycerophosphate, and water. The solution behavior, rheological and physicochemical properties, and gelation process of the hydrogel are affected not only by the molecule weight, deacetylation degree, and concentration of chitosan, but also by the kind and concentration of glycerophosphate. The properties and the three-dimensional networks of the hydrogel offer them wide applications in biomedical field including local drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ghasemi Tahrir F, Ganji F, Mani AR, Khodaverdi E. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel for sustained release of insulin. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1038-46. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.932861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariba Ganji
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering,
| | - Ali Reza Mani
- Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, and
| | - Elham Khodaverdi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chang YL, Liu TC, Tsai ML. Selective isolation of trypsin inhibitor and lectin from soybean whey by chitosan/tripolyphosphate/genipin co-crosslinked beads. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9979-90. [PMID: 24901528 PMCID: PMC4100134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective isolation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and lectin from soybean whey solutions by different types of chitosan beads was investigated. The chitosan beads were co-crosslinked with tripolyphosphate/genipin in solutions at pH 5, 7 or 9 (CB5, CB7, CB9). The maximum adsorption ratios of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin were observed at pH 4.4 and 5.4, respectively; highly selective separation was also demonstrated at these pHs. The adsorption ratios increased with temperature, rising between 5 and 25 °C. CB9 produced the best adsorption ratio, followed by CB7 then CB5. The critical interaction governing absorption of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin could be hydrogen bonding. At pH 9, KTI and lectin desorbed efficiently from CB7 with desorption ratios of 80.9% and 81.4%, respectively. The desorption was most likely caused predominantly by electrostatic repulsion. KTI and lectin can effectively be selectively isolated from soybean whey using this novel separation technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lung Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Tristan C Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Lang Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Supper S, Anton N, Boisclair J, Seidel N, Riemenschnitter M, Curdy C, Vandamme T. Chitosan/glucose 1-phosphate as new stable in situ forming depot system for controlled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:361-73. [PMID: 24859306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS)-based thermosensitive solutions that turn into semi-solid hydrogels upon injection at body temperature have increasingly drawn attention over the last decades as an attractive new type of in situ forming depot (ISFD) drug delivery system. Despite the great potential of the standard CS/β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) thermogelling solutions, their lack of stability over time at room temperature as well as at refrigerated conditions renders them unsuitable as ready-to-use drug product. In the present study, we investigated Glucose-1-Phosphate (G1-P) as an alternative gelling agent for improving the stability of CS-based ISFD solutions. The in vitro release performance of CS/G1-P formulations was assessed using several model compounds. Furthermore, the local tolerance of subcutaneously implanted CS/G1-P hydrogels was investigated by histological examination over three weeks. The thermogelling potential of CS/G1-P solutions, determined by rheology, is dependent on the polymer molecular weight (Mw) and concentration as well as on the G1-P concentration. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements confirmed that sol/gel transition takes place at around body temperature and is not fully thermo-reversible. The long term storage stability was evaluated through the appearance, pH, viscosity and gelation time at 37°C of the solution. The results emphasized an enhanced stability of the CS/G1-P system compared to the standard CS/β-GP. CS solution with 0.40 mmol/g G1-P is stable for at least 9 months at 2-8°C, versus less than 1 month when using β-GP as gelling agent. Furthermore, the solution is easy to inject, as evidenced from injectability evaluation using 23-30 G needles. In vitro release experiments showed a sustained release over days to weeks for hydrophilic model compounds, demonstrating thereby that CS/G1-P may be suitable for the prolonged delivery of drugs. The inflammatory reaction observed in the tissue surrounding the hydrogel in rats was a typical foreign body reaction, similar to the one observed for CS/β-GP hydrogels. These features confirm the potential of CS/G1-P solutions as an injectable ready-to-use in situ forming hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Supper
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Vandamme
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, Illkirch Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Preparing, characterizing, and evaluating chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles as oral delivery carriers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Supper S, Anton N, Seidel N, Riemenschnitter M, Curdy C, Vandamme T. Thermosensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate-based hydrogel and its derivatives in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 11:249-67. [PMID: 24304097 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.867326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thermogelling chitosan (CS)/glycerophosphate (GP) solutions have been reported as a new type of parenteral in situ forming depot system. These free-flowing solutions at ambient temperature turn into semi-solid hydrogels after parenteral administration. AREAS COVERED Formulation parameters such as CS physico-chemical characteristics, CS/gelling agent ratio or pH of the system, were acknowledged as key parameters affecting the solution stability, the sol/gel transition behavior and/or the final hydrogel structure. We discuss also the use of the standard CS/GP thermogels for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Furthermore, this manuscript reviews the different strategies implemented to improve the hydrogel characteristics such as combination with carrier particles, replacement of GP, addition of a second polymer and chemical modification of CS. EXPERT OPINION The recent advances in the formulation of CS-based thermogelling systems already overcame several challenges faced by the standard CS/GP system. Dispersion of drug-loaded carrier particles into the thermogels allowed achieving prolonged release profiles for low molecular weight drugs; incorporation of an additional polymer enabled to strengthen the network, while the use of chemically modified CS led to enhanced pH sensitivity or biodegradability of the matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Supper
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research & Development (TRD) , Basel, 4002 , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang YC, Yang YT. Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor released from chitosan-fucoidan nanoparticles on neurite extension. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:418-27. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Chang HW, Lin YS, Tsai YD, Tsai ML. Effects of chitosan characteristics on the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of chitosan/2-glycerophosphate/nanosilver hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Huang YC, Liu TJ. Mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells by stromal cell-derived factor-1 released from chitosan/tripolyphosphate/fucoidan nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1048-56. [PMID: 22200609 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is an important chemokine in stem cell mobilization, and plays a critical role in the biological and physiological functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the use of SDF-1 in tissue regeneration is limited by two drawbacks, which are its short half-life and ready degradation by enzymes. This study investigates the release of SDF-1 from chitosan-based nanoparticles (NP) and evaluates the effect of released SDF-1 on the migration of MSC. Among the prepared chitosan-based NP a chitosan/tripolyphosphate/fucoidan (CS/TPP/F) NP is the most effective carrier for SDF-1 release. CS/TPP/F NP are spherical and effectively encapsulate SDF-1. The CS/TPP/F NP protected SDF-1 against proteolysis and heat treatment and controlled its release for up to 7 days. The concentration of released SDF-1 reached 23 ng ml(-1). According to in vitro experiments on cells the released SDF-1 retained its mitogenic activity, promoted the migration of MSC and enhanced PI3K expression. Biocompatible CS/TPP/F NP may be effective as carriers for the delivery and controlled release of SDF-1 to mobilize stem cells in tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang CY, Hsu CH, Tsai ML. Effect of crosslinked condition on characteristics of chitosan/tripolyphosphate/genipin beads and their application in the selective adsorption of phytic acid from soybean whey. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|