1
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Bona BL, Lagarrigue P, Chirizzi C, Espinoza MIM, Pipino C, Metrangolo P, Cellesi F, Baldelli Bombelli F. Design of fluorinated stealth poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocarriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113730. [PMID: 38176337 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of polymers with fluorinated moieties represents a promising strategy for the development of multimodal systems. Moreover, polymer fluorination often endows the resulting nanocarriers with improved colloidal stability in the biological environment. In this work, we developed fluorinated pegylated (PEG) biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) drug nanocarriers showing both high colloidal stability and stealth properties, as well as being (19F)-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) detectable. The optimized nanocarriers were obtained mixing a PEG-PCL block copolymer with a nonafluoro-functionalized PCL polymer. The role of PEGylation and fluorination on self-assembly and colloidal behavior of the obtained nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated, as well as their respective role on stealth properties and colloidal stability. To prove the feasibility of the developed NPs as potential 19F NMR detectable drug delivery systems, a hydrophobic drug was successfully encapsulated, and the maintenance of the relevant 19F NMR properties evaluated. Drug-loaded fluorinated NPs still retained a sharp and intense 19F NMR signal and good relaxivity parameters (i.e., T1 and T2 relaxation times) in water, which were not impaired by drug encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lucia Bona
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Prescillia Lagarrigue
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Cristina Chirizzi
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Martinez Espinoza
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Christian Pipino
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- SupraBioNanoLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20131, Italy.
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2
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Pagnanelli M, De Gaetano F, Callera A, Nappo G, Capretti G, Carrara S, Ferrari AMR, Cellesi F, Costantino ML, Zerbi A. Analysis of the Mechanical Characteristics of Human Pancreas through Indentation: Preliminary In Vitro Results on Surgical Samples. Biomedicines 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38255197 PMCID: PMC10813168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic surgery is extremely challenging and demands an extended learning curve to be executed with a low incidence of post-operative complications. The soft consistency of the human pancreas poses a primary challenge for pancreatic surgeons. This study aimed to analyze the preliminary mechanical characteristics of the human pancreas to develop a realistic synthetic phantom for surgical simulations in the near future. Pancreatic specimens, comprehensive of the pancreatic parenchyma and main pancreatic duct, were collected during pancreatic resections and analyzed through nano-bio-indentation (BioindenterTM UNHT3 Bio, Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria) to measure the elastic modulus. Comparisons were made between slow and fast loading rates, immediate and post-freezing analyses, and multipoint indentations. The results demonstrated that a slow loading rate (30 μN/min), immediate analysis, and multipoint measurements are crucial for obtaining accurate values of the elastic modulus of the human pancreas (1.40 ± 0.47 kPa). In particular, the study revealed that analysis after freezing could impact the outcomes of the indentation. Moreover, the study suggested that both the pancreatic parenchyma and the main pancreatic duct should be analyzed to achieve a more precise and comprehensive definition of the. mechanical features of the pancreas. These preliminary findings represent the initial steps toward defining the consistency and mechanical characteristics of human pancreatic tissue with the goal of creating a realistic synthetic phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pagnanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.); (A.Z.)
- Pancreatic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco De Gaetano
- Pancreatic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.R.F.); (F.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Arianna Callera
- Pancreatic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.R.F.); (F.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Gennaro Nappo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.); (A.Z.)
- Pancreatic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.); (A.Z.)
- Pancreatic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alice Maria Renata Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.R.F.); (F.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.R.F.); (F.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Costantino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.R.F.); (F.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.); (A.Z.)
- Pancreatic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.C.)
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3
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Porello I, Cellesi F. Intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins. New advancements and future directions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1211798. [PMID: 37304137 PMCID: PMC10247999 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1211798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving the full potential of therapeutic proteins to access and target intracellular receptors will have enormous benefits in advancing human health and fighting disease. Existing strategies for intracellular protein delivery, such as chemical modification and nanocarrier-based protein delivery approaches, have shown promise but with limited efficiency and safety concerns. The development of more effective and versatile delivery tools is crucial for the safe and effective use of protein drugs. Nanosystems that can trigger endocytosis and endosomal disruption, or directly deliver proteins into the cytosol, are essential for successful therapeutic effects. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the current methods for intracellular protein delivery to mammalian cells, highlighting current challenges, new developments, and future research opportunities.
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Camana G, Tavano M, Li M, Castiglione F, Rossi F, Cellesi F. Design of Functional Pluronic-Based Precursors for Tailoring Hydrogel Thermoresponsiveness and Cell-Adhesive Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2749. [PMID: 37049043 PMCID: PMC10095789 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, functional Pluronic F127 precursors were designed and synthesized for the preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels. Using linear Pluronic thioacetate and Pluronic multi-acrylate precursors, F127-based hydrogels were prepared through thioacetate deprotection-mediated Michael-type addition. The properties of these gels were compared to those obtained through free radical crosslinking of F127 diacrylate. Temperature was found to have a clear influence on gel swelling as a result of F127 thermoresponsiveness. The macromolecular architecture and functionality of the precursors were also optimized and characterized in terms of gelation kinetics and drug diffusion. In vitro tests were conducted on fibroblasts and endothelial cells to assess their response to cellular adhesion with Pluronic gels that were functionalized with an RGD peptide or pretreated with serum proteins to promote cell adhesion. This study provides a method for creating tailored hydrogels suitable for various biomedical applications, such as soft-tissue engineering, cell encapsulation, wound healing, and sustained delivery of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Camana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Tavano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
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5
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Rescalli A, Varoni EM, Cellesi F, Cerveri P. Analytical Challenges in Diabetes Management: Towards Glycated Albumin Point-of-Care Detection. Biosensors 2022; 12:bios12090687. [PMID: 36140073 PMCID: PMC9496022 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide-spread chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin levels or when the body fails to effectively use the secreted pancreatic insulin, eventually resulting in hyperglycemia. Systematic glycemic control is the only procedure at our disposal to prevent diabetes long-term complications such as cardiovascular disorders, kidney diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Glycated albumin (GA) has recently gained more and more attention as a control biomarker thanks to its shorter lifespan and wider reliability compared to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), currently the “gold standard” for diabetes screening and monitoring in clinics. Various techniques such as ion exchange, liquid or affinity-based chromatography and immunoassay can be employed to accurately measure GA levels in serum samples; nevertheless, due to the cost of the lab equipment and complexity of the procedures, these methods are not commonly available at clinical sites and are not suitable to home monitoring. The present review describes the most up-to-date advances in the field of glycemic control biomarkers, exploring in particular the GA with a special focus on the recent experimental analysis techniques, using enzymatic and affinity methods. Finally, analysis steps and fundamental reading technologies are integrated into a processing pipeline, paving the way for future point-of-care testing (POCT). In this view, we highlight how this setup might be employed outside a laboratory environment to reduce the time from measurement to clinical decision, and to provide diabetic patients with a brand-new set of tools for glycemic self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rescalli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cerveri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Moncalvo F, Lacroce E, Franzoni G, Altomare A, Fasoli E, Aldini G, Sacchetti A, Cellesi F. Selective Protein Conjugation of Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) and Poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate) with Tunable Topology via Reductive Amination with Multifunctional ATRP Initiators for Activity Preservation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Moncalvo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Elisa Lacroce
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
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Celentano W, Ordanini S, Bruni R, Marocco L, Medaglia P, Rossi A, Buzzaccaro S, Cellesi F. Complex poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer architectures and their effects on nanoparticle self-assembly and drug nanoencapsulation. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Neri G, Mion G, Pizzi A, Celentano W, Chaabane L, Chierotti MR, Gobetto R, Li M, Messa P, De Campo F, Cellesi F, Metrangolo P, Baldelli Bombelli F. Fluorinated PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Encapsulation and 19 F NMR Detection. Chemistry 2020; 26:10057-10063. [PMID: 32515857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the continuous search for multimodal systems with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions, several efforts have been made to develop multifunctional drug delivery systems. In this work, through a covalent approach, a new class of fluorinated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) co-polymers (F-PLGA) were designed that contain an increasing number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms. In particular, two novel compounds, F3 -PLGA and F9 -PLGA, were synthesized and their chemical structure and thermal stability were analyzed by solution NMR, DSC, and TGA. The obtained F-PLGA compounds were proven to form in aqueous solution colloidal stable nanoparticles (NPs) displaying a strong 19 F NMR signal. The fluorinated NPs also showed an enhanced ability to load hydrophobic drugs containing fluorine atoms compared to analogous pristine PLGA NPs. Preliminary in vitro studies showed high cell viability and the NP ability to intracellularly deliver and release a functioning drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mion
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Wanda Celentano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Experimental Imaging, Center (CIS), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, V. Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, Università di Torino, V. Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, Università di Torino, V. Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca" Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, V. Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca" Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, V. Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Floryan De Campo
- Solvay Specialty Polymers, V. Lombardia, 20, Bollate, 20021, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, V. Luigi Mancinelli, 20131, Milan, Italy
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9
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Ehrbar M, Rossi F, Cellesi F. Editorial: Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems: Colloids and Gels for Site Specific Targeting. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:803. [PMID: 32850703 PMCID: PMC7418513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Cellesi
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Moncalvo F, Martinez Espinoza MI, Cellesi F. Nanosized Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Proteins: Clinically Validated Technologies and Advanced Development Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:89. [PMID: 32117952 PMCID: PMC7033645 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of protein therapeutics in healthcare is steadily increasing, due to advancements in the field of biotechnology and a deeper understanding of several pathologies. However, their safety and efficacy are often limited by instability, short half-life and immunogenicity. Nanodelivery systems are currently being investigated for overcoming these limitations and include covalent attachment of biocompatible polymers (PEG and other synthetic or naturally derived macromolecules) as well as protein nanoencapsulation in colloidal systems (liposomes and other lipid or polymeric nanocarriers). Such strategies have the potential to develop next-generation protein therapeutics. Herein, we review recent research progresses on these nanodelivery approaches, as well as future directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Celentano W, Neri G, Distante F, Li M, Messa P, Chirizzi C, Chaabane L, De Campo F, Metrangolo P, Baldelli Bombelli F, Cellesi F. Design of fluorinated hyperbranched polyether copolymers for 19F MRI nanotheranostics. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
19F MRI contrast agents and drug nanocarriers based on fluorinated hyperbranched polyether copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Celentano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Giulia Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Francesco Distante
- ETH Zurich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- 20122 Milan
- Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- 20122 Milan
- Italy
| | - Cristina Chirizzi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Imaging (CIS)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute
- I-20132 Milan
- Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Imaging (CIS)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute
- I-20132 Milan
- Italy
| | | | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
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12
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Li M, Alfieri CM, Morello W, Cellesi F, Armelloni S, Mattinzoli D, Montini G, Messa P. Assessment of increased glomerular permeability associated with recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis using an in vitro model of the glomerular filtration barrier. J Nephrol 2019; 33:747-755. [PMID: 31853790 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of circulating permeability factors (cPFs) has been hypothesized to be associated with recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (rFSGS) in renal allografts. The available methods to detect cPFs are complex, not easily repeatable and inappropriate to represent the anatomical characteristics of the three-layer glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Here we describe a novel method which measures the permeability to bovine serum albumin (BSA) through a three-layer device (3LD). The 3 layers comprise: (1) conditionally immortalized human podocytes (HCiPodo), (2) collagen type IV coated porous membrane and (3) human glomerular endothelial cells (HCiGEnC). Using this method, we found that sera from all rFSGS patients increased albumin permeability, while sera from non recurrent (nrFSGS) and genetic (gFSGS) forms of FSGS did not. The mechanisms underlying the increase of albumin permeability are probably due to endothelial cell damage as an initial event, which was demonstrated by the decrease of Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1 or CD31), while the podocytes' expressions of synaptopodin and podocin were normal. Furthermore, we also found that the plasmapheretic treatment (PPT) eliminated the effect of increasing BSA permeability in sera from rFSGS patients. These preliminary data suggest that our in vitro GFB model could not only be useful in predicting the recurrence of FSGS after renal transplantation (RTx), but also be a valuable in vitro model to study podocyte and endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Renal Research Laboratory, Foundation Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Alfieri
- Unit of Adult Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Department of Medicine, Foundation Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 15, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - William Morello
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Renal Research Laboratory, Foundation Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Renal Research Laboratory, Foundation Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Unit of Adult Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Department of Medicine, Foundation Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 15, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Ordanini S, Celentano W, Bernardi A, Cellesi F. Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:2192-2206. [PMID: 31807405 PMCID: PMC6880840 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A class of linear and four-arm mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is presented here. The synthesis through ring-opening and atom transfer radical polymerizations provided high control over molecular weight and functionality. A post-polymerization azide-alkyne cycloaddition allowed for the formation of glycopolymers with different mannose valencies (1, 2, 4, and 8). In aqueous media, these macromolecules formed nanoparticles that were able to bind lectins, as investigated by concanavalin A binding assay. The results indicate that carbohydrate-lectin interactions can be tuned by the macromolecular architecture and functionality, hence the importance of these macromolecular properties in the design of targeted anti-pathogenic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ordanini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Wanda Celentano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano 20089, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
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Ordanini S, Cellesi F. Complex Polymeric Architectures Self-Assembling in Unimolecular Micelles: Preparation, Characterization and Drug Nanoencapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E209. [PMID: 30388744 PMCID: PMC6321574 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unimolecular polymeric micelles are a class of single-molecule amphiphilic core-shell polymeric architectures, where the hydrophobic core is well stabilized by the hydrophilic shell, avoiding intermolecular core-core interactions. Multi-arm copolymers with a dendritic core, as well as hyperbranched and comb-like polymers, can form unimolecular micelles easily. In this review, examples of polymers able to form detectable unimolecular micelles will be presented, summarizing the analytical techniques used to characterize the unimolecular micelles and discriminate them from other supramolecular aggregates, such as multi-micelle aggregates. Unimolecular micelles are suitable for the nanoencapsulation of guest molecules. Compared to traditional supramolecular micelles, unimolecular micelles do not disassemble under dilution and are stable to environmental modifications. Recent examples of their application as drug delivery systems, endowed with increased stability and transport properties, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ordanini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Celentano W, Battistella J, Silvestri IP, Bruni R, Huang X, Li M, Messa P, Ordanini S, Cellesi F. Engineered polyester-PEG nanoparticles prepared through a “grafting through” strategy and post-functionalization via Michael type addition. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Benamer W, Cellesi F, Tirelli N. Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate-based microparticles manufactured by laminar jet break-up technology. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:407-420. [PMID: 30134755 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1515996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study is about the use of β-glycerophosphate (βGP) to modulate the production of chitosan microparticles through a technology of jet break-up. βGP has been described as capable of producing chitosan gels without additional complexing agents via a thermal transition (inverse gelation). A preliminary assessment on the effect of temperature on the viscosity and gelation of chitosan/βGP precursors demonstrated that the crosslinking process was too slow to afford microparticle production via jet break-up. Instead, βGP was used as a solubilizer to provide stable chitosan solution at neutral pH, which allowed the preparation of microparticles through polyelectrolyte complexation (with triphosphate) under physiological conditions, as opposed to the more conventional method of chitosan solubilisation in acids. Here, the key parameters of the microencapsulation process have been optimized, aiming to produce spherical particle of well-defined size and circularity, as well as toroidal microparticles, with a physico-chemical evaluation of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadiaa Benamer
- a Division of Pharmacy and Optometry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- a Division of Pharmacy and Optometry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- a Division of Pharmacy and Optometry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.,b Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genova , Italy
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17
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Cureton N, Korotkova I, Baker B, Greenwood S, Wareing M, Kotamraju VR, Teesalu T, Cellesi F, Tirelli N, Ruoslahti E, Aplin JD, Harris LK. Selective Targeting of a Novel Vasodilator to the Uterine Vasculature to Treat Impaired Uteroplacental Perfusion in Pregnancy. Theranostics 2017; 7:3715-3731. [PMID: 29109771 PMCID: PMC5667343 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in pregnancy is commonly caused by impaired uteroplacental blood flow. Vasodilators enhance uteroplacental perfusion and fetal growth in humans and animal models; however, detrimental maternal and fetal side effects have been reported. We hypothesised that targeted uteroplacental delivery of a vasodilator would enhance drug efficacy and reduce the risks associated with drug administration in pregnancy. Phage screening identified novel peptides that selectively accumulated in the uteroplacental vasculature of pregnant mice. Following intravenous injection, the synthetic peptide CNKGLRNK selectively bound to the endothelium of the uterine spiral arteries and placental labyrinth in vivo; CNKGLRNK-decorated liposomes also selectively bound to these regions. The nitric oxide donor 2-[[4-[(nitrooxy)methyl]benzoyl]thio]-benzoic acid methyl ester (SE175) induced significant relaxation of mouse uterine arteries and human placental arteries in vitro; thus, SE175 was encapsulated into these targeted liposomes and administered to healthy pregnant C57BL/6J mice or endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS-/-) mice, which exhibit impaired uteroplacental blood flow and FGR. Liposomes containing SE175 (0.44mg/kg) or PBS were administered on embryonic (E) days 11.5, 13.5, 15.5 and 17.5; fetal and placental weights were recorded at term and compared to mice injected with free PBS or SE175. Targeted uteroplacental delivery of SE175 had no effect on fetal weight in C57BL/6J mice, but significantly increased fetal weight and mean spiral artery diameter, and decreased placental weight, indicative of improved placental efficiency, in eNOS-/- mice; free SE175 had no effect on fetal weight or spiral artery diameter. Targeted, but not free SE175 also significantly reduced placental expression of 4-hydroxynonenal, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, indicating a reduction in placental oxidative stress. These data suggest that exploiting vascular targeting peptides to selectively deliver SE175 to the uteroplacental vasculature may represent a novel treatment for FGR resulting from impaired uteroplacental perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Cureton
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Iana Korotkova
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Bernadette Baker
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Susan Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Mark Wareing
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Venkata R Kotamraju
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610, USA
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610, USA
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta". Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610, USA
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Gennari A, Gujral C, Hohn E, Lallana E, Cellesi F, Tirelli N. Revisiting Boronate/Diol Complexation as a Double Stimulus-Responsive Bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1391-1402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Gennari
- NorthWest
Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Chirag Gujral
- NorthWest
Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Hohn
- NorthWest
Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Lallana
- NorthWest
Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- NorthWest
Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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19
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Bruni R, Possenti P, Bordignon C, Li M, Ordanini S, Messa P, Rastaldi MP, Cellesi F. Ultrasmall polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery to podocytes in kidney glomerulus. J Control Release 2017; 255:94-107. [PMID: 28395969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored the use of new drug-loaded nanocarriers and their targeted delivery to the kidney glomerulus and in particular to podocytes, in order to overcome the failure of current therapeutic regimens in patients with proteinuric (i.e. abnormal amount of proteins in the urine) diseases. Podocytes are glomerular cells which are mainly responsible for glomerular filtration and are primarily or secondarily involved in chronic kidney diseases. Therefore, the possibility to utilise a podocyte-targeted drug delivery could represent a major breakthrough in kidney disease research, particularly in terms of dosage reduction and elimination of systemic side effects of current therapies. Four-arm star-shaped polymers, with/without a hydrophobic poly-ε-caprolactone core and a brush-like polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrophilic shell, were synthesised by controlled/living polymerisation (ROP and ATRP) to allow the formation of stable ultrasmall colloidal nanomaterials of tuneable size (5-30nm), which are able to cross the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). The effects of these nanomaterials on glomerular cells were evaluated in vitro. Nanomaterial accumulation and permeability in the kidney glomerulus were also assessed in mice under physiological and pathological conditions. Drug (dexamethasone) encapsulation was performed in order to test loading capacity, release kinetics, and podocyte repairing effects. The marked efficacy of these drug-loaded nanocarriers in repairing damaged podocytes may pave the way for developing a cell-targeted administration of new and traditional drugs, increasing efficacy and limiting side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bruni
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Possenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bordignon
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Min Li
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ordanini
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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20
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Colombo C, Li M, Watanabe S, Messa P, Edefonti A, Montini G, Moscatelli D, Rastaldi MP, Cellesi F. Polymer Nanoparticle Engineering for Podocyte Repair: From in Vitro Models to New Nanotherapeutics in Kidney Diseases. ACS Omega 2017; 2:599-610. [PMID: 30023613 PMCID: PMC6044764 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Specific therapeutic targeting of kidney podocytes, the highly differentiated ramified glomerular cells involved in the onset and/or progression of proteinuric diseases, could become the optimal strategy for preventing chronic kidney disease. With this aim, we developed a library of engineered polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of tuneable size and surface properties and evaluated their interaction with podocytes. NP cytotoxicity, uptake, and cytoskeletal effects on podocytes were first assessed. On the basis of these data, nanodelivery of dexamethasone loaded into selected biocompatible NPs was successful in repairing damaged podocytes. Finally, a three-dimensional in vitro system of co-culture of endothelial cells and podocytes was exploited as a new tool for mimicking the mechanisms of NP interaction with glomerular cells and the repair of the kidney filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Colombo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica
“G. Natta”. Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Min Li
- Fondazione
CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Renal
Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’
Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Shojiro Watanabe
- Renal
Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’
Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal
Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’
Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Edefonti
- Pediatric
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione
IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione
IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica
“G. Natta”. Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Renal
Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’
Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Fondazione
CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Renal
Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’
Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica
“G. Natta”. Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
- E-mail:
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21
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King A, Ndifon C, Lui S, Widdows K, Kotamraju VR, Agemy L, Teesalu T, Glazier JD, Cellesi F, Tirelli N, Aplin JD, Ruoslahti E, Harris LK. Tumor-homing peptides as tools for targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600349. [PMID: 27386551 PMCID: PMC4928982 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The availability of therapeutics to treat pregnancy complications is severely lacking mainly because of the risk of causing harm to the fetus. As enhancement of placental growth and function can alleviate maternal symptoms and improve fetal growth in animal models, we have developed a method for targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta. We show that the tumor-homing peptide sequences CGKRK and iRGD bind selectively to the placental surface of humans and mice and do not interfere with normal development. Peptide-coated nanoparticles intravenously injected into pregnant mice accumulated within the mouse placenta, whereas control nanoparticles exhibited reduced binding and/or fetal transfer. We used targeted liposomes to efficiently deliver cargoes of carboxyfluorescein and insulin-like growth factor 2 to the mouse placenta; the latter significantly increased mean placental weight when administered to healthy animals and significantly improved fetal weight distribution in a well-characterized model of fetal growth restriction. These data provide proof of principle for targeted delivery of drugs to the placenta and provide a novel platform for the development of placenta-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna King
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Cornelia Ndifon
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Kate Widdows
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Venkata R. Kotamraju
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106–9610, USA
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106–9610, USA
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106–9610, USA
| | - Jocelyn D. Glazier
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - John D. Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106–9610, USA
| | - Lynda K. Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Li M, Corbelli A, Watanabe S, Armelloni S, Ikehata M, Parazzi V, Pignatari C, Giardino L, Mattinzoli D, Lazzari L, Puliti A, Cellesi F, Zennaro C, Messa P, Rastaldi MP. Three-dimensional podocyte-endothelial cell co-cultures: Assembly, validation, and application to drug testing and intercellular signaling studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 86:1-12. [PMID: 26924225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteinuria is a common symptom of glomerular diseases and is due to leakage of proteins from the glomerular filtration barrier, a three-layer structure composed by two post-mitotic highly specialized and interdependent cell populations, i.e. glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes, and the basement membrane in between. Despite enormous progresses made in the last years, pathogenesis of proteinuria remains to be completely uncovered. Studies in the field could largely benefit from an in vitro model of the glomerular filter, but such a system has proved difficult to realize. Here we describe a method to obtain and utilize a three-dimensional podocyte-endothelial co-culture which can be largely adopted by the scientific community because it does not rely on special instruments nor on the synthesis of devoted biomaterials. The device is composed by a porous membrane coated on both sides with type IV collagen. Adhesion of podocytes on the upper side of the membrane has to be preceded by VEGF-induced maturation of endothelial cells on the lower side. The co-culture can be assembled with podocyte cell lines as well as with primary podocytes, extending the use to cells derived from transgenic mice. An albumin permeability assay has been extensively validated and applied as functional readout, enabling rapid drug testing. Additionally, the bottom of the well can be populated with a third cell type, which multiplies the possibilities of analyzing more complex glomerular intercellular signaling events. In conclusion, the ease of assembly and versatility of use are the major advantages of this three-dimensional model of the glomerular filtration barrier over existing methods. The possibility to run a functional test that reliably measures albumin permeability makes the device a valid companion in several research applications ranging from drug screening to intercellular signaling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Bio-imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Shojiro Watanabe
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Parazzi
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pignatari
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Giardino
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G.Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Zennaro
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Trieste University, via Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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Proietti Silvestri I, Cellesi F. AGET ATRP of Poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] Catalyzed by Hydrophobic Iron(III)-Porphyrins. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Proietti Silvestri
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - F. Cellesi
- Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
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Siani A, Khaw RR, Manley OWG, Tirella A, Cellesi F, Donno R, Tirelli N. Fibronectin localization and fibrillization are affected by the presence of serum in culture media. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9278. [PMID: 25797118 PMCID: PMC4369722 DOI: 10.1038/srep09278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of fibrotic phenomena are often based on the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition as the contraction-triggering cellular event. There are, however, multiple sources of concern regarding the appropriateness of such models; a first and widely investigated issue is the often inappropriate nature of the interactions between mesenchymal cells and surrounding/underlying matrix/substrate. A second set of problems concerns the composition of the fluid phase, which includes both dispersed/dissolved paracrine messengers and matrix elements. In this study, we have focused on the effects that serum may generate. We have observed that A) serum causes high variability in the expression of typical markers of myofibroblast differentiation (ED-A fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin) upon treatment with TGF-β1; this is probably due to intrinsic variability of cytokine concentrations in different batches of serum. B) the fibrillization of endogenous fibronectin is partially hampered and its localization changed from ventral (on the substrate) to dorsal (upper surface); the latter morphology appears to be largely overlooked in literature, even though it may have a significant role in terms of mechanotransductive signaling. This quite dramatic change possibly occurs as a result of competition with serum proteins, although our data seem to rule out a direct role of serum fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Siani
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Rong R. Khaw
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver W. G. Manley
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Donno
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Ragupathy L, Millar DG, Tirelli N, Cellesi F. Cover Picture: Macromol. Biosci. 11/2014. Macromol Biosci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201470039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayanan Ragupathy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Douglas G. Millar
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; M13 9PT United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- School of Biomedicine and School of Materials; University of Manchester, Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Stopford Building; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
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Ragupathy L, Millar DG, Tirelli N, Cellesi F. An Orthogonal Click-Chemistry Approach to Design Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-based Nanomaterials for Controlled Immunostimulation. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1528-38. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayanan Ragupathy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Douglas G. Millar
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; M13 9PT United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- School of Biomedicine and School of Materials; University of Manchester, Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Stopford Building; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
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Almalik A, Donno R, Cadman CJ, Cellesi F, Day PJ, Tirelli N. Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles: Molecular weight-dependent effects on morphology and hyaluronic acid presentation. J Control Release 2013; 172:1142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cureton N, Cellesi F, Aplin J, Harris L. Homing peptide-mediated targeting of liposomes to term villous explants: novel nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Placenta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Papakonstantinou AE, Eliades T, Cellesi F, Watts DC, Silikas N. Evaluation of UDMA's potential as a substitute for Bis-GMA in orthodontic adhesives. Dent Mater 2013; 29:898-905. [PMID: 23787036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of UDMA %, of a range of filled UDMA:TEGDMA resins, on viscosity, degree of conversion and shear bond strength. Furthermore, to compare between model filled and unfilled UDMA adhesives, and clinically used orthodontic adhesives on these properties. METHODS Four filled and four unfilled resins with a UDMA to TEGDMA weight ratio 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 were formulated, tested and compared to the Bis-GMA control Transbond XT. The properties investigated were: viscosity (rotational viscometry), degree of conversion (DC) (FT-IR) and bond strength (shear bond strength test). One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to statistically analyze the data for viscosity and DC% while the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the shear bond strength values. RESULTS For SBS a comparable bond strength was obtained between the U80:T20(F) adhesive and the control Transbond XT (27.1 and 30.1 respectively). There was no significant difference between the U70:T30 adhesive and the control. Transbond XT (43.1%) had a significantly lower DC% than all the UDMA based adhesives. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the DC% means of the various UDMA resins. There was a significant decrease in the viscosity for both filled and unfilled groups, as the TEGDMA concentration was increased. SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate that adhesives formulated with UDMA and TEGDMA monomers, could produce resins with comparable viscosities to the Bis-GMA control, Transbond XT. Adhesives formulated with high UDMA %, can be used to produce resins with greater viscosity and increased bond strength, potentially without affecting their degree of conversion.
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Kotsokechagia T, Zaki NM, Syres K, de Leonardis P, Thomas A, Cellesi F, Tirelli N. PEGylation of nanosubstrates (titania) with multifunctional reagents: at the crossroads between nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Langmuir 2012; 28:11490-11501. [PMID: 22746328 DOI: 10.1021/la3012958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Titania (anatase) nanoparticles were successfully PEGylated through the use of catechol (dopamine)-terminated PEG derivatives. The resulting materials were characterized by excellent stability at neutral pH and extremely low toxicity (phagocytic and nonphagocytic cell lines). In particular, we focused on the comparison between mono- and bis-catechol PEGs. Due to the double terminal anchorage on the titania surface, bis-catechol ligands can produce chains differing from classical monoanchored PEG in conformation (horseshoe-shaped vs brush) and thus the possibility of interactions with biomolecules. At the same time, less than quantitative catechol binding may lead to the presence of dangling chains with unbound catechols which can polymerize and eventually produce PEG/titania nanocomposite colloids. Our results on double-functional PEG2000 show the latter to be the case. Pluronic F127 was also used as a bifunctional ligand, leading to nanocomposite aggregates with an even larger organic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Kotsokechagia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Thaiboonrod S, Cellesi F, Ulijn RV, Saunders BR. One-step preparation of uniform cane-ball shaped water-swellable microgels containing poly(N-vinyl formamide). Langmuir 2012; 28:5227-5236. [PMID: 22224722 DOI: 10.1021/la204606v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report the preparation of a new family of core-shell microgels that are water-swellable and have a morphology that is controllable by particle composition. Here, nearly monodisperse core-shell PNVF-xGMA [poly(N-vinylformamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate)] particles (where x is the weight fraction of GMA used) were prepared via nonaqueous dispersion (NAD) polymerization in one step. The shells were PGMA-rich and were cross-linked by reaction of epoxide groups (from GMA) with amide groups (from NVF). The core of the particles was PNVF-rich. A bifunctional cross-linking monomer was not required to prepare these new microgels. The particles had a remarkable "cane-ball"-like morphology with interconnected ridges, and this could be controlled by the value for x. The particle size was tunable over the range 0.8-1.8 μm. Alkaline hydrolysis was used to hydrolyze the PNVF segments to poly(vinylamine), PVAM. The high swelling pressure of the cationic cores caused shell fragmentation and release of some of the core polymer when the hydrolyzed particles were dispersed in pure water. The extent to which this occurred was controllable by x. Remarkably, the PGMA-rich shells could be detached from the hydrolyzed particles by dispersion in water followed by drying. The hydrolyzed PNVF-0.4GMA particles contained both positively and negatively charged regions and the dispersions appeared to exhibit charge-patch aggregation at low ionic strengths. The new cross-linking strategy used here to prepare the PNVF-xGMA particles should be generally applicable for amide-containing monomers and may enable the preparation of a range of new water-swellable microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sineenat Thaiboonrod
- Biomaterials Research Group, Manchester Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Shahidan NN, Liu R, Cellesi F, Alexander C, Shakesheff KM, Saunders BR. Thermally triggered assembly of cationic graft copolymers containing 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate side chains. Langmuir 2011; 27:13868-13878. [PMID: 21967746 DOI: 10.1021/la203206s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive copolymers continue to attract a great deal of interest in the literature. In particular, those based on ethylene oxide-containing methacrylates have excellent potential for biomaterial applications. Recently, some of us reported a study of thermoresponsive cationic graft copolymers containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAm, (Liu et al., Langmuir, 24, 7099). Here, we report an improved version of this new family of copolymers. In the present study, we replaced the PNIPAm side chains with poly(2-(2-methyoxyethoxy)ethylmethacrylate), PMeO(2)MA. These new, nonacrylamide containing, cationic graft copolymers were prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and a macroinitiator. They contained poly(trimethylamonium)-aminoethyl methacrylate and PMeO(2)MA, i.e., PTMA(+)(x)-g-(PMeO(2)MA(n))(y). They were investigated using variable-temperature turbidity, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), electrophoretic mobility, and (1)H NMR measurements. For one system, four critical temperatures were measured and used to propose a mechanism for the thermally triggered changes that occur in solution. All of the copolymers existed as unimolecular micelles at 20 °C. They underwent reversible aggregation with heating. The extent of aggregation was controlled by the length of the side chains. TEM showed evidence of micellar aggregates. The thermally responsive behaviors of our new copolymers are compared to those for the cationic PNIPAm graft copolymers reported by Liu et al. Our new cationic copolymers retained their positive charge at all temperatures studied, have high zeta potentials at 37 °C, and are good candidates for conferring thermoresponsiveness to negatively charged biomaterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nabilah Shahidan
- Biomaterials Research Group, The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Bhojwani R, Cellesi F, Maino A, Jalil A, Haider D, Noble B. Treatment of dry eye: an analysis of the British Sjögren's syndrome association comparing substitute tear viscosity and subjective efficacy. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011; 34:269-73. [PMID: 21689965 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to address the lack of independent subjective efficacy data on artificial tear substitutes in the treatment of dry eye due to the anecdotal association of 'thicker' products being more effective. METHODS This is an independent study of the subjective use and efficacy of topical treatments used by members of the British Sjögren's Syndrome Association (BSSA) related to product viscosity. 2000 members of the BSSA were sent a questionnaire regarding their physical condition and the use of artificial tear substitutes. Viscosity analysis was performed on the most popular preparations. Statistical comparison is made between subjective efficacies related to substitute tear viscosity. RESULTS 1088 patients responded giving information regarding their condition together with the subjective use and efficacy data of artificial tear substitutes. Visco-analysis was performed on the most popular preparations; these had more than 50 patients using them. In terms of subjective benefits related to viscosity for 'frequency' and 'duration' the data suggests a general trend toward viscous preparations being instilled less frequently and lasting longer; however this was not shown to be significantly correlated and some interesting comparisons are reported. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm high levels of ocular lubricant use in the BSSA population. Our data investigates the often-anecdotal evidence that thicker preparations are more effective. However, we did not find this correlation to be statistically significant suggesting further study into factors related to subjective product efficacy. These results lay foundations for the development of future products in the treatment of severe dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Bhojwani
- North Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Trust, Woodland Avenue, Goole DN14 6RX, United Kingdom.
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Liu R, Cellesi F, Tirelli N, Saunders B. A study of thermoassociative gelation of aqueous cationic poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) graft copolymer solutions. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu R, Tirelli N, Cellesi F, Saunders BR. Temperature-triggered gelation of aqueous laponite dispersions containing a cationic poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) graft copolymer. Langmuir 2009; 25:490-496. [PMID: 19115874 DOI: 10.1021/la802941h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, temperature-triggered gelation of aqueous laponite dispersions containing a cationic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) graft copolymer was investigated. The copolymer used was PDMA(+)(30)-g-(PNIPAm(210))(14) [Liu et al. Langmuir 2008, 24, 7099]. DMA(+) is quarternarized N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The presence of small concentrations of laponite enabled temperature-triggered gel formation to occur at low copolymer concentrations (e.g., 1 wt %). Dynamic rheological measurements of the gels showed that they had storage modulus values of up to 400 Pa when the total solid volume fraction (polymer and laponite) was only about 0.02. The storage modulus was dependent on both the temperature and the composition of the dispersion used for preparation. The key component that provided the temperature-triggered gels with their elasticity was found to be self-assembled nanocomposite (NC) sheets. These NC sheets spontaneously formed at room temperature upon addition of laponite to the copolymer solution. The NC sheets had lateral dimensions on the order of hundreds of micrometers and a thickness of a few micrometers. The NC sheets were present within the temperature-triggered gels and formed elastically effective chains. The NC sheets exhibited temperature-triggered contraction with a contraction onset temperature of 27 degrees C. A conceptual model is proposed to qualitatively explain the relationship between gel elasticity and dispersion composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liu
- Polymer Science and Technology Group, The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, M1 7HS, UK
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Liu R, De Leonardis P, Cellesi F, Tirelli N, Saunders BR. Cationic temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) graft copolymers: from triggered association to gelation. Langmuir 2008; 24:7099-7106. [PMID: 18547094 DOI: 10.1021/la8002756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work temperature-triggered association and gel formation within aqueous solutions of a new family of cationic poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) graft copolymers have been investigated. Five copolymers were synthesized using aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) involving a macroinitiator based on quaternarized N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate units (DMA+). The PDMA+) x - g-(PNIPAmn)y copolymers have x and y values that originate from the macroinitiator; values for n correspond to the PNIPAm arm length. The copolymer solutions exhibited temperature-triggered formation of nanometer-sized aggregates at the cloud point temperature, which was 33-34 degrees C. The aggregates were investigated using variable-temperature turbidity, hydrodynamic diameter, and electrophoretic mobility measurements. The aggregates were clearly evident using SEM and flowerlike or spherical morphologies were observed. Variable-temperature electrophoretic mobility measurements revealed that the zeta potentials of the aggregates increased with DMA+ content. A study of the effect of added NaNO3 showed that electrostatic interactions controlled the size of the aggregates. The concentrated graft copolymer solutions showed temperature-triggered gelation when the copolymer concentrations exceeded 5 wt %, Fluid-to-gel phase diagrams were constructed. It was found that electrostatic interactions also controlled the gelation temperature. A correlation was found between aggregate size and the minimum copolymer concentration needed to form a gel. A mechanism for the temperature-triggered structural changes leading to the formation of aggregates (in dilute solution) or gels (in concentrated solutions) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liu
- Polymer Science and Technology Group, The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, M1 7HS, UK
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Kotsokechagia T, Cellesi F, Thomas A, Niederberger M, Tirelli N. Preparation of ligand-free TiO2 (anatase) nanoparticles through a nonaqueous process and their surface functionalization. Langmuir 2008; 24:6988-97. [PMID: 18522445 DOI: 10.1021/la800470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We here present a new method for preparing ligand-free titania nanoparticles, which are easily amenable to surface functionalization in an aqueous environment. The specific advantage of this method is that it combines the advantages of nonaqueous synthetic processes (high crystallinity) to those of a surface functionalization in a water medium, which allows for a wider variety of biofunctional (and nonorganic-soluble) groups to be added on the nanoparticles. In particular, we report on the characterization of the three phases of synthesis, dispersion in water environment and surface functionalization of the nanoparticles, focusing on a qualitative evaluation of the surface adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kotsokechagia
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Cellesi F, Tirelli N. Sol–gel synthesis at neutral pH in W/O microemulsion: A method for enzyme nanoencapsulation in silica gel nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Taglienti A, Cellesi F, Crescenzi V, Sequi P, Valentini M, Tirelli N. Investigating the Interactions of Hyaluronan Derivatives with Biomolecules. The Use of Diffusional NMR Techniques. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:611-22. [PMID: 16881041 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
[Chemical structure: see text] The interactions between a biomaterial and biomolecules present in body fluids often determine the fate of the biomaterial. This paper presents a study on hyaluronan (HA)-containing materials (in soluble or colloidal form) that focuses on their interactions with lipids and proteins and for the first time uses PFG NMR as an analytical technique for probing these events. The interactions of HA-based polymers with phospholipids (DPPC and DPPG liposomes) are shown to depend both on charge and hydrophobicity factors. Despite the difference in behavior between albumin (substantially non-adhesive) and fibrinogen (adhesive), the interactions of the polymers with proteins do not seem to be based on hydrophobic effects but on surface polar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Taglienti
- Department of Chemistry, University "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Cellesi F, Tirelli N. A new process for cell microencapsulation and other biomaterial applications: Thermal gelation and chemical cross-linking in "tandem". J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005; 16:559-65. [PMID: 15928872 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-0532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The very rapid gelation of a cell- or biomolecule-containing solution is at the basis of most processes employed in microencapsulation. Adequately quick ('instantaneous') gelation kinetics are provided by a number of phenomena based on physical association. On the other hand, physical gels are inherently reversible structures, which can be solubilized or disrupted in response to often poorly controllable phenomena in the environment of application, such as dilution, changes in temperature, ion strength and composition, pH, or other physical or chemical parameters. Chemically cross-linked hydrogels would have therefore significant advantages in terms of stability and end-properties; however, the time required for chemical reactions to produce a chemically cross-linked material is in a more general case hardly compatible with microencapsulation processes. In a recent study of our laboratory we have proposed a new approach for providing both quick gelation kinetics and good stability, by simply combining the rapid kinetics of a physical hardening phenomenon with a slower chemical curing; the former process is thus responsible of the morphogenesis of the material, while the latter develops its end-properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cellesi
- School of Pharmacy & Molecular Materials Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Cellesi F, Tirelli N, Hubbell JA. Towards a fully-synthetic substitute of alginate: development of a new process using thermal gelation and chemical cross-linking. Biomaterials 2004; 25:5115-24. [PMID: 15109835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described a gelation process based on the occurrence of both physical and a chemical mechanisms ('tandem process'), in which a telechelic linear poly(propylene glycol)-bl-poly(ethylene glycol)-bl-poly(propylene glycol) is first thermally gelled and subsequently covalently cross-linked by the reaction of polymer end groups at the termini of the copolymer. The quick kinetics of the reverse thermal gelation and the harmless character of the Michael-type addition between two sets of terminal groups, acrylates on one set and thiols on the other, allows irreversibly cross-linked hydrogels to be obtained in a rapid and biocompatible fashion, even when gelation was conducted in direct contact with cells. This allows in principle for an application of the tandem process in cell encapsulation. In the present work, we have optimized the macromolecular architecture and functionality of the precursors for allowing the use of the tandem process in encapsulation devices designed for calcium alginate. The mechanical, diffusional and biocompatibility properties of these materials were characterized; the comparison of mass transport properties of the tandem gels with those of calcium alginate suggests a similar or even better immunoisolation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cellesi
- Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland
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Cellesi F, Weber W, Fussenegger M, Hubbell JA, Tirelli N. Towards a fully synthetic substitute of alginate: Optimization of a thermal gelation/chemical cross-linking scheme (?tandem? gelation) for the production of beads and liquid-core capsules. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 88:740-9. [PMID: 15532084 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fully synthetic polymers were used for the preparation of hydrogel beads and capsules, in a processing scheme that, originally designed for calcium alginate, was adapted to a "tandem" process, that is the combination a physical gelation with a chemical cross-linking. The polymers feature a Tetronic backbone (tetra armed Pluronics), which exhibits a reverse thermal gelation in water solutions within a physiological range of temperatures and pHs. The polymers bear terminal reactive groups that allow for a mild, but effective chemical cross-linking. Given an appropriate temperature jump, the thermal gelation provides a hardening kinetics similar to that of alginate. With slower kinetics, the chemical cross-linking then develops an irreversible and elastic gel structure, and determines its transport properties. In the present article this process has been optimized for the production of monodisperse, high elastic, hydrogel microbeads, and liquid-core microcapsules. We also show the feasibility of the use of liquid-core microcapsules in cell encapsulation. In preliminary experiments, CHO cells have been successfully encapsulated preserving their viability during the process and after incubation. The advantages of this process are mainly in the use of synthetic polymers, which provide great flexibility in the molecular design. This, in principle, allows for a precise tailoring of mechanical and transport properties and of bioactivity of the hydrogels, and also for a precise control in material purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cellesi
- Department of Materials and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich, Moussonstrasse 18, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland
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