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Kaushik P, Mittal V, Kaushik D. Unleashing the Potential of β -cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes in Bitter Taste Abatement: Development, Optimization and Evaluation of Taste Masked Anti-emetic Chewing Gum of Promethazine Hydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:169. [PMID: 39043992 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Motion sickness also known as kinetosis is a condition in which there exists a disagreement between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, and headache are the most common symptoms of motion sickness. This study mainly focuses on the taste masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride (PMZ) by inclusion complexation method, its formulation development in the chewing gum form by using directly compressible gum base HIG® and its quality and performance testing. Different molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) of PMZ-cyclodextrin complexes were prepared by using β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a taste masking agent. These complexes were evaluated for FTIR, DSC, % Entrapment Efficiency, % drug yield, and taste evaluation by E-Tongue. The optimized ratio was further evaluated by sophisticated analytical techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). A central composite design (CCD) (3 ^2) was utilized to examine the effects of independent variables (amount of gum-X1 and amount of plasticizer-X2) on dependent variables (%CDRY1 and hardness Y2). The prepared gums were evaluated for drug content, organoleptic properties, in-vitro dissolution testing by fabricated disintegration apparatus, texture analysis, etc. The optimization statistics showed that on decreasing the amount of gum, in- vitro drug release increases and hardness decreases. The optimized batch MCG-2 of Promethazine MCG showed 92.34 ± 0.92% of drug release, whereas for marketed formulation (Phenergan®-25 mg) drug release value was 86.19 ± 1.88%. Results provided evidence that PMZ MCGs could be a better alternative to conventional tablet formulations with improved drug release, palatability and texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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2
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Peng X, Zhang X, Sharma G, Dai C. Thymol as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6803-6814. [PMID: 38507708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases pose a growing global health challenge, with limited effective therapeutic options. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy are common underlying mechanisms in these diseases. Thymol is a phenolic monoterpene compound that has gained attention for its diverse biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Thymol supplementation could provide potential neuroprotection and improve cognitive deficits, depressant-like effects, learning, and memory impairments in rodents. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the neuroprotective effects of thymol involve the improvement of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory response. Several signaling pathways, including mitochondrial apoptotic, NF-κB, AKT, Nrf2, and CREB/BDNF pathways are also involved. In this review, the neuroprotective effects of thymol, the potential molecular mechanisms, safety, applications, and current challenges toward development as a neuroprotective agent were summarized and discussed. We hope that this review provides valuable insights for the further development of this promising natural product as a promising neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, P. R. China
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Chongshan Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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3
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Reddy PG, Domb AJ. Bioactive Phenolate Salts: Thymol Salts. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300045. [PMID: 37005949 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenolate salts of bioactive agents have been reported only scarcely. This is the first report on the formation and characterization of thymol phenolate salts as representatives of phenol-containing bioactive molecules. Thymol has been used in medicine and agriculture for decades owing to its excellent therapeutic properties. However, in light of its poor aqueous solubility, thermal instability, and especially its high chemical volatility, the utility of thymol is hampered. The present work focuses on tuning the physicochemical properties of thymol by modifying its chemical structure through salt formation. In this context, a series of metal (Na, K, Li, Cu, and Zn) and ammonium (tetrabutylammonium and choline) salts of thymol were synthesized and characterized using IR, NMR, CHN elemental analysis, and DSC analyses. The molecular formulae of thymol salts were determined based on CHN analysis and thymol quantification studies from UV-Vis spectrometric analysis. In most cases, the thymol phenolate was prepared as a 1 : 1 molar ratio with metal/ammonium ion. Only the Cu salt of thymol was isolated at a ratio of two phenolate units per copper ion. Most of the synthesized thymol salts were found to have increased thermal stability relative to thymol. The physicochemical properties such as solubility, thermal stability, and evaporation rate of thymol salts were thoroughly studied in comparison with thymol. The in vitro release studies of Cu from the copper salt of thymol is pH-dependent: rapid release of copper was observed in the lower pH release medium (100 % release at pH 1 for 12 days) and the rates of release were slower at higher pH values (5 % release at pH 2, and <1 % release at pH 4, 6, 8, and 10) over a period of about three weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute of Drug Research and, The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute of Drug Research and, The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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4
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Ma J, Fan J, Xia Y, Kou X, Ke Q, Zhao Y. Preparation of aromatic β-cyclodextrin nano/microcapsules and corresponding aromatic textiles: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120661. [PMID: 36813345 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fragrance finishing of textiles is receiving substantial interest, with aromatherapy being one of the most popular aspects of personal health care. However, the longevity of aroma on textiles and presence after subsequent launderings are major concerns for aromatic textiles directly loaded with essential oils. These drawbacks can be weakened by incorporating essential oil-complexed β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) onto various textiles. This article reviews various preparation methods of aromatic β-cyclodextrin nano/microcapsules, as well as a wide variety of methods for the preparation of aromatic textiles based on them before and after forming, proposing future trends in preparation processes. The review also covers the complexation of β-CDs with essential oils, and the application of aromatic textiles based on β-CD nano/microcapsules. Systematic research on the preparation of aromatic textiles facilitates the realization of green and simple industrialized large-scale production, providing needed application potential in the fields of various functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiaxuan Fan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yichang Xia
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xingran Kou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qinfei Ke
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Sadiki M, Balouiri M, Elabed S, Bennouna F, Lachkar M, Ibnsouda Koraichi S. The combined effect of essential oils on wood physico-chemical properties and their antiadhesive activity against mold fungi: application of mixture design methodology. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:537-554. [PMID: 37477240 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2236029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In the heritage field, the microbial adhesion on wood, and consequently the formation of biofilm led to inestimable losses of historical and cultural monuments. Thereby, this study aimed to examine the combined effect of Thymus vulgaris, Myrtus communis, and Mentha pulegium essential oils on wood surface physico-chemical properties, and to elaborate the optimal mixture using the mixture design approach coupled to the contact angle method. It was found that both wood hydrophobicity and electron donor character increased significantly after treatment using an optimal mixture containing 57% and 43% of M. pulegium and M. communis essential oils, respectively. The theoretical and experimental fungal adhesion on untreated and treated wood were also investigated. The results showed that the adhesion was favorable on untreated wood and reduced using the optimal mixture. Moreover, the experimental data demonstrated that the same mixture exhibited an antiadhesive efficacy effect with a reduction of 36-75% in adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sadiki
- Laboratory of Geo-Bio-Environment and Innovation Engineering, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LB2MB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mounyr Balouiri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LB2MB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Soumya Elabed
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LB2MB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- City of Innovation-Regional University Centre of Interface, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fadoua Bennouna
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LB2MB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Science, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LB2MB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- City of Innovation-Regional University Centre of Interface, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Thymol Octanoate, a Promising Hybrid Molecule. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the synthesis and application of thymol esters has increased in recent years due to the numerous applications associated with its biological activities. The enzymatic synthesis of thymol octanoate by esterification of thymol and octanoic acid was explored using soluble lipases and immobilized lipase biocatalysts in solvent-free systems. Candida antarctica lipase B in its soluble form was the most active biocatalyst for this reaction. Different thymol and lipase feeding strategies were evaluated to maximize thymol octanoate production. The results suggest that there could be lipase inhibition by the ester product of the reaction. In this way, the optimal reaction condition was given using a thymol/acid molar ratio of 1:4 mol/mol. Under these conditions the conversion of thymol was close to 94% and the lipase maintained more than 90% of its initial activity after the reaction, showing the potential of the enzyme to be used in successive reaction cycles.
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A strategy to maintain the organoleptic quality of flavor-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: Characteristics aroma reconstruction of Osmanthus absolute. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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8
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Liu Y, Yan H, Yu B, He J, Mao X, Yu J, Zheng P, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Wu A, Chen D. Protective Effects of Natural Antioxidants on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Thymol and Its Pharmacological Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101947. [PMID: 36290669 PMCID: PMC9598597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a gastrointestinal disease that involves chronic mucosal or submucosal lesions that affect tissue integrity. Although IBD is not life-threatening, it sometimes causes severe complications, such as colon cancer. The exact etiology of IBD remains unclear, but several risk factors, such as pathogen infection, stress, diet, age, and genetics, have been involved in the occurrence and aggravation of IBD. Immune system malfunction with the over-production of inflammatory cytokines and associated oxidative stress are the hallmarks of IBD. Dietary intervention and medical treatment suppressing abnormal inflammation and oxidative stress are recommended as potential therapies. Thymol, a natural monoterpene phenol that is mostly found in thyme, exhibits multiple biological functions as a potential adjuvant for IBD. The purpose of this review is to summarize current findings on the protective effect of thymol on intestinal health in the context of specific animal models of IBD, describe the role of thymol in the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota against gastrointestinal disease, and discuss the potential mechanism for its pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Yan
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (D.C.)
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9
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Cortés LA, Herrera AO, Castellanos DA. Natural plant‐based compounds applied in antimicrobial active packaging and storage of berries. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A. Cortés
- Post‐Harvest Lab. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 Número 45 ‐ 03 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Aníbal O. Herrera
- Post‐Harvest Lab. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 Número 45 ‐ 03 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Diego A. Castellanos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 Número 45 ‐ 03 Bogotá Colombia
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Paiva-Santos AC, Ferreira L, Peixoto D, Silva F, Soares MJ, Zeinali M, Zafar H, Mascarenhas-Melo F, Raza F, Mazzola PG, Veiga F. Cyclodextrins as an encapsulation molecular strategy for volatile organic compounds – pharmaceutical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Souza VVMA, Almeida JM, Barbosa LN, Silva NCC. Citral, carvacrol, eugenol and thymol: antimicrobial activity and its application in food. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2032422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Viacava GE, Cenci MP, Ansorena MR. Effect of Chitosan Edible Coatings Incorporated with Free or Microencapsulated Thyme Essential Oil on Quality Characteristics of Fresh-Cut Carrot Slices. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Ghorani V, Beigoli S, Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH. The effect of Zataria multiflora on respiratory allergic and immunologic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1135-1155. [PMID: 35080049 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) is used in traditional and modern medicine for therapeutic objectives especially in respiratory disorders. Therefore, updated experimental and clinical studies on the effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are reviewed. Various electronic search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords until the end of November 2021. Books, thesis-hard copies of some articles were also included. The effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung infection, and lung cancer were shown. Extracts of Z. multiflora showed the relaxant effect with various mechanisms. The preventive effects of Z. multiflora were also demonstrated by mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiinflammatory properties in the experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases. Carvacrol and thymol are probably responsible for the therapeutic effect of plant among 56 constituents of Z. multiflora. In addition, bronchodilatory and preventive effects of the plant and its constituents on asthma, COPD, lung disorders due to noxious agents and allergic and immunologic disorders were shown in the clinical studies. Therefore Z. multiflora and its constituents may be considered as a preventive and/or relieving therapy in various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Van Noten N, Van Liefferinge E, Degroote J, De Smet S, Desmet T, Michiels J. In vitro stability and ex vivo absorption of thymol monoglucosides in the porcine gut. Animal 2021; 16:100417. [PMID: 34942568 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol α-D-glucopyranoside (TαG) and thymol β-D-glucopyranoside (TβG) are believed to have different kinetic behaviours in the porcine gut than its parent aglycon thymol. However, recently, it was shown that concentrations of both glucosides decreased rapidly in the stomach and proximal small intestine following oral supplementation to piglets as did thymol. Yet, the stability of thymol glucosides in gut contents and their absorption route remains obscure. Therefore, a series of in vitro incubations were performed, simulating the impact of pH, digestive enzymes, bacterial activity and mucosal extracts on stability of these glucosides. Their absorption mechanisms were investigated using the Ussing chamber model in the presence or the absence of inhibitors of sodium-dependent glucose linked transporter 1 and lactase phlorizin hydrolase. Both glucosides remained intact at physiological pH levels in the presence of digestive enzymes. Recoveries from TαG and TβG were below 90% when incubated with small intestinal homogenates from the distal jejunum or from all sampled sites, respectively. However, no aglycon could be detected in these samples. Bacterial inoculum of the small intestine, on the other hand, hydrolysed TβG quickly with up to 44% of free aglycon appearing. TαG proved more resistant to porcine gastro-intestinal bacterial glucosidases with only trace amounts (<1%) of free thymol at the end of the incubations. Electrophysiological measurements in Ussing chambers did not suggest active transport of the glucosides. Mucosal TαG and TβG concentrations were unchanged between start and end of the absorption measurements. Additionally, no TαG and only a very limited amount of TβG were retrieved from the serosal side. Tissue associated concentrations, although marginal (<1% of luminal concentration), were mainly as intact glucoside or as aglycon for TαG and TβG, respectively. Addition of both inhibitors significantly increased the amount of intact glucosides retrieved from the mucosal tissues as compared to controls. In conclusion, bacterial hydrolysis was identified as the most important source of TβG loss, whereas TαG seemed less prone to degradation or absorption in these in vitro and ex vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Van Noten
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Van Liefferinge
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Degroote
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Smet
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Desmet
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Qi H, Dun J, Zhao F, Qi X. In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of taste-masked ibuprofen formulated in oral dry emulsions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1318-1325. [PMID: 34605349 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1989458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a pediatric oral preparation for ibuprofen. SIGNIFICANCE Ibuprofen is widely used for defervescence in children, but medication compliance is poor due to its bitter taste. Dry emulsions possess good stability and can be transported and stored in solid form; they can be dispersed into liquid emulsions with water and easily administered to children. METHODS In this study, a dry emulsion excipient was prepared by spray drying: a mixture of orange peel and corn oils (3:7, w/w) was used as the oil phase and solvent for ibuprofen; gum arabic and gum tragacanth were chosen as emulsifiers; and maltodextrin was used as a solid carrier. RESULTS The particle sizes of the liquid and reconstituted emulsions were 5.75 µm and 6.11 µm, respectively; the average particle size distribution of the dry emulsion powder was 8.13 µm; scanning electron microscopy showed that the dry emulsion powder was composed of evenly distributed smooth spheres. At a drug loading of 36.52 ± 1.15 mg/g, 90% of ibuprofen was released from the dry emulsion excipient within 30 min. Sensory evaluations using human volunteers, rats, and an electronic tongue demonstrated that the emulsion had a taste-masking effect on ibuprofen. It was further corroborated by in vivo studies using a rat model that highlighted a 1.76-fold increase in ibuprofen absorption when the drug was administered as an emulsion compared with granules. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the dry emulsion for taste-masking is promising and valuable in the development of ibuprofen for pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jiening Dun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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16
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Gutiérrez-del-Río I, López-Ibáñez S, Magadán-Corpas P, Fernández-Calleja L, Pérez-Valero Á, Tuñón-Granda M, Miguélez EM, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Terpenoids and Polyphenols as Natural Antioxidant Agents in Food Preservation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1264. [PMID: 34439512 PMCID: PMC8389302 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic antioxidant food additives, such as BHA, BHT and TBHQ, are going through a difficult time, since these products generate a negative perception in consumers. This has generated an increased pressure on food manufacturers to search for safer natural alternatives like phytochemicals (such as polyphenols, including flavonoids, and essential oils rich in terpenoids, including carotenoids). These plant bioactive compounds have antioxidant activities widely proven in in vitro tests and in diverse food matrices (meat, fish, oil and vegetables). As tons of food are wasted every year due to aesthetic reasons (lipid oxidation) and premature damage caused by inappropriate packaging, there is an urgent need for natural antioxidants capable of replacing the synthetic ones to meet consumer demands. This review summarizes industrially interesting antioxidant bioactivities associated with terpenoids and polyphenols with respect to the prevention of lipid oxidation in high fat containing foods, such as meat (rich in saturated fat), fish (rich in polyunsaturated fat), oil and vegetable products, while avoiding the generation of rancid flavors and negative visual deterioration (such as color changes due to oxidized lipids). Terpenoids (like monoterpenes and carotenoids) and polyphenols (like quercetin and other flavonoids) are important phytochemicals with a broad range of antioxidant effects. These phytochemicals are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, including agricultural waste, and are remarkably useful in food preservation, as they show bioactivity as plant antioxidants, able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as superoxide, hydroxyl or peroxyl radicals in meat and other products, contributing to the prevention of lipid oxidation processes in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gutiérrez-del-Río
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara López-Ibáñez
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia Magadán-Corpas
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Calleja
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Valero
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mateo Tuñón-Granda
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elisa M. Miguélez
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J. Villar
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.G.-d.-R.); (S.L.-I.); (P.M.-C.); (L.F.-C.); (Á.P.-V.); (M.T.-G.); (E.M.M.); (C.J.V.)
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Garg A, Ahmad J, Hassan MZ. Inclusion complex of thymol and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in polymeric hydrogel for topical application: Physicochemical characterization, molecular docking, and stability evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Shi Y, Shen J, Yang D, Du J, Lu S, Ma M, He H, Chen S, Wang X. Green cinnamaldehyde and thymol modified zinc oxide with double synergistic antibacterial effects in polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Dieshuang Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Junnan Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Songyan Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China
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Short- and long-term dynamics of the physiological and behavioral response to heat stress and thymol supplementation in Japanese quail. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102876. [PMID: 33863440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organisms have evolved endogenous timing systems that enable them to predict temporal changes and to coordinate complex internal processes. However, temporal dynamics of biological responses are most often ignored in fields such as dietary supplementation of farm animals exposed to artificial environmental challenges. Herein, we hypothesized that the potential for thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) to alleviate physiological and behavioral consequences of heat stress is time-dependent on both long-term (i.e. weeks) and short-term (i.e. within day) time scales. First, during 3-weeks adult female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were exposed daily to 9h of increased environmental temperature (34.2 ± 0.1 °C). Controls remained at standard temperatures (23.6 ± 0.1 °C). Simultaneously, half received thymol dietary supplementation and the other half a control basal diet. On day 4, both thymol and heat stress decreased body weight and feed intake respect to controls (basal, standard temperature). After three weeks, feed intake recovered for thymol groups. Therefore, we performed a second experiment focused on the critical first week of treatment, sampling variables three times a day. The beneficial effects of thymol supplementation were mainly observed during the morning, including prevention of high respiratory rates and reduction in the weight of droppings induced by heat stress, and increased walking under both temperatures. In summary, thymol's potential for alleviating heat stress consequences is time-dependent, and can be conceived as an emergent property resulting from the complex interplay between the dynamics of the biological response to thymol and heat stress. Findings highlight the importance of considering time-related factors when developing supplementation protocols to mitigate environmental challenges.
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20
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A mini-review of Thymol incorporated materials: Applications in antibacterial wound dressing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Moreira M, Sarraguça M. How can oral paediatric formulations be improved? A challenge for the XXI century. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Li Z, Wen W, Chen X, Zhu L, Cheng G, Liao Z, Huang H, Ming L. Release Characteristics of an Essential Oil Component Encapsulated with Cyclodextrin Shell Matrices. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:487-499. [PMID: 32735520 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200731164902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils are poor aqueous solubility and high volatility compounds. The encapsulation of essential oils with Cyclodextrins (CDs) can protect them from adverse environmental conditions and improve their stability. Therefore, increasing the functional capabilities of essential oils when they were used as additives in pharmaceutical and food systems. Additionally, the release of active compounds is an important issue. However, there were few studies about the effect of different CDs on the release of drugs after encapsulation. Therefore, the information on the study of release models is considerably limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (i) characterize the physico-chemical properties and release behavior of myrcene encapsulated in the four different shell matrices of α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD and 2-hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), which were selected from the perspective of stability, and (ii) determine the release mechanism of myrcene in Inclusion Complexes (ICs). METHODS ICs of myrcene and four CDs were prepared by freeze-drying. The physico-chemical properties of ICs were fully characterized by laser diffraction particle size analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The release behaviors of ICs at 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C were determined and described by zeroorder or first-order kinetics with the Henderson-Pabis, Peppas, Avrami and Page mathematical models. Moreover, the possible binding modes of ICs were identified with molecular modelling technique. RESULTS Firstly, the structure of Particle Size Distribution (PSD), FT-IR, DSC and SEM showed that (i) CDs could effectively encapsulate the myrcene molecules, and (ii) the release kinetics were well simulated by Avrami and Page models. Secondly, the release rates of the ICs experienced an unsteady state in the early stage, and gradually became almost constants period after 20 hours. Except that the release of myrcene in γ-CD/myrcene belonged to the first-order kinetic, the release models of the remaining three ICs belonged to diffusion mode. Thirdly, the calculated binding energies of the optimized structures for α-CD/myrcene, β-CD/myrcene, γ-CD/myrcene, and HP-β-CD/myrcene ICs were -4.28, -3.82, -4.04, and -3.72 kcal/mol, respectively. Finally, the encapsulation of myrcene with α-CD and β-CD was preferable according to the stability and release characteristics. CONCLUSION The encapsulation of myrcene was profoundly affected by the type of CDs, and the stability could be improved by complexation with suitable CDs. The binding behavior between guest and CD molecules, and the release profile of the guest molecules could be effectively explained by the kinetics parameters and molecular modelling. This study can provide an effective basis and guide for screening suitable shell matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wangwen Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xulong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Genjinsheng Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhenggen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Liangshan Ming
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang 330004, China
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Hierarchical porous nanofibers containing thymol/beta-cyclodextrin: Physico-chemical characterization and potential biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111155. [PMID: 32600736 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As an effective natural antibacterial component, the low water solubility of thymol (THY) has stemmed its potential in biomedical application. Here, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and THY were self-assembled to form water-soluble inclusion complex (IC). The successful formation of IC was confirmed via 1H NMR. As an antibacterial agent, the resultant IC was then incorporated into cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous matrix with hierarchical structure (nanopores on porous fibrous webs) via electrospinning (CA/THY/β-CD), and the pure THY was also encapsulated into CA for comparison (CA/THY). In vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that CA/THY/β-CD fibrous membrane exhibited sustained drug release, which abided by non-Fickian diffusion. Besides, the CA/THY/β-CD fibrous membrane exhibited more effective and long-lasting antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Furthermore, the combination of hierarchical porous structure with sustained drug release endowed the CA/THY/β-CD fibrous membrane with good cytocompatibility. Taken together, the CA/THY/β-CD fibrous membrane could be an attractive candidate for wound dressing material.
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Iqbal R, Zahoor T, Huma N, Jamil A, Ünlü G. In-vitro GIT Tolerance of Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 35914 Using Polysaccharide-Protein Matrix. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020. [PMID: 29532415 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Longevity of probiotic is the main concern for getting maximum benefits when added in food product. Bifidobacterium, a probiotic, tends to lose its viability during gastrointestinal track (GIT) transit and storage of food. Their viability can be enhanced through microencapsulation technology. In this study, Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) ATCC 35914 was encapsulated by using two experimental plans. In the first plan, chitosan (CH) at 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0% and sodium alginate (SA) at 4, 5, and 6% were used. Based on encapsulation efficiency, 6% sodium alginate and 0.8% chitosan were selected for single coating of the bacteria, and the resulting micro beads were double coated with different concentrations (5, 7.5, and 10%) of whey protein concentrate (WPC) in the second plan. Encapsulation efficiency and GIT tolerance were determined by incubating the micro beads in simulated gastrointestinal juices (SIJ) at variable pH and exposure times, and their release (liberation of bacterial cells) profile was also observed in SIJ. The microencapsulated bacterial cells showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher viability as compared to the unencapsulated (free) cells during GIT assay. The double-coated micro beads SA 6%-WPC 5% and CH 0.8%-WPC 5% were proven to have the higher survival at pH 3.0 after 90 min of incubation time and at pH 7.0 after 3-h exposure in comparison to free cells in simulated conditions of the stomach and intestine, respectively. Moreover, double coating with whey protein concentrate played a significant role in the targeted (106-9 CFU/mL) delivery under simulated intestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Iqbal
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Zahoor
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Huma
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Amer Jamil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Gülhan Ünlü
- School of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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Van Noten N, Degroote J, Van Liefferinge E, Taminiau B, De Smet S, Desmet T, Michiels J. Effects of Thymol and Thymol α-D-Glucopyranoside on Intestinal Function and Microbiota of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E329. [PMID: 32092931 PMCID: PMC7070699 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated gluco-conjugation as a measure to delay thymol absorption and enhance its antimicrobial activity in the gut of weaned piglets. The three dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without additives (TCON), supplemented with thymol at 3.7 mmol/kg dry matter (TTHY), or with an equimolar amount of thymol α-D-glucopyranoside (TTαG). Each dietary treatment was replicated in 6 pens with 2 piglets per pen (n = 12 for analytical parameters) and was supplemented for 14 days. The total (free plus gluco-conjugated) thymol concentrations in the stomach contents were 14% lower in TTαG as compared to TTHY piglets. Neither of the additives could be detected further down the gut. E.coli counts in the proximal small intestine were significantly lower in TTHY than in TTαG pigs (3.35 vs. 4.29 log10 CFU/g); however, other bacterial counts and their metabolites were unaffected by treatment. A metagenomic bacterial analysis revealed a great relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the distal small intestine (range 88.4%-99.9%), irrespective of treatment. The intestinal barrier function was improved by TTHY, but not TTαG, compared to TCON. In conclusion, gluco-conjugation did not result in higher thymol concentrations in the gut, but conversely, it seemed to diminish the biological effects of thymol in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Van Noten
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Elout Van Liefferinge
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.V.N.); (J.D.); (E.V.L.); (S.D.S.)
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Santos LS, Andrade TDA, Barbosa Gomes de Carvalho YM, Santos Oliveira AM, Barros Silva Soares de Souza EP, dos Santos CP, Frank LA, Guterres SS, Lima ÁS, Chaud MV, Alves TR, Shanmugam S, Quintans Júnior LJ, Araújo AADS, Serafini MR. Gelatin-based mucoadhesive membranes containing inclusion complex of thymol/β-cyclodextrin for treatment of oral infections. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1706509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Silva Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Silva Lima
- Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marco V. Chaud
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Thais Ribeiro Alves
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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27
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Xiao Z, Hou W, Kang Y, Niu Y, Kou X. Encapsulation and sustained release properties of watermelon flavor and its characteristic aroma compounds from γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Qin W, He Y, Guo Z, Zhang L, Wu L, Yin X, Shakya S, Maharjan A, Tang Y, Zhu W, Zhang J. Optimization of taste-masking on ibuprofen microspheres with selected structure features. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:174-182. [PMID: 32104449 PMCID: PMC7032204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsphere was a primary particulate system for taste-masking with unique structural features defined by production process. In this article, ibuprofen lipid microspheres of octadecanol and glycerin monostearate were prepared to mask the undesirable taste of ibuprofen via three kinds of spray congealing processes, namely, air-cooling, water-cooling and citric acid solution-cooling. The stereoscopic and internal structures of ibuprofen microspheres were quantitatively analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT) to establish the relationship between the preparation process and microsphere architectures. It was found that the microstructure and morphology of the microspheres were significantly influenced by preparation processes as the primary factors to determine the release profiles and taste-masking effects. The sphericity of ibuprofen microspheres congealed in citric acid solution was higher than that of other two and its morphology was more regular than that being congealed in air or distilled water, and the contact angles between congealing media and melted ibuprofen in octadecanol and glycerin monostearate well demonstrated the structure differences among microspheres of three processes which controlled the release characteristics of the microspheres. The structure parameters like porosity, sphericity, and radius ratio from quantitative analysis were correlated well with drug release behaviors. The results demonstrated that the exterior morphology and internal structure of microspheres had considerable influences on the drug release behaviors as well as taste-masking effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanzhi He
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shailendra Shakya
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abi Maharjan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Rodríguez-López MI, Mercader-Ros MT, López-Miranda S, Pellicer JA, Pérez-Garrido A, Pérez-Sánchez H, Núñez-Delicado E, Gabaldón JA. Thorough characterization and stability of HP-β-cyclodextrin thymol inclusion complexes prepared by microwave technology: A required approach to a successful application in food industry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1322-1333. [PMID: 30094851 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the present study were to obtain a stable dry powder formulation of cyclodextrins (CDs) encapsulating thymol, for successful use as an ingredient on an industrial scale, and to characterize the thymol-CDs complexes using different techniques. RESULTS Thymol was successfully solubilized in aqueous solutions and the Kc value increased with the pH of the media until the pH was neutral, giving the highest values (2583 ± 176 L mol-1 ) for HP-β-cyclodextrins (HP-β-CDs). The best encapsulation efficiency of thymol in solid complexes was obtained using the microwave (MWI) encapsulation method. The different characterization techniques have demonstrated the affinity of HP-β-CDs for thymol molecules, forming stable complexes. CONCLUSIONS The results support the use of the MWI method in the preparation of solid HP-β-CD-thymol complexes, due to greater encapsulation efficiency and technological and economic advantages for industrial applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Rodríguez-López
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Group (REM), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Mercader-Ros
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Group (REM), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Santiago López-Miranda
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Group (REM), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Pellicer
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Group (REM), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Pérez-Garrido
- Department of Degree in Computer Science, Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Degree in Computer Science, Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Estrella Núñez-Delicado
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Group (REM), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Gabaldón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Group (REM), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Kasapoglu-Calik M, Ozdemir M. Synthesis and controlled release of curcumin-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex from nanocomposite poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide/sodium alginate) hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kasapoglu-Calik
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Gebze Technical University; Gebze Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
- Department of Chemical Technology, Gedik Vocational School; Istanbul Gedik University; Istanbul 34913 Turkey
| | - Murat Ozdemir
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Gebze Technical University; Gebze Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
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Developments in Taste-Masking Techniques for Traditional Chinese Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030157. [PMID: 30213035 PMCID: PMC6161181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pharmacologically active substances, including chemotherapeutic drugs and the substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), always exhibit potent bioactivities after oral administration. However, their unpleasant taste (such as bitterness) and/or odor always decrease patient compliance and thus compromise their curative efficacies in clinical application. Therefore, the developments of taste-masking techniques are of great significance in improving their organoleptic properties. However, though a variety of taste-masking techniques have been successfully used to mask the unpalatable taste of chemotherapeutic drugs, their suitability for TCM substances is relatively limited. This is mainly due to the fact that the bitter ingredients existing in multicomponent TCM systems (i.e., effective fractions, single Chinese herbs, and compound preparations) are always unclear, and thus, there is lack of tailor-made taste-masking techniques to be utilized to conceal their unpleasant taste. The relevant studies are also relatively limited. As a whole, three types of taste-masking techniques are generally applied to TCM, including (i) functional masking via sweeteners, bitter blockers, and taste modifiers; (ii) physical masking via polymer film-coating or lipid barrier systems; and (iii) biochemical masking via intermolecular interaction, β-cyclodextrin inclusion, or ion-exchange resins. This review fully summarizes the results reported in this field with the purpose of providing an informative reference for relevant readers.
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Ceborska M. Structural investigation of solid state host/guest complexes of native cyclodextrins with monoterpenes and their simple derivatives. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lorenzo JM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Gavahian M, Marszałek K, Eş I, Munekata PES, Ferreira ICFR, Barba FJ. Understanding the potential benefits of thyme and its derived products for food industry and consumer health: From extraction of value-added compounds to the evaluation of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2879-2895. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1477730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Product and Process Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Nutrition and Food Science Area, Avda.Vicent Andrés Estellés, Burjassot, València, Spain
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Electrochemical and associated techniques for the study of the inclusion complexes of thymol and β-cyclodextrin and its interaction with DNA. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Factors affecting the entrapment efficiency of β-cyclodextrins and their effects on the formation of inclusion complexes containing essential oils. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Al-Nasiri G, Cran MJ, Smallridge AJ, Bigger SW. Optimisation of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with natural antimicrobial agents: thymol, carvacrol and linalool. J Microencapsul 2017; 35:26-35. [PMID: 29198147 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1413147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes with naturally derived antimicrobial (AM) agents: thymol, carvacrol and linalool were prepared using a co-precipitation technique. Conditions including solvent composition, temperature, reaction time and total solvent volume were investigated to optimise the inclusion efficiency (IE) and yield. Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry was used to confirm the formation of the thymol/β-CD complex and gas chromatography was used to quantify the amount AM agent that was encapsulated, absorbed onto the surface, or remaining in the filtered solvent. The systematic optimisation of the conditions improved both the yield of the complex and the IE of the AM agents compared to previously reported methods that have been applied to other agents. Using a 1:1 mole ratio of the AM agent to β-CD, the optimised parameters resulted in maximum yields of 87, 84 and 86% (w/w) for thymol, carvacrol and linalool, respectively, with IE's close to 100% (w/w) for each agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghofran Al-Nasiri
- a College of Engineering and Science , Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Marlene J Cran
- a College of Engineering and Science , Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Andrew J Smallridge
- a College of Engineering and Science , Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Stephen W Bigger
- a College of Engineering and Science , Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
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Silva JC, de Moraes Alcantara LF, Dias Soares JM, e Silva MG, de Lavor ÉM, Andrade VM, dos Passos Menezes P, de Souza Araújo AA, Leite LHI, de Menezes IRA, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oliveira RC, Quintans JS, Silva Almeida JRG, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Docking, characterization and investigation of β-cyclodextrin complexed with farnesol, an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, produces orofacial antinociceptive profile in experimental protocols. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Esmaeili A, Kakavand S. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity evaluation of 3‐hydroxybenzaldehyde: the product of thymol oxidation by a new magnetic nanocatalyst. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityPO Box 19585/936TehranIran
| | - Sahar Kakavand
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityPO Box 19585/936TehranIran
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40
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Keating AV, Soto J, Tuleu C, Forbes C, Zhao M, Craig DQM. Solid state characterisation and taste masking efficiency evaluation of polymer based extrudates of isoniazid for paediatric administration. Int J Pharm 2017; 536:536-546. [PMID: 28687346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion has gained considerable attention as a novel technique for taste masking of bitter APIs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hot melt extrusion could be used to develop taste masked formulations of isoniazid and also to evaluate and correlate different taste assessment methods Two polymers with different physico-chemical properties, Soluplus and Eudragit E-PO were chosen as carriers for the drug. Eudragit E-PO has already been widely used for taste masking due to its selective release properties, while Soluplus has not been studied in this regard but provides a useful comparator of a polymer that should release the drug reasonably efficiently. Polymeric formulations of isoniazid were produced with drug loadings of 20% and 30% w/w. The solid state characteristics of the formulations were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. The taste of isoniazid was assessed using the rodent Brief Access Taste Aversion (BATA) model, while formulations were assessed using the electronic tongue and dissolution under simulated oral conditions. Investigation into the drug loading effect with these two polymers showed that all Soluplus based extrudates with drug loading up to 30% w/w were fully amorphous while Eudragit E-PO based extrudates contained crystalline drug as demonstrated by both DSC and PXRD, dependent on loading. BATA testing of isoniazid gave an IC50 value, i.e. the dose of drug which inhibits 50% of licks, of 11.1mg/mL. Taste assessment of the formulations using both simulated oral drug release and the electronic tongue demonstrated that Eudragit E-PO based formulations had a better taste masking efficiency than Soluplus. This is due to the fact that significantly less isoniazid is released from the Eudragit E-PO based formulations under oral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison V Keating
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jessica Soto
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Claire Forbes
- Pfizer UK Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9ND, UK
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Duncan Q M Craig
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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41
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Javed H, Al Taee H, Azimullah S, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:380. [PMID: 28694777 PMCID: PMC5483461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol, chemically known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol is a colorless crystalline monoterpene phenol. It is one of the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. For centuries, it has been used in traditional medicine and has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic and antitumor activities. The present article presents a detailed review of the scientific literature which reveals the pharmacological properties of thymol and its multiple therapeutic actions against various cardiovascular, neurological, rheumatological, gastrointestinal, metabolic and malignant diseases at both biochemical and molecular levels. The noteworthy effects of thymol are largely attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting recruitment of cytokines and chemokines), antioxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, enhancing the endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and chelation of metal ions), antihyperlipidemic (via increasing the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the circulation and membrane stabilization) (via maintaining ionic homeostasis) effects. This review presents an overview of the current in vitro and in vivo data supporting thymol's therapeutic activity and the challenges concerning its use for prevention and its therapeutic value as a dietary supplement or as a pharmacological agent or as an adjuvant along with current therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. It is one of the potential candidates of natural origin that has shown promising therapeutic potential, pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms as well as pharmacokinetic properties for the pharmaceutical development of thymol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hasan Al Taee
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
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42
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Lima PSS, Lucchese AM, Araújo-Filho HG, Menezes PP, Araújo AAS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Inclusion of terpenes in cyclodextrins: Preparation, characterization and pharmacological approaches. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:965-987. [PMID: 27474645 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes constitute the largest class of natural products and are important resources for the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. However, due to their low water solubility and poor bioavailability there has been a search for compounds that could improve their physicochemical properties. Cyclodextrins (natural and derived) have been proposed for this role and have been complexed with different types of terpenes. This complexation has been demonstrated by using analytical techniques for characterizing complexes such as DSC, NMR, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. The formation of inclusion complexes has been able to improve drug characteristics such as bioavailability, solubility and stability; and to enhance biological activity and efficacy. This review shows strong experimental evidence that cyclodextrins improve the pharmacological properties of terpenes, and therefore need to be recognized as being possible targets for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana S S Lima
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Angélica M Lucchese
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Heitor G Araújo-Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Paula P Menezes
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Adriano A S Araújo
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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43
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Marchese A, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Barbieri R, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Gortzi O, Izadi M, Nabavi SM. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of thymol: A brief review of the literature. Food Chem 2016; 210:402-14. [PMID: 27211664 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family (Thymus, Ocimum, Origanum, and Monarda genera), and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Apiaceae families. These essential oils are used in the food industry for their flavouring and preservative properties, in commercial mosquito repellent formulations for their natural repellent effect, in aromatherapy, and in traditional medicine for the treatment of headaches, coughs, and diarrhea. Many different activities of thymol such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, local anaesthetic, antinociceptive, cicatrizing, antiseptic, and especially antibacterial and antifungal properties have been shown. This review aims to critically evaluate the available literature regarding the antibacterial and antifungal effects of thymol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchese
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS-San Martino-IST and DISC, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ramona Barbieri
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS-San Martino-IST and DISC, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olga Gortzi
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., Greece
| | - Morteza Izadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ezzat Abd El-Hack M, Alagawany M, Ragab Farag M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Dhama K, Zorriehzahra J, Adel M. Beneficial impacts of thymol essential oil on health and production of animals, fish and poultry: a review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Uttar PradeshPandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh) India
| | - Jalil Zorriehzahra
- Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO),Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Milad Adel
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Kfoury M, Landy D, Ruellan S, Auezova L, Greige-Gerges H, Fourmentin S. Determination of formation constants and structural characterization of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with two phenolic isomers: carvacrol and thymol. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:29-42. [PMID: 26877806 PMCID: PMC4734404 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol and thymol have been widely studied for their ability to control food spoilage and to extend shelf-life of food products due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, they suffer from poor aqueous solubility and pronounced flavoring ability that limit their application in food systems. These drawbacks could be surpassed by encapsulation in cyclodextrins (CDs). Applications of their inclusion complexes with CDs were reported without investigating the inclusion phenomenon in deep. In this study, inclusion complexes were characterized in terms of formation constants (Kf), complexation efficiency (CE), CD:guest molar ratio and increase in bulk formulation by using an UV–visible competitive method, phase solubility studies as well as 1H and DOSY 1H NMR titration experiments. For the first time, a new algorithmic treatment that combines the chemical shifts and diffusion coefficients variations for all guest protons was applied to calculate Kf. The position of the hydroxy group in carvacrol and thymol did not affect the stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes but led to a different binding stability with CDs. 2D ROESY NMR experiments were also performed to prove the encapsulation and illustrate the stable 3D conformation of the inclusion complexes. The structural investigation was accomplished with molecular modeling studies. Finally, the radical scavenging activity of carvacrol and thymol was evaluated by the ABTS radical scavenging assay. An improvement of this activity was observed upon encapsulation. Taken together, these results evidence that the encapsulation in CDs could be valuable for applications of carvacrol and thymol in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Kfoury
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, section II, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - David Landy
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Steven Ruellan
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Lizette Auezova
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, section II, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, section II, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Fourmentin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
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46
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Vishwakarma GS, Gautam N, Babu JN, Mittal S, Jaitak V. Polymeric Encapsulates of Essential Oils and Their Constituents: A Review of Preparation Techniques, Characterization, and Sustainable Release Mechanisms. POLYM REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Varghese S, Kuriakose S. Synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial studies of carbon nanoparticle and carbon nanoparticle encapsulated in functionally modified β-cyclodextrin with {5-[4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1, 3-thiazolidin-3-yl} acetic acid. Supramol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Varghese
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, St. Thomas College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala
| | - Sunny Kuriakose
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, St. Thomas College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala
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Antifungal activity against Candida albicans of starch Pickering emulsion with thymol or amphotericin B in suspension and calcium alginate films. Int J Pharm 2015; 493:233-42. [PMID: 26231107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional antifungal treatments against Candida albicans in the oral cavity often result in increased cytotoxicity. The goal of this study was to determine the potential of starch Pickering emulsion as a delivery vehicle for an antifungal natural phenolic compound such as thymol in simulated saliva fluid (SSF) compared to amphotericin B. An oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion was stabilized using starch particles. Physical stability of the emulsion and disruption induced by α-amylase activity in SSF was evaluated. Encapsulated thymol in o/w emulsion was compared to encapsulated amphotericin B for antifungal activity against C. albicans in suspension using emulsions or zone inhibition assay on agar plates using emulsions dispersed in alginate films. Results showed that the emulsions were stable for at least three weeks. Digestion of the emulsion by α-amylase led to coalescence of emulsion droplets. The antifungal activity of thymol and amphotericin B in emulsion formulation was enhanced upon incubation with α-amylase. Results from the zone inhibition assay demonstrated efficacy of the emulsions dispersed in alginate films. Interestingly, addition of α-amylase to the alginate films resulted in a decreased inhibitory effect. Overall, this study showed that starch Pickering emulsions have a potential to deliver hydrophobic antifungal compounds to treat oral candidiasis.
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Kfoury M, Auezova L, Ruellan S, Greige-Gerges H, Fourmentin S. Complexation of estragole as pure compound and as main component of basil and tarragon essential oils with cyclodextrins. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 118:156-64. [PMID: 25542121 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion complexes of estragole (ES) as pure compound and as main component of basil and tarragon essential oils (EOs) with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB), a low methylated-β-cyclodextrin (CRYSMEB) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) were characterized. Formation constants (Kf) of the complexes were determined in aqueous solution by nonlinear regression analysis using static headspace gas chromatography (SH-GC) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Solid inclusion complexes were prepared by the freeze-drying method for different CD:ES molar ratios and were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Inclusion complexes formation allowed the controlled release of ES. Moreover, increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and photostability of ES and ES containing EOs (ESEOs) were observed in the presence of CDs. These findings suggest that encapsulation with CDs could be an efficient tool to improve the use of ES and ESEOs in aromatherapy, cosmetic and food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Kfoury
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon; Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Lizette Auezova
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Steven Ruellan
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Fourmentin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France.
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