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Liu S, Qin Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhou J, He B, Liang X, Xian L, Wu J. A novel pectate lyase with high specific activity from Bacillus sp. B58-2: Gene cloning, heterologous expression and use in ramie degumming. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 175:110395. [PMID: 38237242 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pectinase plays a crucial role in ramie degumming. A gene encoding a putative pectate lyase from Bacillus sp. strain B58-2 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The amplified gene BvelPL1 encoded a mature protein of 400 amino acids. BvelPL1 shared the highest amino acid sequence identity (78.75%) with the enzymatically characterized pectate lyase Pel from Bacillus subtilis strain RCK (GenBank: AFH66771.1). The purified recombinant enzyme rBvelPL1-Ec exhibited a maximum specific activity of 2433.26 U/mg at pH 8.5 and 50 °C towards polygalacturonic acid. This specific activity was higher than that of most reported pectate lyases. Remarkably, the enzymatic activity of rBvelPL1-Ec increased by 23.28 times in the presence of 0.4 mM calcium ion. The effect of calcium ion on promoting the enzymatic activity of rBvelPL1-Ec was greater than that for all reported pectate lyases. After degumming with rBvelPL1-Ec, a weight loss of 21.27 ± 1.17% of circled ramie fibers was obtained, and the surfaces of the ramie fibers became smoother. Moreover, a weight loss of 30.47 ± 0.46% was obtained through enzymatic treated and subsequent NaOH treated circled ramie fibers. The excellent performance in degumming suggests that rBvelPL1-Ec may serve as a promising biocatalyst in the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yan Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Baoxiang He
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xinquan Liang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Liang Xian
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China.
| | - Junhua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China.
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Chen Y, Zhang T, Lai Q, Zhang M, Yu M, Zeng R, Jin M. Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Deep-Sea Bacillus Phage Reveal a Novel Genus. Viruses 2023; 15:1919. [PMID: 37766325 PMCID: PMC10535572 DOI: 10.3390/v15091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant biological entities, viruses are the major players in marine ecosystems. However, our knowledge on virus diversity and virus-host interactions in the deep sea remains very limited. In this study, vB_BteM-A9Y, a novel bacteriophage infecting Bacillus tequilensis, was isolated from deep-sea sediments in the South China Sea. vB_BteM-A9Y has a hexametric head and a long, complex contractile tail, which are typical features of myophages. vB_BteM-A9Y initiated host lysis at 60 min post infection with a burst size of 75 PFU/cell. The phage genome comprises 38,634 base pairs and encodes 54 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), of which 27 ORFs can be functionally annotated by homology analysis. Interestingly, abundant ORFs involved in DNA damage repair were identified in the phage genome, suggesting that vB_BteM-A9Y encodes multiple pathways for DNA damage repair, which may help to maintain the stability of the host/phage genome. A BLASTn search of the whole genome sequence of vB_BteM-A9Y against the GenBank revealed no existing homolog. Consistently, a phylogenomic tree and proteome-based phylogenetic tree analysis showed that vB_BteM-A9Y formed a unique branch. Further comparative analysis of genomic nucleotide similarity and ORF homology of vB_BteM-A9Y with its mostly related phages showed that the intergenomic similarity between vB_BteM-A9Y and these phages was 0-33.2%. Collectively, based on the comprehensive morphological, phylogenetic, and comparative genomic analysis, we propose that vB_BteM-A9Y belongs to a novel genus under Caudoviricetes. Therefore, our study will increase our knowledge on deep-sea virus diversity and virus-host interactions, as well as expanding our knowledge on phage taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, China; (Y.C.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Tianyou Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350000, China;
| | - Qiliang Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, China; (Y.C.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Menghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, China; (Y.C.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Meishun Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, China; (Y.C.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Runying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, China; (Y.C.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, China; (Y.C.); (Q.L.); (M.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
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Structure of an Alkaline Pectate Lyase and Rational Engineering with Improved Thermo-Alkaline Stability for Efficient Ramie Degumming. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010538. [PMID: 36613981 PMCID: PMC9820310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline pectate lyases have biotechnological applications in plant fiber processing, such as ramie degumming. Previously, we characterized an alkaline pectate lyase from Bacillus clausii S10, named BacPelA, which showed potential for enzymatic ramie degumming because of its high cleavage activity toward methylated pectins in alkaline conditions. However, BacPelA displayed poor thermo-alkaline stability. Here, we report the 1.78 Å resolution crystal structure of BacPelA in apo form. The enzyme has the characteristic right-handed β-helix fold of members of the polysaccharide lyase 1 family and shows overall structural similarity to them, but it displays some differences in the details of the secondary structure and Ca2+-binding site. On the basis of the structure, 10 sites located in flexible regions and showing high B-factor and positive ΔTm values were selected for mutation, aiming to improve the thermo-alkaline stability of the enzyme. Following site-directed saturation mutagenesis and screening, mutants A238C, R150G, and R216H showed an increase in the T5015 value at pH 10.0 of 3.0 °C, 6.5 °C, and 7.0 °C, respectively, compared with the wild-type enzyme, interestingly accompanied by a 24.5%, 46.6%, and 61.9% increase in activity. The combined mutant R150G/R216H/A238C showed an 8.5 °C increase in the T5015 value at pH 10.0, and an 86.1% increase in the specific activity at 60 °C, with approximately doubled catalytic efficiency, compared with the wild-type enzyme. Moreover, this mutant retained 86.2% activity after incubation in ramie degumming conditions (4 h, 60 °C, pH 10.0), compared with only 3.4% for wild-type BacPelA. The combined mutant increased the weight loss of ramie fibers in degumming by 30.2% compared with wild-type BacPelA. This work provides a thermo-alkaline stable, highly active pectate lyase with great potential for application in the textile industry, and also illustrates an effective strategy for rational design and improvement of pectate lyases.
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Li PW, Ma J, Wei XF, Zhang ZY, Wang RM, Xiao J, Wang JQ. Modification and application of highly active alkaline pectin lyase. AMB Express 2022; 12:130. [PMID: 36210372 PMCID: PMC9548460 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline pectate lyase has developmental prospects in the textile, pulp, paper, and food industries. In this study, we selected BacPelA, the pectin lyase with the highest expression activity from Bacillus clausii, modified and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Through fragment replacement, the catalytic activity of the enzyme was significantly improved. The optimum pH and temperature of the modified pectin lyase (PGLA-rep4) were 11.0 and 70 °C, respectively. It also exhibited a superior ability to cleave methylated pectin. The enzyme activity of PGLA-rep4, measured at 235 nm with 0.2% apple pectin as the substrate, was 554.0 U/mL, and the specific enzyme activity after purification using a nickel column was 822.9 U/mg. After approximately 20 ns of molecular dynamics simulation, the structure of the pectin lyase PGLA-rep4 tended to be stable. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values at the key catalytically active site, LYS168, were higher than those of the wildtype PGLA. In addition, PGLA-rep4 was relatively stable in the presence of metal ions. PGLA-rep4 has good enzymatic properties and activities and maintains a high pH and temperature. This study provides a successful strategy for enhancing the catalytic activity of PGLA-rep4, making it the ultimate candidate for degumming and various uses in the pulp, paper, and textile industries.
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Sharma N, Sahoo D, Rai AK, Singh SP. A highly alkaline pectate lyase from the Himalayan hot spring metagenome and its bioscouring applications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Critical Factors for Optimum Biodegradation of Bast Fiber’s Gums in Bacterial Retting. FIBERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fib9080052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bast fiber plants require a post-harvest process to yield useable natural cellulosic fibers, denoted as retting or degumming. It encompasses the degradation of the cell wall’s non-cellulosic gummy substances (NCGs), facilitating fibers separations, setting the fiber’s quality, and determining downstream usages. Due to the inconvenience of traditional retting practices, bacterial inoculum and enzyme applications for retting gained attention. Therefore, concurrent changes of agroclimatic and socioeconomic conditions, the conventional water retting confront multiple difficulties, bast industries become vulnerable, and bacterial agents mediated augmented bio-retting processes trying to adapt to sustainability. However, this process’s success demands a delicate balance among substrates and retting-related biotic and abiotic factors. These critical factors were coupled to degrade bast fibers NCGs in bacterial retting while holistically disregarded in basic research. In this study, a set of factors were defined that critically regulates the process and requires to be comprehended to achieve optimum retting without failure. This review presents the bacterial strain characteristics, enzyme potentials, specific bast plant cell wall’s structure, compositions, solvents, and interactions relating to the maximum NCGs removal. Among plants, associated factors pectin is the primary biding material that determines the process’s dynamics, while its degree of esterification has a proficient effect through bacterial enzymatic degradation. The accomplished bast plant cell wall’s structure, macerating solvents pH, and temperature greatly influence the bacterial retting process. This article also highlights the remediation process of water retting pollution in a biocompatible manner concerning the bast fiber industry’s endurance.
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Zhou Z, Wang X. Rational design and structure-based engineering of alkaline pectate lyase from Paenibacillus sp. 0602 to improve thermostability. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:32. [PMID: 33941157 PMCID: PMC8091735 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramie degumming is often carried out at high temperatures; therefore, thermostable alkaline pectate lyase (PL) is beneficial for ramie degumming for industrial applications. Thermostable PLs are usually obtained by exploring new enzymes or reconstructing existing enzyme by rational design. Here, we improved the thermostability of an alkaline pectate lyase (PelN) from Paenibacillus sp. 0602 with rational design and structure-based engineering. RESULTS From 26 mutants, two mutants of G241A and G241V showed a higher thermostability compared with the wild-type PL. The mutant K93I showed increasing specific activity at 45 °C. Subsequently, we obtained combinational mutations (K93I/G241A) and found that their thermostability and specific activity improved simultaneously. The K93I/G241A mutant showed a half-life time of 15.9 min longer at 60 °C and a melting temperature of 1.6 °C higher than those of the wild PL. The optimum temperature decreased remarkably from 67.5 °C to 60 °C, accompanied by a 57% decrease in Km compared with the Km value of the wild-type strain. Finally, we found that the intramolecular interaction in PelN was the source in the improvements of molecular properties by comparing the model structures. Rational design of PelN was performed by stabilizing the α-helices with high conservation and increasing the stability of the overall structure of the protein. Two engineering strategies were applied by decreasing the mutation energy calculated by Discovery Studio and predicting the free energy in the process of protein folding by the PoPMuSiC algorithm. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the K93I/G241A mutant was more suitable for industrial production than the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, the two forementioned strategies could be extended to reveal engineering of other kinds of industrial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Zhou
- Tianjin Sinonocy Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510970, China.
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8
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Kaur A, Varghese LM, Battan B, Patra AK, Mandhan RP, Mahajan R. An environmental management technology for the processing of American aloe fibers using xylano-pectinolytic enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15565-15573. [PMID: 33580365 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to find out the potential of bioscouring using xylano-pectinolytic enzymes, for degumming of aloe fibers. Bioscouring was optimized with 1 : 20 fiber to buffer ratio, using 10 IU xylanase and 3.2 IU pectinase in 50 mM buffer (pH 8.5), EDTA (3 mM), and Tween 80 (1%), at 50°C temperature with agitation rate of 50 rpm and treatment period of 60 min. Enzymatic treatment of aloe fibers increased brightness and whiteness by 55.67% and 24.88%, respectively and decreased yellowness by 44.11% as compared to alkaline fiber scouring, thereby replacing chemical scouring completely. Additionally, the pretreatment of aloe fibers with enzymes resulted in a 50% less consumption of bleaching chemicals with similar optical properties as obtained by 100% bleaching. This is the first report showing the eco-friendly bioscouring approach of aloe fibers, using enzymes produced concurrently from a bacterial isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Bindu Battan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Rishi Pal Mandhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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9
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John J, Kaimal KS, Smith ML, Rahman PK, Chellam PV. Advances in upstream and downstream strategies of pectinase bioprocessing: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1086-1099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Environmental pollution reducing strategy for scouring of undegummed sisal fibers using xylanase and pectinase enzymes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:607-615. [PMID: 33033865 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the potential of bioscouring in the processing of undegummed sisal fibers, using xylano-pectinolytic enzymes. Optimum bioscouring was obtained at pH 8.5 and 50 mM buffer molarity, using xylanase (10 IU) and pectinase (8 IU), with a material to liquor proportion of 1:25 (g:ml), EDTA (2 mM) and Tween 80 (0.5%), at 50 °C temperature with agitation rate of 55 rpm and treatment period of 60 min. Enzymatic treatment of sisal fibers enhanced the brightness and whiteness by 11.52 and 6.83%, respectively, and reduced the yellowness by 7.14% in comparison to control. The use of xylanase and pectinase enzymes completely replaced the chemical scouring method for removing non-cellulosic impurities. Thus, enzymatic scouring is energy saving and ecofriendly, since it completely eliminated the use of toxic chemicals used in alkaline scouring. An increase of 23.75% and 11.58% in brightness and whiteness of enzymatically scoured cum bleached fibers, as compared to chemically scoured cum bleached fibers was finally obtained, along with reduction in yellowness by 27.99%. This is the first report demonstrating environmentally sustainable enzymatic approach for scouring of undegummed sisal fibers, using enzymes, simultaneously produced from a bacterial isolate.
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Dai J, Dong A, Xiong G, Liu Y, Hossain MS, Liu S, Gao N, Li S, Wang J, Qiu D. Production of Highly Active Extracellular Amylase and Cellulase From Bacillus subtilis ZIM3 and a Recombinant Strain With a Potential Application in Tobacco Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1539. [PMID: 32793132 PMCID: PMC7385192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of bacteria capable of degrading starch and cellulose were isolated from the aging flue-cured tobacco leaves. Remarkably, there was a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis ZIM3, that can simultaneously degrade both starch and cellulose at a wide range of temperature and pH values. Genome sequencing, comparative genomics analyses, and enzymatic activity assays showed that the ZIM3 strain expressed a variety of highly active plant biomass-degrading enzymes, such as the amylase AmyE1 and cellulase CelE1. The in vitro and PhoA-fusion assays indicated that these enzymes degrading complex plant biomass into fermentable sugars were secreted into ambient environment to function. Besides, the amylase and cellulase activities were further increased by three- to five-folds by using overexpression. Furthermore, a fermentation strategy was developed and the biodegradation efficiency of the starch and cellulose in the tobacco leaves were improved by 30–48%. These results reveal that B. subtilis ZIM3 and the recombinant strain exhibited high amylase and cellulase activities for efficient biodegradation of starch and cellulose in tobacco and could potentially be applied for industrial tobacco fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Dai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aijun Dong
- Technology Research Center of China Tobacco Hubei Industry Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxi Xiong
- Technology Research Center of China Tobacco Hubei Industry Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Md Shahdat Hossain
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shuangyuan Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongru Qiu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zheng X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li C, Lin Y, Liang S. High-Level Expression and Biochemical Properties of A Thermo-Alkaline Pectate Lyase From Bacillus sp. RN1 in Pichia pastoris With Potential in Ramie Degumming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:850. [PMID: 32850721 PMCID: PMC7396651 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectate lyases play an essential role in textiles, animal feed, and oil extraction industries. Pichia pastoris can be an ideal platform for pectate lyases production, and BspPel (a thermo-alkaline pectate lyase from Bacillus sp. RN1) was overexpressed by combined strategies, reaching 1859 U/mL in a 50 L fermentator. It displayed the highest activity at 80°C, and maintained more than 60% of the activity between 30 and 70°C for 1 h. It showed an optimal pH of 10.0, and exhibited remarkable stability over a wider pH range (3.0-11.0), retaining more than 80.0% of enzyme activity for 4 h. The Km and kcat of BspPel on PGA (polygalacturonic acid) was 2.19 g L–1 and 116.1 s–1, respectively. The activity was significantly enhanced by Ca2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+, and a slight increase was observed with the addition of Ba2+ and Mg2+. Scanning electron microscope was used to show the degumming efficiency of BspPel on ramie fibers. The loss weight was 9.2% when treated with crude enzyme supernatant and 20.8% when treated with the enzyme-chemical method, which was higher than the 14.2% weight loss in the positive control treated with 0.5% (w/v) NaOH alone. In conclusion, BspPel could be a good candidate for the ramie degumming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Wu P, Yang S, Zhan Z, Zhang G. Origins and features of pectate lyases and their applications in industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7247-7260. [PMID: 32666183 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pectate lyase treatment can be an alternative strategy of the chemical processing, which causes severe environmental pollution, and has been broadly studied and applied for diverse industrial applications including textile industry, beverage industry, pulp processing, pectic wastewater pretreatment, and oil extraction. This review gave a brief description of the origins, enzymatic characterizations, structure, and applications of pectate lyases (Pels). Most of the reported pectate lyases are originated from microorganisms with a small number of them from plants and animals. Due to the diverse environments that these microorganisms exist, Pels present diversified features, especially for the range of optimal pH and temperature. The diversified biochemical properties of Pels define their applications in different industries, and the applications of alkaline Pels on cotton bioscouring and ramie degumming in textile industry were focused in this review. This review also discussed the perspectives of the development and applications of Pels. KEY POINTS: • The first review on pectate lyase focusing on biotechnological applications. • Origins, features, structures, applications of pectate lyases reviewed. • Applications of alkaline Pels in textile industry demonstrated. • Perspectives on future development and applications of Pels discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhichun Zhan
- Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Qu Y, Qin Z, Zhang R, Wu D, Ji F, Shi Z, Zhao S, Liu L, Yu J. High-efficiency and recyclability of ramie degumming catalyzed by FeCl 3 in organic solvent. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116250. [PMID: 32414442 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional alkaline (TAL) process for ramie degumming is commonly used in the industry, it causes severe environmental concerns. In this work, an emerging organic solvent degumming process utilizing FeCl3 catalyst (FeCl3-OS) was developed in one step. The influences of FeCl3-OS system on fiber properties (e.g. residual gum content, tenacity, degree of polymerization (DP), etc.) were evaluated, and the recyclability of degumming solution was also studied. The results indicated that ramie fiber could be isolated with FeCl3-OS treatment (FeCl3 1.0 %, 200 ℃, 121 min), and the tenacity and residual gum content of refined fibers were 7.9 cN/dtex and 3.88 %, respectively. Fibers treated in FeCl3-OS system were endowed better moisture sorption (9.2 %) and higher yield (75.2 %) compared with that in TAL system. Moreover, fibers with five cycles' treatment possessed outstanding performances, that was 4.44 cN/dtex of tenacity and 4.33 % of residual gum content, which fulfilled the requirements of the spinning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Qu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Dequn Wu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhaohe Shi
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Zhen J, Tan M, Fu X, Shu W, Zhao X, Yang S, Xu J, Ma Y, Zheng H, Song H. High-level extracellular production of an alkaline pectate lyase in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and its application in bioscouring of cotton fabric. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:49. [PMID: 32002340 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A high heterologous expression of an alkaline pectate lyase (APL) pelNK93I in E. coli was obtained through optimizing the lactose feeding and fed-batch fermentation. The highest soluble APL activity produced by E. coli BL21 (pET22b-pelNK93I) was 10,181 U/mL which is the highest level so far. On this basis, to improve the extracellular yield of APL, optimized glycine feeding was used to achieve elevated extracellular production of pelNK93I. The highest extracellular APL activity produced by E. coli BL21 (pET22b-pelNK93I) was 6357 U/mL which was also relatively higher than that in previous reports. The final productivity of APL was 282.8 U/mL/h in the fermentation of E. coli BL21 (pET22b-pelNK93I) in a 10 L fermenter. Thus the current study has provided a cost-effective method for the over-expression and preparation of alkaline pectate lyase pelNK93I for its industrial applications. Moreover, pelNK93I (4 U/mL) used for bioscouring increased cottonseed husk removal and radial capillary effect of cotton fabric by 37.63% and 47.06%, respectively, making it a promising enzyme in green textile technology.
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Singh A, Varghese LM, Battan B, Patra AK, Mandhan RP, Mahajan R. Eco-friendly scouring of ramie fibers using crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymes for textile purpose. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6701-6710. [PMID: 31873900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to demonstrate the biotechnological potential of xylano-pectinolytic enzymes on scouring of ramie fibers. Optimization of bioscouring process showed a maximum effect of enzymes with 50-mM strength of buffer, pH 8.5, fibers to liquid ratio of 1 : 20 (g:ml). Xylanase and pectinase dosage of 7.5 and 3.0 IU, respectively, was found to be best for removal of xylan and pectin impurities, after treatment time of 1.5 h, at 50 °C temperature and 55 rpm agitation rate. EDTA and Tween 80 at concentration of 1.5 mM and 1.25 %, respectively, were found to be the best for effective removal of impurities, in order to improve hydrophilicity of the fibers. After bioscouring, brightness and whiteness values of bioscoured fibers were increased by 9.72 and 7.10% in comparison with control fibers. After enzymatic scouring, a reduction of 14.45 % in yellowness was also seen in ramie fibers. Enzymatic treatment resulted in 6.97% increased brightness, 10.64% increased whiteness, and 4.11% decreased yellowness as compared with scoured ramie fibers. The results indicated that scouring using xylanase and pectinase enzymes could be a substitute for chemical scouring technique. Enzymatic scouring is, therefore, environmentally sustainable and saves energy, also decreases the consumption of harmful chemicals used in alkaline scouring. This is the first report showing the effect of xylanase and pectinase enzymes, produced by a bacterial isolate, on physico-chemical and various optical properties of ramie fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Bindu Battan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Rishi Pal Mandhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
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17
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Kaur A, Varghese LM, Battan B, Patra AK, Mandhan RP, Mahajan R. Bio-degumming of banana fibers using eco-friendly crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:521-528. [PMID: 31922919 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1710713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of xylano-pectinolytic enzymes in scouring of banana fibers has been reported. Maximum efficiency of bioscouring was recorded using xylanase and pectinase doses of 15 and 4.8 IU, respectively (produced by a bacterial isolate) at a material-to-liquor proportion of 1:25 having 8.5 pH, treatment time of 1 h, speed of 50 rpm, temperature 50 °C, 3 mM EDTA and 1% Tween-80, with maximum sugar release, enhanced fiber water absorbing power and the finest optical characteristics. Enzymatic treatment resulted in 13.27% increase in whiteness, 16.14% increase in brightness and 8.63% decrease in yellowness as compared to raw banana fibers. The bioscouring also resulted in 50% reduction in scouring chemicals, in order to achieve the similar optical characteristics as obtained by the chemically treated fibers with 100% scouring and bleaching. It decreased the consumption of environment polluting chemicals and energy. Therefore, this has proven to be an environment safe method for removing the non-cellulosic impurities. This is the first report mentioning the scouring of banana fibers using xylano-pectinolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Bindu Battan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Rishi Pal Mandhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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18
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Koshy M, De S. Effect of Bacillus tequilensis SALBT crude extract with pectinase activity on demucilation of coffee beans and juice clarification. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1185-1194. [PMID: 31617605 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pectinases are a group of enzymes, which catalyze the breakdown of pectin with numerous applications in various industries. Microbes are the predominant pectinase producers. In the present study, bacterial species were isolated from the soil of a vegetable and fruit dump yard area in a market. The species screened and isolated were identified as Bacillus tequilensis SALBT, and the media and culture conditions were optimized for enhanced production of total pectinases. Maximum pectinolytic activity was observed with 1.5% (w/v) pectin concentration with a combination of yeast extract as nitrogen source and MgSO4 as a metal ion source. Carbon/nitrogen in 2:1 ratio (w/v) yielded the maximum pectinase production with pH and temperature of the medium of 7.5°C and 40°C, respectively. Pectinase activity was determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid method. The pectinase production was relatively stable in the presence of various surfactants like Tween (20, 40, 60, and 80) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), whereas Triton X-100 showed an inhibitory effect. Mass production of the enzyme in optimized media and partial purification was performed by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis. The approximate molecular weight of the partially purified pectinase was found to be 35 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Application studies such as demucilaging coffee beans and juice clarification were also performed. The findings revealed that B. tequilensis SALBT with pectinase activity has the ability to remove the mucilage layer of pulped coffee seeds, and the partially purified pectinases found to be effective in clarifying juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mittu Koshy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bangalore, India
| | - Salamun De
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bangalore, India
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19
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Alhumaimess MS. Sulfhydryl functionalized activated carbon for Pb(II) ions removal: kinetics, isotherms, and mechanism. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1589513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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20
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Kamijo J, Sakai K, Suzuki H, Suzuki K, Kunitake E, Shimizu M, Kato M. Identification and characterization of a thermostable pectate lyase from Aspergillus luchuensis var. saitoi. Food Chem 2019; 276:503-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Screening of a Novel Polysaccharide Lyase Family 10 Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1: Cloning, Expression and Characterization. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112774. [PMID: 30373112 PMCID: PMC6278402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2) catalyzes the cleavage of α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of pectin polymers, and it has potential uses in the textile industry. In this study, a novel pectate lyase belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 10 was screened from the secreted enzyme extract of Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1 and identified by liquid chromatography-MS/MS. The gene was cloned from P. polymyxa KF-1 genomic DNA and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme PpPel10a had a predicted Mr of 45.2 kDa and pI of 9.41. Using polygalacturonic acid (PGA) as substrate, the optimal conditions for PpPel10a reaction were determined to be 50 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. The Km, vmax and kcat values of PpPel10a with PGA as substrate were 0.12 g/L, 289 μmol/min/mg, and 202.3 s−1, respectively. Recombinant PpPel10a degraded citrus pectin, producing unsaturated mono- and oligogalacturonic acids. PpPel10a reduced the viscosity of PGA, and weight loss of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) fibers was observed after treatment with the enzyme alone (22.5%) or the enzyme in combination with alkali (26.3%). This enzyme has potential for use in plant fiber processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid H. Shalla
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
| | - Mushtaq A. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
| | - Tauseef A. Rangreez
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
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23
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Dochia M, Pustianu M, Moisă C, Chambre D, Gavrilaş S. Sodium citrate as an eco-friendly complexing agent for the bioscouring treatment of the cellulosic/lignocellulosic fabrics. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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A sustainable and green process for scouring of cotton fabrics using xylano-pectinolytic synergism: switching from noxious chemicals to eco-friendly catalysts. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:184. [PMID: 29556438 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop an appropriate, eco-friendly, cost-effective bioscouring methodology for removing natural impurities from cotton fabric. Maximum bioscouring was achieved using 5.0 IU xylanase and 4.0 IU pectinase with material to liquid ratio of 1:15 in a 50 mM buffer (glycine-NaOH buffer, 1.0 mM EDTA and 1% Tween-80, pH 8.5) with a treatment time of 60 min at 50 °C and an agitation speed of 60 rpm. The bioscoured cotton fabrics showed a gain of 1.17% in whiteness, 3.23% in brightness and a reduction of 4.18% in yellowness in comparison to fabric scoured with an alkaline scouring method. Further, after bleaching, the whiteness, brightness and tensile strength of the bioscoured fabrics were increased by 2.18, 2.33 and 11.74% along with a decrease of 4.61% in yellowness of bioscoured plus bleached fabrics in comparison to chemically scoured plus bleached fabrics. From the results, it is clear that bioscouring is more efficient, energy saving and an eco-friendly process and has the potential to replace the environment-damaging scouring process with the xylano-pectinolytic bioscouring process.
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25
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Improving the specific activity and thermo-stability of alkaline pectate lyase from Bacillus subtilis 168 for bioscouring. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Zhou M, Wu J, Wang T, Gao L, Yin H, Lü X. The purification and characterization of a novel alkali-stable pectate lyase produced by Bacillus subtilis PB1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:190. [PMID: 28975516 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pectinase is an important kind of enzyme with many industrial applications, among which pectinases produced by bacteria were scarce compared with fungal sources. In this study, a novel bacterium which produced extracellular pectinase was firstly isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaves and identified as Bacillus subtilis PB1 according to its 16S rRNA gene. The pectinolytic enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography, after which molecular weight was determined as 43.1 ± 0.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Peptide mass fingerprinting of the pectinase by MALDI-TOF MS showed that the purified enzyme shared homology with pectate lyase and was designated as BsPel-PB1. The optimal temperature for BsPel-PB1 was 50 °C. The optimal pH was pH 9.5 for BsPel-PB1 while it had a broad pH stability from 5 to 11. The values of K m and V max were 0.312 mg/mL and 1248 U/mL, respectively. Accordingly, the BsPel-PB1 was a novel alkaline pectate lyase which could find potential application as a commercial candidate in the pectinolytic related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingli Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lina Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huijun Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
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28
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Zhou C, Xue Y, Ma Y. Characterization and overproduction of a thermo-alkaline pectate lyase from alkaliphilic Bacillus licheniformis with potential in ramie degumming. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Immobilization of alkaline polygalacturonate lyase from Bacillus subtilis on the surface of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate nano-granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3247-3258. [PMID: 28105486 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline polygalacturonate lyase (PGL), one of the pectinolytic enzymes, has been widely used for the bioscouring of cotton fibers, biodegumming, and biopulp production. In our study, PGL from Bacillus subtilis was successfully immobilized on the surface of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanogranules by fusing PGL to the N-terminal of PHA synthase from Ralstonia eutropha via a designed linker. The PGL-decorated PHA beads could be simply achieved by recombinant fermentation and consequent centrifugation. The fused PGL occupied 0.985% of the total weight of purified PHA granules, which was identified by mass spectrometer-based quantitative proteomics. The activity of immobilized PGL (184.67 U/mg PGL protein) was a little lower than that of the free PGL (215.93 U/mg PGL protein). The immobilization process did not affect the optimal pH and the optimal temperature of the PGL, but it did enhance the thermostability as well as the pH stability at certain conditions, which will extend the practicability of the immobilized PGL-PHA beads in the alkaline and generally harsh bioscouring process. Furthermore, the immobilized PGL still retained more than 60% of its initial activity after 8 cycles of reuse. Our study provided a novel and promising approach for cost-efficient in vivo PGL immobilization, contributing to wider commercialization of this environmental-friendly biocatalyst.
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30
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Su H, Qiu W, Kong Q, Mi S, Han Y. Thermostable pectate lyase from Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis provides an efficient addition for plant biomass deconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Assessment of pectinase production by Bacillus mojavensis I4 using an economical substrate and its potential application in oil sesame extraction. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:7710-22. [PMID: 26604345 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Carrot (Daucus carota) peels, local agricultural waste product, is rich in lignocellulolytic material, including pectin which can act as an inducer of pectinase production. Pectinolytic enzymes production by Bacillus mojavensis I4 was studied in liquid state fermentation using carrot peel as a substrate. Medium composition and culture conditions for the pectinase production by I4 were optimized using two statistical methods: Taguchi design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield of enzyme production and The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the value of the four significant variables: carrot peels powder, NH4Cl, inoculum size and incubation time. The optimal conditions for higher production of pectinase were carrot peels powder 6.5 %, NH4Cl 0.3 %, inoculum level 3 % and cultivation time 32 h. Under these conditions, the pectinase experimental yield (64.8 U/ml) closely matched the yield predicted by the statistical model (63.55 U/ml) with R (2) = 0.963. The best pectinase activity was observed at the temperature of 60 °C and at pH 8.0. The enzyme retained more than 90 % of its activity after 24 h at pH ranging from 6.0 to 10.0. The enzyme preserved more than 85 % of its initial activity after 60 min of pre-incubation at 30-40 °C and more than 67 % at 50 °C. The extracellular juice of I4 was applied in the process of sesame seeds oil extraction. An improvement of 3 % on the oil yield was obtained. The findings demonstrated that the B. mojavensis I4 has a promising potential for future use in a wide range of industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Directed Evolution and Structural Analysis of Alkaline Pectate Lyase from the Alkaliphilic Bacterium Bacillus sp. Strain N16-5 To Improve Its Thermostability for Efficient Ramie Degumming. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5714-23. [PMID: 26070675 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01017-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable alkaline pectate lyases have potential applications in the textile industry as an alternative to chemical-based ramie degumming processes. In particular, the alkaline pectate lyase from Bacillus sp. strain N16-5 (BspPelA) has potential for enzymatic ramie degumming because of its high specific activity under extremely alkaline conditions without the requirement for additional Ca(2+). However, BspPelA displays poor thermostability and is inactive after incubation at 50°C for only 30 min. Here, directed evolution was used to improve the thermostability of BspPelA for efficient and stable degumming. After two rounds of error-prone PCR and screening of >12,000 mutants, 10 mutants with improved thermostability were obtained. Sequence analysis and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that single E124I, T178A, and S271G substitutions were responsible for improving thermostability. Structural and molecular dynamic simulation analysis indicated that the formation of a hydrophobic cluster and new H-bond networks was the key factor contributing to the improvement in thermostability with these three substitutions. The most thermostable combined mutant, EAET, exhibited a 140-fold increase in the t50 (time at which the enzyme loses 50% of its initial activity) value at 50°C, accompanied by an 84.3% decrease in activity compared with that of wild-type BspPelA, while the most advantageous combined mutant, EA, exhibited a 24-fold increase in the t50 value at 50°C, with a 23.3% increase in activity. Ramie degumming with the EA mutant was more efficient than that with wild-type BspPelA. Collectively, our results suggest that the EA mutant, exhibiting remarkable improvements in thermostability and activity, has the potential for applications in ramie degumming in the textile industry.
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Irshad M, Asgher M, Anwar Z, Ahmad A. Biotechnological Valorization of Pectinolytics and Their Industrial Applications: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last several years, in serious consideration of the worldwide economic and environmental issues there has been an increasing research interest in the value of naturally occurring bio-sourced materials. Agro-industrial based biomass comprised of pectin is an inexpensive, renewable, abundant natural resource that could be utilized for large-scale and cost-effective production of natural products i.e., pectinolytics. Pectinolytics are one of the most widely distributed enzymes in bacteria, fungi and plants. From ancient times to date, many methods have been introduced to improve the optimization of pectinolytics to obtain high yields of maximal purity. To expand the range of natural bio-resources the rapidly evolving tools of biotechnology can lower the conversion costs and also enhance target yield of the product of interest. This green biotechnology presents a promising approach to convert most of the agricultural materials into a value-added product with multiple applications. Major advances have already been achieved in recent years in order to obtain high levels of purity with optimal yields. The present review begins with an overview of pectinolytics and their physico-chemical features, and their specific role with classification based on pectic materials. Information is also given on the culture influences and potential sources of pectinolytics, followed by a brief summary of various industrial and biotechnological applications and future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, NSMC, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asgher
- Industrial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, NSMC, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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