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Samyn P, Cosemans P. Nanocellulose Grades with Different Morphologies and Surface Modification as Additives for Waterborne Epoxy Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1095. [PMID: 38675014 PMCID: PMC11054773 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While adding different micro- and nanocellulose types into epoxy coating formulations with waterborne phenalkamine crosslinker, effects on processing conditions and coating performance were systematically investigated. The variations in viscosity, thermal and thermomechanical properties, mechanical behavior, abrasive wear, water contact angles, and coating morphologies were evaluated. The selected additives include microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at 1 to 10 wt.% and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose microfibers (CMF), and hydrophobically modified cellulose microfibers (mCMF) at 0.1 to 1.5 wt.%. The viscosity profiles are determined by the inherent additive characteristics with strong shear thinning effects for epoxy/CNF, while the epoxy/mCMF provides lower viscosity and better matrix compatibility owing to the lubrication of encapsulated wax. The crosslinking of epoxy/CNF is favored and postponed for epoxy/(CNC, CMF, mCMF), as the stronger interactions between epoxy and CNF are confirmed by an increase in the glass transition temperature and reduction in the dampening factor. The mechanical properties indicate the highest hardness and impact strength for epoxy/CNF resulting in the lowest abrasion wear rates, but ductility enhances and wear rates mostly reduce for epoxy/mCMF together with hydrophobic protection. In addition, the mechanical reinforcement owing to the specific organization of a nanocellulose network at percolation threshold concentrations of 0.75 wt.% is confirmed by microscopic analysis: the latter results in a 2.6 °C (CNF) or 1.6 °C (CNC) increase in the glass transition temperature, 50% (CNF) or 20% (CNC) increase in the E modulus, 37% (CNF) or 32% (CNC) increase in hardness, and 58% (CNF) or 33% (CNC) lower abrasive wear compared to neat epoxy, while higher concentrations up to 1.5 wt.% mCMF can be added. This research significantly demonstrates that nanocellulose is directly compatible with a waterborne phenalkamine crosslinker and actively contributes to the crosslinking of waterborne epoxy coatings, changing the intrinsic glass transition temperatures and hardness properties, to which mechanical coating performance directly relates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- Department of Innovations in Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, SIRRIS, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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Li Y, Zhang F, Liu Y, Leng J. A Tailorable Series of Elastomeric-To-Rigid, Selfhealable, Shape Memory Bismaleimide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307244. [PMID: 37997160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been rapid development in the field of shape memory materials with active deformation performance. However, bismaleimide, a widely used thermosetting material in aerospace, has been largely overlooked in shape memory applications. This work presents the synthesis of a molecule containing an alkene bond adjacent to an oxygen atom. Through molecular design, a one-time reaction between this specialized molecule and the bismaleimide molecule is successfully achieved, facilitated by the steric hindrance effect. Therefore, a new series of shape memory bismaleimide materials are obtained. By introducing a diamine to adjust the chain length, the properties of material are further improved, resulting in increasing static modulus by 506 times. The synthesized materials exhibit a broad glass transition temperature (Tg) range exceeding 153 °C, remarkable stiffness tunability. Notably, in the synthesis process of this materials series, the disulfide bonds are introduced, which facilitates the realization of self-healing and reprocessable functionalities in the resulting thermosetting materials. This significant advancement lays a solid foundation for the future recycling and reuse of aircraft, satellites, and other equipment, offering promising prospects for enhancing sustainability and efficiency within the aerospace industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Li
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, P.O. Box 3011, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, P.O. Box 3011, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 92 West Dazhi Street, P.O. Box 301, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No.2 Yikuang Street, P.O. Box 3011, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri H, Ghadi A. Recent advancement in synthesizing bio-epoxy nanocomposites using lignin, plant oils, saccharides, polyphenols, and natural rubbers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128041. [PMID: 37979768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to environmental issues, production costs, and the low recycling capability of conventional epoxy polymers and their composites, many science groups have tried to develop a new type of epoxy polymers, which are compatible with the environment. Considering the precursors, these polymers can be produced from plant oils, saccharides, lignin, polyphenol, and natural resins. The appearance of these bio-polymers caused to introduce a new type of composites, namely bio-epoxy nanocomposites, which can be classified according to the synthesized bio-epoxy, the used nanomaterials, or both. Hence, in this work, various bio-epoxy resins, which have the proper potential for application as a matrix, are completely introduced with the synthesis viewpoint, and their characterized chemical structures are drawn. In the next steps, the bio-epoxy nanocomposites are classified based on the used nanomaterials, which are carbon nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, etc.), nano-silica (mesoporous and spherical), cellulose (nanofibers and whiskers), nanoclay and so on. Also, the features of these bio-nanocomposites and their applications are introduced. This review study can be a proper guide for developing a new type of green nanocomposites in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Ghadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
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Wang Q, Yang Z, Feng X, Liu X. Modification of nanocellulose via atom transfer radical polymerization and its reinforcing effect in waterborne UV-curable resin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126743. [PMID: 37689290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are green reinforcing materials, and their potential has been evaluated in the preparation of waterborne UV-curable resin composites with high-performance. Herein, we present a novel and scalable approach for preparing surface-modified CNCs with acrylic-based polymers to strengthen the compatibility and interaction between CNCs and UV-curable resins. Using tert-butyl acrylate as the monomer, the nanocellulose grafted copolymer CNC-g-PtBA was successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in the presence of a macromolecular initiator. Then, the CNC-g-PtBA is blended into the acrylic resin as a nanofiller to prepare the UV-curable nanocomposite. The results indicated that the contact angle of the CNCs increased from 38.7° to approximately 74.8°, and their thermal stability was significantly improved after graft modification. This contributed to the effective alleviation of the agglomeration phenomenon of nanocomposites due to the high hydrophilicity of pure CNCs. Notably, not only was the UV curing efficiency of the nanocomposites greatly increased but the mechanical properties were also further enhanced. Specifically, with the addition of 0.5 wt% CNC-g-PtBA, the curing time of the nanocomposite was shortened from >30 mins down to approximately 6 mins, and the bending strength was increased from 10 MPa for the original resin and 5 MPa for the addition of pure CNCs to 14.3 MPa, and the bending modulus was also greatly increased (up to approximately 730 MPa). Compared to pure CNCs, they are compatible with the resin, exhibiting high mechanical strength and flexibility, and have virtually no effect on the light transmission of the nanocomposites. Additionally, dielectric analysis (DEA) was used to monitor the dielectric constant and conductivity of the UV-curable nanocomposites in real time to further characterize their curing kinetics. The permittivity of these nanocomposites increased by 125 % compared to pristine resin, which shows potential for applications in high dielectric composites or for improving electrical conductivity. This work provides a feasible method for preparing UV-curable nanocomposites with high curing efficiency and permittivity, realizing a wider application of this high-performance nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaozhe Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xinhao Feng
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xinyou Liu
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Superhydrophobic film from silicone-modified nanocellulose and waterborne polyurethane through simple sanding process. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123431. [PMID: 36702039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
How to improve the water and pollution resistance of films has been a major stumbling block in applications of waterborne coatings. To solve this problem, a new strategy was developed to construct waterborne superhydrophobic polyurethane composite films by modifying cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with polysiloxane and doping the modified CNC into waterborne polyurethane (WPU). The super-hydrophobic functionalization with a water contact angle >150° was achieved by simple sanding. The effects of CNC on the morphology, thermal, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties of the obtained superhydrophobic composite films were investigated. The simple sanding process formed a large number of rough porous structures on the surface of the film, which improved the superhydrophobic properties of the film. And after 30 sanding cycles, the film still had excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle >150°). This easy and effective method for the preparation of superhydrophobic films has great practical application value in the area of waterborne coatings.
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Frone AN, Uşurelu CD, Oprică GM, Panaitescu DM, Gabor AR, Nicolae CA, Ciuprina F, Damian CM, Raduly FM. Contribution of the Surface Treatment of Nanofibrillated Cellulose on the Properties of Bio-Based Epoxy Nanocomposites Intended for Flexible Electronics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076544. [PMID: 37047517 PMCID: PMC10095063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in materials derived from biomass has generated a multitude of solutions for the development of new sustainable materials with low environmental impact. We report here, for the first time, a strategy to obtain bio-based nanocomposites from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), itaconic acid (IA), and surface-treated nanofibrillated cellulose (NC). The effect of nanofibrillated cellulose functionalized with silane (NC/S) and then grafted with methacrylic acid (NC/SM) on the properties of the resulted bio-based epoxy systems was thoroughly investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the addition of NCs did not influence the curing process and had a slight impact on the maximum peak temperature. Moreover, the NCs improved the onset degradation temperature of the epoxy-based nanocomposites by more than 30 °C, regardless of their treatment. The most important effect on the mechanical properties of bio-based epoxy nanocomposites, i.e., an increase in the storage modulus by more than 60% at room temperature was observed in the case of NC/SM addition. Therefore, NC’s treatment with silane and methacrylic acid improved the epoxy–nanofiber interface and led to a very good dispersion of the NC/SM in the epoxy network, as observed by the SEM investigation. The dielectric results proved the suitability of the obtained bio-based epoxy/NCs materials as substitutes for petroleum-based thermosets in the fabrication of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.U.); (G.M.O.); (D.M.P.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cătălina Diana Uşurelu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.U.); (G.M.O.); (D.M.P.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.)
| | - Gabriela Mădălina Oprică
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.U.); (G.M.O.); (D.M.P.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.)
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.U.); (G.M.O.); (D.M.P.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.U.); (G.M.O.); (D.M.P.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.)
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.U.); (G.M.O.); (D.M.P.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.)
| | - Florin Ciuprina
- ELMAT Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Celina Maria Damian
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentina Monica Raduly
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.U.); (G.M.O.); (D.M.P.); (A.R.G.); (C.-A.N.)
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Ramesh M, Rajeshkumar LN, Srinivasan N, Kumar DV, Balaji D. Influence of filler material on properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The current day target for material scientists and researchers is developing a wholesome material to satisfy the parameters such as durability, manufacturability, low cost, and lightweight. Extensive research studies are ongoing on the possible application of polymer matrix composites in engineering and technology, since these materials have an edge over conventional materials in terms of performance. Hybridization of reinforcements is considered to be a better option to enhance the efficiency and performance of composite materials. Accordingly, research studies focus on the surface treatment of natural fibers and the addition of nanofillers (natural or synthetic) by industry and academia to take the properties and application of composites to the next level. This review purely focuses on the influence of fillers on the properties of composites along with the probable application of filler-based polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology , Coimbatore 641402 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Lakshmi Narasimhan Rajeshkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology , Coimbatore 641407 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Nagarajan Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jansons Institute of Technology , Coimbatore 641659 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Damodaran Vasanth Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. NGP Institute of Technology , Coimbatore 641048 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Devarajan Balaji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology , Coimbatore 641407 , Tamil Nadu , India
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8
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Thermally remendable bismalemide-MWCNT/DA-epoxy nanocomposite via Diels-Alder bonding. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Cellulose bionanocomposites for sustainable planet and people: A global snapshot of preparation, properties, and applications. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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10
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Pavalaydon K, Ramasawmy H, Surroop D. Comparative evaluation of cellulose nanocrystals from bagasse and coir agro-wastes for reinforcing PVA-based composites. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2021; 24:9963-9984. [PMID: 34629941 PMCID: PMC8490967 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase resilience of planters against climate change and bring additional economic benefits, agro-wastes can be exploited for extracting nanocellulose to produce eco-friendly composites. This paper focused on extracting nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse and coir (cocos nucifera) using chemical methods including mercerisation, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. Taguchi Design of Experiment showed that the optimum alkaline treatment conditions of bagasse were at 2 wt% NaOH at 90 °C for 16 h. The morphological changes occurring along each treatment stage were observed using Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The differences in the nanoparticles extracted from the two biomass were studied through the determination of crystallinity indexes and particle size. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from coir exhibited a total crystallinity index (TCI) of 1.03 and an average particle size of 137.3 nm while CNCs extracted from sugarcane bagasse under similar treatment conditions had a TCI of 0.85 and an average particle size of around 48 µm. Dynamic Light Scattering findings showed risks of agglomeration after freeze drying. Bio-nanocomposite films with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as matrix were manufactured by the solvent casting process. The highest tensile strength (38.2 MPa) was obtained for CNCs extracted from coir at a CNC/PVA loading of 0.5 wt%, representing a 96.9% increase in the tensile strength as compared to the unreinforced PVA matrix. This study showed that sugarcane bagasse and coir are suitable sources of nanocellulose and can be used to prepare bio-composites with considerably high tensile strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnavani Pavalaydon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
| | - Hareenanden Ramasawmy
- Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
| | - Dinesh Surroop
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
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Curing Behavior and Thermomechanical Performance of Bioepoxy Resin Synthesized from Vanillyl Alcohol: Effects of the Curing Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172891. [PMID: 34502931 PMCID: PMC8434262 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the dependency of resin synthesis on petroleum resources, vanillyl alcohol which is a renewable material that can be produced from lignin has been used to synthesize bioepoxy resin. Although it has been widely reported that the curing reaction and properties of the cured epoxies can be greatly affected by the molecular structure of the curing agents, the exact influence remains unknown for bioepoxies. In this study, four aliphatic amines with different molecular structures and amine functionalities, namely triethylenetetramine (TETA), Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and ethylenediamine (EDA), were used to cure the synthesized vanillyl alcohol-based bioepoxy resin (VE). The curing reaction of VE and the physicochemical properties, especially the thermomechanical performance of the cured bioepoxies with different amine functionalities, were systematically investigated and compared using different characterization methods, such as DSC, ATR-FTIR, TGA, DMA, and tensile testing, etc. Despite a higher curing temperature needed in the VE-TETA resin system, the cured VE-TETA epoxy showed a better chemical resistance, particularly acidic resistance, as well as a lower swelling ratio than the others. The higher thermal decomposition temperature, storage modulus, and relaxation temperature of VE-TETA epoxy indicated its superior thermal stability and thermomechanical properties. Moreover, the tensile strength of VE cured by TETA was 1.4~2.6 times higher than those of other curing systems. In conclusion, TETA was shown to be the optimum epoxy curing agent for vanillyl alcohol-based bioepoxy resin.
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12
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Nascimento NRD, Pinheiro IF, Alves GF, Mei LHI, Macedo Neto JCD, Morales AR. Role of cellulose nanocrystals in epoxy-based nanocomposites: mechanical properties, morphology and thermal behavior. POLIMEROS 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.20210057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nagarajan K, Balaji A, Basha KS, Ramanujam N, Kumar RA. Effect of agro waste α-cellulosic micro filler on mechanical and thermal behavior of epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:327-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Aziz T, Fan H, Zhang X, Khan FU, Fahad S, Ullah A. Adhesive properties of bio-based epoxy resin reinforced by cellulose nanocrystal additives. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020; 40:314-320. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
The adhesive properties of a self-prepared bio-based epoxy resin with native cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are evaluated in this article. The porosity of actual CNCs is high. The most promising finding is the acquisition of high tensile modulus. The addition of CNC composites significantly increased the tensile modulus at lower wt.%, and the maximum crystallinity of CNCs was obtained. Bearing in mind the advantages of CNCs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a uniform distribution of concentrated CNCs. Clusters were formed at higher CNCs ratios, and the composite matrix content with high CNCs produced good expansion, low crystallinity, and increased elongation. Our analysis showed that the original CNCs were more evenly distributed in the self-prepared bio-based epoxy resin, which enhanced transformation, supported by improved dispersion of native CNCs. The presence of native CNCs greatly improved and enhanced the bonding performance of the bio-based epoxy resin in the interface area. Enhancing the mechanical properties of native CNCs has broad application prospects in environmental areas. This suggests that the widespread use of native CNCs in environmental engineering applications is feasible, especially in terms of adhesives properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xiangwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Farman Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology , Bannu 28000 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Lakki Marwat , Lakki Marwat 28420 , KPK , Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Asmat Ullah
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University Shannxi , Shannxi , China
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15
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Mohit H, Selvan VAM. Effect of a Novel Chemical Treatment on the Physico-Thermal Properties of Sugarcane Nanocellulose Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present investigation, a novel chemical treatment was introduced for the extraction of nanocellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse and applied as reinforcement material to enhance the physical properties and thermal stability of epoxy nanocomposites. Epoxy nanocomposites with different weight fractions were fabricated using a wet layup process followed by furnace heating to remove the residual moisture content. The influence of surface modified sugarcane nanocellulose fiber loading on morphological (transmission electron microscope) properties of epoxy nanocomposites was investigated. The porosity and water absorption increase with the increment in fiber weight fraction for both treated and untreated nanocellulose fiber-epoxy composites. Among the various treatment processes, the alkali-treated fibers reinforced epoxy composites showed better thermal stability and water absorption resistance under 10 wt.% of nanocellulose fiber reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mohit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu , India
| | - V. Arul Mozhi Selvan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu , India
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16
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Thermal and mechanical properties study of boron nitride nanosheets decorated by silver/epoxy nanocomposites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Tikhani F, Moghari S, Jouyandeh M, Laoutid F, Vahabi H, Saeb MR, Dubois P. Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO 2). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030644. [PMID: 32178292 PMCID: PMC7183063 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, nano-scale aluminum hypophosphite (AlPO2) was simply obtained in a two-step milling process and applied in preparation of epoxy nanocomposites varying concentration (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% based on resin weight). Studying the cure kinetics and thermal stability of these nanocomposites would pave the way toward the design of high-performance nanocomposites for special applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) revealed AlPO2 particles having domains less than 60 nm with high potential for agglomeration. Excellent (at heating rate of 5 °C/min) and Good (at heating rates of 10, 15 and 20 °C/min) cure states were detected for nanocomposites under nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While the dimensionless curing temperature interval (ΔT*) was almost equal for epoxy/AlPO2 nanocomposites, dimensionless heat release (ΔH*) changed by densification of polymeric network. Quantitative cure analysis based on isoconversional Friedman and Kissinger methods gave rise to the kinetic parameters such as activation energy and the order of reaction as well as frequency factor. Variation of glass transition temperature (Tg) was monitored to explain the molecular interaction in the system, where Tg increased from 73.2 °C for neat epoxy to just 79.5 °C for the system containing 0.1 wt.% AlPO2. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that nanocomposites were thermally stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Tikhani
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; (F.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Shahab Moghari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; (F.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova Research Center, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); (M.R.S.); (P.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-8793-9186 (H.V.); +98-(0)-21-2295-6209 (M.R.S.); +32-(0)-6537-3000 (P.D.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran 16765-654, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.V.); (M.R.S.); (P.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-8793-9186 (H.V.); +98-(0)-21-2295-6209 (M.R.S.); +32-(0)-6537-3000 (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), Health and Materials Research Institutes, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Correspondence: (H.V.); (M.R.S.); (P.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-8793-9186 (H.V.); +98-(0)-21-2295-6209 (M.R.S.); +32-(0)-6537-3000 (P.D.)
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Macedo R. Lima G, Orozco F, Picchioni F, Moreno-Villoslada I, Pucci A, Bose RK, Araya-Hermosilla R. Electrically Self-Healing Thermoset MWCNTs Composites Based on Diels-Alder and Hydrogen Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1885. [PMID: 31739616 PMCID: PMC6918341 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we prepared electrically conductive self-healing nanocomposites. The material consists of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) that are dispersed into thermally reversible crosslinked polyketones. The reversible nature is based on both covalent (Diels-Alder) and non-covalent (hydrogen bonding) interactions. The design allowed for us to tune the thermomechanical properties of the system by changing the fractions of filler, and diene-dienophile and hydroxyl groups. The nanocomposites show up to 1 × 104 S/m electrical conductivity, reaching temperatures between 120 and 150 °C under 20-50 V. The self-healing effect, induced by electricity was qualitatively demonstrated as microcracks were repaired. As pointed out by electron microscopy, samples that were already healed by electricity showed a better dispersion of MWCNT within the polymer. These features point toward prolonging the service life of polymer nanocomposites, improving the product performance, making it effectively stronger and more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Macedo R. Lima
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Felipe Orozco
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Araya-Hermosilla
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940000, Chile
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19
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Zuo M, Jiang Z, Guo L, Dong F, Guo J, Xu X. Using α-Pinene-Modified Triethoxysilane as the New Cross-Linking Agent To Improve the Silicone Rubber Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11921-11927. [PMID: 31460303 PMCID: PMC6681997 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
α-Pinene-modified triethoxysilane (α-PTES) was synthesized by hydrosilylation in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst. The structure of α-PTES was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Under the catalysis of an organotin catalyst, α-PTES, which was the cross-linking agent, and the hydroxy-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix were utilized to prepare the room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber. Morphology, thermal performance, and mechanical properties of the modified silicone rubber were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and a universal testing machine. Because of the strong rigidity of the ring structure of α-pinene, the thermal and mechanical properties of modified silicone rubber were improved greatly than those of the silicone rubber, and the cross-linking agent of which was methyltriethoxysilane. Results showed that the tensile strength and the break at elongation increased by 69.2 and 125%, respectively, and they are nearly doubled compared to the unmodified silicone rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zuo
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang
Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157012, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Jiang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang
Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157012, PR China
| | - Lizhen Guo
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry
and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based
Green Fuels and Chemicals, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing
and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Fuhao Dong
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry
and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based
Green Fuels and Chemicals, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing
and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry
and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based
Green Fuels and Chemicals, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing
and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xu Xu
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry
and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based
Green Fuels and Chemicals, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing
and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing
Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
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Silva MJ, Cena CR, Sanches AO, Mattoso LHC, Malmonge JA. DBSA to improve the compatibility, solubility, and infusibility of cellulose nanowhiskers modified by polyaniline in reinforcing a natural rubber-based nanocomposite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Nagarajan K, Balaji A, Ramanujam N. Extraction of cellulose nanofibers from cocos nucifera var aurantiaca peduncle by ball milling combined with chemical treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:312-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Application of surface chemical functionalized cellulose nanocrystals to improve the performance of UF adhesives used in wood based composites - MDF type. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Li R, Li W, Zheng F, Zhang Y, Hu J. Versatile bio-based epoxy resin: From banana waste to applied materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Fengyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Yucang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Jiadan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
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24
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A review on processing techniques of bast fibers nanocellulose and its polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:1314-1328. [PMID: 30208300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of nanocellulose has increasingly gained attentions from various research fields, especially the field of polymer nanocomposites owing to the growing environmental hazardous of petroleum based fiber products. Meanwhile, the searching of alternative cellulose sources from different plants has become the interests for producing nanocellulose with varying characterizations that expectedly suit in specific field of applications. In this content the long and strong bast fibers from plant species was gradually getting its remarkable position in the field of nanocellulose extraction and nanocomposites fabrications. This review article intended to present an overview of the chemical structure of cellulose, different types of nanocellulose, bast fibers compositions, structure, polylactic acid (PLA) and the most probable processing techniques on the developments of nanocellulose from different bast fibers especially jute, kenaf, hemp, flax, ramie and roselle and its nanocomposites. This article however more focused on the fabrication of PLA based nanocomposites due to its high firmness, biodegradability and sustainability properties in developed products towards the environment. Along with this it also explored a couple of issues to improve the processing techniques of bast fibers nanocellulose and its reinforcement in the PLA biopolymer as final products.
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25
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Kargarzadeh H, Mariano M, Huang J, Lin N, Ahmad I, Dufresne A, Thomas S. Recent developments on nanocellulose reinforced polymer nanocomposites: A review. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Saba N, Safwan A, Sanyang M, Mohammad F, Pervaiz M, Jawaid M, Alothman O, Sain M. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:822-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Dang X, Cao X, Ke L, Ma Y, An J, Wang F. Combination of cellulose nanofibers and chain-end-functionalized polyethylene and their applications in nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Dang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Linnan Ke
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Beijing 10050 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing An
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
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28
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29
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Lizundia E, Serna I, Axpe E, Vilas JL. Free-volume effects on the thermomechanical performance of epoxy-SiO2
nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Bilbao Faculty of Engineering; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Bilbao 48013 Spain
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country; Leioa 48940 Spain
| | - Iñaki Serna
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country; Leioa 48940 Spain
| | - Eneko Axpe
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country; Leioa 48940 Spain
- Department of Engineering, Nanoscience Centre; University of Cambridge; 11 JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0FF Cambridge CB3 0FF United Kingdom
| | - José Luis Vilas
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country; Leioa 48940 Spain
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia; Edificio 500 48160 Derio Spain
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30
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Janvier M, Hollande L, Jaufurally AS, Pernes M, Ménard R, Grimaldi M, Beaugrand J, Balaguer P, Ducrot PH, Allais F. Syringaresinol: A Renewable and Safer Alternative to Bisphenol A for Epoxy-Amine Resins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:738-746. [PMID: 28045228 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A renewable bisepoxide, SYR-EPO, was prepared from syringaresinol, a naturally occurring bisphenol deriving from sinapic acid, by using a chemo-enzymatic synthetic pathway. Estrogenic activity tests revealed no endocrine disruption for syringaresinol. Its glycidylation afforded SYR-EPO with excellent yield and purity. This biobased, safe epoxy precursor was then cured with conventional and renewable diamines for the preparation of epoxy-amine resins. The resulting thermosets were thermally and mechanically characterized. Thermal analyses of these new resins showed excellent thermal stabilities (Td5 % =279-309 °C) and Tg ranging from 73 to 126 °C, almost reaching the properties of those obtained with the diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), extensively used in the polymer industry (Td5 % =319 °C and Tg =150 °C for DGEBA/isophorone diamine resins). Degradation studies in NaOH and HCl aqueous solutions also highlighted the robustness of the syringaresinol-based resins, similar to bisphenol A (BPA). All these results undoubtedly confirmed the potential of syringaresinol as a greener and safer substitute for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Janvier
- Chaire ABI, AgroParisTech, CEBB 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA/AgroParisTech/CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Louis Hollande
- Chaire ABI, AgroParisTech, CEBB 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
- UMR1145 GENIAL, INRA/AgroParisTech, 1 avenue des Olympiades, 91744, Massy, France
| | - Abdus Samad Jaufurally
- Chaire ABI, AgroParisTech, CEBB 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA/AgroParisTech/CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Miguel Pernes
- UMR614 FARE, URCA/INRA, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51686, Reims, France
| | - Raphaël Ménard
- Chaire ABI, AgroParisTech, CEBB 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM/Université de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Johnny Beaugrand
- UMR614 FARE, URCA/INRA, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, 51686, Reims, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM/Université de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul-Henri Ducrot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA/AgroParisTech/CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Florent Allais
- Chaire ABI, AgroParisTech, CEBB 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
- UMR 782 GMPA, INRA/AgroParisTech/CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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31
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Baroncini EA, Kumar Yadav S, Palmese GR, Stanzione JF. Recent advances in bio-based epoxy resins and bio-based epoxy curing agents. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A Baroncini
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Rowan University; New Jersey 08028
| | - Santosh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Drexel University; Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Giuseppe R Palmese
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Drexel University; Pennsylvania 19104
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32
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Khelifa F, Habibi Y, Bonnaud L, Dubois P. Epoxy Monomers Cured by High Cellulosic Nanocrystal Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10535-10544. [PMID: 27046649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as the main constituent of a nanocomposite material and takes advantage of hydroxyl groups, characteristic of the CNC chemical structure, to thermally cross-link an epoxy resin. An original and simple approach is proposed, based on the collective sticking of CNC building blocks with the help of a DGEBA/TGPAP-based epoxy resin. Scientific findings suggest that hydroxyl groups act as a toxic-free cross-linking agent of the resin. The enhanced protection against water degradation as compared to neat CNC film and the improvement of mechanical properties of the synthesized films are attributed to a good compatibility between the CNC and the resin. Moreover, the preservation of CNC optical properties at high concentrations opens the way to applying these materials in photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Khelifa
- University of Mons-UMONS and Materia Nova Research Center , Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Place du Parc, 23-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Youssef Habibi
- Materials Research and Technology Department (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Leila Bonnaud
- University of Mons-UMONS and Materia Nova Research Center , Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Place du Parc, 23-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- University of Mons-UMONS and Materia Nova Research Center , Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Place du Parc, 23-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Materials Research and Technology Department (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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33
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Celebi H, Kurt A. Effects of processing on the properties of chitosan/cellulose nanocrystal films. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:284-93. [PMID: 26344283 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biocomposites of chitosan (CS)/cellulose nanocrystals (CN) were prepared by using solution casting method. Influences of solution preparation method and CN content on the properties of composites were investigated. Mechanical stirring/ultrasonication or microfluidization were used to disperse nanocrystals in the chitosan matrix. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC, TGA, TMA and contact angle measurements. SEM analysis revealed that microfluidization decreased CN aggregates in matrix. Formation of hydrogen bonds between CS and CN in nanocomposites prepared by using microfluidization was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. This high interaction led to an increment of the crystallinity of chitosan films. Tg values within a range of 53-58°C were obtained in DSC and TMA measurements. The thermal stability of CS film showed no significant effect of CN addition, whereas contact angle measurements revealed that CN addition resulted in an increment of hydrophilicity of chitosan films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Celebi
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Kurt
- Graduate School of Sciences, Department of Advanced Technologies, Nanotechnology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey.
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34
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Ménard R, Negrell C, Fache M, Ferry L, Sonnier R, David G. From a bio-based phosphorus-containing epoxy monomer to fully bio-based flame-retardant thermosets. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, phloroglucinol was used as a renewable resource to prepare an epoxy monomer and phosphorus containing reactive flame retardant (FR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Ménard
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Montpellier
- UMR CNRS 5253
- Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Claire Negrell
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Montpellier
- UMR CNRS 5253
- Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Maxence Fache
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Montpellier
- UMR CNRS 5253
- Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Laurent Ferry
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès – Pôle Matériaux Polymères Avancés
- 30319 Alès Cedex
- France
| | - Rodolphe Sonnier
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès – Pôle Matériaux Polymères Avancés
- 30319 Alès Cedex
- France
| | - Ghislain David
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Montpellier
- UMR CNRS 5253
- Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5
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