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Oates WA, Anastasiou AD. A novel microfluidic tool for the evaluation of local drug delivery systems in simulated in vivo conditions. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3840-3849. [PMID: 39045628 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A 3D-printed microfluidic tool for assessing local drug delivery systems (LDD) in simulated in vivo conditions was developed and evaluated. The device was designed considering the oral environment and dental applications, and it was fabricated with a high-precision resin 3D printer. Chitosan scaffolds loaded with different concentrations of doxycycline were used for evaluating our device. The concentration of the released drug was measured through in-line UV-VIS spectroscopy, and to verify the repeatability and accuracy of our measurements, comparisons with standard HPLC results were made (5% deviation). Cumulative drug release profiles in steady-state conditions were obtained and compared to the Weibull model. The behaviour of the LDD system in a dynamic environment was also evaluated during experiments where step changes in pH were introduced. It was demonstrated that under infection-like conditions, there is an immediate response from the polymer and a clear increase in the concentration of the released drug. Continuous flow and recirculation experiments were also conducted, revealing significant differences in the drug release profiles. Specifically, in the case of continuous flow, the quantity of the released drug is much higher due to the higher driving force for diffusion (concentration gradient). Overall, the proposed microfluidic tool proved to be ideal for evaluating LDD systems, as the in vivo microenvironment can be replicated in a better way than with currently used standard systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Oates
- Lab of Complex Fluids and Microfluidics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 9PL, UK.
| | - Antonios D Anastasiou
- Lab of Complex Fluids and Microfluidics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 9PL, UK.
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2
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da Costa NMM, Parisi L, Ghezzi B, Elviri L, de Souza SLS, Novaes AB, de Oliveira PT, Macaluso GM, Palioto DB. Anti-Fibronectin Aptamer Modifies Blood Clot Pattern and Stimulates Osteogenesis: An Ex Vivo Study. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:582. [PMID: 38132522 PMCID: PMC10741424 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scaffold (SCA) functionalization with aptamers (APT) provides adsorption of specific bioactive molecules on biomaterial surfaces. The aim of this study was to observe if SCA enriched with anti-fibronectin APT can favor coagulum (PhC) and osteoblasts (OSB) differentiation. METHODS 20 μg of APT was functionalized on SCA by simple adsorption. For PhC formation, SCAs were inserted into rat calvaria defects for 17 h. Following proper transportation (buffer solution PB), OSBs (UMR-106 lineage) were seeded over PhC + SCAs with and without APT. Cells and PhC morphology, PhC cell population, protein labeling and gene expression were observed in different time points. RESULTS The APT induced higher alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein immunolabeling in OSB. Mesenchymal stem cells, leukocytes and lymphocytes cells were detected more in the APT group than when scaffolds were not functionalized. Additionally, an enriched and dense fibrin network and different cell types were observed, with more OSB and white blood cells in PhC formed on SCA with APT. The gene expression showed higher transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-b1) detection in SCA with APT. CONCLUSIONS The SCA functionalization with fibronectin aptamers may alter key morphological and functional features of blood clot formation, and provides a selective expression of proteins related to osteo differentiation. Additionally, aptamers increase TGF-b1 gene expression, which is highly associated with improvements in regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Malu Miranda da Costa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café-Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (N.M.M.d.C.); (S.L.S.d.S.); (A.B.N.J.)
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Benedetta Ghezzi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Parco Area Delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Sergio Luis Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café-Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (N.M.M.d.C.); (S.L.S.d.S.); (A.B.N.J.)
| | - Arthur Belém Novaes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café-Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (N.M.M.d.C.); (S.L.S.d.S.); (A.B.N.J.)
| | - Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café-Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil;
| | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café-Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (N.M.M.d.C.); (S.L.S.d.S.); (A.B.N.J.)
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Ali A, Saroj S, Saha S, Gupta SK, Rakshit T, Pal S. Glucose-Responsive Chitosan Nanoparticle/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels for Sustained Insulin Release In Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37368956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (HGs) with a controlled drug release profile are the current challenge for advanced therapeutic applications. Specifically, antidiabetic drug-loaded glucose-responsive HGs are being investigated for closed-loop insulin delivery in insulin-dependent diabetes patients. In this direction, new design principles must be exploited to create inexpensive, naturally occurring, biocompatible glucose-responsive HG materials for the future. In this work, we developed chitosan nanoparticle/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hybrid HGs (CPHGs) for controlled insulin delivery for diabetes management. In this design, PVA and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are cross-linked with a glucose-responsive formylphenylboronic acid (FPBA)-based cross-linker in situ. Leveraging the structural diversity of FPBA and its pinacol ester-based cross-linkers, we fabricate six CPHGs (CPHG1-6) with more than 80% water content. Using dynamic rheological measurements, we demonstrate elastic solid-like properties of CPHG1-6, which are dramatically reduced under low-pH and high-glucose environments. An in vitro drug release assay reveals size-dependent glucose-responsive drug release from the CPHGs under physiological conditions. It is important to note that the CPHGs show appreciable self-healing and noncytotoxic properties. Promisingly, we observe a significantly slower insulin release profile from the CPHG matrix in the type-1 diabetes (T1D) rat model. We are actively pursuing scaling up of CPHGs and the in vivo safety studies for clinical trial in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Raipur 492015, CG, India
| | - Saroj Saroj
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida 201314, UP, India
| | - Sunita Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Raipur 492015, CG, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Kumhari 490042, CG, India
| | - Tatini Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida 201314, UP, India
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Raipur 492015, CG, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai Raipur 492015, CG, India
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Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Remaggi G, Ossiprandi MC, Bettini R, Elviri L. 3D Printed Chitosan/Alginate Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Silver Sulfadiazine in Wound Healing Applications: Design, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:137. [PMID: 36677198 PMCID: PMC9866939 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for personalized medicine requires innovation in drug manufacturing to combine versatility with automation. Here, three-dimensional (3D) printing was explored for the production of chitosan (CH)/alginate (ALG)-based hydrogels intended as active dressings for wound healing. ALG hydrogels were loaded with 0.75% w/v silver sulfadiazine (SSD), selected as a drug model commonly used for the therapeutic treatment of infected burn wounds, and four different 3D CH/ALG architectures were designed to modulate the release of this active compound. CH/ALG constructs were characterized by their water content, elasticity and porosity. ALG hydrogels (Young's modulus 0.582 ± 0.019 Mpa) were statistically different in terms of elasticity compared to CH (Young's modulus 0.365 ± 0.015 Mpa) but very similar in terms of swelling properties (water content in ALG: 93.18 ± 0.88% and in CH: 92.76 ± 1.17%). In vitro SSD release tests were performed by using vertical diffusion Franz cells, and statistically significant different behaviors in terms of the amount and kinetics of drugs released were observed as a function of the construct. Moreover, strong antimicrobial potency (100% of growth inhibition) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was demonstrated depending on the type of construct, offering a proof of concept that 3D printing techniques could be efficiently applied to the production of hydrogels for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Remaggi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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5
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Photodegradation of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: New Photocatalytic Systems Based on 3D Printed Scaffold-Supported Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposite. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the release of active pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and their persistence in the environment, dangerous consequences can develop in the aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Chitosan/Ag/TiO2 3D printed scaffolds, at different Ag nanoparticle concentrations (10, 100, 1000 ppm) are investigated here as promising materials for photocatalytic degradation under the UV–Vis irradiation of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater. As target drugs, amoxicillin, paracetamol and their 1:1 mix were selected. Ag nanoparticles increase the photocatalytic efficiency of the system based on titanium dioxide embedded in the chitosan scaffold: in the presence of Chitosan/Ag100/TiO2, the selected pharmaceuticals (PhCs), monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy, are completely removed in about 2 h. The photodegradation products of the PhCs were identified by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy and assessed for their toxicological impact on six different bacterial strains: no antibacterial activity was found towards the tested strains. This new system based on Ag/TiO2 supported on 3D chitosan scaffolds may represent an effective strategy to reduce wastewater pollution by emerging contaminants.
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Marchante L, Mena A, Izquierdo-Cañas PM, García-Romero E, Pérez-Coello MS, Díaz-Maroto MC. Effects of the pre-fermentative addition of chitosan on the nitrogenous fraction and the secondary fermentation products of SO 2 -free red wines. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1143-1149. [PMID: 32789849 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different red winemaking were carried out to evaluate the effects of the prefermentative addition of chitosan, as an alternative to the use of SO2 , on the secondary products of alcoholic fermentation, yeast available nitrogen (YAN), biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate. RESULTS The wines made with chitosan presented higher total acidity and higher content of tartaric and succinic acids than those made only with SO2 . The use of chitosan in winemaking resulted in wines with higher glycerol and diacetyl content without increasing the concentration of ethanol, acetic acid, acetaldehyde or butanediol. YAN was lower in wines made with chitosan, which may mean an advantage for the microbial stability of the wines. Furthermore, the use of chitosan at the beginning of alcoholic fermentation did not increase the concentration of biogenic amines or the formation of ethyl carbamate in SO2 -free red wines. CONCLUSION The total or partial substitution of SO2 for chitosan at the beginning of the alcoholic fermentation gives rise to quality red wines without negatively affecting their nitrogen fraction or their very important secondary fermentation products such as acetic acid or acetaldehyde. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Marchante
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), IVICAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Adela Mena
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), IVICAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pedro M Izquierdo-Cañas
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), IVICAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Esteban García-Romero
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), IVICAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Soledad Pérez-Coello
- Food Technology, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Consuelo Díaz-Maroto
- Food Technology, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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7
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Chitosan hydrogels for sustained drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 326:150-163. [PMID: 32562854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable and controlled delivery of drugs is at the centre of a huge amount of undertaken researches. The ability of hydrogels, high water content materials, to achieve a local and delayed-delivery has already been demonstrated for a wide variety of therapeutic agents and various polymer natures. In particular, chitosan, a natural polymer, stands out as a first choice material for hydrogels elaboration in biomedical, cosmetic, and health related applications, owing to its interesting properties (as biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial capacity, and mucoadhesivity). Moreover, chitosan also allows drugs to go easier through biological barriers. The main objective of this review is to report the various uses of chitosan hydrogels as drug delivery devices to control and/or delay the release of drugs loaded into their three dimensional matrix. A wide spectrum of corresponding biomedical applications of these systems can be encountered in the literature, whatever the physicochemical nature of drugs (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, macromolecular), as detailed in this review.
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8
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Jiang Y, Li S, Chen Y, Yan S, Tao M, Wen P. Facile and Green Preparation of Superfast Responsive Macroporous Polyacrylamide Hydrogels by Frontal Polymerization of Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Monomers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Shengfang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Yapeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Shilin Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Pin Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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9
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Bergamonti L, Bergonzi C, Graiff C, Lottici PP, Bettini R, Elviri L. 3D printed chitosan scaffolds: A new TiO 2 support for the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin in water. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114841. [PMID: 31306940 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-supported chitosan scaffolds (TiO2/CS) are here proposed as promising material for wastewater treatment, in particular for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds. TiO2/CS are tested for the amoxicillin photodegradation under UV/Vis irradiation. Amoxicillin (AMX) is an antibiotic of the beta-lactam family. Due to the release of antibiotics in wastewater and their persistence in the environment, harmful effects can develop on the aquatic and terrestrial organisms. TiO2 chitosan scaffolds with photocatalytic activity for wastewater remediation have been prepared by 3D printing using commercial P25-TiO2. The formulation for the 3D printer was prepared by dispersion of chitosan and TiO2 in powder form at the concentration 6% w/v and 1% w/v, respectively. The TiO2 particles (crystalline anatase and rutile phases) embedded in the chitosan have a size of about 20 nm, like in the starting material, as verified by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy and are homogeneously distributed in the scaffold, also after repeated photocatalytic tests, as revealed by SEM-EDS. The mechanical properties of the 3D structures are suitable for the targeted application as they can be easily handled without breakage. The AMX photodegradation efficiency under light irradiation by TiO2/CS made with scaffolds of different thicknesses (3, 5, 15 layers), was assessed in water by means of UV-Vis absorption and HPLC/UV measurements, at two different AMX:TiO2 molar ratios: 1/100 and 1/10. The 3D printed TiO2/CS system, even after repeated cycles, shows a high photodegradation efficiency, compared to the direct AMX photolysis. A zero-order kinetics for TiO2 supported photodegradation was found, whereas a pseudo-first order was observed for water dispersed TiO2. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of AMX degradates such as penilloic and penicilloic acids and diketopiperazine. The proposed 3D printed chitosan scaffolds may be used as reusable substrate for the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergamonti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Lottici
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
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10
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Parisi L, Toffoli A, Bianchi MG, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Bettini R, Elviri L, Macaluso GM. Functional Fibronectin Adsorption on Aptamer-Doped Chitosan Modulates Cell Morphology by Integrin-Mediated Pathway. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050812. [PMID: 30857264 PMCID: PMC6427328 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A decisive step in cell-biomaterial interaction is represented by the adsorption of proteins at the interface, whose fine control may be useful to trigger proper cell response. To this purpose, we can selectively control protein adsorption on biomaterials by means of aptamers. Aptamers selected to recognize fibronectin dramatically enhance chitosan ability to promote cell proliferation and adhesion, but the underlying biological mechanism remains unknown. We supposed that aptamers contributed to ameliorate the adsorption of fibronectin in an advantageous geometrical conformation for cells, thus regulating their morphology by the proper activation of the integrin-mediated pathway. We investigated this possibility by culturing epithelial cells on chitosan enriched with increasing doses of aptamers in the presence or in the absence of cytoskeleton pharmacological inhibitors. Our results showed that aptamers control cell morphology in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Simultaneously, when the inhibition of actin polymerization was induced, the control of cell morphology was attenuated (p < 0.0001), while no differences were detected when cells contractility was challenged (p > 0.05). Altogether, our data provide evidence that aptamers contribute to control fibronectin adsorption on biomaterials by preserving its conformation and thus function. Furthermore, our work provides a new insight into a new way to accurately tailor material surface bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Toffoli
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Guido M Macaluso
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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11
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Saccani M, Parisi L, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Galli C, Macaluso GM, Bettini R, Elviri L. Surface modification of chitosan films with a fibronectin fragment-DNA aptamer complex to enhance osteoblastic cell activity: A mass spectrometry approach probing evidence on protein behavior. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:336-342. [PMID: 30398689 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Saccani
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma Parco, Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Bartos C, Pallagi E, Szabó-Révész P, Ambrus R, Katona G, Kiss T, Rahimi M, Csóka I. Formulation of levodopa containing dry powder for nasal delivery applying the quality-by-design approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:475-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Intini C, Elviri L, Cabral J, Mros S, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Flammini L, Govoni P, Barocelli E, Bettini R, McConnell M. 3D-printed chitosan-based scaffolds: An in vitro study of human skin cell growth and an in-vivo wound healing evaluation in experimental diabetes in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:593-602. [PMID: 30143167 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of porous 3D printed chitosan (CH) scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration and their behavior in terms of biocompatibility, cytocompatibility and toxicity toward human fibroblasts (Nhdf) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), are presented and discussed. 3D cell cultures achieved after 20 and 35 days of incubation showed significant in vitro qualitative and quantitative cell growth as measured by neutral red staining and MTT assays and confirmed by scanning electron microphotographs. The best cell growth was obtained after 35 days on 3D scaffolds when the Nhdf and HaCaT cells, seeded together, filled the pores in the scaffolds. An early skin-like layer consisting of a mass of fibroblast and keratinocyte cells growing together was observed. The tests of 3D printed scaffolds in wound healing carried out on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats demonstrate that 3D printed scaffolds improve the quality of the restored tissue with respect to both commercial patch and spontaneous healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Intini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Jaydee Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sonya Mros
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Biopharmanet TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Govoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Parisi L, Galli C, Bianchera A, Lagonegro P, Elviri L, Smerieri A, Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Bettini R, Macaluso GM. Anti-fibronectin aptamers improve the colonization of chitosan films modified with D-(+) Raffinose by murine osteoblastic cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:136. [PMID: 28762141 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how the enrichment of chitosan films with anti-fibronectin aptamers could enhance scaffold colonization by osteoblasts, by improving their adhesion and accelerating their proliferation. Chitosan discs were enriched with excess of anti-fibronectin aptamer. Aptamer adsorption on chitosan was monitored by measuring aptamer concentration in the supernatant by spectrophotometry, as well as its release, while functionalization was confirmed by labelling aptamers with a DNA intercalating dye. Chitosan samples were then characterized morphologically with atomic force microscopy and physically with contact angle measurement. Chitosan enrichment with fibronectin was then investigated by immunofluorescence and Bradford assay. 2% chitosan discs were then enriched with increasing doses of aptamers and used as culture substrates for MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell growth was monitored by optical microscopy, while cell viability and metabolic activity were assessed by chemiluminescence and by Resazurin Sodium Salt assay. Cell morphology was investigated by cytofluorescence and by scanning electron microscopy. Chitosan films efficiently bound and retained aptamers. Aptamers did not affect the amount of adsorbed fibronectin, but affected osteoblasts behavior. Cell growth was proportional to the amount of aptamer used for the functionalization, as well as aptamers influenced cell morphology and their adhesion to the substrate. Our results demonstrate that the enrichment of chitosan films with aptamers could selectively improve osteoblasts behavior. Furthermore, our results support further investigation of this type of functionalization as a suitable modification to ameliorate the biocompatibility of biomaterial for hard tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Parisi
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - C Galli
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Bianchera
- Dip. Farmacia, University of Parma, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - P Lagonegro
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - L Elviri
- Dip. Farmacia, University of Parma, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Smerieri
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - S Lumetti
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - E Manfredi
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - R Bettini
- Dip. Farmacia, University of Parma, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - G M Macaluso
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
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Elviri L, Foresti R, Bergonzi C, Zimetti F, Marchi C, Bianchera A, Bernini F, Silvestri M, Bettini R. Highly defined 3D printed chitosan scaffolds featuring improved cell growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:045009. [PMID: 28699619 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The augmented demand for medical devices devoted to tissue regeneration and possessing a controlled micro-architecture means there is a need for industrial scale-up in the production of hydrogels. A new 3D printing technique was applied to the automation of a freeze-gelation method for the preparation of chitosan scaffolds with controlled porosity. For this aim, a dedicated 3D printer was built in-house: a preliminary effort has been necessary to explore the printing parameter space to optimize the printing results in terms of geometry, tolerances and mechanical properties of the product. Analysed parameters included viscosity of the starting chitosan solution, which was measured with a Brookfield viscometer, and temperature of deposition, which was determined by filming the process with a cryocooled sensor thermal camera. Optimized parameters were applied to the production of scaffolds from solutions of chitosan alone or with the addition of raffinose as a viscosity modifier. Resulting hydrogels were characterized in terms of morphology and porosity. In vitro cell culture studies comparing 3D printed scaffolds with their homologous produced by solution casting evidenced an improvement in biocompatibility deriving from the production technique as well as from the solid state modification of chitosan stemming from the addition of the viscosity modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
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De Angelis E, Ravanetti F, Martelli P, Cacchioli A, Ivanovska A, Corradi A, Nasi S, Bianchera A, Passeri B, Canelli E, Bettini R, Borghetti P. The in vitro biocompatibility of d-(+) raffinose modified chitosan: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems for culturing of horse articular chondrocytes. Res Vet Sci 2017. [PMID: 28647600 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the biocompatibility of chitosan films and scaffolds modified with d-(+)raffinose and their capability to support the growth and maintenance of the differentiation of articular chondrocytes in vitro. Primary equine articular chondrocytes were cultured on films and scaffolds of modified d-(+) raffinose chitosan. Their behavior was compared to that of chondrocytes grown in conventional bi- and three-dimensional culture systems, such as micromasses and alginate beads. Chitosan films maintained the phenotype of differentiated chondrocytes (typical round morphology) and sustained the synthesis of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), even at 4weeks of culture. Indeed, starting from 2weeks of culture, chondrocytes seeded on chitosan scaffolds were able to penetrate the surface pores and to colonize the internal matrix. Moreover they produced ECM expressing the genes of typical chondrocytes differentiation markers such as collagen II and aggrecan. In conclusion, chitosan modified with d-raffinose represents an ideal support for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation and for the maintenance of cellular phenotypic and genotypic differentiation. This novel biomaterial could potentially be a reliable support for the re-differentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Ana Ivanovska
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Sonia Nasi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Elena Canelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
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Xu Y, Han J, Lin H. Fabrication and characterization of a self-crosslinking chitosan hydrogel under mild conditions without the use of strong bases. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:372-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Elviri L, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Bettini R. Mapping insulin non-covalent interactions with natural polysaccharides by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2323-2330. [PMID: 27495851 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug development efforts involving therapeutic peptides or proteins strongly lead optimization of drug delivery, drug stability, solubility and functionality. The key feature of controlled drug delivery is the use of biocompatible polymers able to interact via non-covalent bonds with an active principle through multiple functional groups. Here amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry was employed to localize insulin dynamics induced by interactions with three natural polysaccharides, i.e. chitosan (CH), sodium alginate (ALG) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). METHODS LTQ-Orbitap continuous-labelling mass spectra were collected by diluting insulin stock solution (10 mM in 0.1% formic acid) to a final concentration of 0.1 mM in D2 O containing 1 mM deuterated ammonium acetate (final pH .6) (insulin:polysaccharide ratio 1:2, w/w). For peptide mapping, deuterated samples were quenched after 0.5, 30, 60, 120 minutes exchange by adding HCl (pH ) and digested with pepsin before LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS Differences in the insulin backbone dynamics in the presence of the three polysaccharides were highlighted by monitoring peptic peptides at different time points. No significant differences were observed in the presence of CH, whereas the negatively charged ALG and CS were able to induce significant conformational variations at the B-chain level resulting in more protection against H/D exchange. The A-chain interacted only with CS reducing the protein mobility on a long time scale (120 min). HDX data evidenced heterogeneous insulin dynamics in the presence of ALG and CS. CONCLUSIONS The studies reported here demonstrated the capabilities of mass spectrometry techniques and HDX methods to obtain useful information toward the flexibility and the behavior of native insulin in the presence of natural polysaccharides, and could provide insights to study the behavior of pharmaceutical formulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Elviri L, Bianchera A, Bergonzi C, Bettini R. Controlled local drug delivery strategies from chitosan hydrogels for wound healing. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:897-908. [PMID: 27732106 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1247803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main target of tissue engineering is the preparation and application of adequate materials for the design and production of scaffolds, that possess properties promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The use of natural polysaccharides, such as chitosan, to prepare hydrogels for wound healing and controlled drug delivery is a research topic of wide and increasing interest. Areas covered: This review presents the latest results and challenges in the preparation of chitosan and chitosan-based scaffold/hydrogel for wound healing applications. A detailed overview of their behavior in terms of controlled drug delivery, divided by drug categories, and efficacy was provided and critically discussed. Expert opinion: The need to establish and exploit the advantages of natural biomaterials in combination with active compounds is playing a pivotal role in the regenerative medicine fields. The challenges posed by the many variables affecting tissue repair and regeneration need to be standardized and adhere to recognized guidelines to improve the quality of evidence in the wound healing process. Currently, different methodologies are followed to prepare innovative scaffold formulations and structures. Innovative technologies such as 3D printing or bio-electrospray are promising to create chitosan-based scaffolds with finely controlled structures with customizable shape porosity and thickness. Chitosan scaffolds could be designed in combination with a variety of polysaccharides or active compounds with selected and reproducible spacial distribution, providing active wound dressing with highly tunable controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- b Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- b Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
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