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Picken CAR, Buensoz O, Price PD, Fidge C, Points L, Shaver MP. Sustainable formulation polymers for home, beauty and personal care: challenges and opportunities. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12926-12940. [PMID: 38023508 PMCID: PMC10664511 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As society moves towards a net-zero future, the need to adopt more sustainable polymers is well understood, and as well as plastics, less visible formulation polymers should also be included within this shift. As researchers, industries and consumers move towards more sustainable products there is a clear need to define what sustainability means in fast moving consumer goods and how it can be considered at the design stage. In this perspective key challenges in achieving sustainable formulation polymers are highlighted, and opportunities to overcome them are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A R Picken
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Orla Buensoz
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paul D Price
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Christopher Fidge
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Laurie Points
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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2
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Effect of modified microbial flocculant on membrane fouling alleviation in a hybrid aerobic granular sludge membrane system for wastewater reuse. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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3
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Zhang B, Mao X, Tang X, Tang H, Zhang B, Shen Y, Shi W. Pre-coagulation for membrane fouling mitigation in an aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor: A comparative study of modified microbial and organic flocculants. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4
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Kapse G, Samadder SR. Moringa oleifera seed defatted press cake based biocoagulant for the treatment of coal beneficiation plant effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113202. [PMID: 34271350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a unique way of preparation of biocoagulant from Moringa oleifera defatted seed press cake. The press cake used in this study is a waste material produced as a by-product during cold press oil making from Moring oleifera seeds. The prepared Moringa oleifera seed defatted press cake based biocoagulant was found more effective than presently used metallic and polymer-based coagulants and flocculants for removal of fine particles of colloidal size from the effluent generated in the process of coal beneficiation. The detailed characterization of Moringa oleifera defatted seed press cake and the prepared biocoagulant for Particle size, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis, Zeta Potential, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, etc. was done. The biocoagulant has been found effective in 97.4% total suspended solids removal and 97.48% turbidity removal from coal beneficiation plant effluent. The biocoagulant has been found to work satisfactorily under high fluxes of turbidity and total suspended solids with high removal of fine particles. The age of biocoagulant had negligible effect on fine particle removal efficiency (97.4% for fresh to 95% for 3-week-old biocoagulant). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis reveals considerable increase in flocs size from 198 nm to a 20 μ size well-developed flocs. The biocoagulant has proved as an efficient substitute of the metallic and polymer-based coagulants for the efficient treatment of coal beneficiation plant effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kapse
- M. S. Patel Department of Civil Engineering, CSPIT, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, India
| | - S R Samadder
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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5
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Du P, Li X, Yang Y, Fan X, Zhang T, Wang N, Li H, Ji S, Zhou Z. Effect of rapid-mixing conditions on the evolution of micro-flocs to final aggregates during two-stage alum addition. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3122-3131. [PMID: 31990636 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1723710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a coagulation-flocculation process, optimal separation of the resultant aggregates plays a decisive role on coagulation performance and provides a lower burden for subsequent treatment units. This separation highly depends on the stability of the micro-flocs formed during the initial, rapid stage of coagulation. In this work, a two-stage addition of aluminium sulphate (alum, Al2(SO4)3) was employed by adding 0.04 and 0.08 mM Al2(SO4)3 at the beginning and the end of rapid mixing, respectively. The coagulation performance and floc characteristics were compared to conventional single addition with the same total coagulant dosage, and the effects of variable rapid-mixing speeds (160-850 rpm) and duration time (10-120 s) were investigated. The results showed that the residual turbidity of two-stage coagulant addition was 85.1% lower than single addition when applied at a mixing speed of 580 rpm and a duration time of 120 s. The underlying coagulation mechanism revealed that the two-step addition more effectively neutralized colloids and formed larger aggregates that settled better and could more easily be removed. Moreover, the aggregates were less firm, which was attributed to different interactions among the micro-flocs, the second addition of Al2(SO4)3 and destabilized colloids. The present work provides data to broaden the window of rapid-mixing environments for more effective coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Yang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Ji
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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6
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Koshani R, Tavakolian M, van de Ven TGM. Cellulose-based dispersants and flocculants. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10502-10526. [PMID: 33136107 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural dispersants and flocculants, often referred to as dispersion stabilizers and liquid-solid separators, respectively, have secured a promising role in the bioprocessing community. They have various applications, including in biomedicine and in environmental remediation. A large fraction of existing dispersants and flocculants are synthesized from non-safe chemical compounds such as polyacrylamide and surfactants. Despite numerous advantages of synthetic dispersants and flocculants, issues such as renewability, sustainability, biocompatibility, and cost efficiency have shifted attention towards natural homologues, in particular, cellulose-based ones. Within the past decade, cellulose derivatives, obtained via chemical and mechanical treatments of cellulose fibrils, have successfully been used for these purposes. In this review article, by dividing the functional cellulosic compounds into "polymeric" and "nanoscale" categories, we provide insight into the engineering pathways, the structural frameworks, and surface chemistry of these "green" types of dispersants and flocculants. A summary of their efficiency and the controlling parameters is also accompanied by recent advances in their applications in each section. We are confident that the emergence of cellulose-based dispersing and flocculating agents will extend the boundaries of sustainable green technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Koshani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Mandana Tavakolian
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada. and Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
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Application of sodium alginate as a coagulant aid for mitigating membrane fouling induced by humic acid in dead-end ultrafiltration process. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Feng X, Wan J, Deng J, Qin W, Zhao N, Luo X, He M, Chen X. Preparation of acrylamide and carboxymethyl cellulose graft copolymers and the effect of molecular weight on the flocculation properties in simulated dyeing wastewater under different pH conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1142-1156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Zhao S, Sun Q, Gu Y, Yang W, Chen Y, Lin J, Dong M, Cheng H, Hu H, Guo Z. Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide based coagulant aid for humic acids removal and ultrafiltration membrane fouling control. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:576-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Wang Z, Yao M, Wang X, Li S, Liu Y, Yang G. Influence of reaction media on synthesis of dialdehyde cellulose/GO composites and their adsorption performances on heavy metals. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Chen N, Liu W, Huang J, Qiu X. Preparation of octopus-like lignin-grafted cationic polyacrylamide flocculant and its application for water flocculation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Wang Z, Huang W, Yang G, Liu Y, Liu S. Preparation of cellulose-base amphoteric flocculant and its application in the treatment of wastewater. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:179-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Wang W, Yue Q, Li R, Bu F, Shen X, Gao B. Optimization of coagulation pre-treatment for alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling: The role of floc properties on Al species. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:86-92. [PMID: 29475032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated membrane fouling in a coagulation/ultrafiltration (C-UF) process by comparing the floc properties and humic acid (HA) removal efficiency of three hydrous Al(III) species (Ala, Alb, and Alc). The results indicated that the coagulation and membrane mechanisms were different for all three Al species because of the differences in floc properties. The HA removal efficiency increased with increasing Al dosage until an equilibrium was reached at the optimal dosage of 6 mg L-1. In addition, membrane fouling gradually decreased as the Al dosages increased. Regardless of coagulant type, the OH and COOH functional groups of HA reacted with the Al species. Both external and internal membrane fouling were strongly dependent on the porosity of the cake layer and on the size distribution of the floc particulates, respectively. The pore area of the cake layer formed by the Ala-coagulated effluent was large because of the strong charge neutralization. Moreover, Ala generated large and loose flocs with a porous cake layer that mitigated external fouling. However, the internal fouling with the Alc coagulant was significant because the concentration of residual aggregates in the membrane pores was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Ruihua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fan Bu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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14
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Synthesis of a terpolymer based on chitosan and lignin as an effective flocculant for dye removal. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Lou T, Wang X, Song G, Cui G. Synthesis and flocculation performance of a chitosan-acrylamide-fulvic acid ternary copolymer. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 170:182-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Liu T, Ding E, Xue F. Polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) grafted cellulose nanocrystals as efficient flocculants for kaolin suspension. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:1107-1112. [PMID: 28528941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymer flocculants for wastewater treatment have received close attention in recent years. Here we used two flocculants, polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) grafted cellulose nanocrystals synthesized by a "macro-RAFT assisted" strategy, for the flocculation of kaolin suspension. The flocculation performance of these two flocculants, including flocculants dosage, settling time and floc size, was carefully studied and compared. Results suggested that poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) grafted cellulose nanocrstyals showed better flocculation performance than polyacrylamide grafted ones. Meanwhile, their flocculation behavior was also compared with other cellulose-based flocculants in literature and we suggested polymer modified cellulose nanocrstals as flocculants might have higher flocculation performance, but this needs further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Enyong Ding
- College of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Feng Xue
- College of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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Kumar R, Sharma RK, Singh AP. Cellulose based grafted biosorbents - Journey from lignocellulose biomass to toxic metal ions sorption applications - A review. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Li RH, Zhang HB, Hu XQ, Gan WW, Li QP. An efficiently sustainable dextran-based flocculant: Synthesis, characterization and flocculation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:342-350. [PMID: 27317940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-modified flocculant is a notable material in the field of wastewater treatment. Synthesis of biopolysaccharide derivatives as eco-friendly flocculants is remarkably desired for environmental protection. This work presents an efficient flocculant synthesized through copolymerization of acrylamide, sodium acrylate (AS), and dextran. Physicochemical properties of the flocculant were evaluated. Process parameters of coal-washing wastewater flocculation were tested using Response Surface Method. The application of graft polymers exhibited efficient flocculation performance at low level of flocculant dosage in alkalescent environment. The improved dextran contributes to handle industrial effluent and sanitary sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Han Li
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Xue-Qin Hu
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Gan
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ping Li
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193# Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
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