1
|
Sun L, Yang B, Lin Y, Gao M, Yang Y, Cui X, Hao Q, Liu Y, Wang C. Dynamic bond crosslinked maca polysaccharide hydrogels with reactive oxygen species scavenging and antibacterial effects on infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133471. [PMID: 38942406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a polysaccharide fragment with antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities was extracted from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) and subjected to structural analyses. The fragment, characterized by the α-D-Glcp-(1 → terminal group of the main chain linked to the →4)-Glcp-(1 → end unit through an O-6 bond and the O-3 bond of 1-3-4Glcp, was modified by introducing dialdehyde structures on its glucose units. It was then crosslinked with N-carboxymethyl chitosan via the Schiff base reaction to create a multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial and ROS scavenging properties. Polyvinyl alcohol was incorporated to form a double crosslinked gel network, and the addition of silver nanoparticles enhanced its antibacterial efficacy. This gel system can scavenge excess ROS, mitigate wound inflammation, eradicate harmful bacteria, and aid in the restoration of skin microecology. The multifunctional maca polysaccharide hydrogel shows significant potential as a medical dressing for the treatment of infected wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Boyuan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yameng Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mingju Gao
- Wenshan University, Wenshan 663099, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao C, Liao Y, Yu Q, Zhang D, Huang J, Su Y, Yan C. Structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan with anti-neuroinflammatory activity from Ganoderma lucidum. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122030. [PMID: 38553228 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) presents certain effects for nourishing nerves and calming the mind. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) have various biological activities; however, the structural characterization and the structure-activity relationship in anti-neuroinflammation of GLPs needs to be further investigated. In this work, the crude polysaccharide GL70 exhibited a remarkable impact on enhancing the spatial learning and memory function, as well as reducing the anxiety symptoms of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A galactoglucomannan (GLP70-1-2) was isolated from GL70, and characterized by monosaccharide composition, partial acid hydrolysis, methylation, and NMR analysis. The backbone of GLP70-1-2 was →6)-α-D-glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-galp-(1 → [6)-β-D-manp-(1]3 → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-glcp-(1 → 2)-β-D-galp-(1 → [4)-α-D-glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-manp-(1 → 2)-β-D-galp-(1]2 → 6)-β-D-glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-glcp-(1→ with two side chains attached to O-4 of →6)-β-D-galp-(1→ and O-3 of →6)-β-D-glcp-(1→, respectively. In addition, GLP70-1-2 exhibited remarkable efficacy in decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-activated BV2 cells through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Collectively, GLP70-1-2 exhibited significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity and may have the potential for developing as a drug for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuechan Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiqi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yifan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan G, Duan Z, Xia G, Xin T, Yang L, Liu F, Xie H. Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Gastrointestinal Digestion Characteristics of Polysaccharides Extracted from Mallotus oblongfolius. Foods 2024; 13:1799. [PMID: 38928741 PMCID: PMC11202859 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharides were extracted from the leaves of Mallotus oblongifolius (MO) using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method in this study. The main variables affecting the yield of polysaccharides extracted from Mallotus appallatus (MOPS) were identified and optimized while concurrently investigating its antioxidant capacity, hypoglycemic activity, and digestive properties. The results indicated that the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction of MOPS involved an ultrasound power of 200 W, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 25:1 (mL:g), an extraction temperature of 75 °C, and an ultrasound time of 45 min, leading to an extraction yield of (7.36 ± 0.45)% (m/m). The MOPS extract exhibited significant scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of (25.65 ± 0.53) μg/mL and (100.38 ± 0.38) μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, it effectively inhibited the enzymatic activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 values of (2.27 ± 0.07) mg/mL and (0.57 ± 0.04) mg/mL, respectively. The content of MOPS remained relatively stable in the stomach and small intestine; however, their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals and exhibit reducing power was attenuated, and the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity was diminished. In conclusion, the ultrasonic extraction of MOPS showed feasibility and revealed antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. However, the activities were significantly reduced after gastric and small intestinal digestion despite no significant change in the MOPS content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gansheng Tan
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China; (G.T.); (Z.D.); (T.X.); (L.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Zhouwei Duan
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China; (G.T.); (Z.D.); (T.X.); (L.Y.); (F.L.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Tian Xin
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China; (G.T.); (Z.D.); (T.X.); (L.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China; (G.T.); (Z.D.); (T.X.); (L.Y.); (F.L.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China; (G.T.); (Z.D.); (T.X.); (L.Y.); (F.L.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China; (G.T.); (Z.D.); (T.X.); (L.Y.); (F.L.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin D, Zhong Y, Liu H, Hu J. Lipid metabolism regulation by dietary polysaccharides with different structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132253. [PMID: 38744359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in energy homeostasis maintenance in response to stress. Nowadays, hyperlipidemia-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver pose significant health challenges. Dietary polysaccharides (DPs) have gained attention for their effective lipid-lowering properties. This review examines the multifaceted mechanisms that DPs employ to lower lipid levels in subjects with hyperlipidemia. DPs could directly inhibit lipid intake and absorption, promote lipid excretion, and regulate key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism pathways, including triglyceride and cholesterol anabolism and catabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid synthesis. Additionally, DPs indirectly improve lipid homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota composition and alleviating oxidative stress. Moreover, the lipid-lowering mechanisms of particular structural DPs (including β-glucan, pectin, glucomannan, inulin, arabinoxylan, and fucoidan) are summarized. The relationship between the structure and lipid-lowering activity of DPs is also discussed based on current researches. Finally, potential breakthroughs and future directions in the development of DPs in lipid-lowering activity are discussed. The paper could provide a reference for further exploring the mechanism of DPs for lipid regulations and utilizing DPs as lipid-lowering dietary ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao X, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Deng Z, Li H. The structure change of polygonatum polysaccharide and the protect effect of Polygonatum crtonema Hua extracts and polysaccharide on cisplatin-induced AKI mice during nine-steam-nine-bask processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132290. [PMID: 38795899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PC) with different processing degrees during the nine-steam-nine-bask processing was selected as the research object to investigate the changes of polysaccharide structure and their protective effect on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. The polysaccharides (PCP0, PCP4 and PCP9) were extracted, whose polysaccharide contents were 62.45 %, 60.34 % and 58.23 %, respectively. After processing, the apparent structure of PCPs became looser, and the apparent viscosity and the particle size were decreased. The PCPs were acidic polysaccharides containing pyran rings, and furan rings were present in PCP4 and PCP9. Besides, processing destroyed the original β-glucoside bond in PCP0. PCPs were all composed of Rha, Man, Glu, Gal, Xyl and Ara with different ratio. In addition, AKI mice model was successfully constructed by single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. PC extracts (3.0750 g/kg) and PCP (0.1599 g/kg) significantly decreased the kidney function, liver function, and percentage of renal cell apoptosis, and improved the kidney structure of AKI mice (p < 0.05). PC and PCP have protective effect on cisplatin-induced AKI mice, and the protective effect was improved with the increase of processing degree. Under the same processing degree, the protective effect of PC mixed extract was better than that of PCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; The Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen ZH, Yuan XH, Tu TT, Wang L, Mao YH, Luo Y, Qiu SY, Song AX. Characterization and prebiotic potential of polysaccharides from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131910. [PMID: 38679267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, polysaccharides (RRTPs) were extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by hot water or ultrasound (US)-assisted extraction. The structural properties and potential prebiotic functions of RRTPs were investigated. Structural characterization was conducted through HPAEC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR and SEM. Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTPs extracted by hot water (RRTP-HW) or US with shorter (RRTP-US-S) or longer duration (RRTP-US-L) all consisted of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid in various molar ratio. US extraction caused notable reduction in molecular weight of RRTPs but no significant changes in primary structures. Fecal fermentation showed RRTPs could reshape microbial composition toward a healthier balance, leading to a higher production of beneficial metabolites including total short-chain fatty acids, curcumin, noopept, spermidine, 3-feruloylquinic acid and citrulline. More beneficial shifts in bacterial population were observed in RRTP-HW group, while RRTP-US-S had stronger ability to stimulate bacterial short-chain fatty acids production. Additionally, metabolic profiles with the intervention of RRTP-HW, RRTP-US-S or RRTP-US-L were significantly different from each other. The results suggested RRTPs had potential prebiotic effects which could be modified by power US via molecular weight degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Heng Mao
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - You Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shu-Yi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China..
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo X, Zhen D, Deng Q, Guo M, Mao H, Dai H, Xie ZH, Zhong J, Liu Y. Corrosion inhibition activity of a natural polysaccharide from Dysosma versipellis using tailor-made deep eutectic solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:129220. [PMID: 38191116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a total of 18 types of choline chloride, betaine, and L-proline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized to determine the extraction yield of a natural polysaccharide (PSA) from Dysosma versipellis using an ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Results indicate that the choline-oxalic acid-based DES has the best extraction yield for PSA due to the proper physical-chemical properties between PSA and DES. To evaluate the optimal extraction conditions, a response surface methodology was carried out. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of PSA reaches 10.37 % (± 0.03 %), higher than the conventional extraction methods. Findings from FT-IR and NMR suggest that the extracted PSA belongs to a neutral polysaccharide with (1 → 6)-linked α-d-glucopyranose in the main chain. Interestingly, results from various electrochemical measurements show the extracted PSA exhibits excellent corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel (MS) in a 0.5 M HCl solution, with 90.8 % of maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency at 210 mg L-1. SEM and XPS measurements reveal the formation of a protective layer on the MS surface. The adsorption behaviour of extracted PSA well obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm containing the chemisorption and physisorption. Additionally, theoretical calculations validate the experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyan 558000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Deshuai Zhen
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyan 558000, PR China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuhui Deng
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Meng Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyan 558000, PR China
| | - Haili Mao
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Homg Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyan 558000, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, PR China.
| | - Junbo Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 637002, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao W, Wu J, Zhao X, Li Z, Yu J, Shao T, Hou X, Zhou L, Wang C, Wang G, Han J. Structural elucidation of an active polysaccharide from Radix Puerariae lobatae and its protection against acute alcoholic liver disease. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121565. [PMID: 38008472 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Radix Pueraria lobata can be used as medicine and food, whose polysaccharide is one of the main bioactive ingredients. To explore the effect and mechanism of Pueraria lobata polysaccharide, a homogeneous and novel water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1) was successfully isolated and purified from P. lobata by column chromatography in the current study. Structure analysis revealed that PLP1 (Mw = 10.43 kDa) was constituted of the residues including (1 → 4)-α-d-glucose and (1 → 4, 6)-α-d-glucose, which were linked together at a ratio of 5:1 and represented the main glycosidic units. In vitro experiments indicated that PLP1 exhibited a better free radical-scavenging ability than amylose and amylopectin, meanwhile in vivo experiments indicated that PLP1 effectively protected against liver injury in mice with acute ALD through significantly inhibiting oxidative stress to regulate lipid metabolism, increasing short-chain fatty acid production, and maintaining intestinal homeostasis by regulating intestinal flora. Taken together, our results illustrate that PLP1 can regulate intestinal microecology as a feasible therapeutic agent for protecting against ALD on the ground of the gut-liver axis, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the rational exploitation and utilization of P. lobata resources in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zixu Li
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Taili Shao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Jun Han
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu 241002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Liu Z, Liu Q, Zhang X, Li S, Tang F, Zhang L, Yang Q, Wang Q, Yang S, Huang L, Ba Y, Du X, Yang F, Feng H. Extraction of Polysaccharides from Root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. and the Effects of Ultrasound Treatment on Its Properties and Antioxidant and Immune Activities. Molecules 2023; 29:142. [PMID: 38202725 PMCID: PMC10779800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrophilic polysaccharides (PS) were isolated and purified from the tuberous roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. The extraction process of PS from Pesudostellariae radix was optimized by single-factor experiments and orthogonal design. The extract was purified by DEAE cellulose column to obtain the pure polysaccharide PHP. Then PHP was treated with different intensities of sonication to study the effect of sonication on PHP's characteristics and its biological activity in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study revealed that ultrasound treatment did not significantly change the properties of PHP. Further, with the increase of ultrasound intensity, PHP enhanced the proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophage RAW264.7. Meanwhile, it could also significantly improve the body's antioxidant activity and immune function. The results of this study demonstrated that PHP has the potential as a food additive with enhanced antioxidant and immune functions, and its biological activities could be enhanced by sonication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinnan Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Tang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linzi Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiran Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyao Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Huang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuwei Ba
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xihui Du
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Falong Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haibo Feng
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (F.T.); (L.Z.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.); (S.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.B.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen SK, Wang X, Guo YQ, Song XX, Yin JY, Nie SP. Exploring the partial degradation of polysaccharides: Structure, mechanism, bioactivities, and perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4831-4870. [PMID: 37755239 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are promising biomolecules with lowtoxicity and diverse bioactivities in food processing and clinical drug development. However, an essential prerequisite for their applications is the fine structure characterization. Due to the complexity of polysaccharide structure, partial degradation is a powerful tool for fine structure analysis, which can effectively provide valid information on the structure of backbone and branching glycosidic fragments of complex polysaccharides. This review aims to conclude current methods of partial degradation employed for polysaccharide structural characterization, discuss the molecular mechanisms, and describe the molecular structure and solution properties of degraded polysaccharides. In addition, the effects of polysaccharide degradation on the conformational relationships between the molecular structure and bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities, are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the prospects and current challenges for the partial degradation of polysaccharides. This review will be of great value for the scientific elucidation of polysaccharide fine structures and potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu Y, Tang C. Recent Advances in the Preparation, Structure, and Biological Activities of β-Glucan from Ganoderma Species: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:2975. [PMID: 37569244 PMCID: PMC10419088 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma has served as a valuable food supplement and medicinal ingredient with outstanding active compounds that are essential for human protection against chronic diseases. Modern pharmacology studies have proven that Ganoderma β-d-glucan exhibits versatile biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and antiviral properties, as well as gut microbiota regulation. As a promising polysaccharide, β-d-glucan is widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years, the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, spores, and fermentation broth of Ganoderma species have received wide attention from scholars globally. Unfortunately, comprehensive studies on the preparation, structure and bioactivity, toxicology, and utilization of β-d-glucans from Ganoderma species still need to be further explored, which may result in limitations in future sustainable industrial applications of β-d-glucans. Thus, this review summarizes the research progress in recent years on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and bioactivity mechanisms of Ganoderma β-d-glucan, as well as its toxicological assessment and applications. This review is intended to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the development and application of β-d-glucan in the fields of pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chuanhong Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of Lactobacillus fermentation on Eucheuma spinosum polysaccharides: Characterization and mast cell membrane stabilizing activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120742. [PMID: 36925257 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Eucheuma polysaccharides have varieties of biological activities. However, it is accompanied by problems like large molecular weight, high viscosity, and low utilization. Here, we first prepared fermented Eucheuma spinosum polysaccharides (F-ESP) by Lactobacillus fermentation, compared with low-temperature freeze-thaw ESP (L-ESP) prepared by the freeze-thaw method, explored the composition and structural characteristics of F-ESP and L-ESP, and evaluation of the ability of different samples to inhibit mast cell degranulation using classical mast cell model. Then, the activity of L-ESP and F-ESP in vivo was preliminarily evaluated using a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model. Two kinds of F-ESP named F1-ESP-3 and F2-ESP-3 were obtained by fermentation of Eucheuma spinosum with the selected strains of Lactobacillus.sakei subsp.sakei and Lactobacillus.rhamnosus. Compared with the purified component L-ESP-3, the monosaccharide composition of F1-ESP-3 contains more glucuronic acid, the molecular weight reduced from >600 kDa (L-ESP-3) to 28.30 kDa (F1-ESP-3) and 33.58 kDa (F2-ESP-3), F1-ESP-3 has higher solubility and lower apparent viscosity. Fermentation did not destroy the functional groups and structure of ESP. Moreover, F1-ESP-3 significantly inhibited RBL-2H3 cell degranulation by reducing depolymerization of F-actin and Ca2+ influx. F1-ESP-3 reduced the symptoms of mast cell-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, indicating that F1-ESP-3 may have better anti-allergic activity in vivo.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng M, Ma M, Yang Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Hong T, Ni H, Jiang Z. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from Porphyra haitanensis by different methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125003. [PMID: 37217048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the structure and antioxidant activity of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides (PHPs) extracted by different methods, including water extraction (PHP), ultra-high pressure (UHP-PHP), ultrasonic (US-PHP) and microwave assisted water extraction (M-PHP). Compared with water extraction, the total sugar, sulfate and uronic acid contents of PHPs was enhanced by ultra-high pressure, ultrasonic and microwave assisted treatments, especially those of UHP-PHP were increased by 24.35 %, 12.84 % and 27.51 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, these assisted treatments affected the monosaccharide ratio of polysaccharides and significantly reduced the protein content, molecular weight as well as particle size of PHPs (p < 0.05), and resulted in a loose microstructure with more porosity and fragments. PHP, UHP-PHP, US-PHP, and M-PHP all possessed in vitro antioxidant capacity. Among them, UHP-PHP had the strongest oxygen radical absorbance capacity, DPPH and ·OH radicals scavenging capacity, which increased by 48.46 %, 116.24 %, and 14.98 % respectively. Moreover, PHPs particularly UHP-PHP effectively increased the cell viability and reduced ROS levels of H2O2 induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05), indicating their good effects against cell oxidative damage. The findings suggested that PHPs with ultra-high pressure assisted treatments has the better potential to develop natural antioxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Menghan Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Shuji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang P, Ji X, Xia J, Xu M, Hao F, Tong H, Jiao L. Structure and potential anti-fatigue mechanism of polysaccharides from Bupleurum chinense DC. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120608. [PMID: 36746591 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides, BCP-1 and BCP-2, were obtained from Bupleurum chinense DC. by water extraction and ultrafiltration. BCP-1 (1.04 × 105 Da) and BCP-2 (2.14 × 104 Da) were composed of Mannose, Rhamnose, Glucose, Galactose, Arabinose, and Galacturonic acid in different proportions. They both contained oligogalacturonides in their main chain. Besides, the backbone of BCP-1 was composed of 4-β-Galp and 4,6-β-Glcp, and branched at C4 of 4,6-β-Glcp. While BCP-2 contained a backbone of 3,5-α-Araf residues with branches at C3. BCP-2 effectively extended the forced swimming time, improved the glycogen reserves and antioxidant system, decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen, lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase expression. It alleviated physical fatigue through regulating 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway in skeletal muscles. This study demonstrated that BCP-2 exhibited more effective anti-fatigue activity than BCP-1 potentially associated with its primary and higher structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Agriculture Gene Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Chinese Osteo-traumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Agriculture Gene Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mengran Xu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Fang Hao
- Agriculture Gene Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Lili Jiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu J, Mo J, Xiang W, Shi X, Guo L, Li Y, Bao Y, Zheng L. Immunoregulatory effects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide via TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in Raw264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114471. [PMID: 36889110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (THP) exert antioxidant, antibacterial, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties, especially some evidences have highlighted the efficiency of it as an anti-tumor agent. However, as a biological macromolecule with bidirectional immune regulation, the immunological enhancement effects of THP on macrophages and its underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, THP was prepared and characterized, and then the effect of THP on Raw264.7 cell activation was investigated. Structural characteristics of THP showed that the average molecular weight was 370.26 kDa, and the main monosaccharide composition was galactose, glucuronic acid, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 31.56: 25.15: 19.44: 12.60, with high viscosity causing by relative high uronic acid. For immunomodulatory activity investigation, THP promoted the production of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as the expression of IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS and COX-2, which were almost completely inhibited by TLR4 antagonist. Further study showed that THP could activate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and thus enhanced the phagocytic activity of Raw264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, the present study provided evidences that THP could be served as a new immunomodulator in both functional foods and the pharmaceutical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wu
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Juanfen Mo
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Li Guo
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yi Li
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yi Bao
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Li Zheng
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antioxidant Activities and Cytotoxicity of the Regulated Calcium Oxalate Crystals on HK-2 Cells of Polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis with Different Molecular Weights. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051031. [PMID: 36900548 PMCID: PMC10001015 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of seven degraded products (GLPs) with different molecular weights (Mw) of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis were compared. The Mw of GLP1-GLP7 were 106, 49.6, 10.5, 6.14, 5.06, 3.71 and 2.42 kDa, respectively. The results show that GLP2 with Mw = 49.6 kDa had the strongest scavenging capacity for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical and reducing power. When Mw < 49.6 kDa, the antioxidant activity of GLPs increased with the increase in Mw, but when Mw increased to 106 kDa, their antioxidant activity decreased. However, the ability of GLPs to chelate Fe2+ ions increased with the decrease in polysaccharide Mw, which was attributed to the fact that the polysaccharide active groups (-OSO3- and -COOH) were easier to expose, and the steric hindrance was smaller when GLPs chelated with Fe2+. The effects of GLP1, GLP3, GLP5 and GLP7 on the crystal growth of calcium oxalate (CaOx) were studied using XRD, FT-IR, Zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis. Four kinds of GLPs could inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and induce the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) in varying degrees. With the decrease in Mw of GLPs, the percentage of COD increased. GLPs increased the absolute value of the Zeta potential on the crystal surface and reduced the aggregation between crystals. Cell experiments showed that the toxicity of CaOx crystal regulated by GLPs to HK-2 cells was reduced, and the cytotoxicity of CaOx crystal regulated by GLP7 with the smallest Mw was the smallest, which was consistent with the highest SOD activity, the lowest ROS and MDA levels, the lowest OPN expression level and the lowest cell necrosis rate. These results suggest that GLPs, especially GLP7, may be a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hui H, Jin H, Yang X, Gao W, Qin B. The structure and antioxidant activities of three high molecular weight polysaccharides purified from the bulbs of Lanzhou lily. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
18
|
Mei Y, Li L, Fan L, Fan W, Liu L, Zhang F, Hu Z, Wang K, Yang L, Wang Z. The history, stereochemistry, ethnopharmacology and quality assessment of borneol. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115697. [PMID: 36087846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Borneol (BO) represents a global trade-driven spreading of ethnic medicine traceable to the classical age, and won its name specific to its original habitat "Borneo". BO shows broad spectral pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, inducing resuscitation, and widely applied in the protection and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, used singly or mostly in compound formulae. AIM OF THE STUDY Three stereoscopic configuration forms of BO, l-borneol (LB), d-borneol (DB), and dl-borneol (synthetic, SB), are formulated in broad spectral application, yet their diverse pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties caused by configurations, and accurate assay and quality assessment are often overlooked. A systematic review and analysis of lumped studies and applications is necessary to clarify the relationship between configuration and its original plant, analysis method, activity and side effect BO in order to guarantee the efficacy and safety during their application. MATERIALS AND METHODS The public databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were referenced to summarize a comprehensive research and application data of BO published up to date. RESULTS This review includes following sections: History and current status, Stereochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, and Quality assessment. In the section of history, the changes of the plant origins of the two isomeric forms of natural BO were described respectively, and the methods for synthetic racemate SB were also included. The section of stereochemistry deals with the stereoscopic structures, physical/chemical property, optical rotation of the three forms of BO, as well as the main related substances like isoborneol, obtained in SB via chemical transformation of camphor and turpentine oil. In the section of Ethnopharmacology, pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics of different forms of BO were discussed. BO is usually used as an "adjuvant", by enhancing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and intervene the ADME/T pathways of the other ingredients in the same formulation. In the section of quality assessment, the analytical methods, including chromatography, especially GC, and spectroscopy were addressed on the chiral separation of the coexisting enantiomers. CONCLUSIONS This overview systematically summarized three forms of BO in terms of history, stereochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and quality assessment, which, hopefully, can provide valuable information and strategy for more reasonable application and development of the globally reputed ethnic medicine borneol with characteristics in stereochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linghong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fangli Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Le TH, Le LS, Nguyen DGC, Tran TVT, Vu Ho XA, Tran TM, Nguyen MN, Nguyen VT, Le TT, Nguyen THC, Nguyen CC, Le QV. Rich d-Fructose-Containing Polysaccharide Isolated from Myxopyrum smilacifolium Roots toward a Superior Antioxidant Biomaterial. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47923-47932. [PMID: 36591194 PMCID: PMC9798761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The presented study attempts to unveil and evaluate the antioxidant activity of a novel heteropolysaccharide separated from the roots of Myxopyrum smilacifolium (denoted as PS-MSR). The molecular weight of PS-MSR is found to be 1.88 × 104 Da and contains two principal sugars, which are d-glucose and d-fructose, in the backbone. Decoding the structure of the obtained PS-MSR sample has disclosed a novel polysaccharide for the first time. Indeed, the PS-MSR is composed of (1 → 3)-linked glucosyl units and (2 → 3)-linked fructosyl units. In addition, the 1D and 2D NMR spectra of the PS-MSR sample display the repeating unit of the isolated polysaccharide, [→3)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3)-β-d-Frucf-(2 → 3)-β-d-Frucf-2 → 3)-)-β-d-Frucf-β-(2→] n . Interestingly, the PS-MSR sample exhibits outstanding antioxidant activity, signifying the potential utilization of the explored polysaccharide for antioxidant-based material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Le
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Lam Son Le
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Van Thi Tran
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Anh Vu Ho
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Minh Tran
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Nhung Nguyen
- Department
of Science and Technology of Thua Thien Hue, Technical Center for Quality Measurement Standards, Hue City530000, Vietnam
| | - Viet Thang Nguyen
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Trang Le
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Hue530000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Chien Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang550000, Vietnam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute
of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02841, Republic
of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang S, Wang L, Fu Y, Jiang JC. Bioactive constituents, nutritional benefits and woody food applications of Castanea mollissima: A comprehensive review. Food Chem 2022; 393:133380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
21
|
Zeng Z, Chang X, Zhang D, Chen H, Zhong X, Xie Y, Yu Q, Yan C. Structural elucidation and anti-neuroinflammatory activity of Polygala tenuifolia polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1284-1296. [PMID: 36037912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia is extensively used to treat amnesia in traditional Chinese medicine, and pharmacological studies have reported the beneficial effects of P. tenuifolia on intelligence and cognition. In the present study, the crude polysaccharide alkali-extracted from P. tenuifolia roots (PTB) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia/astrocyte activation and significantly improved the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. To determine its bioactive components, a heteropolysaccharide (PTBP-1-3) was isolated from PTB. Structural analysis showed that PTBP-1-3 was composed of α-L-Araf-(1 → , → 3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, β-D-Xylp-(1→, →2,3,4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, α-L-Rhap-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, and →2,4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → residues. PTBP-1-3 decreased the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia cells in a manner similar to that of minocycline. In conclusion, PTBP-1-3 exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation, and could be one of the bioactive ingredients in PTB for anti-neuroinflammation. PTB and PTBP-1-3 may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zeng
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Chang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yikun Xie
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Z, Mwizerwa Muhindo E, Wang S, Yun L, Zhang M. Structural characteristics and immunostimulatory activity of sea cucumber tendon polysaccharides in cyclophosphamide-induced Balb/c mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8627-8642. [PMID: 35894650 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00942k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber tendon, one of the main parts of sea cucumber viscera, is widely accepted as a waste residue. In this study, a sea cucumber tendon polysaccharide (SCTPII) was purified from sea cucumber tendons and its primary structures and immunomodulatory activity were investigated. SCTPII is a triple-helix conformation homogeneous polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 3.97 × 106 Da that consists of glucose and fucose with molar ratios of 92.09% and 7.91% with high thermostability. In vivo tests on immunosuppressed Balb/c mice revealed that compared with the model group, the proliferation of T cells and B cells in splenic lymphocytes of mice in the high-dose group was significantly improved by 0.92 times and 5.14 times, respectively. Additionally, SCTPII could improve the proliferation ability and phagocytosis of macrophages, as well as promoting the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ and enhancing the intestinal physical barrier function by increasing the protein expression of claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed, and gene count and α-diversity analysis revealed that SCTPs could improve the microbial community richness. In particular, SCTPs could increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Akkermansia and reduce the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. These results demonstrate that SCPII possesses potential immunoregulatory activities in cyclophosphamide-induced mice by regulating intestinal microbiota diversity and improving immune organs, enhancing the proliferation ability of macrophages and splenocyte proliferation, and enhancing intestinal physical barrier function, which might provide important evidence for the development and utilization of the viscera of sea cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Esther Mwizerwa Muhindo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Songjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Liyuan Yun
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. .,China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng X, Wang P, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Yao C, Tian G, Liu Q. A Novel Polysaccharide From Heimioporus retisporus Displays Hypoglycemic Activity in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:964948. [PMID: 35898716 PMCID: PMC9311259 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.964948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide, Heimioporus retisporus Polysaccharide (HRP) was extracted from the edible mushroom Heimioporus retisporus. HRP had weight-average molecular weight 1,949 kDa and number-average molecular weight 873 kDa, and its major components were arabinose (0.71%), galactose (12.93%), glucose (49.00%), xylose (8.59%), mannose (17.78%), and glucuronic acid (10.99%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that HRP was composed of 1,3-linked β-D-glucose, 1,6-linked β-D-mannose, 1,6-linked β-D-galactose, 1,4-linked β-D-galactose, 1,4-linked β-D-xylose, and 1,5-linked α-L-arabinose. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that degradation temperature (T0) of HRP was 200°C. In an STZ-induced diabetic mouse model, oral administration of HRP (40 mg/kg/d) for 28 days significantly reduced blood glucose levels, and reduced heart organ index by decreasing expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. Our findings indicate hypoglycemic effect of HRP, and its potential application as a hypoglycemic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Feng
- Department of Vegetables, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Vegetables, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiao Lu
- Department of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Tangshan College, Tangshan, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxin Yao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guoting Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghong Liu,
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Vegetables, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Guoting Tian,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hui H, Gao W. Structure characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of an arabinogalactoglucan from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:346-357. [PMID: 35276291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An arabinogalactoglucan SBP-1 was purified from Scutellaria baicalensis by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The structure of SBP-1 was characterized using HPLC, IR, GC-MS, 1-D and 2-D NMR. The antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of SBP-1 was investigated by vitro evaluation. The results showed that SBP-1 was composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.0:5.9:1.1 and its Mw were 91,156. The backbone of SBP-1 was mainly composed of repeating →1)-α-D-Glcp-(4 → 1)-α-D-Glcp-(3 → 1)-α-D-Galp-(4→. The braches were composed of →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→, which mainly substituted at O-6 of Glc, while terminal residue was α-L-Araf-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→. Vitro bioactivity showed that SBP-1 had dose-dependent antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. The scavenging rate on ABTS, DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals was all beyond 60% as SBP-1 concentration reached 4 mg/mL, and the inhibition rate on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was both more than 80%, which was closely to that of acarbose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Hui
- Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China.
| | - Weijun Gao
- Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu G, Zhang J, Kan Q, Song M, Hou T, An S, Lin H, Chen H, Hu L, Xiao J, Chen Y, Cao Y. Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity of a High Molecular Weight Polysaccharide From Ganoderma lucidum. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846080. [PMID: 35399669 PMCID: PMC8990850 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activity. Unfortunately, the structure and immunomodulatory activity of GLP are still unclear. GLP was separated into two fractions [high Mw Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RGLP) and low Mw EGLP] using 10 kDa cut-off ultrafiltration membrane. Although the RGLP content was low in GLP, the immunomodulatory activity in RGLP was significantly higher than that of EGLP. Moreover, RGLP was further separated via the Sephacryl column to obtain RGLP-1 showed the best immunomodulatory activity in the macrophage RAW264.7 model. Structural analysis revealed that RGLP-1 was 3,978 kDa and mainly consisted of glucose. Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and methylation results indicated that RGLP-1 is a β-pyran polysaccharide mainly with 1→3, 1→4, 1→6, and 1→3, 6 glycosyl bonds at a molar ratio of 40.08: 8.11: 5.62: 17.81. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Congo red experiments revealed that RGLP-1 intertwined with each other to form circular aggregates and might possess a globular structure with triple-helix conformation in water. Overall, these results provide RGLP-1 as a potential functional food ingredient or pharmaceutical for immunomodulatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Kan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Liuyun Hu
- Infinitus China Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu Q, Chen W, Zhong J, Huang D, Shi W, Chen H, Yan C. Purification, structural characterization, and bioactivities of a polysaccharide from
Coreopsis tinctoria. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Clinical Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Clinical Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Dong Huang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Wenting Shi
- School of Clinical Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Clinical Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Development and characterization of azadirachta indica gum-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) crosslinked co-polymeric hydrogels for drug delivery applications. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Cui Y, Liu X, Yi J, Kang Q, Hao L, Lu J. Cognition of polysaccharides from confusion to clarity: when the next "omic" will come? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34845952 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2007045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the accelerated pace of modern life, people are facing more and more health pressure. The study of polysaccharides seemed a good choice as a potential treasure trove. Polysaccharides, one of the four basic substances (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates) that constitute life activities, are obviously an underrated macromolecular substance with great potential. Compared with protein and nucleic acid, the research of polysaccharides is still in the primary stage. The relationship between structure and function of polysaccharides is not clear. In this review, we highlighted the main methods of extraction, purification and structure identification of polysaccharides; summarized their biological activities including immunoregulation, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-coagulation, and so on. Particularly, the relationship between their structures and activities was described. In addition, the applications of polysaccharides in health food, medicine and cosmetics were also reviewed. This review can help polysaccharide researchers quickly understand the whole process of polysaccharides research, and also provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization of polysaccharides. We need to standardize the research of polysaccharides to make the experimental data more universal, and take it as important references in the review process. Glycomic may appear as the next "omic" after genomic and proteomic in the future. This review provides support for the advancement of glycomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Joint Research Center for Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Structure and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble α-glucan from Hirsutella sinensis mycelia. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:857-868. [PMID: 34464642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hirsutella sinensis, the anamorph of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis), is a great substitute for precious and rare wild Cordyceps sinensis to effectively treat a variety of lung and kidney diseases. In this study, an α-glucan (named as HSWP-2a) was obtained by hot water extraction, DEAE-cellulose separation, and Sepharose CL-6B purification from H. sinensis mycelia. Different from known α-glucans, HSWP-2a is an α-(1 → 4)-D-glucan that branched at O-6, O-3, or O-2 with a terminal 1-linked α-D-Glcp as side chain, with an average molecular weight of 870.70 kDa. Immunological tests showed that HSWP-2a could remarkably enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages and increase the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, via activating the p38, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover, HSWP-2a could significantly promote splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Taken together, HSWP-2a may be potentially utilized as a natural immunomodulatory agent.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu M, Xia Y, Xie W, Li Y, Yu X, Zheng J, Zhang Y. Enzymatic extraction of pectic oligosaccharides from finger citron ( Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle) pomace with antioxidant potential. Food Funct 2021; 12:9855-9865. [PMID: 34664579 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Finger citron pomace is a cheap and renewable by-product of the citrus processing industry, representing up to 60% of the fruit biomass. In this study, a pectinase-based and ultrasonic-assisted method was firstly used to extract pectic oligosaccharides (POS) from finger citron pomace. Using the orthogonal experiment design (OED), the maximum conversion rate of up to 64.5% from pomace to POS was obtained under the extraction conditions of 0.25 mg mL-1 pectinase and 50 mg mL-1 pectin at 45 °C and pH 4.5 for 2 h. The extracted POS was then fractionated and purified to homogeneous oligosaccharides (FCPOS-1) with a molecular weight of 2.15 kDa, and the analyses of monosaccharide composition, FTIR, NMR and ESI-MS indicated that FCPOS-1 consisted of GalA and a small amount of mannose, galactose and arabinose. Multiple antioxidant activity assays in vitro revealed that FCPOS-1 possessed remarkable antioxidant properties, especially scavenging activity against DPPH radicals up to 94.07%. FCPOS-1 has the potential to be an effective natural antioxidant for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yuandan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wangling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yunlong Li
- Zhejiang Fomdas Foods Co., Ltd, Meizhu Agro Product Processing Park, Xinchang 312500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li J, Zhang Y, Yang S, Lu Z, Li G, Liu J, Zhou B, Wu D, Wang L. Isolation, Purification, Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity Analysis of α-Glucans from Spirulina platensis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21384-21394. [PMID: 34471742 PMCID: PMC8387993 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Crude polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis (SP) were isolated by maceration with a hot alkali solution and further fractionated by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography into two purified fractions PSP-1 and PSP-2. The monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that SP was mainly composed of rhamnose and glucose, while PSP-1 and PSP-2 were composed only of glucose. The composition analysis of PSP-1 and PSP-2 by HPLC, FT-IR, and NMR showed that PSP-1 and PSP-2 were branching dextran, and their structures were (1 → 4)-linked-α-D-Glcp as the main chain, and C-6 replaced the single α-D-Glcp as the linear structure of the branch chain. The glucans (SP/PSP-1/PSP-2) can significantly improve the phagocytic ability of macrophages, enhance iNOS activity, promote NO production, and increase IL-6 mRNA expression, so they may possess certain immunomodulatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional
Food, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shen Yang
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional
Food, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional
Food, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Guiling Li
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional
Food, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional
Food, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department
of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Daren Wu
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional
Food, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College
of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei
University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang L, Zhang P, Li C, Chen J. Antioxidant and digestion properties of polysaccharides from
Rosa roxburghii
Tratt fruit and polysacchride‐iron (III) complex. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang YX, Yin JY, Zhang T, Xin Y, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Utilizing relative ordered structure theory to guide polysaccharide purification for structural characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Metabolomic analysis of antimicrobial mechanism of polysaccharides from Sparassis crispa based on HPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Carbohydr Res 2021; 503:108299. [PMID: 33836411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of antibiotics makes antibiotic-resistance become a huge challenge in bacterial infection treatment. The discovery of new antibiotics is of great significance to human health. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) was explored. The SCPs isolated from Sparassis crispa was composed of fucose, glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.043 : 0.652: 0.305. Bacteriostatic tests showed SCPs inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus better than Escherichia coli's, and damage to bacteria was observed under scanning electron microscopy. Metabolomic analysis based on HPLC-Q-TOF/MS indicated that SCPs disrupted metabolism of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways in S. aureus. The variations of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 1,3-diphosphoglycerol, succinate and oxaloacetate were significant, whose systematic changes accompanied with decrease of ATP in cells indicated that SCPs could exert antibacterial effects by inducing dysfunction of catabolism and energy metabolism. Our research confirmed the antibacterial properties of SCPs and provided a perspective for understanding antibacterial mechanism of polysaccharides from natural products through metabolomics technology.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu Q, Chen W, Zhong J, Qing D, Yan C. Structural elucidation of three novel oligosaccharides from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flower tea and their bioactivities. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112032. [PMID: 33529680 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coreopsis tinctoria is commonly called Kunlun Chrysanthemum and a plateau plant with tremendous commercial value in functional tea and medicinal applications. In folk medicine, Kunlun Chrysanthemum flower is often used as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. To further explore the chemicals responsible for the health benefits of Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers, three homogeneous oligosaccharides, CT70-1A, CT70-1B and CT70-2 were isolated, and their detailed structures were determined from chemical and spectral analyses. The three oligosaccharides were composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose in different ratios. They showed dose-dependent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. In addition, they showed NO production inhibitory activities in BV2 cells, with IC50 values of 0.23, 0.24 and 0.27 mM, respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that Kunlun Chrysanthemum oligosaccharides might ameliorate hyperglycemia and neuroinflammation, which could prevent the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This study provides chemical and bioactive perspectives that support the consumption of Kunlun Chrysanthemum flower tea for health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Degang Qing
- Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnodrug, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Structural properties and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of an arabinofuranan from the fruits of Akebia quinata. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 256:117521. [PMID: 33483042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In our continuous searching for natural active polysaccharides with immunomodulatory activity, an arabinofuranan (AQP70-3) was isolated and purified from the fruits of Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. by using ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography for the first time. AQP70-3 contained both α-l-Araf and β-l-Araf, and the absolute molecular weight was 1.06 × 104 g/mol. The backbone of AQP70-3 comprised →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, and →2,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, with branches of →1)-β-l-Arafand →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues. Biological assay suggested that AQP70-3 can stimulate phagocytic activity and promote the levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, AQP70-3 was found to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO in zebrafish embryo model.
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo T, Yang Y, Gao M, Qu Y, Guo X, Liu Y, Cui X, Wang C. Lepidium meyenii Walpers polysaccharide and its cationic derivative re-educate tumor-associated macrophages for synergistic tumor immunotherapy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116904. [PMID: 33049880 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we developed a synergistic chemo-immunotherapy using doxorubicin (Dox) and a natural polysaccharide as immunomodulator. First, we isolated a polysaccharide (MPW) from the root of Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca) and characterized its chemical properties. MPW contains → 4) -α-D-Glcp- (1 → glycosidic bonds, while the terminal α-D-Glcp- (1 → group is connected to the main chain through an O-6 bond. This polysaccharide was then modified by cationization (C-MPW) to enhance immunoregulatory activity. MPW and C-MPW were combined with Dox and their chemo-immunotherapy effects on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were assessed. Results indicated that the combination of MPW/C-MPW exerted a stronger anti-tumor effect than Dox alone, while reducing systemic toxicity and inhibiting tumor metastasis. In addition, MPW and C-MPW exerted tumor immunotherapy effects through the NF-κB, STAT1, and STAT3 signaling pathways, redirecting TAMs to the M1 phenotype that facilitates immunological responses against tumors. As a result, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was remodeled into an immune-activated state due to enhanced secretion of IL-12, TNF-α, and INF-γ. Moreover, C-MPW exerted a stronger immunomodulatory effect than MPW. In conclusion, MPW and its cationic derivative are promising tools for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mingju Gao
- Wenshan University, Yunnan Province, Wenshan, 663000, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxi Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Qian K, Tan T, Ouyang H, Yang SL, Zhu WF, Liu RH, Wen Q, Feng YL. Structural characterization of a homopolysaccharide with hypoglycemic activity from the roots of Pueraria lobata. Food Funct 2020; 11:7104-7114. [PMID: 32744543 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble neutral homopolysaccharide (PLP-1) was obtained from the roots of Pueraria lobata by DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography purification. The average molecular weight of PLP-1 was 16.2 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that PLP-1 was composed of glucose as a glucan. The structure of PLP-1 was characterized on the basis of extensive physical and chemical analysis, which indicated that the backbone of PLP-1 was mainly composed of →3)-α-d-Glcp(1→ and →4)-β-d-Glcp(1→ with a molar ratio of 7.0 : 1.0. Moreover, the hypoglycemic activity of PLP-1 was investigated by palmitic acid and high glucose induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells. The results elucidated that PLP-1 could decrease the glucose concentration by up-regulating the expression of PI3K and AKT, and down-regulating the expression of FoxO1, PCK2, and G6Pase in insulin resistant cells. Therefore, PLP-1 could serve as a dietary supplement to ameliorate insulin resistance for diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qian
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao B, Wang XY, Luo W, Lin Y, Lv CN, Lu JC. Isolation and structural elucidation of a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:493-500. [PMID: 32603191 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1788025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A low-molecular-weight polysaccharide named MCGP-L was extracted and purified from the roots of Mountain cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). The polysaccharide MCGP-L was purified by molecular exclusion chromatography using the Sephadex G-25 column. The average molecular weight of MCGP-L was estimated to be 3 × 103 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed MCGP-L was composed of three kinds of monosaccharide: D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of MCGP-L were investigated by the combination of chemical and instrumental analysis such as methylation analysis, High Performance Gel-Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The backbone of MCGP-L was composed of (1→4)-linked-α-D-Glcp residues and with branch chain substituted at O-6 position of (1→4,6)-linked-α-D-Glcp. The branch chain consists of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →2)-α-D-Manp-(1→ and β-D-Glcp-(1→.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ying Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Chong-Ning Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Structural characteristics and rheological properties of high viscous glucan from fruit body of Dictyophora rubrovolvata. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
42
|
Optimizing the Extraction of Polysaccharides from Bletilla ochracea Schltr. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Evaluating their Antioxidant Activity. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bletilla ochracea Schltr. polysaccharides (BOP) have a similar structure to Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (Orchidaceae) polysaccharides (BSP). Therefore, BOP can be considered as a substitute for BSP in the food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics fields. To the best of our knowledge, little information is available regarding the optimization of extraction and antioxidant activity of BOP. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was firstly used for optimizing the extraction parameters of BOP. The results suggested that the optimal conditions included a temperature of 82 °C, a duration of 85 min and a liquid/material ratio of 30 mL/g. In these conditions, we received 26.45% ± 0.18% as the experimental yield. In addition, BOP exhibited strong concentration-dependent antioxidant abilities in vitro. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of BOP against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+·), hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide anion (·O2−) radicals and ferrous ions (Fe2+) were determined as 692.16, 224.09, 542.22, 600.53 and 515.70 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that BOP can be a potential natural antioxidant, deserving further investigation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Fractionation, structure and conformation characterization of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 231:115688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
44
|
Zhao B, Wang X, Liu H, Lv C, Lu J. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:737-745. [PMID: 32027898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of present work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides from mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and cultivated ginseng (CG). The antioxidant activity of total oligosaccharides from MCG and CG were compared preliminary. And then, the total oligosaccharides of MCG, which displayed stronger activity than that of CG, were separated by Carbon-Celite column and eluted with water and ethanol of different concentrations (30%, 50%, 70%, 95%, v/v). Five fractions, MCGOS-H2O, MCGOS-30, MCGOS-50, MCGOS-70, MCGOS-95, were obtained. Seven oligosaccharides were purified from MCGOS-30-MCGOS-95. The structure features of oligosaccharides (MCGO-1-MCGO-7) were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), methylation and gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS), as well as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ABTS radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power assay were adopted for antioxidant activity of all the different oligosaccharides sub-fraction. The result showed that the fractions of MCGOS-70 and MCGOS-95 exhibited significant radical scavenging activity with DPPH and ABTS. In conclusion, the oligosaccharides from MCG possessed the significant antioxidant activity. Therefore, we propose that the oligosaccharides from Panax ginseng can be developed as natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xinying Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chongning Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jincai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Structural characterization and antineuroinflammatory activity of a novel heteropolysaccharide obtained from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
46
|
Mtetwa MD, Qian L, Zhu H, Cui F, Zan X, Sun W, Wu D, Yang Y. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Acanthus ilicifolius. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
47
|
Liu XX, Liu HM, Yan YY, Fan LY, Yang JN, Wang XD, Qin GY. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from jujube using subcritical water. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
48
|
Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang C, Fu S, Zhang J, Fu C. Extraction, structural characterization, and immunoregulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:314-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
49
|
Capillary electrophoresis fingerprints combined with Linear Quantitative Profiling Method to monitor the quality consistency and predict the antioxidant activity of Alkaloids of Sophora flavescens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121827. [PMID: 31756622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids of Sophora flavescens (ASF) has various pharmacological effects, and it is widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this research was to develop an environmentally friendly methodology that enables not only identification but also the quality consistency assessment of Alkaloids of Sophora flavescens. A background electrolyte composed of 50 mmol/L sodium tetraborate solution, 500 mmol/L boric acid and 1.2 mmol/L citric acid was used to conduct the fingerprint analysis coupled with quantitative determination of three components. Linear quantitative profiling method was used for comprehensive quality discrimination of the test samples from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, and the 27 batches of samples were well differentiated. In addition, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between chemical components and antioxidant activity in vitro was established using partial least squares regression model, which provided important medicinal efficacy information for quality control.
Collapse
|
50
|
Yin Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu H, Guo Q, Chen L, Wang J, Kang W. Two Novel Polysaccharides in Psoralea corylifolia L and anti-A549 Lung Cancer Cells Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:E3733. [PMID: 31623207 PMCID: PMC6833038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel water soluble heteroglycan (PCp-I and PCp-II) with anti-A549 lung cancer cells activity were isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. Their average molecular weights were 2.721 × 104 and 2.850 × 104. PCp-I and PCp-II had the same monosaccharide composition, but their molar ratios were different. Based on methylation and NMR spectroscopy, the part structure of PCp-I was identified. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that PCp-I had an irregular porous structure and PCp-II was flaky and irregularly curved. The results of thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) showed that PCp-I and PCp-II had good thermal stability. Furthermore, PCp-I and PCp-II exhibited significant anti-A549 lung cancer cells activity (IC50 = 64.84 and 126.30 μM) in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Huili Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, China.
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|