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Cui L, Sun H, Shang X, Wen J, Li P, Yang S, Chen L, Huang X, Li H, Yin R, Zhao J. Purification and Structural Analyses of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Low-Value Sea Cucumber Stichopus naso and Anticoagulant Activities of Its Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:265. [PMID: 38921576 PMCID: PMC11204762 DOI: 10.3390/md22060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three polysaccharides (SnNG, SnFS and SnFG) were purified from the body wall of Stichopus naso. The physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sulfate content, and optical rotation, were analyzed, confirming that SnFS and SnFG are sulfated polysaccharides commonly found in sea cucumbers. The highly regular structure {3)-L-Fuc2S-(α1,}n of SnFS was determined via a detailed NMR analysis of its oxidative degradation product. By employing β-elimination depolymerization of SnFG, tri-, penta-, octa-, hendeca-, tetradeca-, and heptadeca-saccharides were obtained from the low-molecular-weight product. Their well-defined structures confirmed that SnFG possessed the backbone of {D-GalNAc4S6S-β(1,4)-D-GlcA}, and each GlcA residue was branched with Fuc2S4S. SnFS and SnFG are both structurally the simplest version of natural fucan sulfate and fucosylated glycosaminoglycan, facilitating the application of low-value sea cucumbers S. naso. Bioactivity assays showed that SnFG and its derived oligosaccharides exhibited potent anticoagulation and intrinsic factor Xase (iXase) inhibition. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the series of oligosaccharides solely branched with Fuc3S4S showed that in oligosaccharides with lower degrees of polymerization, such as octasaccharides, Fuc2S4S led to a greater increase in APTT prolongation and iXase inhibition. As the degree of polymerization increases, the influence from the sulfation pattern diminishes, until it is overshadowed by the effects of molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huifang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaolei Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China;
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengtao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Linxia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiangyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haoyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ronghua Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
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Dwivedi R, Maurya AK, Ahmed H, Farrag M, Pomin VH. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based structural elucidation of novel marine glycans and derived oligosaccharides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:269-285. [PMID: 37439410 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine glycans of defined structures are unique representatives among all kinds of structurally complex glycans endowed with important biological actions. Besides their unique biological properties, these marine sugars also enable advanced structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies given their distinct and defined structures. However, the natural high molecular weights (MWs) of these marine polysaccharides, sometimes even bigger than 100 kDa, pose a problem in many biophysical and analytical studies. Hence, the preparation of low MW oligosaccharides becomes a strategy to overcome the problem. Regardless of the polymeric or oligomeric lengths of these molecules, structural elucidation is mandatory for SAR studies. For this, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays a pivotal role. Here, we revisit the NMR-based structural elucidation of a series of marine sulfated poly/oligosaccharides discovered in our laboratory within the last 2 years. This set of structures includes the α-glucan extracted from the bivalve Marcia hiantina; the two sulfated galactans extracted from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis; the fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Pentacta pygmaea; the oligosaccharides produced from the fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from this sea cucumber species and from another species, Holothuria floridana; and the sulfated fucan from this later species. Specific 1H and 13C chemical shifts, generated by various 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectra, are exploited as the primary source of information in the structural elucidation of these marine glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Antim K Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Anisimova NY, Nikogosova SP, Dmitrenok AS, Tsvetkova EA, Panina EG, Sanamyan NP, Avilov SA, Stonik VA, Kiselevskiy MV, Usov AI, Nifantiev NE. Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfates with Rare Disaccharide Branches from the Sea Cucumbers Psolus peronii and Holothuria nobilis: Structures and Influence on Hematopoiesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1673. [PMID: 38139800 PMCID: PMC10748315 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two fucosylated chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the sea cucumbers Psolus peronii and Holothuria nobilis using a conventional extraction procedure in the presence of papain, followed by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. Their composition was characterized in terms of quantitative monosaccharide and sulfate content, and structures were mainly elucidated using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. As revealed by the data of the NMR spectra, both polysaccharides along with the usual fucosyl branches contained rare disaccharide branches α-D-GalNAc4S6R-(1→2)-α-L-Fuc3S4R → attached to O-3 of the GlcA of the backbone (R = H or SO3-). The polysaccharides were studied as stimulators of hematopoiesis in vitro using mice bone marrow cells as the model. The studied polysaccharides were shown to be able to directly stimulate the proliferation of various progenitors of myelocytes and megakaryocytes as well as lymphocytes and mesenchymal cells in vitro. Therefore, the new fucosylated chondroitin sulfates can be regarded as prototype structures for the further design of GMP-compatible synthetic analogs for the development of new-generation hematopoiesis stimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E. Ustyuzhanina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Maria I. Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Natalia Yu. Anisimova
- FSBI N.E.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115458, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Sofya P. Nikogosova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Andrey S. Dmitrenok
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Evgenia A. Tsvetkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Elena G. Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia; (E.G.P.); (N.P.S.)
| | - Nadezhda P. Sanamyan
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia; (E.G.P.); (N.P.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.A.A.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.A.A.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy
- FSBI N.E.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115458, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Anatolii I. Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
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Kiselevskiy MV, Anisimova NY, Bilan MI, Usov AI, Ustyuzhanina NE, Petkevich AA, Shubina IZ, Morozevich GE, Nifantiev NE. Prospects for the Use of Marine Sulfated Fucose-Rich Polysaccharides in Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1109-1122. [PMID: 36325402 PMCID: PMC9584273 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of the new coronavirus infection that appeared in 2019 (COVID-19) range from low fever and fatigue to acute pneumonia and multiple organ failure. The clinical picture of COVID-19 is heterogeneous and involves most physiological systems; therefore, drugs with a wide spectrum of mechanism of action are required. The choice of the treatment strategy for post-COVID-19 syndrome is still a challenge to be resolved. Polysaccharides with a high fucose content derived from seaweed and marine animals can form the basis for the subsequent development of promising agents for the treatment of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome. This class of biopolymers is characterized by a variety of biological activities, including antiviral, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, hemo-stimulating, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory. Low molecular weight derivatives of these polysaccharides, as well as synthetic oligosaccharides with a sufficient amount and sulfation type may be considered as the most promising compounds due to their better bioavailability, which undoubtedly increases their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Kiselevskiy
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115552 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Yu. Anisimova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115552 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. I. Bilan
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. I. Usov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. E. Ustyuzhanina
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Petkevich
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115552 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. Zh. Shubina
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115552 Moscow, Russia
| | - G. E. Morozevich
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Novel and Promising Strategies for Therapy of Post-Transplant Chronic GVHD. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091100. [PMID: 36145321 PMCID: PMC9503665 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the achievements that have increased viability after the transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (aHSCT), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains the main cause of late complications and post-transplant deaths. At the moment, therapy alternatives demonstrate limited effectiveness in steroid-refractory illness; in addition, we have no reliable data on the mechanism of this condition. The lack of drugs of choice for the treatment of GVHD underscores the significance of the design of new therapies. Improved understanding of the mechanism of chronic GVHD has secured new therapy goals, and organized diagnostic recommendations and the development of medical tests have ensured a general language and routes for studies in this field. These factors, combined with the rapid development of pharmacology, have helped speed up the search of medicines and medical studies regarding chronic GVHD. At present, we can hope for success in curing this formidable complication. This review summarizes the latest clinical developments in new treatments for chronic GVHD.
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Fucose-Rich Sulfated Polysaccharides from Two Vietnamese Sea Cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera: Structures and Anticoagulant Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060380. [PMID: 35736183 PMCID: PMC9228488 DOI: 10.3390/md20060380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) FCS-BA and FCS-HS, as well as fucan sulfates (FSs) FS-BA-AT and FS-HS-AT were isolated from the sea cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera, respectively. Purification of the polysaccharides was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel column. Structural characterization of polysaccharides was performed in terms of monosaccharide and sulfate content, as well as using a series of non-destructive NMR spectroscopic methods. Both FCSs were shown to contain a chondroitin core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→]n bearing sulfated fucosyl branches at O-3 of every GlcA residue in the chain. These fucosyl residues were different in pattern of sulfation: FCS-BA contained Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S at a ratio of 1:8:2, while FCS-HS contained these residues at a ratio of 2:2:1. Polysaccharides differed also in content of GalNAc4S6S and GalNAc4S units, the ratios being 14:1 for FCS-BA and 4:1 for FCS-HS. Both FCSs demonstrated significant anticoagulant activity in clotting time assay and potentiated inhibition of thrombin, but not of factor Xa. FS-BA-AT was shown to be a regular linear polymer of 4-linked α-L-fucopyranose 3-sulfate, the structure being confirmed by NMR spectra of desulfated polysaccharide. In spite of considerable sulfate content, FS-BA-AT was practically devoid of anticoagulant activity. FS-HS-AT cannot be purified completely from contamination of some FCS. Its structure was tentatively represented as a mixture of chains identical with FS-BA-AT and other chains built up of randomly sulfated alternating 4- and 3-linked α-L-fucopyranose residues.
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Anisimova NY, Dmitrenok AS, Tsvetkova EA, Kiselevskiy MV, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Depolymerization of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Cucumaria japonica: Structure and activity of the product. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 281:119072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Couto MR, Rodrigues JL, Rodrigues LR. Heterologous production of chondroitin. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 33:e00710. [PMID: 35242620 PMCID: PMC8858990 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan with a growing variety of applications. CS can be produced from microbial fermentation of native or engineered strains. Synthetic biology tools are being used to improve CS yields in different hosts. Integrated polymerization and sulfation can generate cost-effective CS.
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan with a broad range of applications being a popular dietary supplement for osteoarthritis. Usually, CS is extracted from animal sources. However, the known risks of animal products use have been driving the search for alternative methods and sources to obtain this compound. Several pathogenic bacteria naturally produce chondroitin-like polysaccharides through well-known pathways and, therefore, have been the basis for numerous studies that aim to produce chondroitin using non-pathogenic hosts. However, the yields obtained are not enough to meet the high demand for this glycosaminoglycan. Metabolic engineering strategies have been used to construct improved heterologous hosts. The identification of metabolic bottlenecks and regulation points, and the screening for efficient enzymes are key points for constructing microbial cell factories with improved chondroitin yields to achieve industrial CS production. The recent advances on enzymatic and microbial strategies to produce non-animal chondroitin are herein reviewed. Challenges and prospects for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia R. Couto
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana L. Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lígia R. Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Ai C, Tian W, Wen C, Song S, Zhu B. An acidic polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis skirt prevents obesity and improves gut microbiota and metabolism of mice induced by high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2022; 154:110980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Xu H, Zhou Q, Liu B, Chen F, Wang M. Holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and their potential benefits for human health: Structures and biological activities. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118691. [PMID: 34742418 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCS) are a sulfated polysaccharide exclusively existing in the body wall of sea cucumber. FCS possesses a mammalian chondroitin sulfate like backbone, namely repeating disaccharides units composed of GlcA and GalNAc, with fucosyl branches linked to GlcA and/or GalNAc residues. It is found that FCS can prevent unhealthy dietary pattern-induced metabolic syndromes, including insulin resistance and β-cell function improvement, anti-inflammation, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-adipogenesis. Further studies show that those activities of FCS might be achieved through positively modulating gut microbiota composition. Besides, FCS also show therapeutic efficacy in cancer, HIV infection, and side effects of cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, bioactivities of FCS are closely affected by their molecular weights, sulfation pattern of the fucosyl branches, and chain conformations. This review summarizes the recent 20 years studies to provide references for the future studies and applications of FCS in functional foods or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Vessella G, Marchetti R, Del Prete A, Traboni S, Iadonisi A, Schiraldi C, Silipo A, Bedini E. Semisynthetic Isomers of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Polysaccharides with Fucosyl Branches at a Non-Natural Site. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5151-5161. [PMID: 34775751 PMCID: PMC8672353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The several interesting
activities detected for fucosylated chondroitin
sulfate (fCS) have fueled in the last years several efforts toward
the obtainment of fCS oligosaccharides and low molecular weight (LMW)
polysaccharides with a well-defined structure, in order to avoid the
problems associated with the potential employment of native, sea cucumber
sourced fCSs as a drug. Total synthesis and controlled depolymerization
of the natural fCS polysaccharides are the main approaches to this
aim; nonetheless, they present some limitations. These could be circumvented
by semisynthesis, a strategy relying upon the regioselective fucosylation
and sulfation of a microbial sourced polysaccharide sharing the same
chondroitin backbone of fCS but devoid of any fucose (Fuc) and sulfate
decoration on it. This approach is highly versatile, as it could open
access also to fCS isomers carrying Fuc and sulfate groups at non-natural
sites. Here we prepare for the first time some structurally homogeneous
fCS isomers through a multistep procedure with a glycosylation reaction
between a LMW polysaccharide acceptor and three different Fuc donors
as key step. The obtained products were subjected to a detailed structural
characterization by 2D-NMR. The conformational behavior was also investigated
by NMR and molecular dynamics simulation methods and compared with
data reported for natural fCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Del Prete
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via de Crecchio 7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Anisimova NY, Bilan MI, Donenko FV, Morozevich GE, Yashunskiy DV, Usov AI, Siminyan NG, Kirgisov KI, Varfolomeeva SR, Kiselevskiy MV, Nifantiev NE. Chondroitin Sulfate and Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate as Stimulators of Hematopoiesis in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1074. [PMID: 34832856 PMCID: PMC8623974 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppression and inhibition of hematopoiesis are considered to be reasons for the development of complications after intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), isolated from the fish Salmo salar, and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), isolated from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, were studied for their roles as stimulators of hematopoiesis in a model of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. The recombinant protein r G-CSF was applied as a reference. The studied polysaccharides were shown to stimulate the release of white and red blood cells, as well as platelets from bone marrow in immunosuppressed mice, while r G-CSF was only responsible for the significant increase in the level of leucocytes. The analysis of different populations of leucocytes in blood indicated that r G-CSF mainly stimulated the production of neutrophils, whereas in the cases of the studied saccharides, increases in the levels of monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were observed. The normalization of the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the serum and the recovery of cell populations in the spleen were observed in immunosuppressed mice following treatment with the polysaccharides. An increase in the proliferative activity of hematopoietic cells CD34(+)CD45(+) was observed following ex vivo polysaccharide exposure. Further study on related oligosaccharides regarding their potential as promising drugs in the complex prophylaxis and therapy of hematopoiesis inhibition after intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation seems to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E. Ustyuzhanina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.B.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Natalia Yu. Anisimova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (F.V.D.); (N.G.S.); (K.I.K.); (S.R.V.)
| | - Maria I. Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.B.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Fedor V. Donenko
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (F.V.D.); (N.G.S.); (K.I.K.); (S.R.V.)
| | - Galina E. Morozevich
- V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (G.E.M.); (D.V.Y.)
| | - Dmitriy V. Yashunskiy
- V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (G.E.M.); (D.V.Y.)
| | - Anatolii I. Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.B.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Nara G. Siminyan
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (F.V.D.); (N.G.S.); (K.I.K.); (S.R.V.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirgisov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (F.V.D.); (N.G.S.); (K.I.K.); (S.R.V.)
| | - Svetlana R. Varfolomeeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (F.V.D.); (N.G.S.); (K.I.K.); (S.R.V.)
| | - Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (F.V.D.); (N.G.S.); (K.I.K.); (S.R.V.)
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.B.); (A.I.U.)
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Liang B, Cai XY, Gu N. Marine Natural Products and Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:739932. [PMID: 34621803 PMCID: PMC8490644 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the major cause of mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income earners. To not only reduce angina symptoms and exercise-induced ischemia but also prevent cardiovascular events, pharmacological intervention strategies, including antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulant drugs, statins, and other lipid-lowering drugs, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, are conducted. However, the existing drugs for coronary artery disease are incomprehensive and have some adverse reactions. Thus, it is necessary to look for new drug research and development. Marine natural products have been considered a valuable source for drug discovery because of their chemical diversity and biological activities. The experiments and investigations indicated that several marine natural products, such as organic small molecules, polysaccharides, proteins, and bioactive peptides, and lipids were effective for treating coronary artery disease. Here, we particularly discussed the functions and mechanisms of active substances in coronary artery disease, including antiplatelet, anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Cai
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li X, Tang X, Wang Y, Chai C, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Peng Y, Wu L. CS-semi5 Inhibits NF-κB Activation to Block Synovial Inflammation, Cartilage Loss and Bone Erosion Associated With Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655101. [PMID: 34305585 PMCID: PMC8298759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease that affects 1% of the population. CS-semi5 is a semisynthetic chondroitin sulfate. In this study, CS-semi5 was shown to have positive effects on a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CS-semi5 treatment had obvious effects on weight loss and paw swelling in CIA mice. Post-treatment analysis revealed that CS-semi5 alleviated three main pathologies (i.e., synovial inflammation, cartilage erosion and bone loss) in a dose-dependent manner. Further study showed that CS-semi5 could effectively reduce TNF-α and IL-1β production in activated macrophages via the NF-κB pathway. CS-semi5 also blocked RANKL-trigged osteoclast differentiation from macrophages. Therefore, CS-semi5 may effectively ameliorate synovial inflammation, cartilage erosion and bone loss in RA through NF-κB deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Tang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Chai
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhehui Zhao
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianqiu Wu
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Dmitrenok AS, Tsvetkova EA, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Oversulfated dermatan sulfate and heparinoid in the starfish Lysastrosoma anthosticta: Structures and anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117867. [PMID: 33766355 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude anionic polysaccharides extracted from the Pacific starfish Lysastrosoma anthosticta were separated by anion-exchange chromatography into fractions LA-F1 and LA-F2. The main fraction LA-F1 was solvolytically desulfated giving rise to preparation LA-F1-DS with a structure of dermatan core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-α-l-IdoA-(1→]n. Reduction of LA-F1 afforded preparation LA-F1-RED composed mainly of the repeating disaccharide units →3)-β-d-GalNAc4R-(1→4)-α-l-Ido2S3S-(1→, where R was SO3- or H. Analysis of the NMR spectra of the parent fraction LA-F1 led to determine the main component as the oversulfated dermatan sulfate LA-Derm bearing sulfate groups at O-2 and O-3 of α-l-iduronic acid, as well as at O-4 of some N-acetyl-d-galactosamine residues. The minor fraction LA-F2 contained a mixture of LA-Derm and heparinoid LA-Hep, the latter being composed of the fragments →4)-α-d-GlcNS3S6S-(1→4)-α-l-IdoA2S3S-(1→ and →4)-α-d-GlcNS3S-(1→4)-α-l-IdoA2S3S-(1→. The presence of 2,3-di-O-sulfated iduronic acid residues is very unusual both for natural dermatan sulfate and heparinoid. Preparations LA-F1, LA-F2 and LA-F1-RED demonstrated significant anticoagulant effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E Ustyuzhanina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Maria I Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey S Dmitrenok
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenia A Tsvetkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anatolii I Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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16
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Doshi G, Nailwal N. A Review on Molecular Mechanisms and Patents of Marine-derived Anti-thrombotic Agents. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:318-335. [PMID: 33081673 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201020151927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a condition of major concern worldwide as it is associated with life-threatening diseases related to the cardiovascular system. The condition affects 1 in 1000 adults annually, whereas 1 in 4 dies due to thrombosis, and this increases as the age group increases. The major outcomes are considered to be a recurrence, bleeding due to commercially available anti-coagulants, and deaths. The side effects associated with available anti-thrombotic drugs are a point of concern. Therefore, it is necessary to discover and develop an improvised benefit-risk profile drug, therefore, in search of alternative therapy for the treatment of thrombosis, marine sources have been used as promising treatment agents. They have shown the presence of sulfated fucans/galactans, fibrinolytic proteases, diterpenes, glycosaminoglycan, glycoside, peptides, amino acids, sterols, polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Out of these marine sources, many chemicals were found to have anti-thrombotic activities. This review focuses on the recent discovery of anti-thrombotic agents obtained from marine algae, sponges, mussels, and sea cucumber, along with their mechanism of action and patents on its extraction process, preparation methods, and their applications. Further, the article concludes with the author's insight related to marine drugs, which have a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namrata Nailwal
- M. Pharm Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Li H, Yuan Q, Lv K, Ma H, Gao C, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhao L. Low-molecular-weight fucosylated glycosaminoglycan and its oligosaccharides from sea cucumber as novel anticoagulants: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Purification, structural characterization and anticoagulant activities of four sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3421-3428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfates from the Sea Cucumbers Paracaudina chilensis and Holothuria hilla: Structures and Anticoagulant Activity. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110540. [PMID: 33126758 PMCID: PMC7693656 DOI: 10.3390/md18110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) PC and HH were isolated from the sea cucumbers Paracaudina chilensis and Holothuria hilla, respectively. The purification of the polysaccharides was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sephacel column. The structural characterization of the polysaccharides was performed in terms of monosaccharide and sulfate content, as well as using a series of nondestructive NMR spectroscopic methods. Both polysaccharides were shown to contain a chondroitin core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc (N-acethyl galactosamine)-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA (glucuronic acid)-(1→]n, bearing sulfated fucosyl branches at O-3 of every GlcA residue in the chain. These fucosyl residues were different in their pattern of sulfation: PC contained Fuc2S4S and Fuc4S in a ratio of 2:1, whereas HH included Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S, and Fuc4S in a ratio of 1.5:1:1. Moreover, some GalNAc residues in HH were found to contain an unusual disaccharide branch Fuc4S-(1→2)-Fuc3S4S-(1→ at O-6. Sulfated GalNAc4S6S and GalNAc4S units were found in a ratio of 3:2 in PC and 2:1 in HH. Both polysaccharides demonstrated significant anticoagulant activity in a clotting time assay, which is connected with the ability of these FCSs to potentiate the inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa in the presence of anti-thrombin III (ATIII) and with the direct inhibition of thrombin in the absence of any cofactors.
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Dwivedi R, Pomin VH. Marine Antithrombotics. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100514. [PMID: 33066214 PMCID: PMC7602030 DOI: 10.3390/md18100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis remains a prime reason of mortality worldwide. With the available antithrombotic drugs, bleeding remains the major downside of current treatments. This raises a clinical concern for all patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy. Novel antithrombotics from marine sources offer a promising therapeutic alternative to this pathology. However, for any potential new molecule to be introduced as a real alternative to existing drugs, the exhibition of comparable anticoagulant potential with minimal off-target effects must be achieved. The relevance of marine antithrombotics, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, is largely due to their unique mechanisms of action and lack of bleeding. There have been many investigations in the field and, in recent years, results have confirmed the role of potential marine molecules as alternative antithrombotics. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are required. This review covers the core of the data available so far regarding the science of marine molecules with potential medical applications to treat thrombosis. After a general discussion about the major biochemical steps involved in this pathology, we discuss the key structural and biomedical aspects of marine molecules of both low and high molecular weight endowed with antithrombotic/anticoagulant properties.
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21
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Jiang S, Yin H, Qi X, Song W, Shi W, Mou J, Yang J. Immunomodulatory effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Stichopus chloronotus on RAW 264.7 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117088. [PMID: 33142629 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers were nutritional food and traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (fCS-Sc), a potential anticoagulant agent and immunological adjuvant, was investigated for its immune activation effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage for the first time. The results indicated that fCS-Sc could significantly promote the proliferation, the pinocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells, and the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The fluorescence labeling assay indicated that fCS-Sc could bind to the macrophage. Moreover, the specific pattern recognition receptor inhibition assays showed that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 were involved in the recognition of fCS-Sc. Western blot assays indicated that fCS-Sc could induce degradation of cytoplasm IκB-α, and promotion of NF-κB p65 subunit translocation to nucleus, leading to a functional improvement of macrophage through NF-κB pathway. The results suggested that fCS-Sc might served as a promising candidate of immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huanan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Mou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Weifang Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Weifang Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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22
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Vessella G, Traboni S, Laezza A, Iadonisi A, Bedini E. (Semi)-Synthetic Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Oligo- and Polysaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E293. [PMID: 32492857 PMCID: PMC7345195 DOI: 10.3390/md18060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fCS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharide with a unique structure, displaying a backbone composed of alternating N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and d-glucuronic acid (GlcA) units on which l-fucose (Fuc) branches are installed. fCS shows several potential biomedical applications, with the anticoagulant activity standing as the most promising and widely investigated one. Natural fCS polysaccharides extracted from marine organisms (Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) present some advantages over a largely employed antithrombotic drug such as heparin, but some adverse effects as well as a frequently found structural heterogeneity hamper its development as a new drug. To circumvent these drawbacks, several efforts have been made in the last decade to obtain synthetic and semi-synthetic fCS oligosaccharides and low molecular weight polysaccharides. In this Review we have for the first time collected these reports together, dividing them in two topics: (i) total syntheses of fCS oligosaccharides and (ii) semi-synthetic approaches to fCS oligosaccharides and low molecular weight polysaccharides as well as glycoclusters displaying multiple copies of fCS species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.V.); (S.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.V.); (S.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.V.); (S.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.V.); (S.T.); (A.I.)
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Chahed L, Balti R, Elhiss S, Bouchemal N, Ajzenberg N, Ollivier V, Chaubet F, Maaroufi RM, Mansour MB. Anticoagulant activity of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from Cucumaria syracusana. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from the sea cucumber Hemioedema spectabilis: Structure and influence on cell adhesion and tubulogenesis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A Study for the Access to a Semi-synthetic Regioisomer of Natural Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate with Fucosyl Branches on N-acetyl-Galactosamine Units. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120655. [PMID: 31766509 PMCID: PMC6950142 DOI: 10.3390/md17120655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fCS) is a glycosaminoglycan found up to now exclusively in the body wall of sea cucumbers. It shows several interesting activities, with the anticoagulant and antithrombotic as the most attractive ones. Its different mechanism of action on the blood coagulation cascade with respect to heparin and the retention of its activity by oral administration make fCS a very promising anticoagulant drug candidate for heparin replacement. Nonetheless, its typically heterogeneous structure, the detection of some adverse effects and the preference for new drugs not sourced from animal tissues, explain how mandatory is to open an access to safer and less heterogeneous non-natural fCS species. Here we contribute to this aim by investigating a suitable chemical strategy to obtain a regioisomer of the natural fCS polysaccharide, with sulfated l-fucosyl branches placed at position O-6 of N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) units instead of O-3 of d-glucuronic acid (GlcA) ones, as in natural fCSs. This strategy is based on the structural modification of a microbial sourced chondroitin polysaccharide by regioselective insertion of fucosyl branches and sulfate groups on its polymeric structure. A preliminary in vitro evaluation of the anticoagulant activity of three of such semi-synthetic fCS analogues is also reported.
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Pal D, Saha S. Chondroitin: a natural biomarker with immense biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28061-28077. [PMID: 35530463 PMCID: PMC9071010 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05546k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally extracted glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulphate is the reactive product of N-acetylgalactosamine and d-glucuronic acid. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) extracted from Scophthalmus maximus, H. scabra, E. fraudatrix, M. magnum, and H. mexicana has shown remarkable anticoagulant, articular cartilage repair, corneal lesion healing, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative effects. Also, platinum and strontium nanoparticles of chondroitin sulfate are effective in osteoarthritis and exert anti-HSV2 and anti-angiogenic properties. A combination of chondroitin sulfate and RNA lipolexes demonstrates gene silencing effects in liver fibrosis. Chondroitin sulfate has also been used as a carrier for loxoprofen hydrogel preparation. Oligosaccharides of chondroitin sulfate showed effective inhibition of bovine testicular hyaluronidase enzyme as an antibacterial agent during pregnancy. Monoclonal antibody-recognized chondroitin sulfate A was effectively used to treat ameloblastoma. Selenium-chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles demonstrated positive effects in therapy of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilipkumar Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur-495009 C.G. India +91-7389263761
| | - Supriyo Saha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University Dehradun-248161 Uttarakhand India
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Song S, Wang L, Wang L, Yu Q, Ai C, Fu Y, Yan C, Wen C, Zhu Z. Structural characterization and anticoagulant activity of two polysaccharides from Patinopecten yessoensis viscera. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:579-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pomin VH, Vignovich WP, Gonzales AV, Vasconcelos AA, Mulloy B. Galactosaminoglycans: Medical Applications and Drawbacks. Molecules 2019; 24:E2803. [PMID: 31374852 PMCID: PMC6696379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactosaminoglycans (GalAGs) are sulfated glycans composed of alternating N-acetylgalactosamine and uronic acid units. Uronic acid epimerization, sulfation patterns and fucosylation are modifications observed on these molecules. GalAGs have been extensively studied and exploited because of their multiple biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfates (CSs), the main representative family of GalAGs, have been used in alternative therapy of joint pain/inflammation and osteoarthritis. The relatively novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), commonly found in sea cucumbers, has been screened in multiple systems in addition to its widely studied anticoagulant action. Biomedical properties of GalAGs are directly dependent on the sugar composition, presence or lack of fucose branches, as well as sulfation patterns. Although research interest in GalAGs has increased considerably over the three last decades, perhaps motivated by the parallel progress of glycomics, serious questions concerning the effectiveness and potential side effects of GalAGs have recently been raised. Doubts have centered particularly on the beneficial functions of CS-based therapeutic supplements and the potential harmful effects of FCS as similarly observed for oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, as a contaminant of heparin. Unexpected components were also detected in CS-based pharmaceutical preparations. This review therefore aims to offer a discussion on (1) the current and potential therapeutic applications of GalAGs, including those of unique features extracted from marine sources, and (2) the potential drawbacks of this class of molecules when applied to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - William P Vignovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Alysia V Gonzales
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Imperial College, Department of Medicine, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Comparison of chain conformation properties of bio-active fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from two different sea cucumbers. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kastana P, Choleva E, Poimenidi E, Karamanos N, Sugahara K, Papadimitriou E. Insight into the role of chondroitin sulfate E in angiogenesis. FEBS J 2019; 286:2921-2936. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Kastana
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Effrosyni Choleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Evangelia Poimenidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Nikos Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pathobiochemistry Meijo University Nagoya Japan
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Structural analysis of holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfates: Degradation versus non-destructive approach. Carbohydr Res 2019; 476:8-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Antithrombotics from the Sea: Polysaccharides and Beyond. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030170. [PMID: 30884850 PMCID: PMC6471875 DOI: 10.3390/md17030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms exhibit some advantages as a renewable source of potential drugs, far beyond chemotherapics. Particularly, the number of marine natural products with antithrombotic activity has increased in the last few years, and reports show a wide diversity in scaffolds, beyond the polysaccharide framework. While there are several reviews highlighting the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides, reports including other molecules are sparse. Therefore, the present paper provides an update of the recent progress in marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides and quotes other scaffolds that are being considered for investigation due to their antithrombotic effect.
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. New insight on the structural diversity of holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfates. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCS) are unique glycosaminoglycans isolated from body walls of sea cucumbers (holothuria). These biopolymers are composed of a chondroitin core [→4)-β-D-GlcA-(1→3)-β-D-GalNAc-(1→]n bearing fucosyl branches and sulfate groups. Structural variations of FCS are species specific and depend on type, amount and position of branches, as well as on degree and pattern of sulfation of a backbone and branches. A wide spectrum of biological properties was determined for these polysaccharides including anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory activities. Structural features of FCS influence significantly on their biological effect. In this review recent data about structural variations within holothurian FCS are summarized. The NMR data of the key building blocks are presented, which may be used for the analysis of new FCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E. Ustyuzhanina
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Maria I. Bilan
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Anatolii I. Usov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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Zhang S, Zhou G, Zhang X, Chen D, Liu J, Liu X. Establishment of highly sensitive analytical method for chondroitin sulfate by flow injection chemiluminescence. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:504-510. [PMID: 30553351 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method has been developed for the determination of chondroitin sulfate (CS). The method is based on the sensitization effect of enzymatic products of CS on the luminol-H2O2 system. Experimental parameters affecting FI-CL method such as concentrations of luminol, H2O2 and NaOH and the standing time of luminol alkaline solution were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration plot between CS concentration and the change of CL intensity was linear in the range of 25 ng/mL∼250 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 5 ng/mL and the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of CL intensity was 2.5%. The method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of CS concentration in drugs. Compared with the reported methods so far, the established method is simple, sensitive, accurate and rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Guanglian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Quality Assurance Department, Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jining 272021, China.
| | - Dong Chen
- Quality Assurance Department, Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jining 272021, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Xiumei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Dmitrenok AS, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from the sea cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria stellati. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Panina EG, Sanamyan NP, Dmitrenok AS, Tsvetkova EA, Ushakova NA, Shashkov AS, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Structure and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a New Unusual Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate from Cucumaria djakonovi. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E389. [PMID: 30336613 PMCID: PMC6212937 DOI: 10.3390/md16100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate CD was isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi collected from the Avachinsky Gulf of the eastern coast of Kamchatka. Structural characterization of CD was performed using a series of non-destructive NMR spectroscopic procedures. The polysaccharide was shown to contain a chondroitin core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→]n where about 60% of GlcA residues were 3-O-fucosylated, while another part of GlcA units did not contain any substituents. The presence of unsubstituted both at O-2 and O-3 glucuronic acid residues in a structure of holothurian chondroitin sulfate is unusual and has not been reported previously. Three different fucosyl branches Fucp2S4S, Fucp3S4S and Fucp4S were found in the ratio of 2:1:1. The GalNAc units were mono- or disulfated at positions 4 and 6. Anti-inflammatory activity of CD was assessed on a model of acute peritoneal inflammation in rats. About 45% inhibition was found for CD, while a structurally related linear chondroitin sulfate SS from cartilage of the fish Salmo salar demonstrated only 31% inhibition, indicating that the presence of sulfated fucosyl branches is essential for anti-inflammatory effect of chondroitin sulfates of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E Ustyuzhanina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Maria I Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elena G Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda P Sanamyan
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia.
| | - Andrey S Dmitrenok
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Eugenia A Tsvetkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Natalia A Ushakova
- V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Anatolii I Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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37
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Glycans and glycosaminoglycans in neurobiology: key regulators of neuronal cell function and fate. Biochem J 2018; 475:2511-2545. [PMID: 30115748 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the roles of l-fucose and the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) with selected functional molecules in neural tissues. Cell surface glycans and GAGs have evolved over millions of years to become cellular mediators which regulate fundamental aspects of cellular survival. The glycocalyx, which surrounds all cells, actuates responses to growth factors, cytokines and morphogens at the cellular boundary, silencing or activating downstream signaling pathways and gene expression. In this review, we have focused on interactions mediated by l-fucose, KS and CS/DS in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Fucose makes critical contributions in the area of molecular recognition and information transfer in the blood group substances, cytotoxic immunoglobulins, cell fate-mediated Notch-1 interactions, regulation of selectin-mediated neutrophil extravasation in innate immunity and CD-34-mediated new blood vessel development, and the targeting of neuroprogenitor cells to damaged neural tissue. Fucosylated glycoproteins regulate delivery of synaptic neurotransmitters and neural function. Neural KS proteoglycans (PGs) were examined in terms of cellular regulation and their interactive properties with neuroregulatory molecules. The paradoxical properties of CS/DS isomers decorating matrix and transmembrane PGs and the positive and negative regulatory cues they provide to neurons are also discussed.
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Yang W, Cai Y, Yin R, Lin L, Li Z, Wu M, Zhao J. Structural analysis and anticoagulant activities of two sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumber Holothuria coluber. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1055-1062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Soares PAG, Ribeiro KA, Valente AP, Capillé NV, Oliveira SNMCG, Tovar AMF, Pereira MS, Vilanova E, Mourão PAS. A unique fucosylated chondroitin sulfate type II with strikingly homogeneous and neatly distributed α-fucose branches. Glycobiology 2018; 28:565-579. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A G Soares
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia A Ribeiro
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana P Valente
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas - CENABIO I, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina V Capillé
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephan-Nicollas M C G Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M F Tovar
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Pereira
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vilanova
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mourão PAS, Vilanova E, Soares PAG. Unveiling the structure of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 50:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Two structurally similar fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from the holothurian species Stichopus chloronotus and Stichopus horrens. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:10-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bai M, Han W, Zhao X, Wang Q, Gao Y, Deng S. Glycosaminoglycans from a Sea Snake ( Lapemis curtus): Extraction, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050170. [PMID: 29783635 PMCID: PMC5983301 DOI: 10.3390/md16050170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea snakes have wide application prospects in medicine, health food and other fields. Several novel polysaccharides were successfully obtained from the skin and the meat of a sea snake (Lapemis curtus). The structures of polysaccharides LSP3 and LMP3, which were extracted and purified from Lapemis curtus, were determined to be new and highly heterogenic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by means of FT-IR, ESI-MS/MS and NMR. LSP3 is a hybrid dermatan sulfate (DS) and composed of 48% 4-sulfated disaccharides (Di4S), 42% 6-sulfated disaccharides (Di6S) and 5% disulfated disaccharides (Di2,6S), while LMP3 is a hybrid chondroitin sulfate (CS) and composed of 70% Di4S, 20% Di6S, and 8% Di2,6S. More importantly, LSP3 and LMP3 showed a strong scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, iron (Fe2+) chelating activity and total antioxidant capacity in vitro, especially LSP3, with high contents of uronic acid and sulfate, which possessed a higher scavenging ability of DPPH radicals than other fractions. These data suggested that the sea snake polysaccharides could be promising candidates for natural antioxidant ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qingchi Wang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shiming Deng
- Ocean College of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Khotimchenko Y. Pharmacological Potential of Sea Cucumbers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1342. [PMID: 29724051 PMCID: PMC5983632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents a detailed analysis of published research data focused on the pharmacological activity exerted by biologically active compounds isolated from sea cucumbers belonging to the class of Holothuroidea, phylum Echinodermata. The review contains descriptions of the structure, physico-chemical properties and pharmacological effects of these active substances. Particular attention is given to compounds with anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-infectious, immune-stimulating and anti-ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) activities as well as to the substances exerting a regulating influence on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. All these compounds may be considered as prototypes for development of new pharmaceutical substances and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Khotimchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
- National Scientific Center for Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
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Shang F, Gao N, Yin R, Lin L, Xiao C, Zhou L, Li Z, Purcell SW, Wu M, Zhao J. Precise structures of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan and its oligosaccharides as novel intrinsic factor Xase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:423-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Brodaczewska N, Košťálová Z, Uhrín D. (3, 2)D 1H, 13C BIRD r,X-HSQC-TOCSY for NMR structure elucidation of mixtures: application to complex carbohydrates. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2018; 70:115-122. [PMID: 29327222 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-018-0163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Overlap of NMR signals is the major cause of difficulties associated with NMR structure elucidation of molecules contained in complex mixtures. A 2D homonuclear correlation spectroscopy in particular suffers from low dispersion of 1H chemical shifts; larger dispersion of 13C chemical shifts is often used to reduce this overlap, while still providing the proton-proton correlation information e.g. in the form of a 2D 1H, 13C HSQC-TOCSY experiment. For this methodology to work, 13C chemical shift must be resolved. In case of 13C chemical shifts overlap, 1H chemical shifts can be used to achieve the desired resolution. The proposed (3, 2)D 1H, 13C BIRDr,X-HSQC-TOCSY experiment achieves this while preserving singlet character of cross peaks in the F1 dimension. The required high-resolution in the 13C dimension is thus retained, while the cross peak overlap occurring in a regular HSQC-TOCSY experiment is eliminated. The method is illustrated on the analysis of a complex carbohydrate mixture obtained by depolymerisation of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the body wall of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Brodaczewska
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Zuzana Košťálová
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Li X, Luo L, Cai Y, Yang W, Lin L, Li Z, Gao N, Purcell SW, Wu M, Zhao J. Structural Elucidation and Biological Activity of a Highly Regular Fucosylated Glycosaminoglycan from the Edible Sea Cucumber Stichopus herrmanni. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9315-9323. [PMID: 28976198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Edible sea cucumbers are widely used as a health food and medicine. A fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG) was purified from the high-value sea cucumber Stichopus herrmanni. Its physicochemical properties and structure were analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods. Chemical analysis indicated that this FG with a molecular weight of ∼64 kDa is composed of N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, d-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and l-fucose. Structural analysis clarified that the FG contains the chondroitin sulfate E-like backbone, with mostly 2,4-di-O-sulfated (85%) and some 3,4-di-O-sulfated (10%) and 4-O-sulfated (5%) fucose side chains that link to the C3 position of GlcA. This FG is structurally highly regular and homogeneous, differing from the FGs of other sea cucumbers, for its sulfation patterns are simpler. Biological activity assays indicated that it is a strong anticoagulant, inhibiting thrombin and intrinsic factor Xase. Our results expand the knowledge on structural types of FG and illustrate its biological activity as a functional food material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Steven W Purcell
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University , Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
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Yin Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Kang W. Isolation, purification, structural analysis and coagulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:98. [PMID: 29086873 PMCID: PMC5628082 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Ligustrum lucidum flowers as raw material, the extraction, isolation and coagulatory activity of polysaccharides were carried out for the first time. The crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and preliminarily purified by Sevage method and D101 macroporous resin. Then the polysaccharide was further purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, respectively. The structural characteristics were detected by LC, GC, FT-IR and NMR. Furthermore, the coagulatory activity of the polysaccharides were investigated by APTT, TT, PT and FIB assays in vitro. The results demonstrated that four polysaccharides were isolated from flowers of L. lucidum, named as LLP-1a, LLP-1b, LLP-2 and LLP-3, and the yields were 0.039, 0.0054, 0.0055 and 0.017%, respectively based on the weight of the dried flowers. The four polysaccharides components were free of nucleic acids and proteins, and their average molecular weights were 25,912, 64,919, 3,940,246 and 2,975,091 g/mol, respectively. The monosaccharide compositions of LLp-1a were L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 3.16: 2.46: 1.00: 7.27: 4.22). Only D-galactose was detected from LLp-1b. LLp-2 was composed of L-arabinose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 1.28:1.32:1.00). LLp-3 was composed of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose and D-galactose (molar ratio of 5.85: 2.21: 2.23: 1.00: 2.25). Coagulation assays indicated that LLp-1a and LLp-3 had good anticoagulant effect in vitro, while LLp-1b showed procoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yin
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Zhengzhou, 450063 China
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Fucoidan and Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Stimulate Hematopoiesis in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mice. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100301. [PMID: 28973980 PMCID: PMC5666409 DOI: 10.3390/md15100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of cytostatics in cancer patients’ chemotherapy results in a number of side effects, including the inhibition of various parts of hematopoiesis. Two sulfated polysaccharides, fucoidan from the seaweed Chordaria flagelliformis (PS-Fuc) and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from the sea cucumber Massinium magnum (PS-FCS), were studied as stimulators of hematopoiesis after cyclophosphamide immunosuppression in mice. Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r G-CSF) was applied as a reference. Both tested polysaccharides PS-Fuc and PS-FCS have a similar activity to r G-CSF, causing pronounced neutropoiesis stimulation in animals with myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CPh). Moreover, these compounds are also capable to enhance thrombopoiesis and erythropoiesis. It should be noted that PS-FCS demonstrated a greater activity than r G-CSF. The results indicate the perspective of further studies of PS-Fuc and PS-FCS, since these compounds can be considered as potentially promising stimulators of hematopoiesis. Such drugs are in demand for the accompanying treatment of cancer patients who suffer from hematological toxicity during chemo and/or radiation therapy.
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