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Iqbal N, Ganguly P, Yildizbakan L, Raif EM, Jones E, Giannoudis PV, Jha A. Chitosan Scaffolds from Crustacean and Fungal Sources: A Comparative Study for Bone-Tissue-Engineering Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:720. [PMID: 39061802 PMCID: PMC11273506 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), a biopolymer, holds significant potential in bone regeneration due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability attributes. While crustacean-derived CS is conventionally used in research, there is growing interest in fungal-derived CS for its equally potent properties in bone regenerative applications. Here, we investigated the physicochemical and biological characteristics of fungal (MDC) and crustacean (ADC)-derived CS scaffolds embedded with different concentrations of tricalcium phosphate minerals (TCP), i.e., 0(wt)%: ADC/MDC-1, 10(wt)%: ADC/MDC-2, 20(wt)%: ADC/MDC-3 and 30(wt)%: ADC/MDC-4. ADC-1 and MDC-1 lyophilised scaffolds lacking TCP minerals presented the highest zeta potentials of 47.3 ± 1.2 mV and 55.1 ± 1.6 mV, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed prominent distinctions whereby MDC scaffolds exhibited striation-like structural microarchitecture in contrast to the porous morphology exhibited by ADC scaffold types. With regard to the 4-week scaffold mass reductions, MDC-1, MDC-2, MDC-3, and MDC-4 indicated declines of 55.98 ± 4.2%, 40.16 ± 3.6%, 27.05 ± 4.7%, and 19.16 ± 5.3%, respectively. Conversely, ADC-1, ADC-2, ADC-3, and ADC-4 presented mass reductions of 35.78 ± 5.1%, 25.19 ± 4.2%, 20.23 ± 6.3%, and 13.68 ± 5.4%, respectively. The biological performance of the scaffolds was assessed through in vitro bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMMSCs) attachment via indirect and direct cytotoxicity studies, where all scaffold types presented no cytotoxic behaviours. MDC scaffolds indicated results comparable to ADC, where both CS types exhibited similar physiochemical properties. Our data suggest that MDC scaffolds could be a potent alternative to ADC-derived scaffolds for bone regeneration applications, particularly for 10(wt)% TCP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Lemiha Yildizbakan
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - El Mostafa Raif
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Animesh Jha
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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2
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Xuan L, Hou Y, Liang L, Wu J, Fan K, Lian L, Qiu J, Miao Y, Ravanbakhsh H, Xu M, Tang G. Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:218. [PMID: 38884868 PMCID: PMC11183039 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Microgels prepared from natural or synthetic hydrogel materials have aroused extensive attention as multifunctional cells or drug carriers, that are promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Microgels can also be aggregated into microporous scaffolds, promoting cell infiltration and proliferation for tissue repair. This review gives an overview of recent developments in the fabrication techniques and applications of microgels. A series of conventional and novel strategies including emulsification, microfluidic, lithography, electrospray, centrifugation, gas-shearing, three-dimensional bioprinting, etc. are discussed in depth. The characteristics and applications of microgels and microgel-based scaffolds for cell culture and delivery are elaborated with an emphasis on the advantages of these carriers in cell therapy. Additionally, we expound on the ongoing and foreseeable applications and current limitations of microgels and their aggregate in the field of biomedical engineering. Through stimulating innovative ideas, the present review paves new avenues for expanding the application of microgels in cell delivery techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Xuan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Hou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Fan
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Lian
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingling Miao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hossein Ravanbakhsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
| | - Mingen Xu
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Delgado MZ, Aranda FL, Hernandez-Tenorio F, Garrido-Miranda KA, Meléndrez MF, Palacio DA. Polyelectrolytes for Environmental, Agricultural, and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1434. [PMID: 38794627 PMCID: PMC11124962 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, polyelectrolytes (PELs) have attracted significant interest owing to a surge in research dedicated to the development of new technologies and applications at the biological level. Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules of which a substantial portion of the constituent units contains ionizable or ionic groups. These macromolecules demonstrate varied behaviors across different pH ranges, ionic strengths, and concentrations, making them fascinating subjects within the scientific community. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive survey of the progress in the application studies of polyelectrolytes and their derivatives in various fields that are vital for the advancement, conservation, and technological progress of the planet, including agriculture, environmental science, and medicine. Through this bibliographic review, we seek to highlight the significance of these materials and their extensive range of applications in modern times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zuñiga Delgado
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
| | - Francisca L. Aranda
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
- Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - Fabian Hernandez-Tenorio
- Environmental Processes Research Group, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellin 050022, Colombia;
| | - Karla A. Garrido-Miranda
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Manuel F. Meléndrez
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Las Tres Pascuales, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4060000, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
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Zhuikova YV, Zhuikov VA, Khaydapova DD, Lunkov AP, Bonartseva GA, Varlamov VP. Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Properties of Biodegradable Composites Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1124. [PMID: 38675043 PMCID: PMC11053872 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, composite films and scaffolds of polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and polysaccharide chitosan obtained via a simple and reproducible blending method using acetic acid as a solvent were considered. The degradation process of the films was studied gravimetrically in a model biological medium in the presence of enzymes in vitro for 180 days. The kinetics of weight reduction depended on the amount of chitosan in the composition. The biocompatibility of the films was evaluated using the Alamar blue test and fluorescence microscopy. The materials were non-cytotoxic, and the addition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) to chitosan improved its matrix properties on mesenchymal stem cells. Then, the 3D composites were prepared by freeze-drying. Their structure (using SEM), rheological behavior, moisture absorption, and porosity were investigated. The addition of different amounts of chitosan allowed us to vary the chemical and biological properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) materials and their degradation rate, which is extremely important in the development of biomedical poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) materials, especially implantable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Zhuikova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Vsevolod A. Zhuikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Dolgor D. Khaydapova
- Faculty of Soil Science, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;
| | - Alexey P. Lunkov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Garina A. Bonartseva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Valery P. Varlamov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
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5
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Unagolla JM, Gaihre B, Jayasuriya AC. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of 3D Printed Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate-Based Photocurable Hydrogel Platform for Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300414. [PMID: 38035771 PMCID: PMC11018466 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses to develop a unique hybrid hydrogel bioink formulation that incorporates poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), gelatin (Gel), and methylcellulose (MC). This formulation achieves the necessary viscosity for extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing of scaffolds intended for bone regeneration. After thorough optimization of the hybrid bioink system with Gel, three distinct scaffold groups are investigated in vitro: 0%, 3%, and 6% (w/v) Gel. These scaffold groups are examined for their morphology, mechanical strength, biodegradation, in vitro cell proliferation and differentiation, and in vivo bone formation using a rat cranial defect model. Among these scaffold compositions, the 3% Gel scaffold exhibits the most favorable characteristics, prompting further evaluation as a rat mesenchymal stem cell (rMSC) carrier in a critical-size cranial defect within a Lewis rat model. The compressive strength of all three scaffold groups range between 1 and 2 MPa. Notably, the inclusion of Gel in the scaffolds leads to enhanced bioactivity and cell adhesion. The Gel-containing scaffolds notably amplify osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Western blot analyses. The in vivo results, as depicted by microcomputed tomography, showcase augmented osteogenesis within cell-seeded scaffolds, thus validating this innovative PEGDMA-based scaffold system as a promising candidate for cranial bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitha M. Unagolla
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Colleges of Engineering and Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bipin Gaihre
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Colleges of Engineering and Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ambalangodage C. Jayasuriya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Colleges of Engineering and Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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6
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Du Q, Sun J, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Kong W, Chen C, Zhou Y, Zhao K, Shao C, Gu X. Fabrication of ACP-CCS-PVA composite membrane for a potential application in guided bone regeneration. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25930-25938. [PMID: 37664206 PMCID: PMC10472212 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The barrier membranes of guided bone regeneration (GBR) have been widely used in clinical medicine to repair bone defects. However, the unmatched mechanical strength, unsuitable degradation rates, and insufficient regeneration potential limit the application of the current barrier membranes. Here, amorphous calcium phosphate-carboxylated chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (ACP-CCS-PVA) composite membranes are fabricated by freeze-thaw cycles, in which the ATP-stabilized ACP nanoparticles are uniformly distributed throughout the membranes. The mechanical performance and osteogenic properties are significantly improved by the ACP incorporated into the CCS-PVA system, but excess ACP would suppress cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Our work highlights the pivotal role of ACP in GBR and provides insight into the need for biomaterial fabrication to balance mechanical strength and mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Du
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Yadong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Weijing Kong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Xinhua Gu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
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7
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Monia Kabandana GK, Zhang T, Chen C. Emerging 3D printing technologies and methodologies for microfluidic development. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2885-2906. [PMID: 35866586 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review paper examines recent (mostly 2018 or later) advancements in 3D printed microfluidics. Microfluidic devices are widely applied in various fields such as drug delivery, point-of-care diagnosis, and bioanalytical research. In addition to soft lithography, 3D printing has become an appealing technology to develop microfluidics recently. In this work, three main 3D printing technologies, stereolithography, fused filament deposition, and polyjet, which are commonly used to fabricate microfluidic devices, are thoroughly discussed. The advantages, limitations, and recent microfluidic applications are analyzed. New technical advancements within these technology frameworks are also summarized, which are especially suitable for microfluidic development. Next, new emerging 3D-printing technologies are introduced, including the direct printing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), glass, and biopolymers. Although limited microfluidic applications based on these technologies can be found in the literature, they show high potential to revolutionize the next generation of 3D-printed microfluidic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giraso Keza Monia Kabandana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
| | - Chengpeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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8
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Sivashankari PR, Krishna Kumar K, Devendiran M, Prabaharan M. Graphene oxide-reinforced pectin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex scaffolds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2246-2266. [PMID: 34347566 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1963931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds based on graphene oxide (GO) incorporated pectin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PCGO) were prepared by the freeze-drying technique. The chemical composition and microstructure of the prepared PCGO scaffolds were studied by FTIR and XRD analysis. The presence of GO and its uniform distribution within the polymer matrix was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and confocal Raman mapping analysis, respectively. TGA analysis revealed that the addition of GO improves the thermal stability of the pectin/chitosan complex. SEM analysis confirmed the uniform pore distribution of PCGO scaffolds. Moreover, it showed that the pore size of the scaffolds was decreased with the increase in GO content. Among the developed PCGO scaffolds, the scaffolds with 1 wt.% of GO presented the improved hydrophilicity by exhibiting the water swelling degree of 2004%, water retention capacity of 1101% and water contact angle (WCA) of 21°. In addition, these scaffolds presented better compressive strength (∼283 kPa) and resistance towards lysozyme-mediated degradation. The PCGO scaffolds presented an acceptable level of bio-and hemocompatibility and GO concentration-dependent cell attachment ability. These results demonstrate the suitability of PCGO scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sivashankari
- Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India
| | - K Krishna Kumar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M Devendiran
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India
| | - M Prabaharan
- Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India
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9
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Dobaj Štiglic A, Kargl R, Beaumont M, Strauss C, Makuc D, Egger D, Plavec J, Rojas OJ, Stana Kleinschek K, Mohan T. Influence of Charge and Heat on the Mechanical Properties of Scaffolds from Ionic Complexation of Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Cellulose. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3618-3632. [PMID: 34264634 PMCID: PMC8396805 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant, multifunctional biological polymers, polysaccharides are considered promising materials to prepare tissue engineering scaffolds. When properly designed, wetted porous scaffolds can have biomechanics similar to living tissue and provide suitable fluid transport, both of which are key features for in vitro and in vivo tissue growth. They can further mimic the components and function of glycosaminoglycans found in the extracellular matrix of tissues. In this study, we investigate scaffolds formed by charge complexation between anionic carboxymethyl cellulose and cationic protonated chitosan under well-controlled conditions. Freeze-drying and dehydrothermal heat treatment were then used to obtain porous materials with exceptional, unprecendent mechanical properties and dimensional long-term stability in cell growth media. We investigated how complexation conditions, charge ratio, and heat treatment significantly influence the resulting fluid uptake and biomechanics. Surprisingly, materials with high compressive strength, high elastic modulus, and significant shape recovery are obtained under certain conditions. We address this mostly to a balanced charge ratio and the formation of covalent amide bonds between the polymers without the use of additional cross-linkers. The scaffolds promoted clustered cell adhesion and showed no cytotoxic effects as assessed by cell viability assay and live/dead staining with human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We suggest that similar scaffolds or biomaterials comprising other polysaccharides have a large potential for cartilage tissue engineering and that elucidating the reason for the observed peculiar biomechanics can stimulate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Dobaj Štiglic
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute
of Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroska cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Christine Strauss
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian
NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominik Egger
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN→FIST
Center of Excellence, Trg OF 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, Espoo 00076, Finland
- Departments
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science,
Bioproducts Institute, University of British
Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute
of Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroska cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System (IBioSys), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Saska S, Pilatti L, Blay A, Shibli JA. Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:563. [PMID: 33668617 PMCID: PMC7918883 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool in the production of complexes structures with specific shapes for tissue engineering. Differently from native tissues, the printed structures are static and do not transform their shape in response to different environment changes. Stimuli-responsive biocompatible materials have emerged in the biomedical field due to the ability of responding to other stimuli (physical, chemical, and/or biological), resulting in microstructures modifications. Four-dimensional (4D) printing arises as a new technology that implements dynamic improvements in printed structures using smart materials (stimuli-responsive materials) and/or cells. These dynamic scaffolds enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels are the most promising material for 4D bio-fabrication because they produce a biocompatible and bioresorbable 3D shape environment similar to the extracellular matrix and allow deposition of cells on the scaffold surface as well as in the inside. Subsequently, this review presents different bioresorbable advanced polymers and discusses its use in 4D printing for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybele Saska
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Livia Pilatti
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Blay
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- M3 Health Industria e Comercio de Produtos Medicos, Odontologicos e Correlatos S.A., Jundiaí, Sao Paulo 13212-213, Brazil; (S.S.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Sao Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
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11
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Keshavarz M, Alizadeh P. On the role of alginate coating on the mechanical and biological properties of 58S bioactive glass scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:947-961. [PMID: 33186647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel 3D porous alginate-coated 58S bioactive glass scaffolds were fabricated through a foam replication method using a combination of amorphous 58S bioactive glass structure and sodium alginate. The formation of the alginate coating on the surface of the struts of BG scaffolds was confirmed. The effect of alginate coating on the microstructure, mechanical properties, biodegradability, biomineralization, adhesion, viability, and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the 58S BG scaffolds were evaluated. A 45.2% increase in hMSC's viability and a 3.4-fold increase in ALP activity of the 1AlBG scaffold in the absence of an osteogenic differentiation media compared to an uncoated BG scaffold were observed. Notably, gene expression analysis exhibited that the 1AlBG scaffold resulted in accelerated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, as expression of COL-1, RUNX2, and OCN increased after 14 days. Results revealed a significant increase of antibacterial inhibition in the 1AlBG scaffold in comparison to the BG scaffold. Based on the microstructural, mechanical, and biological investigations, the 1AlBG scaffold exhibited enhanced mechanical and biological properties, making it a promising candidate for bone regeneration. Overall, our findings have highlighted the potential of alginate-coated BG scaffolds to stimulate bone regeneration through stem cell osteoinduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Keshavarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Alizadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Zia I, Jolly R, Mirza S, Umar MS, Owais M, Shakir M. Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Fortified Xanthan Gum-Chitosan Based Polyelectrolyte Complex Scaffolds for Supporting the Osteo-Friendly Environment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7133-7146. [PMID: 35019373 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-reinforced polymer-based scaffolding matrices as artificial bone-implant materials are potential suitors for bone regenerative medicine as they simulate the native bone. In the present work, a series of bioinspired, osteoconductive tricomposite scaffolds made up of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) embedded xanthan gum-chitosan (XAN-CHI) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) are explored for their bone-regeneration potential. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed complex formation between XAN and CHI and showed strong interactions between the NHA and PEC matrix. The X-ray diffraction studies indicated regulation of the nanocomposite (NC) scaffold crystallinity by the physical cues of the PEC matrix. Further results exhibited that the XAN-CHI/NHA5 scaffold, with a 50/50 (polymer/NHA) ratio, has optimized porous structure, appropriate compressive properties, and sufficient swelling ability with slower degradation rates, which are far better than those of CHI/NHA and other XAN-CHI/NHA NC scaffolds. The simulated body fluid studies showed XAN-CHI/NHA5 generated apatite-like surface structures of a Ca/P ratio ∼1.66. Also, the in vitro cell-material interaction studies with MG-63 cells revealed that relative to the CHI/NHA NC scaffold, the cellular viability, attachment, and proliferation were better on XAN-CHI/NHA scaffold surfaces, with XAN-CHI/NHA5 specimens exhibiting an effective increment in cell spreading capacity compared to XAN-CHI/NHA4 and XAN-CHI/NHA6 specimens. The presence of an osteo-friendly environment is also indicated by enhanced alkaline phosphatase expression and protein adsorption ability. The higher expression of extracellular matrix proteins, such as osteocalcin and osteopontin, finally validated the induction of differentiation of MG-63 cells by tricomposite scaffolds. In summary, this study demonstrates that the formation of PEC between XAN and CHI and incorporation of NHA in XAN-CHI PEC developed tricomposite scaffolds with robust potential for use in bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Zia
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Reshma Jolly
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sumbul Mirza
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Saad Umar
- Molecular Immunology Group Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Molecular Immunology Group Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Shakir
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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13
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Unagolla JM, Jayasuriya AC. Hydrogel-based 3D bioprinting: A comprehensive review on cell-laden hydrogels, bioink formulations, and future perspectives. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2020; 18:100479. [PMID: 32775607 PMCID: PMC7414424 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2019.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel plays a vital role in cell-laden three dimensional (3D) bioprinting, whereas those hydrogels mimic the physical and biochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrix (ECM). The complex microenvironment of the ECM does not replicate from the traditional static microenvironment of the hydrogel, but the evolution of the 3D bioprinting facilitates to accommodate the dynamic modulation and spatial heterogeneity of the hydrogel system. Selection of hydrogel for 3D bioprinting depends on the printing techniques including microextrusion, inkjet, laser-assisted printing, and stereolithography. In this review, we specifically cover the 3D printable hydrogels where cells can be encapsulated without significant reduction in the cell viability. The recent research highlights of the most widely used hydrogel materials are elucidated in terms of stability of the hydrogel system, cross-linking method, support cell types and their post-printing cell viability. Also, the techniques used to improve the mechanical and biological properties of the hydrogels, such as adding various organic and inorganic materials and making microchannels, are discussed. Furthermore, the recent advances in vascularized tissue construct and scaffold-free bioprinting as a promising method for vascularization are covered in this review. The recent trends in four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting as a stimuli-responsive formation of new organs, and 3D bioprinting based organ-on-chip systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitha M. Unagolla
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Ambalangodage C. Jayasuriya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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14
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Singh BN, Veeresh V, Mallick SP, Sinha S, Rastogi A, Srivastava P. Generation of scaffold incorporated with nanobioglass encapsulated in chitosan/chondroitin sulfate complex for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:1-16. [PMID: 32084482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, various composite materials fabricated using natural or synthetic biopolymers incorporated with bioceramic have been widely investigated for the regeneration of segmental bone defect. In the present study, nano-bioglass incorporated osteoconductive composite scaffolds were fabricated through polyelectrolyte complexation/phase separation and resuspension of separated complex in gelatin matrix. Developed scaffold exhibits controlled bioreactivity, minimize abrupt pH rise (~7.8), optimal swelling behavior (2.6+-3.1) and enhances mechanical strength (0.62 ± 0.18 MPa) under wet condition. Moreover, in-vitro cell study shows that the fabricated scaffold provide suitable template for cellular attachment, spreading, biomineralization and collagen based matrix deposition. Also, the developed scaffold was evaluated for biocompatibility and bone tissue regeneration potential through implantation in non-union segmental bone defect created in rabbit animal model. The obtained histological analysis indicates strong potential of the composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration, vascularization and reconstruction of defects. Thus, the developed composite scaffold might be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhisham Narayan Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vivek Veeresh
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Shivam Sinha
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amit Rastogi
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India.
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15
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Di Martino A, Drannikov A, Surgutskaia NS, Ozaltin K, Postnikov PS, Marina TE, Sedlarik V. Chitosan-collagen based film for controlled delivery of a combination of short life anesthetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1183-1193. [PMID: 31472209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present research was undertaken to develop a chitosan-collagen film for controlled delivery of combinations of local anesthetics. The film has been prepared by casting which is a versatile, rapid and low-cost approach distinguished by high reproducibility. The mechanical, morphological, and physicochemical properties of the films and the impact of the drug loading were evaluated. We showed that the formulations have a good combination of strength and flexibility with high water permeability. Surface morphology investigation indicates a variation in roughness depending on the loaded compound. Release studies were performed in controlled environments and the data processed by the Higuchi model to assess the dynamics of the release. The local anesthetics, lidocaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine, were uniformly distributed within the matrix and released in a rate and magnitude specific for the drug concentration and combination tunable in a range time from 6 h to 24 h. The films dissolve completely in the physiological environment within 24 h without leaving any toxic metabolites as both of the components are recognized as safe. In vitro cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests performed on human dermal fibroblast demonstrate the biocompatibility and lack of cytotoxicity of the prepared formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Martino
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation; Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Drannikov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia S Surgutskaia
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Kadir Ozaltin
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel S Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Trusova E Marina
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Sedlarik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
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16
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Liao F, Peng XY, Yang F, Ke QF, Zhu ZH, Guo YP. Gadolinium-doped mesoporous calcium silicate/chitosan scaffolds enhanced bone regeneration ability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109999. [PMID: 31499945 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) and mesoporous calcium silicate (MCS) have been developed for bone defect healing; however, their bone regeneration capacity still does not satisfy the patients with bone diseases. Gadolinium (Gd) is accumulated in human bones, and plays a beneficial role in regulating cell performance and bone regeneration. We firstly constructed Gd-doped MCS/CTS (Gd-MCS/CTS) scaffolds by a lyophilization technology. The interconnected arrangement of CTS films lead to forming macropores by using ice crystals as templates during the lyophilization procedure, and the Gd-MCS nanoparticles dispersed uniformly on the macropore walls. The biocompatible chemical components and hierarchical pores facilitated the attachment and spreading of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Interestingly, the Gd dopants in the scaffolds effectively activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, resulting in excellent cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacities. The osteogenic-related genes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and collagen type1 (COL-1) were remarkably up-regulated by Gd-MCS scaffolds as compared with MCS scaffolds, and their expression levels increased in a positive correlation with Gd doping amounts. Moreover, in vivo rat cranial defect tests further confirmed that Gd-MCS/CTS scaffolds significantly stimulated collagen deposition and new bone formation. The exciting finding suggested the beneficial effects of Gd3+ ions on osteogenic differentiation and new bone regeneration, and Gd-MCS/CTS scaffolds can be employed as a novel platform for bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qin-Fei Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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17
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Design and evaluation of chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/nano-bioglass based composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:817-830. [PMID: 31002908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural biopolymer with osteoconductive properties is widely investigated to generate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. However, chitosan based scaffolds lacks in mechanical strength and structural stability in hydrated condition and thereby limits its application for bone tissue regeneration. Thus in the present study, to overcome the limitations associated with chitosan based scaffolds, we fabricated polyelectrolyte complexation mediated composite scaffold of chitosan and chondroitin sulfate incorporated with nano-sized bioglass. Developed scaffolds were successfully characterized for various morphological, physico-chemical, mechanical and apatite forming properties using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and TEM. It was observed that polyelectrolyte complexation followed by incorporation of bioglass significantly enhances mechanical strength, reduces excessive swelling behavior and enhances structural stability of the scaffold in hydrated condition. Also, in-vitro cell adhesion, spreading, viability and cytotoxity were investigated to evaluate the cell supportive properties of the developed scaffolds. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity, biomineralization and collagen type I expression were observed to be significantly higher over the composite scaffold indicating its superior osteogenic potential. More importantly, in-vivo iliac crest bone defect study revealed that implanted composite scaffold facilitate tissue regeneration and integration with native bone tissue. Thus, developed composite scaffold might be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications.
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18
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Matinfar M, Mesgar AS, Mohammadi Z. Evaluation of physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced with multiphasic calcium phosphate whisker-like fibers for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:341-353. [PMID: 30948070 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study porous scaffolds of chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) reinforced with whisker-like biphasic and triphasic calcium phosphate fibers were fabricated by freeze drying method. The effect of addition of CMC, fiber type and content on the mechanical, physicochemical and biological properties of the composite scaffolds was evaluated. The fibers were synthesized by homogenous precipitation method and were characterized. Biphasic fibers contained two phases of hydroxyapatite (HA) and monetite, and triphasic fibers consisted of HA, β-tricalcium phosphate and calcium pyrophosphate and were 20-270 μm and 20-145 μm in length, respectively. The composite scaffolds exhibited desirable microstructures with high porosity (61-75%) and interconnected pores in range of 35-200 μm. Addition of CMC to CS led to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties (up to 150%) but did not affect the water uptake ability and biocompatibility. Both fibers improved the in vitro proliferation, attachment and mineralization of MG63 cells on scaffolds as evidenced by MTT assay, DAPI staining, SEM and Alizarin red staining. Triphasic fibers were more effective in reinforcing the scaffolds and resulted in higher cell viability. Composite scaffolds of CS and CMC reinforced with 50 wt% triphasic fibers were superior in terms of mechanical and biological properties and showed compressive strength and modulus of 150 kPa and 3.08 MPa, respectively, which is up to 300% greater than pure CS scaffolds. The findings indicate that the developed composite scaffolds are potential candidates for bone tissue engineering although they need further enhancement in mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Matinfar
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza S Mesgar
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Iran
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19
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Tamburaci S, Kimna C, Tihminlioglu F. Bioactive diatomite and POSS silica cage reinforced chitosan/Na-carboxymethyl cellulose polyelectrolyte scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:196-208. [PMID: 30948053 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, natural polymers are reinforced with silica particles for hard tissue engineering applications to induce bone regeneration. In this study, as two novel bioactive agents, effects of diatomite and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on chitosan (CS)/Na-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) polymer blend scaffolds are examined. In addition, the effect of silica reinforcements was compared with Si-substituted nano-hydroxyapatite (Si-Hap) particles. The morphology, physical and chemical structures of the scaffolds were characterized with SEM, liquid displacement, FT-IR, mechanical analysis, swelling and degradation studies. The particle size and the crystal structure of diatomite, POSS and Si-Hap particles were determined with DLS and XRD analyses. In vitro studies were performed to figure out the cytotoxicity, proliferation, ALP activity, osteocalcin production and biomineralization to demonstrate the promising use of natural silica particles in bone regeneration. Freeze-dried scaffolds showed 190-307 μm pore size range and 61-70% porosity. Both inorganic reinforcements increased the mechanical strength, enhanced the water uptake capacity and fastened the degradation rate. The nanocomposite scaffolds did not show any cytotoxic effect and enhanced the surface mineralization in osteogenic medium. Thus, diatomite and POSS cage structures can be potential reinforcements for nanocomposite design in hard tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Tamburaci
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Gülbahçe Campus, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey; İzmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Gülbahçe Campus, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Kimna
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Gülbahçe Campus, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Tihminlioglu
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Gülbahçe Campus, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey.
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20
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Chen YH, Tai HY, Fu E, Don TM. Guided bone regeneration activity of different calcium phosphate/chitosan hybrid membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 126:159-169. [PMID: 30586584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To fulfill the properties of membrane for guided bone tissue regeneration, chitosan (CS) and calcium phosphates were blended to produce porous hybrid membranes by lyophilization. We synthesized three different calcium phosphates: calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and β‑tricalcium phosphate (TCP) by a reverse emulsion method followed by calcination, and compared their efficacy on bone regeneration. The CDHA/CS, BCP/CS, and TCP/CS membranes had an interconnected pore structure with porosity of 91-95% and pore size of 102-147 μm. These hybrid membranes could promote the permeability and adhesiveness to bone cells as demonstrated by in-vitro cell culture of primary osteoblast. Particularly, the CDHA/CS and BCP/CS could further increase the cell attachment and differentiation, whereas the BCP/CS and TCP/CS could enhance cell proliferation. Finally, these hybrid membranes were assessed for guided bone regeneration in the critical-size calvarial bone defects created in SD rats. Histological and histomorphometric analyses revealed that the BCP/CS membrane had the most effective bone regeneration compared to the other two hybrid membranes. At three-week post-surgery, the BCP/CS membrane could enhance new bone generation up to 57% of the original bone defect area. The BCP/CS membrane thus has the potential to be applied for guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yin Tai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Earl Fu
- Department of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-service General Hospital, Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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