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Yamashita Y, Tokunaga A, Aoki K, Ishizuka T, Fujita S, Tanoue S. A 28-Day Repeated Oral Administration Study of Mechanically Fibrillated Cellulose Nanofibers According to OECD TG407. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1082. [PMID: 38998688 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The impact of oral administration of mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibers (fib-CNF), a commonly used nanofiber, on toxicity and health remains unclear, despite reports of the safety and beneficial effects of chitin-based nanofibers. Thus, evaluating the oral toxicity of fib-CNF in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 407 (TG407) is essential. This study aimed to assess the safety of orally administered fib-CNF through an acute toxicity study in rats, following the OECD TG407 guidelines for 4 weeks. CNF "BiNFi-s" FMa-10005, derived from mechanically fibrillated pulp cellulose, was administered via gavage to male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats at doses of 50, 150, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 days, with a control group receiving water for injection. The study evaluated the toxic effects of repeated administration, and the rats were monitored for an additional 14 days post-administration to assess recovery from any toxic effects. The results showed no mortality in either sex during the administration period, and no toxicological effects related to the test substance were observed in various assessments, including general condition and behavioral function observations, urinalysis, hematological examination, blood biochemical examination, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathological examination. Notably, only female rats treated with 1000 mg/kg/day of CNF exhibited a consistent reduction in body weight during the 14-day recovery period after the end of treatment. They also showed a slight decrease in pituitary and liver weights. However, hematological and blood biochemical tests did not reveal significant differences, suggesting a potential weight-suppressive effect of CNF ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Research Center for Fibers and Materials, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Akinori Tokunaga
- Life Science Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho 910-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Aoki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho 910-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tanoue
- Research Center for Fibers and Materials, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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2
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Yamashita Y, Tokunaga A, Aoki K, Ishizuka T, Uematsu H, Sakamoto H, Fujita S, Tanoue S. Assessing the Safety of Mechanically Fibrillated Cellulose Nanofibers (fib-CNF) via Toxicity Tests on Mice: Single Intratracheal Administration and 28 Days' Oral Intake. TOXICS 2024; 12:121. [PMID: 38393216 PMCID: PMC10893282 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibers, known as fib-CNF (fiber length: 500 nm; diameter: 45 nm), are used in composites and as a natural thickener in foods. To evaluate their safety, we conducted a 28-day study in mice with inhalation exposure at 0.2 mg/body and oral administration of 400 mg/kg/day. Inhalation exposure to fib-CNF caused transient weight loss, changes in blood cell counts, and increased lung weights. These changes were attributed to adaptive responses. The oral administration of fib-CNF for 28 days resulted in no apparent toxic effects except for a slight decrease in platelet counts. The fib-CNF administration using the protocols studied appears to be safe in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Research Center for Fibers and Materials, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan;
| | - Akinori Tokunaga
- Life Science Research Laboratory, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan;
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.U.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Koji Aoki
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.U.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.U.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Uematsu
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.U.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakamoto
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.U.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.U.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tanoue
- Research Center for Fibers and Materials, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan;
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (K.A.); (T.I.); (H.U.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
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3
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Cañas-Gutiérrez A, Gómez Hoyos C, Velásquez-Cock J, Gañán P, Triana O, Cogollo-Flórez J, Romero-Sáez M, Correa-Hincapié N, Zuluaga R. Health and toxicological effects of nanocellulose when used as a food ingredient: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121382. [PMID: 37940279 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocellulose (NC) has increased significantly in the food industry, as subtypes such as cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or bacterial cellulose (BC) have been demonstrated to be a source of insoluble fiber with important benefits for human health. Despite these advantages, and due to its nanoscale size, NC must be assessed from a safety perspective that considers its exposure, fate, and biological effects in order to help more accurately estimate its potential hazards. The exposure routes of humans to NC include (i) ingestion during consumption of foods that contain cellulose as a food ingredient or (ii) contact of food with cellulose-containing materials, such as its packaging. That is why it is important to understand the potentially toxic effects that nanomaterials can have on human health, understanding that the different types of NC behave differently in terms of their ingestion, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. By analysing both in vitro and in vivo studies, the purpose of this paper is to present the most recent findings on the different types of NC and their safety when used in food. In addition, it provides an overview of relevant studies into NC and its health benefits when used as a food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cañas-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Calidad y Producción, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No. 76ª - 354, Medellín, Colombia; Facultad de Ingeniería Textil, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - C Gómez Hoyos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Textil, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J Velásquez-Cock
- Facultad de Ingeniería Textil, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P Gañán
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
| | - O Triana
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J Cogollo-Flórez
- Departamento de Calidad y Producción, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No. 76ª - 354, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M Romero-Sáez
- Departamento de Calidad y Producción, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No. 76ª - 354, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo Química Básica, Aplicada y Ambiente - Alquimia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No. 76ª - 354, Medellín, Colombia
| | - N Correa-Hincapié
- Departamento de Calidad y Producción, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Calle 73 No. 76ª - 354, Medellín, Colombia
| | - R Zuluaga
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
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Xu HS, Chen Y, Patel A, Wang Z, McDonough C, Guo TL. Chronic exposure to nanocellulose altered depression-related behaviors in mice on a western diet: The role of immune modulation and the gut microbiome. Life Sci 2023; 335:122259. [PMID: 37949212 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have potential applications as food additives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice on a Western diet were exposed to CNF for one month at a dose of 30 mg/kg by gavage. Male NOD mice, a model for type 1 diabetes (T1D), were used in a six-month study. KEY FINDINGS Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes suggested significant changes in gut microbiome of male C57BL/6 mice exposed to CNF. Analysis of functional metagenomics indicated that many of the functional contents that might be altered following CNF ingestion were associated with lipid and carbohydrate processing. Further studies in NOD mice suggested that there were some decreases in the blood glucose levels during the insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance test following CNF treatment. However, these small decreases were not considered biologically meaningful as there were no significant changes in either the area under the curve or the first-order rate constant for glucose disappearance. Moreover, serum concentrations of cytokines/chemokines including IL-3, IL-12(p70) and the keratinocyte chemoattractant were increased following chronic exposure to CNF. In addition, behavioral studies suggested that the percentage of immobility time during the tail-suspension test was significantly increased following six months of exposure to CNF in NOD mice, signifying an increase in depression-related behavior. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, long-term CNF consumption was associated with changes in the ecology of the gut microbiome, immune homeostasis, and possibly energy metabolism and mental health in male NOD mice on a Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Shibo Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yingjia Chen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Avani Patel
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Callie McDonough
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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5
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Deng Y, Yang X, Chen J, Yang S, Chi H, Chen C, Yang X, Hou C. Jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.) Nanocrystalline Cellulose Inhibits Insect Virus via Gut Microbiota and Metabolism. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21662-21677. [PMID: 37906569 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), exhibiting a number of exceptional performance characteristics, is widely used in food fields. However, little is known about the relationship between NCC and the antiviral effect in animals. Here, we tested the function of NCC in antiviral methods utilizing honey bees as the model organism employing Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), a typical RNA virus of honey bees. In both the lab and the field, we fed the IAPV-infected bees various doses of jute NCC (JNCC) under carefully controlled conditions. We found that JNCC can reduce IAPV proliferation and improve gut health. The metagenome profiling suggested that IAPV infection significantly decreased the abundance of gut core bacteria, while JNCC therapy considerably increased the abundance of the gut core bacteria Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus Firm-4. Subsequent metabolome analysis further revealed that JNCC promoted the biosynthesis of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, accelerated the purine metabolism, and then increased the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the genes involved in the Wnt and apoptosis signaling pathways against IAPV infection. Our results highlighted that JNCC could be considered as a prospective candidate agent against a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Chi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Chenxiao Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
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6
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Lin YJ, Chen Y, Guo TL, Kong F. Six weeks effect of different nanocellulose on blood lipid level and small intestinal morphology in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:498-505. [PMID: 36563823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF, or NFC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, or NCC), and Tempo (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidized CNF (Tempo-CNF) were compared for the short-term effect on mice fed with a high-fat and high-sugar (Western diet, WD) to investigate their effect when combined with a sub-optimal diet. SCOPE Thirty C57B/C female mice (10 weeks old; 5-6 mice/group) were given water, cellulose, or three types of nanocellulose once daily in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage. After six weeks, weight changes, fecal output, glucose homeostasis, and gut permeability showed no significant among groups. Serum analysis including triglycerides, cholesterol and total bile acids and small intestinal morphology including villus length, villus width, crypt depth, goblet cell count and goblet cell density were no difference for all groups. Only CNC group had higher excretion of bile acids in the feces. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that current treated dose using three types of nanocellulose had no detrimental effects on blood lipid level and small intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yingjia Chen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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7
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He H, Teng H, An F, Wang Y, Qiu R, Chen L, Song H. Nanocelluloses review: Preparation, biological properties, safety, and applications in the food field. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Fengping An
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Renhui Qiu
- College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch Fuzhou Fujian China
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8
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Vital N, Ventura C, Kranendonk M, Silva MJ, Louro H. Toxicological Assessment of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Oral Exposure. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3375. [PMID: 36234501 PMCID: PMC9565252 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged recently as an important group of sustainable bio-based nanomaterials (NMs) with potential applications in multiple sectors, including the food, food packaging, and biomedical fields. The widening of these applications leads to increased human oral exposure to these NMs and, potentially, to adverse health outcomes. Presently, the potential hazards regarding oral exposure to CNMs are insufficiently characterised. There is a need to understand and manage the potential adverse effects that might result from the ingestion of CNMs before products using CNMs reach commercialisation. This work reviews the potential applications of CNMs in the food and biomedical sectors along with the existing toxicological in vitro and in vivo studies, while also identifying current knowledge gaps. Relevant considerations when performing toxicological studies following oral exposure to CNMs are highlighted. An increasing number of studies have been published in the last years, overall showing that ingested CNMs are not toxic to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), suggestive of the biocompatibility of the majority of the tested CNMs. However, in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies, as well as long-term carcinogenic or reproductive toxicity studies, are not yet available. These studies are needed to support a wider use of CNMs in applications that can lead to human oral ingestion, thereby promoting a safe and sustainable-by-design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Vital
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Department of Human Genetics, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Célia Ventura
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Department of Human Genetics, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michel Kranendonk
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Department of Human Genetics, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Department of Human Genetics, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Yang J, Luo Z, Liu F, Han L, He C, Wang M. Nanocellulose Prepared from Buckwheat Bran: Physicochemical Characterization, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and Inhibition Effect on Fat Digestion and Absorption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11603-11612. [PMID: 36083862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a sustainable biomaterial that has been used in many aspects of the food industry, but its effect on fat digestion and absorption is still underexplored. In this study, three CNCs were prepared from buckwheat bran. Their physicochemical properties were characterized, based on which the acetic acid-hydrolyzed CNC (ACCNC) with high absorption capacity was selected for the cytotoxicity evaluation and as a possible inhibitor for fat digestion and absorption in vitro and in vivo. ACCNC was proved to be nontoxic in the MTT assay and animal feeding tests. Especially, with the addition of ACCNC, the hydrolysis of fat was significantly reduced during the simulated digestion in vitro. In vivo testing also confirmed that ACCNC intake significantly reduced the elevated triglyceride, body weight, and fat accumulation levels. This study highlights the potential role of ACCNC prepared from buckwheat bran as an inhibitor for fat digestion and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, P. R. China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, P. R. China
| | - Caian He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, P. R. China
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10
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He C, Li H, Huan O, Wei H, Xiong H, Ni H, Zheng M. Physicochemical properties and structure characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from pomelo fruitlets. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbo He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen Fujian China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Liaoning China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Ouyang Huan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Huiting Wei
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Hejian Xiong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen Fujian China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen Fujian China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Liaoning China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Xiamen Fujian China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen Fujian China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Liaoning China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Xiamen Fujian China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen Fujian China
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11
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Brand W, van Kesteren PCE, Swart E, Oomen AG. Overview of potential adverse health effects of oral exposure to nanocellulose. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:217-246. [PMID: 35624082 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2069057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is an emerging material for which several food-related applications are foreseen, for example, novel food, functional food, food additive or in food contact materials. Nanocellulose materials can display a range of possible shapes (fibers, crystals), sizes and surface modifications. For food-related applications in the EU, information on the safety of substances must be assessed. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on (possible) adverse health effects of nanocellulose upon oral exposure, keeping EU regulatory aspects in mind. The overview indicates that toxicity data, especially from in vivo studies, are limited and outcomes are not unambiguous. The hazard assessment is further complicated by: the diversity in morphologies and surface modifications, lack of standard reference materials, limited knowledge about intestinal fate and absorption, analytical difficulties in biological matrices, dispersion issues, the possible presence of impurities and interferences within biological assays. Two subchronic in vivo toxicity studies show no indications of toxicity for two specific nanocellulose materials, even at high doses. However, these studies may have missed certain early or nano-specific toxic effects, such as inflammation potential, for which other, subacute studies provide some indications. Most in vitro studies show no cytotoxicity; however, several indicate that effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses depend on differences in size or surface treatments. Further, too few studies assessed genotoxicity of nanocelluloses. Therefore, immunotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity require further attention, as do absorption and effects on nutrient uptake. Recommendations for future research facilitating the safety assessment and safe-by-design of nanocellulose in food-related applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Brand
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petra C E van Kesteren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elmer Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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12
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He C, Li H, Hong J, Xiong H, Ni H, Zheng M. Characterization and Functionality of Cellulose from Pomelo Fruitlets by Different Extraction Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030518. [PMID: 35160507 PMCID: PMC8838060 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomelo fruitlets have the potential for extracting cellulose. This study aimed to investigate characterization and functionality of cellulose extracted from pomelo fruitlets by different extraction methods. Cellulose extracted by acidic-alkaline hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis (CAA), alkaline hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis (CA), and ultrasonic assisted alkaline hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis (CUA) were prepared from pomelo fruitlets. The results showed that cellulose CUA had higher yield and purity with higher crystallinity and smaller particle size than those of CAA or CA (p < 0.05). Specifically, the yield of CUA was 82.75% higher than that of CAA, and purity was increased by 26.42%. Additionally, water- and oil-holding capacities of CUA were superior to those of CAA or CA, increasing by 13–23% and 10–18%, respectively. The improvement of water- and oil-holding capacities were highly related to its smaller particle size with increased surface area. The results suggested that ultrasonic assisted alkaline hydrogen peroxide hydrolysis is a promising and efficient method to prepare high-purity cellulose from pomelo fruitlets, and this cellulose is expected to be a food stabilizer and pharmaceutical additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbo He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (H.X.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (H.X.); (H.N.)
| | - Jinling Hong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (H.X.); (H.N.)
| | - Hejian Xiong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (H.X.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (H.X.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116039, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (H.X.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116039, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-592-6180470
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13
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Moroccan antidiabetic medicinal plants: Ethnobotanical studies, phytochemical bioactive compounds, preclinical investigations, toxicological validations and clinical evidences; challenges, guidance and perspectives for future management of diabetes worldwide. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Guo Z, DeLoid GM, Cao X, Bitounis D, Sampathkumar K, Woei Ng K, Joachim Loo SC, Philip D. Effects of ingested nanocellulose and nanochitosan materials on carbohydrate digestion and absorption in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2021; 8:2554-2568. [PMID: 34840801 PMCID: PMC8622715 DOI: 10.1039/d1en00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials derived from natural biopolymers like cellulose and chitosan have many potentially useful agri-food and oral drug delivery applications. Because of their large and potentially bioactive surface areas and other unique physico-chemical properties, it is essential when evaluating their toxicological impact to assess potential effects on the digestion and absorption of co-ingested nutrients. Here, the effects of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and chitosan nanoparticles (Chnp) on the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates were studied. Starch digestion was assessed by measuring maltose released during simulated digestion of starch solutions. Glucose absorption was assessed by measuring translocation from the resulting digestas across an in vitro transwell tri-culture model of the small intestinal epithelium and calculating the area under the curve increase in absorbed glucose, analogous to the glycemic index. At 1% w/w, CNF and Chnp had small but significant effects (11% decrease and 14% increase, respectively) and CNC had no effect on starch hydrolysis during simulated digestion of a 1% w/w rice starch solution. In addition, at 2% w/w CNC had no effect on amylolysis in 1% solutions of either rice, corn, or wheat starch. Similarly, absorption of glucose from digestas of starch solutions (i.e., from maltose), was unaffected by 1% w/w CNF or CNC, but was slightly increased (10%, p<0.05) by 1% Chnp, possibly due to the slightly higher maltose concentration in the Chnp-containing digestas. In contrast, all of the test materials caused sharp increases (~1.2, 1.5, and 1.6 fold for CNC, CNF, and Chnp, respectively) in absorption of glucose from starch-free digestas spiked with free glucose at a concentration corresponding to complete hydrolysis of 1% w/w starch. The potential for ingested cellulose and chitosan nanomaterials to increase glucose absorption could have important health implications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed increases and to evaluate the potential glycemic effects in an intact in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Guo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glen M DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaarunya Sampathkumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Demokritou Philip
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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McDonough CM, Xu J, Guo TL. Behavioral changes and hyperglycemia in NODEF mice following bisphenol S exposure are affected by diets. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:209-221. [PMID: 34097938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), an analogue of the controversial bisphenol A (BPA) that is found in epoxy resins and plastics, is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical that can mimic endogenous hormone signaling. However, little is known about the behavioral or immunologic effects of BPS. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of diets in BPS-treated mice in relation to hyperglycemia, development of type 1 diabetes, immunomodulation, and behavioral changes. Adult male and female nonobese diabetic excluded flora (NODEF) mice were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of BPS (VH, 30, or 300 μg/kg BW) and fed either a soy-based diet, a phytoestrogen-free diet, or a Western diet. NODEF male mice fed a soy-based diet exhibited a decreased curiosity/desire to explore, and possibly increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased short-term memory when exposed to BPS (300 μg/kg BW). In addition, these mice had significant increases in non-fasting blood glucose levels along with increased insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose tolerance, resistance to fasting and proinflammation. Although BPS had little effect on the glucose parameters in NODEF male mice fed a Western diet, there were decreases in %CD24+CD5+ and %B220+CD40L-cell populations and increases in distance traveled during the novel object test, suggesting hyperactivity. NODEF females fed a phytoestrogen-free diet exhibited slight decreases in time spent immobile during the tail suspension test in both the 30 and 300 μg/kg BW dose groups along with increases in %CD4+CD8+ and %Mac3+CD45R+ cell populations, signifying increased hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior. In conclusion, BPS-exposed NODEF mice exhibited sex and diet-related changes in hyperglycemia, behaviors and immune endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie M McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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16
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17
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Aimonen K, Suhonen S, Hartikainen M, Lopes VR, Norppa H, Ferraz N, Catalán J. Role of Surface Chemistry in the In Vitro Lung Response to Nanofibrillated Cellulose. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:389. [PMID: 33546402 PMCID: PMC7913598 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wood-derived nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has emerged as a sustainable material with a wide range of applications and increasing presence in the market. Surface charges are introduced during the preparation of NFC to facilitate the defibrillation process, which may also alter the toxicological properties of NFC. In the present study, we examined the in vitro toxicity of NFCs with five surface chemistries: nonfunctionalized, carboxymethylated, phosphorylated, sulfoethylated, and hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium-substituted. The NFC samples were characterized for surface functional group density, surface charge, and fiber morphology. Fibril aggregates predominated in the nonfunctionalized NFC, while individual nanofibrils were observed in the functionalized NFCs. Differences in surface group density among the functionalized NFCs were reflected in the fiber thickness of these samples. In human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, all NFCs showed low cytotoxicity (CellTiter-GloVR luminescent cell viability assay) which never exceeded 10% at any exposure time. None of the NFCs induced genotoxic effects, as evaluated by the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The nonfunctionalized and carboxymethylated NFCs were able to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (chloromethyl derivative of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay). However, ROS induction did not result in increased DNA or chromosome damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Satu Suhonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Mira Hartikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Viviana R. Lopes
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (V.R.L.); (N.F.)
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (V.R.L.); (N.F.)
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (K.A.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (H.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Gonçalves JP, Pipek LZ, Donaghey TC, DeLoid GM, Demokritou P, Brain JD, Molina RM. Effects of Ingested Nanomaterials on Tissue Distribution of Co-ingested Zinc and Iron in Normal and Zinc-Deficient Mice. NANOIMPACT 2021; 21:S2452-0748(20)30073-2. [PMID: 33521386 PMCID: PMC7839970 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) reduced serum triglyceride levels in rats when co-administered with heavy cream by gavage. Do CNF and other nanomaterials (NMs) alter the tissue distribution and retention of co-administered metal ions? We evaluated whether 5 different NMs affected tissue distribution of co-ingested 65Zn++ and 59Fe+++ in zinc-replete versus zinc-deficient mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either zinc-replete or zinc-deficient diets for 3 weeks, followed by gavage with NM suspensions in water containing both 65ZnCl2 and 59FeCl3. Urine and feces were measured for 48 h post-gavage. Mice were euthanized and samples of 22 tissues were collected and analyzed for 65Zn and 59Fe in a gamma counter. Our data show that zinc deficiency alters the tissue distribution of 65Zn but not of 59Fe, indicating that zinc and iron homeostasis are regulated by distinct mechanisms. Among the tested NMs, soluble starch-coated chitosan nanoparticles, cellulose nanocrystals, and TiO2 reduced Zn and Fe tissue retention in zinc-deficient but not in zinc-replete animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnatan P. Gonçalves
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo-SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Z. Pipek
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo-SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Thomas C. Donaghey
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glen M. DeLoid
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph D. Brain
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramon M. Molina
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Nagano T, Arai Y, Yano H, Aoki T, Kurihara S, Hirano R, Nishinari K. Improved physicochemical and functional properties of okara, a soybean residue, by nanocellulose technologies for food development – A review. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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He X, Lu W, Sun C, Khalesi H, Mata A, Andaleeb R, Fang Y. Cellulose and cellulose derivatives: Different colloidal states and food-related applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117334. [PMID: 33436177 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of new sources and isolation processes has recently enhanced the production of cellulose in many different colloidal states. Even though cellulose is widely used as a functional ingredient in the food industry, the relationship between the colloidal states of cellulose and its applications is mostly unknown. This review covers the recent progress on illustrating various colloidal states of cellulose and the influencing factors with special emphasis on the correlation between the colloidal states of cellulose and its applications in food industry. The associated unique colloidal states of cellulose like high aspect ratio, crystalline structure, surface charge, and wettability not only promote the stability of colloidal systems, but also help improve the nutritional aspects of cellulose by facilitating its interactions with digestive system. Further studies are required for the rational control and improvement of the colloidal states of cellulose and producing food systems with enhanced functional and nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang He
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cuixia Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hoda Khalesi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Analucia Mata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rani Andaleeb
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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21
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Motelica L, Ficai D, Ficai A, Oprea OC, Kaya DA, Andronescu E. Biodegradable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Trends and Perspectives. Foods 2020; 9:E1438. [PMID: 33050581 PMCID: PMC7601795 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a perspective on the research trends and solutions from recent years in the domain of antimicrobial packaging materials. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities can be induced by the main polymer used for packaging or by addition of various components from natural agents (bacteriocins, essential oils, natural extracts, etc.) to synthetic agents, both organic and inorganic (Ag, ZnO, TiO2 nanoparticles, synthetic antibiotics etc.). The general trend for the packaging evolution is from the inert and polluting plastic waste to the antimicrobial active, biodegradable or edible, biopolymer film packaging. Like in many domains this transition is an evolution rather than a revolution, and changes are coming in small steps. Changing the public perception and industry focus on the antimicrobial packaging solutions will enhance the shelf life and provide healthier food, thus diminishing the waste of agricultural resources, but will also reduce the plastic pollution generated by humankind as most new polymers used for packaging are from renewable sources and are biodegradable. Polysaccharides (like chitosan, cellulose and derivatives, starch etc.), lipids and proteins (from vegetal or animal origin), and some other specific biopolymers (like polylactic acid or polyvinyl alcohol) have been used as single component or in blends to obtain antimicrobial packaging materials. Where the package's antimicrobial and antioxidant activities need a larger spectrum or a boost, certain active substances are embedded, encapsulated, coated, grafted into or onto the polymeric film. This review tries to cover the latest updates on the antimicrobial packaging, edible or not, using as support traditional and new polymers, with emphasis on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Motelica
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
- Section of Chemical Sciences, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Cristian Oprea
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Durmuş Alpaslan Kaya
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31030 Antakya Hatay, Turkey;
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (A.F.); (E.A.)
- Section of Chemical Sciences, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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In Vitro Biological Impact of Nanocellulose Fibers on Human Gut Bacteria and Gastrointestinal Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061159. [PMID: 32545575 PMCID: PMC7353236 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wood-derived nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has long been recognized as a valuable nanomaterial for food-related applications. However, the safety of NFC cannot be predicted just from the chemical nature of cellulose, and there is a need to establish the effect of the nanofibers on the gastrointestinal tract, to reassure the safe use of NFC in food-related products. The present work selected the intestinal cells Caco-2 and the gut bacteria Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus reuteri to evaluate the in vitro biological response to NFC. NFC materials with different surface modifications (carboxymethylation, hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium substitution, phosphorylation and sulfoethylation) and unmodified NFC were investigated. The materials were characterized in terms of surface functional group content, fiber morphology, zeta potential and degree of crystallinity. The Caco-2 cell response to the materials was evaluated by assessing metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity. The effects of the NFC materials on the model bacteria were evaluated by measuring bacterial growth (optical density at 600 nm) and by determining colony forming units counts after NFC exposure. Results showed no sign of cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells exposed to the NFC materials, and NFC surface functionalization did not impact the cell response. Interestingly, a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli was observed while the materials did not affect the growth of L. reuteri. The present findings are foreseen to contribute to increase the knowledge about the potential oral toxicity of NFC and, in turn, add to the development of safe NFC-based food products.
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Vikulina A, Voronin D, Fakhrullin R, Vinokurov V, Volodkin D. Naturally derived nano- and micro-drug delivery vehicles: halloysite, vaterite and nanocellulose. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06470b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We discuss prospects for halloysite nanotubes, vaterite crystals and nanocellulose to enter the market of biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering, and their potential for economically viable production from abundant natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vikulina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology
- Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
| | - Denis Voronin
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Moscow, 119991
- Russian Federation
- Saratov State University
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Moscow, 119991
- Russian Federation
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kreml uramı 18
| | - Vladimir Vinokurov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Moscow, 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Moscow, 119991
- Russian Federation
- School of Science and Technology
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