1
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Rezaeerod K, Heinzmann H, Torrence AV, Patel J, Forsythe JG. Qualitative Monitoring of Proto-Peptide Condensation by Differential FTIR Spectroscopy. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:937-944. [PMID: 38774359 PMCID: PMC11103710 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Condensation processes such as wet-dry cycling are thought to have played significant roles in the emergence of proto-peptides. Here, we describe a simple and low-cost method, differential Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, for qualitative analysis of peptide condensation products in model primordial reactions. We optimize differential FTIR for depsipeptides and apply this method to investigate their polymerization in the presence of extraterrestrial dust simulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Rezaeerod
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of
Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Hanna Heinzmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of
Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
- Analytical
and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Aalen University, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Alexis V. Torrence
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of
Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Jui Patel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of
Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Jay G. Forsythe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of
Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
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2
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Zhao W, Debnath D, Gautam I, Fernando LD, Wang T. Charting the solid-state NMR signals of polysaccharides: A database-driven roadmap. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:298-309. [PMID: 37724740 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) measurements of intact cell walls and cellular samples often generate spectra that are difficult to interpret due to the presence of many coexisting glycans and the structural polymorphism observed in native conditions. To overcome this analytical challenge, we present a statistical approach for analyzing carbohydrate signals using high-resolution ssNMR data indexed in a carbohydrate database. We generate simulated spectra to demonstrate the chemical shift dispersion and compare this with experimental data to facilitate the identification of important fungal and plant polysaccharides, such as chitin and glucans in fungi and cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic polymers in plants. We also demonstrate that chemically distinct carbohydrates from different organisms may produce almost identical signals, highlighting the need for high-resolution spectra and validation of resonance assignments. Our study provides a means to differentiate the characteristic signals of major carbohydrates and allows us to summarize currently undetected polysaccharides in plants and fungi, which may inspire future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Debkumar Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Isha Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Ye L, Zhang QQ, Lin S, Zhang Q, Yan J, Wu DT, Liu SX, Qin W. A Polysaccharide from Ficus carica L. Exerts Immunomodulatory Activity in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Models. Foods 2024; 13:195. [PMID: 38254496 PMCID: PMC10814953 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Ficus carica L. (FCP) exert multiple biological activities. As a biological macromolecule, the available knowledge about the specific structures and mechanisms of the biological activity of purified 'Brunswick' fig polysaccharides is currently limited. In the present study, chemical purification and characteristics were identified via chemical and instrumental analysis, and then the impact of FCP on immunomodulation activity in vitro and in vivo was examined. Structural characteristics showed that the molecular weight of the FCP sample was determined to be 127.5 kDa; the primary monosaccharides present in the FCP sample were galacturonic acid (GalA), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glc), and xylose (Xyl) at a ratio of 0.321:0.287:0.269:0.091:0.013:0.011. Based on the investigation of in vitro immunomodulatory activity, FCP was found to stimulate the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, and increased the pinocytic activity of macrophages. Further analysis revealed that FCP activated macrophages by interacting with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, the in vivo test results indicate that FCP showed a significant increase in serum pro-inflammatory factors in immunosuppressed mice. Overall, this study suggests that FCP has the potential to be utilized as a novel immunomodulator in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Y.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.-X.L.)
| | - Qin-Qiu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Y.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.-X.L.)
| | - Shang Lin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Y.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.-X.L.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Y.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.-X.L.)
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Y.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.-X.L.)
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Shu-Xiang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Y.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.-X.L.)
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Y.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.-X.L.)
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4
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Viola M, Migliorini C, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Cencetti C, Di Risola D, Mosca L, Masuelli L, Matricardi P, Di Meo C. Polyacrylate-Cholesterol Amphiphilic Derivative: Formulation Development and Scale-up for Health Care Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:482. [PMID: 37754896 PMCID: PMC10532428 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel amphiphilic polyacrylate grafted with cholesterol moieties, PAAbCH, previously synthesized, was deeply characterized and investigated in the lab and on a pre-industrial scale. Solid-state NMR analysis confirmed the polymer structure, and several water-based pharmaceutical and cosmetic products were developed. In particular, stable oil/water emulsions with vegetable oils, squalene, and ceramides were prepared, as well as hydrophilic medicated films loaded with diclofenac, providing a prolonged drug release. PAAbCH also formed polyelectrolyte hydrogel complexes with chitosan, both at the macro- and nano-scale. The results demonstrate that this polymer has promising potential as an innovative excipient, acting as a solubility enhancer, viscosity enhancer, and emulsifying agent with an easy scale-up transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Viola
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Claudia Migliorini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, Fédération Sciences Chimiques Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France;
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13013 Marseille, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Di Risola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.M.); (P.M.)
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5
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Naficy S, Ramezani M, Cunningham M, Jessop P. CO 2-responsive gels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3470-3542. [PMID: 37128844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CO2-responsive materials undergo a change in chemical or physical properties in response to the introduction or removal of CO2. The use of CO2 as a stimulus is advantageous as it is abundant, benign, inexpensive, and it does not accumulate in a system. Many CO2-responsive materials have already been explored including polymers, latexes, surfactants, and catalysts. As a sub-set of CO2-responsive polymers, the study of CO2-responsive gels (insoluble, cross-linked polymers) is a unique discipline due to the unique set of changes in the gels brought about by CO2 such as swelling or a transformed morphology. In the past 15 years, CO2-responsive gels and self-assembled gels have been investigated for a variety of emerging potential applications, reported in 90 peer-reviewed publications. The two most widely exploited properties include the control of flow (fluids) via CO2-triggered aggregation and their capacity for reversible CO2 absorption-desorption, leading to applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration, respectively. In this paper, we review the preparation, properties, and applications of these CO2-responsive gels, broadly classified by particle size as nanogels, microgels, aerogels, and macrogels. We have included a section on CO2-induced self-assembled gels (including poly(ionic liquid) gels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Centre for Excellence in Advanced Food Enginomics (CAFE), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maedeh Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
| | - Michael Cunningham
- Department of Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Philip Jessop
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
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6
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Cui F, Xi L, Wang D, Tan X, Li J, Li T. High-Release, Residue-Free Polysaccharide Hydrogel for Refrigerated Food Preservation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6035-6046. [PMID: 36689615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of tons of food resources are wasted annually due to microbial contamination. Effective food packaging can prevent food contamination and wastage. However, traditional food packaging has the problem of low release of bioactive substances. This study aimed to prepare a pH-responsive polysaccharide hydrogel (GDPP) by double cross-linking of ester and hydrogen bonds that could result in a high release of bioactive substances and no residual peeling. The infrared results showed the existence of ester bonds in the hydrogel, and the scanning electron microscopy results showed the porous network structure of the hydrogel. The results of texture profile analysis and self-healing tests showed that GDPP-1 has good mechanical and self-healing properties. Moreover, the ester bond of the hydrogel broke in response to the pH in the environment, improving the swelling and release properties of the hydrogel. The equilibrium swelling ratio of GDPP-1 was greater than 1000%, and the release rate of bioactive substances was more than 80%. Notably, the results of peeling experiments showed that only 0.1 N external force was needed to separate the hydrogel from the salmon, and no residue was observed on the salmon surface. The final freshness test results showed that the hydrogel effectively prolonged the shelf life of refrigerated salmon for 3-6 days. These findings indicated that hydrogels could be used in food packaging to extend the shelf life of refrigerated food. Furthermore, their advantages of low cost and simple preparation can better meet the needs of food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning121013, China
| | - Liqing Xi
- College of Food Science and Technology; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning121013, China
| | - Dangfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning121013, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Xiqian Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning121013, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, Liaoning116029, China
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7
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Alassmy YA, Abduljawad MM, Al‐shamrani KM, Alnafisah MS, El Nokab MEH, Pour ZA, Gomes DR, Yolcu S, Sebakhy KO. A green/sustainable organocatalytic pathway for the preparation of esterified supercritical
CO
2
‐dried potato starch products. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A. Alassmy
- National Center for Chemical Technologies King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan M. Abduljawad
- National Center for Chemical Technologies King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Al‐shamrani
- National Center for Chemical Technologies King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Alnafisah
- National Center for Chemical Technologies King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zahra Asgar Pour
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Diego R. Gomes
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Selin Yolcu
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Khaled O. Sebakhy
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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8
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Srivastava N, Choudhury AR. Stimuli-Responsive Polysaccharide-Based Smart Hydrogels and Their Emerging Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Srivastava
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anirban Roy Choudhury
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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9
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Karvinen J, Kellomäki M. Characterization of self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Yang HR, Li X, Liu H, Zhao DR, Zeng YJ. Novel polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng with immunoregulation and prebiotic effects. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Electrochemically Enhanced Delivery of Pemetrexed from Electroactive Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224953. [PMID: 36433079 PMCID: PMC9692448 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroactive hydrogels based on derivatives of polyethyleneglycol (PEG), chitosan and polypyrrole were prepared via a combination of photopolymerization and oxidative chemical polymerization, and optionally doped with anions (e.g., lignin, drugs, etc.). The products were analyzed with a variety of techniques, including: FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR (solution state), 13C NMR (solid state), XRD, TGA, SEM, swelling ratios and rheology. The conductive gels swell ca. 8 times less than the non-conductive gels due to the presence of the interpenetrating network (IPN) of polypyrrole and lignin. A rheological study showed that the non-conductive gels are soft (G' 0.35 kPa, G″ 0.02 kPa) with properties analogous to brain tissue, whereas the conductive gels are significantly stronger (G' 30 kPa, G″ 19 kPa) analogous to breast tissue due to the presence of the IPN of polypyrrole and lignin. The potential of these biomaterials to be used for biomedical applications was validated in vitro by cell culture studies (assessing adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts) and drug delivery studies (electrochemically loading the FDA-approved chemotherapeutic pemetrexed and measuring passive and stimulated release); indeed, the application of electrical stimulus enhanced the release of PEM from gels by ca. 10-15% relative to the passive release control experiment for each application of electrical stimulation over a short period analogous to the duration of stimulation applied for electrochemotherapy. It is foreseeable that such materials could be integrated in electrochemotherapeutic medical devices, e.g., electrode arrays or plates currently used in the clinic.
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12
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Lyophilization induces physicochemical alterations in cryptococcal exopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119547. [PMID: 35698377 PMCID: PMC10064552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharide characterization requires purification that often involves detergent precipitation and lyophilization. Here we examined physicochemical changes following lyophilization of Cryptococcus neoformans exopolysaccharide (EPS). Solution 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) reveals significant anomeric signal attenuation following lyophilization of native EPS while 1H solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) shows few changes, suggesting diminished molecular motion and consequent broadening of 1H NMR polysaccharide resonances. 13C ssNMR, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy show that, while native EPS has rigid molecular characteristics and contains small, loosely packed polysaccharide assemblies, lyophilized and resuspended EPS is disordered and contains larger dense aggregates, suggesting that structural water molecules in the interior of the polysaccharide assemblies are removed during extensive lyophilization. Importantly, mAbs to C. neoformans polysaccharide bind native EPS more strongly than lyophilized EPS. Together, these observations argue for caution when interpreting the biological and immunological attributes of polysaccharides that have been lyophilized to dryness.
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13
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Singh A, Agarwal A, Chakraborty A, Bhardwaj R, Sutradhar S, Kumar Mittal A, Kumar Rajput S, Gupta M, Ray D, Mukherjee M. Click chemistry tailored benzimidazole functionalized triazole block-co-polymer for emergence of exotic chimaeric nano-crystalsomes. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Mukherjee S, Jana S, Khawas S, Kicuntod J, Marschall M, Ray B, Ray S. Synthesis, molecular features and biological activities of modified plant polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Mattsson I, Lahtinen M, Sitdikov R, Wank B, Saloranta-Simell T, Leino R. Phase-selective low molecular weight organogelators derived from allylated d-mannose. Carbohydr Res 2022; 518:108596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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El Hariri El Nokab M, Lasorsa A, Sebakhy KO, Picchioni F, van der Wel PC. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy insights for resolving different water pools in alginate hydrogels. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD. Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:898674. [PMID: 35711557 PMCID: PMC9193282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.
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18
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Svensson SE, Oliveira AO, Adolfsson KH, Heinmaa I, Root A, Kondori N, Ferreira JA, Hakkarainen M, Zamani A. Turning food waste to antibacterial and biocompatible fungal chitin/chitosan monofilaments. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:618-630. [PMID: 35427640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, cell wall of a zygomycete fungus, Rhizopus delemar, grown on bread waste was wet spun into monofilaments. Using the whole cell wall material omits the common chitosan isolation and purification steps and leads to higher material utilization. The fungal cell wall contained 36.9% and 19.7% chitosan and chitin, respectively. Solid state NMR of the fungal cell wall material confirmed the presence of chitosan, chitin, and other carbohydrates. Hydrogels were prepared by ultrafine grinding of the cell wall, followed by addition of lactic acid to protonate the amino groups of chitosan, and subsequently wet spun into monofilaments. The monofilament inhibited the growth of Bacillus megaterium (Gram+ bacterium) and Escherichia coli (Gram- bacterium) significantly (92.2% and 99.7% respectively). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an in vitro assay with human dermal fibroblasts, indicating no toxic inducement from exposure of the monofilaments. The antimicrobial and biocompatible fungal monofilaments, open new avenues for sustainable biomedical textiles from abundant food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie E Svensson
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Ana Osório Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin H Adolfsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ivo Heinmaa
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andrew Root
- MagSol, Tuhkanummenkuja 2, 00970 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nahid Kondori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jorge A Ferreira
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Akram Zamani
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
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19
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Deligey F, Frank MA, Cho SH, Kirui A, Mentink-Vigier F, Swulius MT, Nixon BT, Wang T. Structure of In Vitro-Synthesized Cellulose Fibrils Viewed by Cryo-Electron Tomography and 13C Natural-Abundance Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2290-2301. [PMID: 35341242 PMCID: PMC9198983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cellulose, the most
abundant biopolymer, is a central source for
renewable energy and functionalized materials. In vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) has become possible using
purified cellulose synthase (CESA) isoforms from Physcomitrium
patens and hybrid aspen. The exact nature of these in vitro fibrils remains unknown. Here, we characterize in vitro-synthesized fibers made by CESAs present in membrane
fractions of P. patens over-expressing
CESA5 by cryo-electron tomography and dynamic nuclear polarization
(DNP) solid-state NMR. DNP enabled measuring two-dimensional 13C–13C correlation spectra without isotope-labeling
of the fibers. Results show structural similarity between in vitro fibrils and native CMF in plant cell walls. Intensity
quantifications agree with the 18-chain structural model for plant
CMF and indicate limited fibrillar bundling. The in vitro system thus reveals insights into cell wall synthesis and may contribute
to novel cellulosic materials. The integrated DNP and cryo-electron
tomography methods are also applicable to structural studies of other
carbohydrate-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mark A Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Matthew T Swulius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - B Tracy Nixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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20
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Solid State NMR a Powerful Technique for Investigating Sustainable/Renewable Cellulose-Based Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051049. [PMID: 35267872 PMCID: PMC8914817 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a powerful and attractive characterization method for obtaining insights into the chemical structure and dynamics of a wide range of materials. Current interest in cellulose-based materials, as sustainable and renewable natural polymer products, requires deep investigation and analysis of the chemical structure, molecular packing, end chain motion, functional modification, and solvent–matrix interactions, which strongly dictate the final product properties and tailor their end applications. In comparison to other spectroscopic techniques, on an atomic level, ssNMR is considered more advanced, especially in the structural analysis of cellulose-based materials; however, due to a dearth in the availability of a broad range of pulse sequences, and time consuming experiments, its capabilities are underestimated. This critical review article presents the comprehensive and up-to-date work done using ssNMR, including the most advanced NMR strategies used to overcome and resolve the structural difficulties present in different types of cellulose-based materials.
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21
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Shekar SC, Zhao W, Fernando LD, Hung I, Wang T. A 13C three-dimensional DQ-SQ-SQ correlation experiment for high-resolution analysis of complex carbohydrates using solid-state NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 336:107148. [PMID: 35121490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex carbohydrates are the key components of the protective cell walls of microbial pathogens and the bioenergy reservoir in plants and algae. Structural characterization of these polymorphic molecules requires assistance from multidimensional 13C correlation approaches. To facilitate the analysis of carbohydrate structure using solid-state NMR, we present a three-dimensional (3D) 13C-13C-13C experiment that includes a double-quantum (DQ) dimension and is thus free of the cube's body diagonal. The enhanced resolution supports the unambiguous resonance assignment of many polysaccharides in plant and fungal cell walls using uniformly 13C-labeled cells of spruce and Aspergillus fumigatus. Long-range structural restraints were effectively obtained to revisit our understanding of the spatial organization of plant cellulose microfibrils. The method is widely applicable to the investigations of cellular carbohydrates and carbon-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandra Shekar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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22
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Rodrigues RCLB, Green Rodrigues B, Vieira Canettieri E, Acosta Martinez E, Palladino F, Wisniewski A, Rodrigues D. Comprehensive approach of methods for microstructural analysis and analytical tools in lignocellulosic biomass assessment - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126627. [PMID: 34958907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The trend in the modern world is to replace fossil fuels with green energy sources in order to reduce their environmental impact. The biorefinery industry, within this premise, needs to establish quantitative and qualitative analytical methods to better understand lignocellulosic biomass composition and structure. This paper presents chemical techniques (chromatography, thermal analysis, HRMS, FTIR, NIR, and NMR) and physicochemical techniques (XRD, optical and electron microscopy techniques - Confocal fluorescence, Raman, SPM, AFM, SEM, and TEM) for the microstructural characterization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives. Each of these tools provides different and complementary information regarding molecular and microstructural composition of lignocellulosic biomass. Understanding these properties is essential for the design and operation of associated biomass conversion processing facilities. PAT, monitored in real-time, ensures an economical and balanced mass-energy process. This review aimed to help researchers select the most suitable analytical technique with which to investigate biomass feedstocks with recalcitrant natures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C L B Rodrigues
- Departament of Biotechnology, Lorena Engineering School, University of São Paulo (USP),12600-970, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Green Rodrigues
- Departament of Biotechnology, Lorena Engineering School, University of São Paulo (USP),12600-970, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Canettieri
- Chemistry and Energy Department, Guaratinguetá Engineering Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Acosta Martinez
- Department of Technology, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palladino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Durval Rodrigues
- Department of Materials Engineering, Lorena Engineering School, University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP, Brazil
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23
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Santagata G, Cimmino A, Poggetto GD, Zannini D, Masi M, Emendato A, Surico G, Evidente A. Polysaccharide Based Polymers Produced by Scabby Cankered Cactus Pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Infected by Neofusicoccum batangarum: Composition, Structure, and Chemico-Physical Properties. Biomolecules 2022; 12:89. [PMID: 35053237 PMCID: PMC8773635 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neofusiccocum batangarum is the causal agent of scabby canker of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.). The symptoms of this disease are characterized by crusty, perennial cankers, with a leathery, brown halo. Characteristically, a viscous polysaccharide exudate, caking on contact with air, leaks from cankers and forms strips or cerebriform masses on the surface of cactus pear cladodes. When this polysaccharide mass was partial purified, surprisingly, generated a gel. The TLC analysis and the HPLC profile of methyl 2-(polyhydroxyalkyl)-3-(o-tolylthiocarbomoyl)-thiazolidine-4R-carboxylates obtained from the mixture of monosaccharides produced by acid hydrolysis of the three EPSs examined in this research work [the polysaccharide component of the exudate (EPSC) and the EPSs extracted from asymptomatic (EPSH) and symptomatic (EPSD) cladodes] showed the presence of d-galactose, l-rhamnose, and d-glucose in a 1:1:0.5 ratio in EPSC while d-galactose, l-rhamnose, d-glucose, and d-xylose at the same ratio were observed in EPSH and EPSD. The presence of uronic acid residues in EPSC was also showed by solid state NMR and IR investigation. Furthermore, this manuscript reports the chemical-physical characterization of the gel produced by the infected cactus pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santagata
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Giovanni Dal Poggetto
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Domenico Zannini
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Alessandro Emendato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
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24
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Irshadeen IM, Walden SL, Wegener M, Truong VX, Frisch H, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Action Plots in Action: In-Depth Insights into Photochemical Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21113-21126. [PMID: 34859671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Predicting wavelength-dependent photochemical reactivity is challenging. Herein, we revive the well-established tool of measuring action spectra and adapt the technique to map wavelength-resolved covalent bond formation and cleavage in what we term "photochemical action plots". Underpinned by tunable lasers, which allow excitation of molecules with near-perfect wavelength precision, the photoinduced reactivity of several reaction classes have been mapped in detail. These include photoinduced cycloadditions and bond formation based on photochemically generated o-quinodimethanes and 1,3-dipoles such as nitrile imines as well as radical photoinitiator cleavage. Organized by reaction class, these data demonstrate that UV/vis spectra fail to act as a predictor for photochemical reactivity at a given wavelength in most of the examined reactions, with the photochemical reactivity being strongly red shifted in comparison to the absorption spectrum. We provide an encompassing perspective of the power of photochemical action plots for bond-forming reactions and their emerging applications in the design of wavelength-selective photoresists and photoresponsive soft-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrath Mohamed Irshadeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vinh X Truong
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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van der Wel PCA. Dihedral Angle Measurements for Structure Determination by Biomolecular Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:791090. [PMID: 34938776 PMCID: PMC8685456 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.791090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In structural studies of immobilized, aggregated and self-assembled biomolecules, solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy can provide valuable high-resolution structural information. Among the structural restraints provided by magic angle spinning (MAS) ssNMR the canonical focus is on inter-atomic distance measurements. In the current review, we examine the utility of ssNMR measurements of angular constraints, as a complement to distance-based structure determination. The focus is on direct measurements of angular restraints via the judicious recoupling of multiple anisotropic ssNMR parameters, such as dipolar couplings and chemical shift anisotropies. Recent applications are highlighted, with a focus on studies of nanocrystalline polypeptides, aggregated peptides and proteins, receptor-substrate interactions, and small molecule interactions with amyloid protein fibrils. The review also examines considerations of when and where ssNMR torsion angle experiments are (most) effective, and discusses challenges and opportunities for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. A. van der Wel
- Solid-state NMR Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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26
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Lends A, Berbon M, Habenstein B, Nishiyama Y, Loquet A. Protein resonance assignment by solid-state NMR based on 1H-detected 13C double-quantum spectroscopy at fast MAS. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2021; 75:417-427. [PMID: 34813018 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-021-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study insoluble and non-crystalline proteins and protein complexes at atomic resolution. The development of proton (1H) detection at fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) has considerably increased the analytical capabilities of the technique, enabling the acquisition of 1H-detected fingerprint experiments in few hours. Here an approach based on double-quantum (DQ) 13C spectroscopy, detected on 1H, is proposed for fast MAS regime (> 60 kHz) to perform the sequential assignment of insoluble proteins of small size, without any specific deuteration requirement. By combining two three-dimensional 1H detected experiments correlating a 13C DQ dimension respectively to its intra-residue and sequential 15 N-1H pairs, a sequential walk through DQ (Ca + CO) resonance is obtained. The approach takes advantage of fast MAS to achieve an efficient sensitivity and the addition of a DQ dimension provides spectral features useful for the resonance assignment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alons Lends
- CNRS, Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN), UMR 5348, Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- CNRS, Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN), UMR 5348, Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- CNRS, Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN), UMR 5348, Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan.
| | - Antoine Loquet
- CNRS, Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (CBMN), UMR 5348, Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France.
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27
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Chakraborty A, Fernando LD, Fang W, Dickwella Widanage MC, Wei P, Jin C, Fontaine T, Latgé JP, Wang T. A molecular vision of fungal cell wall organization by functional genomics and solid-state NMR. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6346. [PMID: 34732740 PMCID: PMC8566572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vast efforts have been devoted to the development of antifungal drugs targeting the cell wall, but the supramolecular architecture of this carbohydrate-rich composite remains insufficiently understood. Here we compare the cell wall structure of a fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and four mutants depleted of major structural polysaccharides. High-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy of intact cells reveals a rigid core formed by chitin, β-1,3-glucan, and α-1,3-glucan, with galactosaminogalactan and galactomannan present in the mobile phase. Gene deletion reshuffles the composition and spatial organization of polysaccharides, with significant changes in their dynamics and water accessibility. The distribution of α-1,3-glucan in chemically isolated and dynamically distinct domains supports its functional diversity. Identification of valines in the alkali-insoluble carbohydrate core suggests a putative function in stabilizing macromolecular complexes. We propose a revised model of cell wall architecture which will improve our understanding of the structural response of fungal pathogens to stresses. The fungal cell wall is a complex structure composed mainly of glucans, chitin and glycoproteins. Here, the authors use solid-state NMR spectroscopy to assess the cell wall architecture of Aspergillus fumigatus, comparing wild-type cells and mutants lacking major structural polysaccharides, with insights into the distinct functions of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Wenxia Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | | | - Pingzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thierry Fontaine
- Unité de Biologie et pathogénicité fongiques, INRAE, USC2019, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Institute of Molecular biology and Biotechnology (IMBBFORTH), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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28
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Characterization of Sodium Alginate Hydrogels Reinforced with Nanoparticles of Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172927. [PMID: 34502967 PMCID: PMC8434489 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers working in biomedical science and technology have investigated alternatives for enhancing the mechanical properties of biomedical materials. In this work, sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel-reinforced nanoparticles (NPs) of hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared to enhance the mechanical properties of this polymer. Compression tests showed an increase of 354.54% in ultimate compressive strength (UCS), and 154.36% in Young’s modulus with the addition of these NPs compared with pure SA. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the amount of residual water is not negligible and covered a range from 20 to 35 wt%, and the decomposition degree of the alginate depends on the hydroxyapatite content, possibly due to the displacement of sodium ions by the hydroxyapatite and not by calcium chloride. Further, there is an important effect possibly due to the existence of an interaction of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl of the alginate and the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyapatite, so signals appear upfield in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. An increase in the accumulation of HA particles was observed with the use of X-ray microtomography, in which the quantified volume of particles per reconstructed volume corresponded accordingly to the increase in the mechanical properties of the hydrogel.
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29
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Cañada FJ, Canales Á, Valverde P, de Toro BF, Martínez-Orts M, Phillips PO, Pereda A. Conformational and Structural characterization of carbohydrates and their interactions studied by NMR. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1147-1172. [PMID: 34225601 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210705154046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, either free or as glycans conjugated with other biomolecules, participate in many essential biological processes. Their apparent simplicity in terms of chemical functionality hides an extraordinary diversity and structural complexity. Deeply deciphering at the atomic level their structures is essential to understand their biological function and activities, but it is still a challenging task in need of complementary approaches and no generalized procedures are available to address the study of such complex, natural glycans. The versatility of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) often makes it the preferred choice to study glycans and carbohydrates in solution media. The most basic NMR parameters, namely chemical shifts, coupling constants and nuclear Overhauser effects, allow defining short or repetitive chain sequences and characterize their structures and local geometries either in the free state or when interacting with other biomolecules, rendering additional information on the molecular recognition processes. The increased accessibility to carbohydrate molecules extensively or selectively labeled with 13C boosts the resolution and detail that analyzed glycan structures can reach. In turn, structural information derived from NMR, complemented with molecular modeling and theoretical calculations can also provide dynamic information on the conformational flexibility of carbohydrate structures. Furthermore, using partially oriented media or paramagnetic perturbations, it has been possible to introduce additional long-range observables rendering structural information on longer and branched glycan chains. In this review, we provide examples of these studies and an overview of the recent and most relevant NMR applications in the glycobiology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Cañada
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Canales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, C.P. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández de Toro
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Orts
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, C.P. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Oquist Phillips
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Pereda
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Kirui A, Du J, Zhao W, Barnes W, Kang X, Anderson CT, Xiao C, Wang T. A pectin methyltransferase modulates polysaccharide dynamics and interactions in Arabidopsis primary cell walls: Evidence from solid-state NMR. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118370. [PMID: 34364615 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell walls contain cellulose embedded in matrix polysaccharides. Understanding carbohydrate structures and interactions is critical to the production of biofuel and biomaterials using these natural resources. Here we present a solid-state NMR study of cellulose and pectin in 13C-labeled cell walls of Arabidopsis wild-type and mutant plants. Using 1D 13C and 2D 13C-13C correlation experiments, we detected a highly branched arabinan structure in qua2 and tsd2 samples, two allelic mutants for a pectin methyltransferase. Both mutants show close physical association between cellulose and the backbones of pectic homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I. Relaxation and dipolar order parameters revealed enhanced microsecond dynamics due to polymer disorder in the mutants, but restricted motional amplitudes due to tighter pectin-cellulose associations. These molecular data shed light on polymer structure and packing in these two pectin mutants, helping to elucidate how pectin could influence cell wall architecture at the nanoscale, cell wall mechanics, and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - William Barnes
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xue Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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El Hariri El Nokab M, Sebakhy KO. Solid State NMR Spectroscopy a Valuable Technique for Structural Insights of Advanced Thin Film Materials: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1494. [PMID: 34200088 PMCID: PMC8228666 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR has proven to be a versatile technique for studying the chemical structure, 3D structure and dynamics of all sorts of chemical compounds. In nanotechnology and particularly in thin films, the study of chemical modification, molecular packing, end chain motion, distance determination and solvent-matrix interactions is essential for controlling the final product properties and applications. Despite its atomic-level research capabilities and recent technical advancements, solid-state NMR is still lacking behind other spectroscopic techniques in the field of thin films due to the underestimation of NMR capabilities, availability, great variety of nuclei and pulse sequences, lack of sensitivity for quadrupole nuclei and time-consuming experiments. This article will comprehensively and critically review the work done by solid-state NMR on different types of thin films and the most advanced NMR strategies, which are beyond conventional, and the hardware design used to overcome the technical issues in thin-film research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha El Hariri El Nokab
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Khaled O. Sebakhy
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Su H, Zheng R, Jiang L, Zeng N, Yu K, Zhi Y, Shan S. Dextran hydrogels via disulfide-containing Schiff base formation: Synthesis, stimuli-sensitive degradation and release behaviors. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118085. [PMID: 33966849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dextran hydrogels (Dex-SS) containing both disulfide and Schiff base bonds were developed via facile method based on the dextran oxidation and subsequent formation of Schiff base linkages between polyaldehyde dextran and cystamine, denoted as the disulfide-containing Schiff base reactions. Results of rheology, swelling and 13C CP/MAS NMR study indicated that cross-linking degree of Dex-SS hydrogels depended strongly on the molar ratio of -CHO/-NH2. Acidic and reductive (GSH) environment sensitive degradation behaviors of Dex-SS hydrogels were then evidenced by SEM, rheology study and Ellman's assay. Moreover, doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the hydrogel matrix and pH/GSH-responsive release behaviors were demonstrated. Cytocompatibility of Dex-SS hydrogel and effective cell uptake of released DOX was finally proved by transwell assay with HepG2 cells. Take advantages of the abundance of vicinal hydroxyl on a variety of polysaccharides, the disulfide-containing Schiff base reactions is considered as versatile method to develop stimuli-sensitive hydrogels for local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Su
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Rong Zheng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Linrui Jiang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunfei Zhi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shaoyun Shan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
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Tang RZ, Liu ZZ, Gu SS, Liu XQ. Multiple local therapeutics based on nano-hydrogel composites in breast cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1521-1535. [PMID: 33474559 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The locoregional recurrence of breast cancer after tumor resection represents several clinical challenges, and conventional post-surgical adjuvant therapeutics always bring about significant systemic side effects. Thus, the local therapy strategy has received considerable interest in breast cancer treatment, and hydrogels can function as ideal platforms due to their remarkable properties such as good biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, and multifunctionality. The nano-hydrogel composites can further incorporate the advantages of nanomaterials into the hydrogel system, to fabricate hierarchical structures for stimulating controlled multi-stage release of different therapeutic agents and improving the synergistic effects of combination therapy. In this review, the problems of clinical treatments of breast cancer and properties of hydrogels in current biomedical applications are briefly overviewed. The focus is on recent advances in local therapy based on nano-hydrogel composites for both monotherapy (chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy) and combination therapy (dual chemotherapy, photothermal chemotherapy, photothermal immunotherapy, radio-chemotherapy). Moreover, the challenges and perspectives in the development of advanced nano-hydrogel systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Sai-Sai Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Xi-Qiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.
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Braun GA, Pogostin BH, Pucetaite M, Londergan CH, Åkerfeldt KS. Deuterium-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Histidine pK a Determination in a pH-Responsive Hydrogel. Biophys J 2020; 119:1701-1705. [PMID: 33080220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a method for the determination of the pKa of histidine in complex or heterogeneous systems amenable to neither solid-state nor solution NMR spectroscopy. Careful synthesis of a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl- and trityl-protected, C2-deuterated histidine produces a vibrational-probe-equipped amino acid that can readily be incorporated into any peptide accessible by standard solid-phase methods. The frequency of the unique, Raman-active stretching vibration of this C2-D probe is a clear reporter of the protonation state of histidine. We investigate here a pH-sensitive peptide that self-assembles to form a hydrogel at neutral pH. The pKa of the lone histidine residue in the peptide, which is likely responsible for this pH-dependent behavior, cannot be investigated by NMR spectroscopy because of the supramolecular, soft nature of the gel. However, after synthesizing a C2-deuterated-histidine-containing peptide, we were able to follow the protonation state of histidine throughout a pH titration using Raman difference spectroscopy, thereby precisely determining the pKa of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania; Centre for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Brett H Pogostin
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania
| | - Milda Pucetaite
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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