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Huang J, Wang H, Chen H, Liu Z, Zhang X, Tang H, Wei S, Zhou W, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhao L, Yuan Q. Structural analysis and in vitro fermentation characteristics of an Avicennia marina fruit RG-I pectin as a potential prebiotic. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122236. [PMID: 38763717 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. is a highly salt-tolerant mangrove, and its fruit has been traditionally used for treating constipation and dysentery. In this study, a pectin (AMFPs-0-1) was extracted and isolated from this fruit for the first time, its structure was analyzed, and the effects on the human gut microbiota were investigated. The results indicated that AMFPs-0-1 with a molecular weight of 798 kDa had a backbone consisting of alternating →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ residues and side chains composed of →3-α-L-Araf-(1→-linked arabinan with a terminal β-L-Araf, →5-α-L-Araf-(1→-linked arabinan, and →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→-linked galactan that linked to the C-4 positions of all α-L-Rhap residues in the backbone. It belongs to a type I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) pectin but has no arabinogalactosyl chains. AMFPs-0-1 could be consumed by human gut microbiota and increase the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Mitsuokella, and Megasphaera, which could help fight digestive disorders. These findings provide a structural basis for the potential application of A. marina fruit RG-I pectic polysaccharides in improving human intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Huaqun Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zidong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Shiying Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
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Guo H, Li H, Ran W, Yu W, Xiao Y, Gan R, Gao H. Structural and functional characteristics of pectins from three cultivars of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) pomaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132002. [PMID: 38702009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, structural properties, and biological properties of pectin polysaccharides (AP-FS, AP-QG, and AP-HG) isolated from different varieties of apple pomace. Based on the methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, the structure of AP-FS was determined to be composed of an α-1,4-linked homogalacturonan backbone that exhibited high levels of O-6 methylation. All pectins exhibit potent inhibitory activity against human colon cancer and human liver cancer cells, along with immunostimulatory effects. Among them, AP-FS exhibited the highest activity level. Finally, we further investigated the underlying mechanism behind the effect of AP-FS on RAW 264.7 cells using proteomics analysis. Our findings revealed that AP-FS triggers RAW 264.7 macrophage activation via NOD-like receptor (NLR), NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, our research contributes to a better understanding of the structure-function relationship among apple pectins, and AP-FS has the potential to be applied to dietary supplements targeting immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hang Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenyi Ran
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenyue Yu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Renyou Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Kotani Y, Shibata N, Lin MI, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Sakamoto T. Fractionation of cassava pectins and their detailed structural analyses using various pectinolytic enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132054. [PMID: 38704063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the pectin structure within the pulp of cassava. Cassava pectin, derived from cassava pulp treatment at 120 °C for 90 min, was separated into four fractions (CP-P, CP-SD1, CP-SD2F, and CP-SD2R) based on variations in water solubility, electrical properties, and molecular weights. Sugar composition analysis demonstrated an abundance of homogalacturonan (HG) in CP-P and CP-SD2F, rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) in CP-SD2R, and neutral sugars in CP-SD1. Because RG-I possesses a complex structure, we analyzed CP-SD2R using various pectinolytic enzymes. Galactose was the major sugar in CP-SD2R accounting for 49 %, of which 65 % originated from arabinogalactan I, 9 % from galactose and galactooligosaccharides, 5 % from arabinogalactan II, and 11 % from galactoarabinan. Seventy-four percent of arabinose in CP-SD2R was present as galactoarabinan. The methylation (DM) and acetylation (DAc) degrees of cassava pectin were 11 and 15 %, respectively. The HG and RG-I regions exhibited DAc values of 5 and 44 %, respectively, signifying the high DAc of RG-I compared to HG. Information derived from the structural analysis of cassava pectin will enable efficient degradation of pectin and cellulose, leading to the use of cassava pulp as a raw material for biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kotani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Nozomu Shibata
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580, Japan
| | - Meng-I Lin
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580, Japan
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Yuan Q, Liang R, Lv K, Shi X, Leng J, Liu Y, Xiao J, Zhang L, Zhao L. Structural characterization of a Chlorella heteropolysaccharide by analyzing its depolymerized product and finding an inducer of human dendritic cell maturation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:122000. [PMID: 38494209 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Chlorella polysaccharides have been gaining increasing attention because of their high yield from dried Chlorella powder and their remarkable immunomodulatory activity. In this study, the major polysaccharide fraction, CPP-3a, in Chlorella pyrenoidosa, was isolated, and its detailed structure was investigated by analyzing the low-molecular-weight product prepared via free radical depolymerization. The results indicated that CPP-3a with a molecular weight of 195.2 kDa was formed by →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-D-Rhap-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→, →2,3)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and →2,3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ residues, branched at C2, C3, C4, or C6 of α/β-D-Galp and α-D-Manp, and terminated by α/β-L-Araf, α-L-Arap, α-D-Galp, and β-D-Glcp. Biological assays showed that CPP-3a significantly altered the dendritic morphology of immature dendritic cells (DCs). Enhanced CD80, CD86, and MHC I expression on the cell surface and decreased phagocytic ability indicated that CPP-3a could induce the maturation of DCs. Furthermore, CPP-3a-stimulated DCs not only stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cells and the secretion of IFN-γ, but also directly stimulated the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells through cross-antigen presentation. These findings indicate that CPP-3a can promote human DC maturation and T-cell stimulation and may be a novel DC maturation inducer with potential developmental value in DC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Rongyi Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Kunling Lv
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
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Yang J, Liao Y, Cao C, Yu Q, Zhang D, Yan C. Structural identification and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of a pectin-arabinoglucuronogalactan complex, AOPB-1-1, isolated from Asparagus officinalis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131593. [PMID: 38631571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Asparagus officinalis L. is a horticultural crop that contains a variety of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory effects. Aqueous extracts of A. officinalis can noticeably improve the learning and memory function of model mice. Herein, a pectin-arabinoglucuronogalactan complex (AOPB-1-1) with a relative molecular weight of 90.8 kDa was isolated from A. officinalis. The repeating structural unit of AOPB-1-1 was identified through monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, uronic acid reduction, partial acid hydrolysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AOPB-1-1 contains the rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) domain of pectin polysaccharides (PPs) and arabinoglucuronogalactan (AGG) regions. The backbone of the AGG region is composed of →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ residues substituted at the 4-position to the →4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→ residues of the RG-I main chain. The anti-neuroinflammatory activity of AOPB-1-1 suggests that it can significantly reduce the content of inflammatory cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inhibit the expression of inflammatory genes including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-6, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, its inhibitory effects on TNF-α and IL-6 levels were even better than those of minocycline. The significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity of AOPB-1-1 suggests its applicability as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuechan Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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6
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Capek P, Uhliariková I. Antioxidant Active Polysaccharides Extracted with Oxalate from Wild Blackthorn Fruits ( Prunus spinosa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4519. [PMID: 38674109 PMCID: PMC11049966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although several therapeutic effects have been attributed to wild blackthorn fruits, their use is still negligible. Purification of the antioxidant-active fraction, obtained from wild blackthorn fruits by hot ammonium oxalate extraction (Ao), yielded seven fractions after successive elution with water, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions. The purified fractions differ in carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolics. About 60% of the applied Ao material was recovered from the column, with the highest yields eluted with 0.25 M NaCl solution, accounting for up to 70 wt% of all eluted material. Analyses have shown that two dominant fractions (3Fa and 3Fb) contain 72.8-81.1 wt% of galacturonic acids, indicating the prevalence of homogalacturonans (HG) with a low acetyl content and a high degree of esterification. The low content of rhamnose, arabinose and galactose residues in both fractions indicates the presence of RG-I associated with arabinogalactan. In terms of yield, the alkali-eluted fraction was also significant, as a dark brown-coloured material with a yield of ~15 wt% with the highest content of phenolic compounds of all fractions. However, it differs from other fractions in its powdery nature, which indicates a high content of salts that could not be removed by dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Huang L, Sun Q, Li Q, Li X. Screening and characterization of an anti-inflammatory pectic polysaccharide from Cucurbita moschata Duch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130510. [PMID: 38447847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Pectin polysaccharides have demonstrated diverse biological activities, however, the inflammatory potential of pectin polysaccharides extracted from Cucurbita moschata Duch remains unexplored. This study aims to extract, characterize and evaluate the effects of pumpkin pectin polysaccharide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, along with its underlying mechanism of action. Initially, we extracted three fractions of pectin polysaccharides from pumpkin and screened them for anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced macrophages, identifying CMDP-3a as the most potent anti-inflammatory fraction. Subsequently, CMDP-3a underwent comprehensive characterization through chromatography and spectroscopic analysis, revealing CMDP-3a as an RG-I-HG type pectin polysaccharide with →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → as the main chain. Further, in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells model, treatment with CMDP-3a significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, in a mouse colitis model, CMDP-3a administration obviously inhibited DSS-induced pathological alterations and reduced inflammatory cytokine expressions in the colonic tissues by down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These findings provide a molecular basis for the potential application of CMDP-3a in reducing inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Quanhong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Shakhmatov EG, Makarova EN. Structure of KOH-soluble polysaccharides from сoniferous greens of Norway spruce (Picea abies): The pectin-xylan-AGPs complex. Part 1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130289. [PMID: 38378107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Using 7 % KOH, the polysaccharide PAK has been isolated from the coniferous greens of Norway spruce. PAK was found to contain predominantly arabinoglucuronoxylan, xyloglucan and arabinan, but also pectic polysaccharides, glucomannan and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), as determined by 1D/2D NMR analysis. It was found that fractionation of PAK on DEAE-cellulose resulted in simultaneous elution of pectins, arabinoglucuronoxylans and AGPs. It was evident that the content of 4-OMe-α-D-GlcpA and xylose, 1,4-β-D-GlcpA, and T-β-D-GlcpA increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. However, 1,4-α-D-GalpA content was almost independent of NaCl concentration, indicating unchanged pectic polysaccharide concentration. Interestingly, pectins extracted with 0.1-0.3 M NaCl solutions were richer in rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) than those extracted with water and 0.01 M NaCl. Conclusion: The content of RG-I, AGPs and arabinoglucuronoxylan rises with rising NaCl concentration. An intense signal indicating an intermolecular linkage between the xylan and RG-I domains, i.e. that part of the arabinoglucuronoxylan is covalently bound to RG-I, is observed in the HMBC spectra of the polysaccharides obtained. The discovery here of a new relationship between rhamnogalacturonan I and xylan contradicts the prevailing cell wall model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
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Zhang X, Gao M, Zhao X, Qi Y, Xu L, Yin L, Peng J. Purification and structural characterization of two polysaccharides with anti-inflammatory activities from Plumbago zeylanica L. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129455. [PMID: 38232876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Plumbago zeylanica L., a traditional Chinese medicine, has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and it is critical important to explore the chemical compounds and evaluate their biological actions from the medicinal plant. However, the chemical structure and biological activities of polysaccharides from P. zeylanica. were still poorly understood. In this study, two water-soluble polysaccharides named WPZP-2-1 and WPZP-2-2 were purified from P. zeylanica L. Chemical and spectroscopic tests showed that the main chain of WPZP-2-1 was →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, and the branch chain was galactose or arabinose. The main chain of WPZP-2-2 was composed of →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, and the O-2 and O-3 of →4)-α-D-GalpA had a small amount of acetylation. In addition, in vitro test showed that WPZP-2-1 and WPZP-2-2 significantly improved the inflammatory damage of LPS + IFN-γ-induced THP-1 cells via reducing the protein levels of CD14, TLR4 and MyD88, thereby promoting IL-10 expression and inhibiting the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. Those findings indicated that WPZP-2-1 and WPZP-2-2 from the plant should be served as the potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Linan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Makarova EN, Shakhmatov EG. Structure of KOH-soluble polysaccharides from сoniferous greens of Norway spruce (Picea abies): The pectin-xylan-AGPs complex. Part 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128000. [PMID: 37949276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymers containing arabinoglucuronoxylan, fucogalactoxyglucan, pectin and arabinogalactan proteins were obtained from PAK isolated from Norway spruce with 7 % KOH. The pectin core of PAK-I2-F-1 and PAK-I2-F-2 was dominated by RG-I, as treatment with 1,4-α-D-polygalacturonase resulted in almost complete removal of homogalacturonan. Interestingly, the above has not affected the co-fractionation of arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX), arabinogalactan proteins and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). Since pectin was mainly represented by RG-I, we concluded that xylan is specifically associated with RG-I. Correlations in the HMBC spectrum demonstrate intermolecular interactions between the α-L-Rhap (RG-I) and the Xyl (xylan), indicating a covalently bound AGX:RG-I complex via the Xyl-(1→4)-Rha bond: …→2)-[(2,4-β-D-Xylp)-(1→4)]-[(α-D-GalpA-(1→2)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→…. In PAK-H1-1-F-1 and PAK-H1-1-F-2, parts of RG-I and xylan were removed by enzymolysis. Part of the xylan was probably attached to the above-mentioned RG-I blocks. The removal of part of RG-I, xylan and the disappearance of the signal in the HMBC spectrum indicating the bond between RG-I and xylan confirms that part of the arabinoglucuronoxylan is covalently bound to RG-I. The observed glycosidic linkage contradicts the dominant PCW model in which pectin and hemicellulose polysaccharide networks are considered as independent components. It can be concluded that alkali-soluble xylan from Norway spruce was detected both in the free state and covalently bound to pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
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11
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Wang KW, Sheng XY, Wu B, Wang H, Chen JB, Wang SW. Structure characterization of novel heteropolysaccharides from Pteridium revolutum with antioxidant and antiglycated activities. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100826. [PMID: 37780250 PMCID: PMC10534159 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analysis the structures of polysaccharides isolated from Pteridium revolutum and their antioxidant and antiglycated activities. Three novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharides, named PRP0, PRP1, and PRP2, were isolated from P. revolutum. The average molecular weight was determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography analysis as 1.04 × 106, 8.39 × 105, and 7.37 × 105 Da, respectively. Their structures were characterized using physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant and antiglycated activities were assayed in vitro. PRP0, PRP1, and PRP2 consist of l-Ara, l-Rha, d-Man, d-Xyl, d-Fuc, d-Gal, and d-Glc in different proportions. PRP1 mainly has a backbone of (1 → 3,6)-linked d-Man and (1 → 3)-linked d-Gal on main chain. PRP2 is mainly composed of (1 → 2,4)-linked d-Man and (1 → 3)-linked d-Gal on main chain. All polysaccharides have strong scavenging power on 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil and hydroxyl radicals and significantly antiglycated activity in Bovine serum albumin-Glucose model, which showing that the polysaccharides have potential application value on the functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Wu Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sheng
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jian-Bo Chen
- Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1118 Wuzhou Road, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Shi-Wei Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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12
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Wang J, Liu Z, Li X, Liu G, Zhao J. Elucidating structure of pectin in ramie fiber to customize enzyme cocktail for high-efficiency enzymatic degumming. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120954. [PMID: 37173048 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is one of the main components of bast fiber including ramie fiber, and must be removed before use. Enzymatic degumming is the preferred process as it is an environment-friendly, simple and controllable process for ramie degumming. However, an important problem limiting wide application of this process is the high cost due to the low efficiency of enzymatic degumming. In this study, pectin samples were extracted from raw ramie fiber and degummed ramie fiber, respectively, and their structures were characterized and compared to allow tailoring of an enzyme cocktail for degrading the pectin. It was elucidated that pectin from ramie fiber is composed of low esterified homogalacturonan (HG) and low branched rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), and the ratio of HG/RG-I is 1.72:1. Based on the pectin structure, potential enzymes to be used for enzymatic degumming of ramie fiber were proposed and an enzyme cocktail was customized. Degumming experiments confirmed that the customized enzyme cocktail can effectively remove pectin from ramie fiber. To our knowledge, this is the first time the structural characteristics of pectin in ramie fiber have been clarified, and it also provides an example of tailoring a specific enzyme system to achieve high-efficiency degumming for biomass containing pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No.72, Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No.72, Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No.72, Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No.72, Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No.72, Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China.
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13
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Structural Characteristic and In-Vitro Anticancer Activities of Dandelion Leaf Polysaccharides from Pressurized Hot Water Extraction. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010080. [PMID: 36615741 PMCID: PMC9824204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) is a medicinal and edible plant. Dandelion has great development value for its health promoting benefits; additionally, Dandelion grows almost anywhere in the world. In this study, we report the structural characteristics and anti-cancer activity of novel dandelion leaf polysaccharides extracted by pressurized hot water extraction at 120 °C (DLP120) with Mw relative to dextran of 1.64 × 106 Da. Structural analysis indicated that DLP120 is a complex polysaccharide composed of pectin and arabinogalactan. It was mainly composed of arabinose (32.35 mol%) and galactose (44.91 mol%). The main glycosidic linkages of DLP120 were 4-β-D-Galp, 4-α-D-GalpA, T-β-D-Galp, 5-α-L-Araf, 3,5-α-L-Araf, and T-α-L-Araf. In vitro, DLP120 inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell apoptosis. Cell cycle detection results revealed that DLP120 mainly arrests the cell cycle in S phase. Cells treated with DLP120 displayed obvious apoptotic morphology, including cell volume shrinks and cytoskeleton breaks down. In short, DLP120 has potential as an anti-cancer agent.
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14
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Wang H, Lin Z, Li Y, Wang X, Xu J, Guo Y. Characterization, selenylation, and antineoplastic effects on HepG2 cell in vitro and in vivo of an arabinofuranan from the fruits of Akebia quinata. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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Wu Y, Zhou H, Wei K, Zhang T, Che Y, Nguyễn AD, Pandita S, Wan X, Cui X, Zhou B, Li C, Hao P, Lei H, Wang L, Yang X, Liang Y, Liu J, Wu Y. Structure of a new glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and its immunomodulatory activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007186. [PMID: 36238291 PMCID: PMC9551306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A component of licorice polysaccharide (GPS-1) was extracted from licorice, its primary structure was identified and characterized for the first time, and its immunomodulatory activity was studied. Crude licorice polysaccharide was isolated and purified by DEAE sepharose FF ion-exchange column chromatography and Chromdex 200 PG gel filtration column chromatography to obtain a purified Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide named GPS-1. NMR and methylation analysis revealed that GPS-1 is composed of homogalacturonan (HG)-type pectin with 4)-D-GalpA-(1 as the backbone. This study of GPS-1 also examined its significant role in regulating immune activity in vitro and in vivo. As a result, GPS-1 promoted the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice and increased the proportion of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes in their spleens. Dendritic cells (DCs) treated with GPS-1 showed promotion of DC maturation, antigen presentation, and phagocytic capacity. The results suggest that GPS-1 is a potential immunomodulator that stimulates the immune system by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Combined with our characterization of the primary structure of GPS-1, the present investigation provides the basis for future study of the form-function relationship of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nan Ning, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Che
- Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Audrey D. Nguyễn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Davis Medical, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sakshi Pandita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Davis Medical, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Xin Wan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejie Cui
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxue Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyue Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjun Lei
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Animal Science and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agricultural and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nan Ning, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nan Ning, China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wu, ;
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16
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Peng X, Hu X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Tang J, Zhang G, Deng J, Kan H, Zhao P, Liu Y. Extraction, characterization, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities of polysaccharides from Camellia fascicularis leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:373-384. [PMID: 36152704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Camellia fascicularis (PCF) was optimized using response surface methodology. After separation and purification with DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 glucan gel columns, the purified polysaccharide components of PCFa-1 and PCFc-1 were analyzed for their structural characterization, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities in vitro. The results indicated that liquid to material ratio of 42 mL/g, ultrasonic time of 53 min, ultrasonic temperature of 73 °C, and ultrasonic power of 215 W were the optimum extraction conditions for PCF with maximum yields (4.05 %). PCFa-1 and PCFc-1 contained 5.88 % and 9.58 % uronic acid content, with 7.53 and 108.91 kDa of average molecular weights, respectively. The PCFa-1 was mainly constituted of galactose, arabinose, and glucose, while PCFc-1 was primarily composed of arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that PCFa-1 and PCFc-1 contained typical polysaccharide bands. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of PCFa-1 and PCFc-1 were irregular and clumpy structures. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed that PCFa-1 and PCFc-1 were mainly α-glycosidic bond conformation. Furthermore, the PCFc-1 showed better antioxidant capacities than PCFa-1 against hydroxyl, DPPH, and ABTS radicals and exhibited more potent toxicity on A549 and HepG2 cells. These research results suggested that PCF, especially PCFc-1, possesses great potential as natural antioxidants and anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou 651300, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Guiliang Zhang
- Hekou Management Sub-bureau of Yunnan Daweishan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Hekou 661399, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Huan Kan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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17
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Georgiev YN, Dzhambazov BM, Batsalova TG, Vasicek O, Dobreva LI, Denev PN, Danova ST, Simova SD, Wold CW, Ognyanov MH, Paulsen BS, Krastanov AI. Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Geranium sanguineum L. and their immunomodulatory effects in response to inflammatory agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115390. [PMID: 35584721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geranium sanguineum L. is used for treatment of inflammations, anemia, malignant diseases of the blood-forming organs, diarrhea, respiratory infections, etc. Only flavonoids in root extracts have been elucidated as immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory compounds, and polysaccharides in the herb have not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY to compare the chemical features of polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) from leaves (GSL-PSC) and roots (GSR-PSC) of G. sanguineum, as well as their immunomodulatory activities on leukocytes after inflammation, and effects on the growth of different bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were isolated by water extraction and their structural features were studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The stimulatory effects of both PSCs on human leukocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Their suppressive activities on the oxidative burst in blood and derived neutrophils against opsonized zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate were investigated. The effects of the samples on viability, NO and interleukin 6 (IL-6) syntheses in RAW264.7 cells after inflammation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were tested. The prebiotic and anti-biofilm activities of the PSCs were evaluated. RESULTS The total carbohydrate content in the samples was significant (73.6-76.8%). GSL-PSC contained pectins, which were rich in homogalacturonan (HG), and smaller amounts of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) type I, decorated by 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,4- and 1,6-β-D-Galp chains. GSR-PSC contained starch, followed by pectins with lower HG content and more RG-I regions, substituted by 1 → 3,5-α-L-arabinans and 1 → 3,6-β-D-galactans. GSL-PSC and GSR-PSC (200 μg/mL) increased monocyte and granulocyte cell counts, but GSR-PSC also elevated T helper and B cell levels in a normal and activated state. GSR-PSC triggered a dose-dependent (50-200 μg/mL) oxidative burst in blood, but alleviated it after inflammation even in blood-derived neutrophils. It was free of LPS, and activated NO and IL-6 productions in RAW264.7 cells better than GSL-PSC, without affecting their viability. Both PSCs (2.0%, w/v) stimulated probiotic co-cultures between Clostridium beijerinckii strains and Lactobacillus sp. ZK9, and inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella enterica. CONCLUSIONS The PSs in G. sanguineum could be involved in the stimulatory effects on blood-forming organs and anti-inflammatory action of aqueous root extracts in case of infections. These PSs should be included in synbiotic foods to support the treatment of inflammations and infections in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan N Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Balik M Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsvetelina G Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Ondrej Vasicek
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 135 Kralovopolska, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lili I Dobreva
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petko N Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetla T Danova
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetlana D Simova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Christian W Wold
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Manol H Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Berit S Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Albert I Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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18
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Zheng Q, Chen J, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Li L, Zhai Y, Gong X, Li B. Structural characterization, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides from Plumula Nelumbinis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:111-122. [PMID: 35594937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide from Plumula Nelumbinis (PNP), was isolated and purified. PNP had a molecular weight of 450 kDa and consisted five monosaccharides, including rhamnose, galacturonic acid, xylose, galactose, and arabinose. The methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis revealed that the main glycosidic linkage types of PNP were →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Xylp-(→1, →3,4)-β-D-Rhap-(1→, →4)-β-D-GalpA-(1→. In the range of 25-1200 μg/mL, PNP had no cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells. PNP could protect RAW264.7 cell from oxidative damage by reducing the production of ROS and MDA and the secretion of LDH, enhancing the activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and increasing the content of GSH. Anti-inflammatory activity experiments showed that PNP inhibited the expression of NO, TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6. PNP could inhibit the activation of MAPK/NF-κB cell pathways. PNP could be used as a potential natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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19
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Yuan L, Zhong ZC, Liu Y, Quan H, Lu YZ, Zhang EH, Cai H, Li LQ, Lan XZ. Structures and immunomodulatory activity of one galactose- and arabinose-rich polysaccharide from Sambucus adnata. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:730-740. [PMID: 35346678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One galactose- and arabinose-rich polysaccharide isolated from Sambucus adnata was named SPS-1, which had an average molecular weight 138.52 kDa, and was composed of L-rhamnose, D-glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, and L-arabinose in a molar ratio of 0.6:0.4:0.1:4.9:4.0. The primary structure of SPS-1 was further analyzed through methylation and NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that SPS-1 had the structural characteristics of AG-II pectin. The immunoactivity test showed that SPS-1 activated the phosphorylation of MAPKs-related proteins and further elevated the expression levels of related nuclear transcription factors (IκBα and NF-κB p65) in the cells through the TLR2 and MyD88/TRAF6-dependent pathway, thereby significantly enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages and stimulating the secretion of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which activated the RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, SPS-1, acting as an immunomodulator, is a potential drug for immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; Biotechnology Center, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China.
| | - Zheng-Chang Zhong
- The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Hong Quan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; Research Institute of Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Lu
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Er-Hao Zhang
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Hao Cai
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Lian-Qiang Li
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Lan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China; The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi of Tibet 860000, China.
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20
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Zhang W, Hu B, Han M, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H. Purification, structural characterization and neuroprotective effect of a neutral polysaccharide from Sparassis crispa. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:389-399. [PMID: 34998886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a purified polysaccharide (named SCP-1, Mw 1.368 × 104 Da) was isolated from Sparassis crispa, and its biological activity was evaluated in an oxidative stress model caused by H2O2 in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells. SCP-1 was a heteropolysaccharide mainly comprising glucose, galactose, fucose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 52.10: 31.10: 15.04: 1.76. The main backbone of SCP-1 was predominantly composed of (1→6)-α-D-Galp, (1→6)-β-D-Glcp, (1→3)-β-D-Glcp, (1→2,6)-α-D-Galp and (1→3,6)-β-D-Glcp. The branches, substituted at the O-2 of Gal and O-3 of Glc, contained (1→6)-2-OMe-α-D-Galp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, (1→3)-β-D-Glcp, and terminated by T-α-L-Fucp and T-β-D-Glcp. Besides, SCP-1 could effectively protect the HT22 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative injury via decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, modulating antioxidant enzymes, and reducing cell apoptosis. The findings suggested that SCP-1 holds a potential to be a natural antioxidant or as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, P.R.China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China.
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21
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Pectin polysaccharide from Flos Magnoliae (Xin Yi, Magnolia biondii Pamp. flower buds): Hot-compressed water extraction, purification and partial structural characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Drobek M, Cybulska J, Gałązka A, Feledyn-Szewczyk B, Marzec-Grządziel A, Sas-Paszt L, Gryta A, Trzciński P, Zdunek A, Frąc M. The Use of Interactions Between Microorganisms in Strawberry Cultivation ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:780099. [PMID: 34917112 PMCID: PMC8668414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.780099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the market indicates a growing interest in organically grown fruit, there is a need for biostimulants to counter the adverse effects of pathogenic fungi and fungal-like-pathogens. Four microbial pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Verticillium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Colletotrichum sp.) which are the most often causes of strawberry diseases were selected. Five kinds of biostimulants (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5) containing bacterial consortia were developed to combat the pathogens. The antagonistic effect of selected microorganisms against strawberry pathogens was observed. The effectiveness of various beneficial bacteria in combating fungal pathogens of cv. Honeoye strawberries was compared and the impact of their activity on fruit quality was assessed. The most significant effect on the strawberry firmness was found for the C2 consortium, which provided the strawberries infected with the pathogens group (MIX: B. cinerea, Verticillium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Colletotrichum sp.) with a 140% increase in maximum load in a puncture test compared to the positive control (C0). Strawberries contaminated with Phytophthora sp. after the application of Consortium C4 (C4) showed the largest increase (127%) in soluble solid content (SSC) when compared to the C0. Fruit contaminated with Colletotrichum sp. and B. cinerea after the application of C2 and Consortium 5 (C5), respectively, had the highest levels of anthocyanins and total phenolic content, when compared to C0. The largest increase, which reached as high as 25%, in D-galacturonic acid content was observed for the group of pathogens after Consortium 1 (C1) application. The extraction of strawberry pectin allowed for the study of the rheological properties of pectin solutions; on this basis, strawberry pectin from the control (NC) was distinguished as it showed the highest viscosity (0.137-0.415 Pas). Taking into account the individual effects of bacteria on strawberry pathogenic fungi and fungal-like-pathogens, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of fungal disease and to improve the properties of strawberries by selecting the appropriate bacterial consortium. Interactions between microorganisms are often complex and not fully understood, which suggests the need for further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Drobek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gałązka
- The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG)–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk
- The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG)–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Marzec-Grządziel
- The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG)–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Lidia Sas-Paszt
- National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Agata Gryta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Trzciński
- National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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Arabinogalactan-proteins from non-coniferous gymnosperms have unusual structural features. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117831. [PMID: 33766335 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), important signalling molecules of the plant cell wall, are structurally extensively investigated in angiosperms, but information on AGPs in gymnosperms is still limited. We characterized AGPs from the gymnosperms Ginkgo biloba, Ephedra distachya, Encephalartos longifolius and Cycas revoluta. The protein contents are comparable to that of angiosperm AGPs. Hydroxyproline is the site of linking the carbohydrate part and was detected in all AGPs with highest concentration in Cycas AGP (1.1 % of the AGP). Interestingly, with the exception of Cycas, all AGPs contained the monosaccharide 3-O-methylrhamnose not present in angiosperm polysaccharides. The carbohydrate moieties of Cycas and Ephredra showed the main components 1,3,6-linked galactose and terminal arabinose typical of angiosperm AGPs, whereas that of Ginkgo AGP was unique with 1,4-linked galactose as dominant structural element. Bioinformatic search for glycosyltransferases in Ginkgo genome also revealed a lower number of galactosyltransferases responsible for biosynthesis of the 1,3-Gal/1,6-Gal AGP backbone.
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Makarova EN, Shakhmatov EG. Characterization of pectin-xylan-glucan-arabinogalactan proteins complex from Siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117825. [PMID: 33712166 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide ASK was isolated from the Abies sibirica foliage by extraction with an aqueous KOH solution. ASK was shown to contain structurally different polymers such as arabinoglucuronoxylans, xyloglucans, glucomannans, arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). The pectic polysaccharides were also found in the alkaline extract of ASK and were represented by regions of homogalactorunan and rhamnogalactouronan-I whose side sugar chains were made up chiefly of highly branched 1,5-α-l-arabinan. The potential couplings between those polysaccharides were examined. Our studies showed simultaneous elution of pectin, xyloglucans, arabinoglucuronoxylans and AGPs, indicating that pectins can be covalently bound to the other cell-wall polysaccharides. NMR spectroscopy results revealed that the polysaccharides obtained by ion-exchange chromatography almost had no free reducing ends. These findings corroborate the conclusion that pectin, AGPs, glucan and xylan are bound together. The existence of the covalently bound complex of pectin-xylan-xyloglucan-AGP is suggested herein. Pectin and xylan are hypothesized to be covalently linked through RG-I regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya St. 48, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia.
| | - Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya St. 48, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
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Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Amomumvillosum Lour. on RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092672. [PMID: 34063301 PMCID: PMC8125432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum Villosum Lour. (A. villosum) is a folk medicine that has been used for more than 1300 years. However, study of the polysaccharides of A. villosum is seriously neglected. The objectives of this study are to explore the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from A. villosum (AVPs) and their effects on immune cells. In this study, the acidic polysaccharides (AVPG-1 and AVPG-2) were isolated from AVPs and purified via anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharides were characterized by methylation, HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPLC, FT-IR, SEM, GC-MS and NMR techniques. AVPG-1 with a molecular weight of 514 kDa had the backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. AVPG-2 with a higher molecular weight (14800 kDa) comprised a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the potential effect of AVPG-1 and AVPG-2 on macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control. The results from bioassays showed that AVPG-2 exhibited stronger immunomodulatory activity than AVPG-1. AVPG-2 significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and upregulated phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that AVPG-2 was able to turn the polarization of macrophages to the M1 direction. These results suggested that AVPs could be explored as potential immunomodulatory agents of the functional foods or complementary medicine.
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Chen G, Bai Y, Zeng Z, Peng Y, Zhou W, Shen W, Zeng X, Liu Z. Structural Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of Heteropolysaccharides from Fuzhuan Brick Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1368-1378. [PMID: 33481588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT), one of the unique dark teas, has various health-promoting functions. In the present study, one polysaccharide fraction, namely FBTPS-2-1, was extracted and purified from FBT, and its structure and potential immunostimulatory activity were investigated. The results showed that FBTPS-2-1,one of typical heteropolysaccharides, was mainly composed of Gal, Ara, and Glc with little molar content of Man, Rha, GalA, and GlcA in molar ratio of 46.59:22.13:13.57:8.20:6.02:2.12:1.38 and molecular weight of 748 kDa. The backbone of FBTPS-2-1 contained →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→. The linkages of branches in FBTPS-2-1 were mainly composed of α-l-Araf-(1→3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, α-l-Araf-(1→3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, α-d-Galp-(1→3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→ and →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→. Furthermore, FBTPS-2-1 could increase the phagocytosis of macrophages and promote the secretion of NO and a variety of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, indicating noticeable immune enhancement activity. Thus, FBTPS-2-1 could serve as a potentially functional food to improve human health by modulating the host immunoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yixun Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ziqi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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