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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Lim JH, Jing Y, Park S, Nishiyama Y, Veron M, Rauch E, Ogawa Y. Structural Anisotropy Governs the Kink Formation in Cellulose Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3961-3969. [PMID: 37078694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the defect structure is fundamental to correlating the structure and properties of materials. However, little is known about the defects of soft matter at the nanoscale beyond their external morphology. We report here on the molecular-level structural details of kink defects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) based on a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. Low-dose scanning nanobeam electron diffraction analysis allowed for correlation of the local crystallographic information and nanoscale morphology and revealed that the structural anisotropy governed the kink formation of CNCs. We identified two bending modes along different crystallographic directions with distinct disordered structures at kink points. The drying strongly affected the external morphology of the kinks, resulting in underestimating the kink population in the standard dry observation conditions. These detailed defect analyses improve our understanding of the structural heterogeneity of nanocelluloses and contribute to the future exploitation of soft matter defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Lim
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yun Jing
- Molecular Vista, Incorporated, 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Sung Park
- Molecular Vista, Incorporated, 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | | | - Muriel Veron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Edgar Rauch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Kotov N, Larsson PA, Jain K, Abitbol T, Cernescu A, Wågberg L, Johnson CM. Elucidating the fine-scale structural morphology of nanocellulose by nano infrared spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120320. [PMID: 36604038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microscopy, enabling the acquisition of IR spectra and images with a lateral resolution of 20 nm, is employed to chemically characterize individual cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to elucidate if the CNCs and CNFs consist of alternating crystalline and amorphous domains along the CNF/CNC. The high lateral resolution enables studies of the nanoscale morphology at different domains of the CNFs/CNCs: flat segments, kinks, twisted areas, and end points. The types of nanocellulose investigated are CNFs from tunicate, CNCs from cotton, and anionic and cationic wood-derived CNFs. All nano-FTIR spectra acquired from the different samples and different domains of the individual nanocellulose particles resemble a spectrum of crystalline cellulose, suggesting that the non-crystalline cellulose signal observed in macroscopic measurements of nanocellulose most likely originate from cellulose chains present at the surface of the nanocellulose particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per A Larsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karishma Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 55, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adrian Cernescu
- Neaspec, Attocube systems AG, Eglfinger Weg 2, 85540 Haar, Germany.
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Fittolani G, Vargová D, Seeberger PH, Ogawa Y, Delbianco M. Bottom-Up Approach to Understand Chirality Transfer across Scales in Cellulose Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12469-12475. [PMID: 35765970 PMCID: PMC9284553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is a polysaccharide that displays chirality across different scales, from the molecular to the supramolecular level. This feature has been exploited to generate chiral materials. To date, the mechanism of chirality transfer from the molecular level to higher-order assemblies has remained elusive, partially due to the heterogeneity of cellulose samples obtained via top-down approaches. Here, we present a bottom-up approach that uses well-defined cellulose oligomers as tools to understand the transfer of chirality from the single oligomer to supramolecular assemblies beyond the single cellulose crystal. Synthetic cellulose oligomers with defined sequences self-assembled into thin micrometer-sized platelets with controllable thicknesses. These platelets further assembled into bundles displaying intrinsic chiral features, directly correlated to the monosaccharide chirality. Altering the stereochemistry of the oligomer termini impacted the chirality of the self-assembled bundles and thus allowed for the manipulation of the cellulose assemblies at the molecular level. The molecular description of cellulose assemblies and their chirality will improve our ability to control and tune cellulose materials. The bottom-up approach could be expanded to other polysaccharides whose supramolecular chirality is less understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Ogawa Y, Putaux JL. Recent Advances in Electron Microscopy of Carbohydrate Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2022; 10:835663. [PMID: 35242740 PMCID: PMC8886399 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.835663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate nanoparticles, both naturally derived and synthetic ones, have attracted scientific and industrial attention as high-performance renewable building blocks of functional materials. Electron microscopy (EM) has played a central role in investigations of their morphology and molecular structure, although the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of carbohydrate crystals has often hindered the in-depth characterization with EM techniques. This contribution reviews the recent advances in the electron microscopy of the carbohydrate nanoparticles. In particular, we highlight the recent efforts made to understand the three-dimensional shape and structural heterogeneity of nanoparticles using low-dose electron tomography and electron diffraction techniques coupled with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
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6
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Chiappini M, Dussi S, Frka-Petesic B, Vignolini S, Dijkstra M. Modeling the cholesteric pitch of apolar cellulose nanocrystal suspensions using a chiral hard-bundle model. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:014904. [PMID: 34998357 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are naturally sourced elongated nanocolloids that form cholesteric phases in water and apolar solvents. It is well accepted that CNCs are made of bundles of crystalline microfibrils clustered side-by-side, and there is growing evidence that each individual microfibril is twisted. Yet, the origin of the chiral interactions between CNCs remains unclear. In this work, CNCs are described with a simple model of chiral hard splinters, enabling the prediction of the pitch using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. The predicted pitch P compares well with experimental observations in cotton-based CNC dispersions in apolar solvents using surfactants but also with qualitative trends caused by fractionation or tip sonication in aqueous suspensions. These results suggest that the bundle shape induces an entropy-driven chiral interaction between CNCs, which is the missing link in explaining how chirality is transferred from the molecular scale of cellulose chains to the cholesteric order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Chiappini
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Dussi
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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