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Kumar M, Deshmukh P, Kumar M, Bhatt A, Sinha AH, Chawla P. Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48142. [PMID: 38046702 PMCID: PMC10692867 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article conducts a thorough investigation into the potential role of vitamin E in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the context of shifting mortality patterns from infectious diseases to the continued prominence of CVDs in modern medicine. The primary focus is on vitamin E's antioxidant properties and its specific ability to counter lipid peroxidation, a pivotal process in the early stages of atherosclerosis, a precursor to CVDs. The research spans a wide range of methodologies, including in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and experimental studies, examining how vitamin E affects critical aspects of cardiovascular health, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. It also explores vitamin E's influence on complex processes like smooth muscle cell development, oxidative stress reduction, foam cell formation, and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. In the context of clinical studies, the article presents findings that both support and yield inconclusive results regarding the impact of vitamin E supplementation on CVDs. It acknowledges the intricate interplay of factors such as patient selection, pathophysiological conditions, and genetic variations, all of which can significantly influence the efficacy of vitamin E. The article underscores the need for ongoing research, with a specific focus on understanding the regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their roles in modulating cellular processes relevant to CVDs. It highlights the potential for innovative therapeutic approaches based on a deeper comprehension of vitamin E's multifaceted effects. However, it also candidly addresses the challenges of translating clinical trial findings into practical applications and emphasizes the importance of considering diverse variables to optimize therapeutic outcomes. In summary, this meticulously conducted study provides a comprehensive examination of vitamin E's potential as a preventive agent against CVDs, recognizing the complexity of the subject and the need for continued research to unlock its full potential in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasad Deshmukh
- Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Asmi Bhatt
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arya Harshyt Sinha
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Parth Chawla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Chaouad B, Moudilou EN, Ghoul A, Zerrouk F, Moulahoum A, Othmani-Mecif K, Cherifi MEH, Exbrayat JM, Benazzoug Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia and myocardial remodeling in the sand rat, Psammomys obesus. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:823-832. [PMID: 31377002 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have shown that a methionine-rich diet induces hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study was to determine the involvement of Hhcy in cardiac remodeling in the sand rat Psammomys obesus. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental Hhcy was induced, in the sand rat Psammomys obesus, by intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg of body weight/day of methionine for 1 month. The impact of Hhcy on the cellular and matricial structures of the myocardium was analyzed with histological techniques (Masson trichrome and Sirius red staining). Immunohistochemistry allowed us to analyze several factors involved in myocardial remodeling, such as fibrillar collagen I and III, metalloproteases (MMP-2 and -9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and -2), TGF-β1 and activated caspase 3. RESULTS Our results show that Hhcy induced by an excess of methionine causes, in the myocardium of Psammomys obesus, a significant accumulation of fibrillar collagens I and III at the interstitial and perivascular scales, indicating the appearance of fibrosis, which is associated with an immuno-expression increase of TGF-β1, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 and an immuno-expression decrease of MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Also, Hhcy induces apoptosis of some cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts by increasing of activated caspase 3 expression. These results highlight a remodeling of cardiac tissue in hyperhomocysteinemic Psammomys obesus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billel Chaouad
- Biochemistry and Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria; University Djilali Bounaama of Khemis Miliana, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, Theniet El Had Road, 44225, Khemis Miliana, Algeria
| | - Elara N Moudilou
- UMRS 449, General Biology - Reproduction and Comparative Development, Lyon Catholic University, UDL, EPHE, PSL, 10, Place des Archives, 69288, Lyon Cedex 02, France
| | - Adel Ghoul
- Biochemistry and Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Zerrouk
- Biochemistry and Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Anissa Moulahoum
- Biochemistry and Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Khira Othmani-Mecif
- Biochemistry and Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Jean-Marie Exbrayat
- UMRS 449, General Biology - Reproduction and Comparative Development, Lyon Catholic University, UDL, EPHE, PSL, 10, Place des Archives, 69288, Lyon Cedex 02, France
| | - Yasmina Benazzoug
- Biochemistry and Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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Flori L, Donnini S, Calderone V, Zinnai A, Taglieri I, Venturi F, Testai L. The Nutraceutical Value of Olive Oil and Its Bioactive Constituents on the Cardiovascular System. Focusing on Main Strategies to Slow Down Its Quality Decay during Production and Storage. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1962. [PMID: 31438562 PMCID: PMC6770508 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the principal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is well-known that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are strongly implicated in their pathogenesis; therefore, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents can represent effective tools. In recent years a large number of scientific reports have pointed out the nutraceutical and nutritional value of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO), strongholds of the Mediterranean diet, endowed with a high nutritional quality and defined as functional foods. In regard to EVOO, it is a food composed of a major saponifiable fraction, represented by oleic acid, and a minor unsaponifiable fraction, including a high number of vitamins, polyphenols, and squalene. Several reports suggest that the beneficial effects of EVOO are linked to the minor components, but recently, further studies have shed light on the health effects of the fatty fraction and the other constituents of the unsaponifiable fraction. In the first part of this review, an analysis of the clinical and preclinical evidence of the cardiovascular beneficial effects of each constituent is carried out. The second part of this review is dedicated to the main operating conditions during production and/or storage that can directly influence the shelf life of olive oil in terms of both nutraceutical properties and sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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4
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Sławiński MA, Wawryk-Gawda E, Woźniakowski MM, Kulak-Janczy E, Korzeniowska S, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Changes in histological structure and nitric oxide synthase expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1150-1158. [PMID: 30835492 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various protein-based supplements are at least periodically consumed by 30%-40% of sportspeople. The current study compares cardiovascular effects of diet supplementation with 2 different protein-rich products: bee pollen and whey protein. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups, one subjected to daily moderate physical activity and one not. Each group consisted of 3 subgroups: control, whey-protein-supplemented, and bee-pollen-supplemented. After 8 weeks, rats were decapitated, and proximal parts of thoracic aortas were collected and embedded in paraffin blocks. Histological slides were stained according to standard hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff - Van Gieson staining. Special immunohistochemical stains against neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and alpha smooth muscle actin were also prepared. Histological evaluation revealed noticeable changes in all supplemented groups: disturbances in elastic laminae, slight increase in collagen deposition, and significantly lowered nNOS and eNOS expression. The prevalence of small atherosclerotic plaques was the highest in non-running supplemented groups, while in running supplemented groups it resembled the prevalence in control groups. Both running groups had thinner tunica media than control. Both supplements exert visible effects on aortic structure, but the difference between them is far less evident. In some aspects, however, the bee pollen seems to be even slightly more harmful, which may be related to various possible contaminants like mycotoxins or pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław A Sławiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz M Woźniakowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Kulak-Janczy
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Korzeniowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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Sozen E, Demirel T, Ozer NK. Vitamin E: Regulatory role in the cardiovascular system. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:507-515. [PMID: 30779288 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, all around the world. Vitamin E is an important nutrient influencing key cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as gene expression regulation centrally involved in the prevention of CVD. Cell culture and animal studies have focused on the identification of vitamin E regulated signaling pathways and involvement on inflammation, lipid homeostasis, and atherosclerotic plaque stability. While some of these vitamin E functions were verified in clinical trials, some of the positive effects were not translated into beneficial outcomes in epidemiological studies. In recent years, the physiological metabolites of vitamin E, including the liver derived (long- and short-chain) metabolites and phosphorylated (α-, γ-tocopheryl phosphate) forms, have also provided novel mechanistic insight into CVD regulation that expands beyond the vitamin E precursor. It is certain that this emerging insight into the molecular and cellular action of vitamin E will help to design further studies, either in animal models or clinical trials, on the reduction of risk for CVDs. This review focuses on vitamin E-mediated preventive cardiovascular effects and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of action of vitamin E metabolites in CVD. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):507-515, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Salidroside attenuates endothelial cellular senescence via decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the expression of SIRT3. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Galli F, Azzi A, Birringer M, Cook-Mills JM, Eggersdorfer M, Frank J, Cruciani G, Lorkowski S, Özer NK. Vitamin E: Emerging aspects and new directions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:16-36. [PMID: 27816611 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin E will have its 100th anniversary in 2022, but we still have more questions than answers regarding the biological functions and the essentiality of vitamin E for human health. Discovered as a factor essential for rat fertility and soon after characterized for its properties of fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E was identified to have signaling and gene regulation effects in the 1980s. In the same years the cytochrome P-450 dependent metabolism of vitamin E was characterized and a first series of studies on short-chain carboxyethyl metabolites in the 1990s paved the way to the hypothesis of a biological role for this metabolism alternative to vitamin E catabolism. In the last decade other physiological metabolites of vitamin E have been identified, such as α-tocopheryl phosphate and the long-chain metabolites formed by the ω-hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P-450. Recent findings are consistent with gene regulation and homeostatic roles of these metabolites in different experimental models, such as inflammatory, neuronal and hepatic cells, and in vivo in animal models of acute inflammation. Molecular mechanisms underlying these responses are under investigation in several laboratories and side-glances to research on other fat soluble vitamins may help to move faster in this direction. Other emerging aspects presented in this review paper include novel insights on the mechanisms of reduction of the cardiovascular risk, immunomodulation and antiallergic effects, neuroprotection properties in models of glutamate excitotoxicity and spino-cerebellar damage, hepatoprotection and prevention of liver toxicity by different causes and even therapeutic applications in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We here discuss these topics with the aim of stimulating the interest of the scientific community and further research activities that may help to celebrate this anniversary of vitamin E with an in-depth knowledge of its action as vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angelo Azzi
- USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany.
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | | | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nesrin Kartal Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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8
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Kamisah Y, Norsidah KZ, Azizi A, Faizah O, Nonan MR, Asmadi AY. Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction inhibits methionine-induced cystathionine β-synthase in rat liver. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:659-67. [PMID: 26403767 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. The study investigated the effects of dietary palm tocotrienol-rich fraction on homocysteine metabolism in rats fed a high-methionine diet. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups. Five groups were fed with high-methionine diet (1%) for 10 weeks. Groups 2 to 5 were also given dietary folate (8 mg/kg) and three doses of palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (30, 60 and 150 mg/kg) from week 6 to week 10. The last group was only given basal rat chow. High-methionine diet increased plasma homocysteine after 10 weeks, which was prevented by the supplementations of folate and high-dose palm tocotrienol-rich fraction. Hepatic S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) content was unaffected in all groups but S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) content was reduced in the folate group. Folate supplementation increased the SAM/SAH ratio, while in the palm tocotrienol-rich fraction groups, the ratio was lower compared with the folate. Augmented activity of hepatic cystathionine β-synthase and lipid peroxidation content by high-methionine diet was inhibited by palm tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementations (moderate and high doses), but not by folate. The supplemented groups had lower hepatic lipid peroxidation than the high-methionine diet. In conclusion, palm tocotrienol-rich fraction reduced high-methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia possibly by reducing hepatic oxidative stress in high-methionine-fed rats. It may also exert a direct inhibitory effect on hepatic cystathionine β-synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ku-Zaifah Norsidah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kuliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ayob Azizi
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Othman Faizah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rizal Nonan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Yusof Asmadi
- Faculty of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Population aging is a worldwide demographic trend. Consequently, the prevalence of chronic age-related conditions such as clinically diagnosed neurological diseases, cognitive decline, and dementia will significantly increase in the near future. The important role of diets and healthy lifestyle as preventative of neurodegenerative diseases is widely accepted nowadays, and it may provide preventive strategies in very early, non-symptomatic phases of dementia well, especially because there are still no effective treatments for it. In this article, we review the known effects of selected micronutrients on the aging brain and we propose strategies for dietary improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Kaga E, Karademir B, Baykal AT, Ozer NK. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in atherosclerotic aorta and effect of vitamin E. J Proteomics 2013; 92:260-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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