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Warren WG, Osborn M, Duffy P, Yates A, O'Sullivan SE. Potential safety implications of fatty acid-binding protein inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 491:117079. [PMID: 39218163 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are small intracellular proteins that regulate fatty acid metabolism, transport, and signalling. There are ten known human isoforms, many of which are upregulated and involved in clinical pathologies. As such, FABP inhibition may be beneficial in disease states such as cancer, and those involving the cardiovascular system, metabolism, immunity, and cognition. Recently, a potent, selective FABP5 inhibitor (ART26.12), with 90-fold selectivity to FABP3 and 20-fold selectivity to FABP7, was found to be remarkably benign, with a no-observed-adverse-effect level of 1000 mg/kg in rats and dogs, showing no genotoxicity, cardiovascular, central, or respiratory toxicity. To understand the potential implication of FABP inhibition more fully, this review systematically assessed literature investigating genetic knockout, knockdown, and pharmacological inhibition of FABP3, FABP4, FABP5, or FABP7. Analysis of the literature revealed that animals bred not to express FABPs showed the most biological effects, suggesting key roles of these proteins during development. FABP ablation sometimes exacerbated symptoms of disease models, particularly those linked to metabolism, inflammatory and immune responses, cardiac contractility, neurogenesis, and cognition. However, FABP inhibition (genetic silencing or pharmacological) had a positive effect in many more disease conditions. Several polymorphisms of each FABP gene have also been linked to pathological conditions, but it was unclear how several polymorphisms affected protein function. Overall, analysis of the literature to date suggests that pharmacological inhibition of FABPs in adults is of low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Warren
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
| | - Myles Osborn
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Duffy
- Apconix Ltd., Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Yates
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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2
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van der Ark-Vonk EM, Puijk MV, Pasterkamp G, van der Laan SW. The Effects of FABP4 on Cardiovascular Disease in the Aging Population. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:163-175. [PMID: 38698167 PMCID: PMC11087245 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) plays a role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. In this paper, we cover FABP4 biology, its implications in atherosclerosis from observational studies, genetic factors affecting FABP4 serum levels, and ongoing drug development to target FABP4 and offer insights into future FABP4 research. RECENT FINDINGS FABP4 impacts cells through JAK2/STAT2 and c-kit pathways, increasing inflammatory and adhesion-related proteins. In addition, FABP4 induces angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. FABP4 is established as a reliable predictive biomarker for cardiovascular disease in specific at-risk groups. Genetic studies robustly link PPARG and FABP4 variants to FABP4 serum levels. Considering the potential effects on atherosclerotic lesion development, drug discovery programs have been initiated in search for potent inhibitors of FABP4. Elevated FABP4 levels indicate an increased cardiovascular risk and is causally related to acceleration of atherosclerotic disease, However, clinical trials for FABP4 inhibition are lacking, possibly due to concerns about available compounds' side effects. Further research on FABP4 genetics and its putative causal role in cardiovascular disease is needed, particularly in aging subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M van der Ark-Vonk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mike V Puijk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Başarır Sivri FN, Çiftçi S. A New Insight into Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications in Obesity-Associated Diseases: A Mini Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300840. [PMID: 38593305 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), such as FABP4 (aP2, A-FABP), are essential for cellular lipid regulation, membrane-protein interactions, and the modulation of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. FABP4, primarily expressed in adipocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, is integrated into signaling networks that influence immune responses and insulin activity. It has been linked to obesity, inflammation, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Inhibition of FABP4 is emerging as a promising strategy for treating obesity-related conditions, particularly insulin resistance and diabetes. Elevated FABP4 levels in individuals with a BMI above 30 underscore its association with obesity. Furthermore, FABP4 levels are higher not only in the tissues but also in the blood, promoting the onset and development of various cancers. Understanding its broader role reveals involvement in the mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome, contributing to various metabolic and inflammatory responses. While blocking FABP4 offers an alternative therapeutic approach, a comprehensive understanding of potential side effects is crucial before clinical use. This review aims to provide concise insights into FABP4, elucidating its mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications in obesity and associated disorders, contributing to innovative interventions against metabolic syndrome and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Nur Başarır Sivri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Izmir Democracy University, Güzelyalı, Konak, İzmir, 35290, Turkey
| | - Seda Çiftçi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Izmir Democracy University, Güzelyalı, Konak, İzmir, 35290, Turkey
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4
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Mallick R, Basak S, Das RK, Banerjee A, Paul S, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Fatty Acids and their Proteins in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:35-51. [PMID: 37794302 PMCID: PMC10867084 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation is associated with metabolic disorders. Inflammation results from the intertwined cross-talks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the immune response of adipose tissue. In addition, adipose FABP4 levels and lipid droplet proteins are involved in systemic and tissue inflammation. Dysregulated adipocytes help infiltrate immune cells derived from bone marrow responsible for producing cytokines and chemokines. When adipose tissue expands in excess, adipocyte exhibits increased secretion of adipokines and is implicated in metabolic disturbances due to the release of free fatty acids. This review presents an emerging concept in adipose tissue fat metabolism, fatty acid handling and binding proteins, and lipid droplet proteins and their involvement in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ranjit K Das
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc, San Pablo, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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Donjuán-Loredo G, Espinosa-Tanguma R, Guevara E, Rodríguez-Aranda MDC, León-Bejarano F, Hernández-Vidales K, Ramírez-Elías M. Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins Identification during the Evolution of Metabolic Syndrome: A Raman Spectroscopy-Based Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:7472. [PMID: 38005194 PMCID: PMC10672738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess fat in abdominal deposits is a risk factor for multiple conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS); lipid metabolism plays an essential role in these pathologies; fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are dedicated to the cytosolic transport of fat. FABP4, whose primary source is adipose tissue, is released into the circulation, acting as an adipokine, while FABP5 also accompanies the adverse effects of MetS. FABP4 and 5 are potential biomarkers of MetS, but their behavior during syndrome evolution has not been determined. Raman spectroscopy has been applied as an alternative method to disease biomarker detection. In this work, we detected spectral changes related to FABP4 and 5 in the serum at different points of time, using an animal model of a high-fat diet-induced MetS. FABP4 and 5 spectral changes show a contribution during the evolution of MetS, which indicates alteration to a molecular level that predisposes to established MetS. These findings place FABPs as potential biomarkers of MetS and Raman spectroscopy as an alternative method for MetS assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Donjuán-Loredo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, Lomas los Filtros, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Espinosa-Tanguma
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, Lomas los Filtros, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Edgar Guevara
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Rodríguez-Aranda
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Fabiola León-Bejarano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico
| | - Karen Hernández-Vidales
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ramírez-Elías
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico
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Chen D, Wirth KM, Kizy S, Muretta JM, Markowski TW, Yong P, Sheka A, Abdelwahab H, Hertzel AV, Ikramuddin S, Yamamoto M, Bernlohr DA. Desmoglein 2 Functions as a Receptor for Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Breast Cancer Epithelial Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:836-848. [PMID: 37115197 PMCID: PMC10524127 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a secreted adipokine linked to obesity and progression of a variety of cancers. Obesity increases extracellular FABP4 (eFABP4) levels in animal models and in obese breast cancer patients compared with lean healthy controls. Using MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer epithelial cells, we show herein that eFABP4 stimulates cellular proliferation in a time and concentration dependent manner while the non-fatty acid-binding mutant, R126Q, failed to potentiate growth. When E0771 murine breast cancer cells were injected into mice, FABP4 null animals exhibited delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival compared with injections into control C57Bl/6J animals. eFABP4 treatment of MCF-7 cells resulted in a significant increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK), transcriptional activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and corresponding gene targets ALDH1A1, CYP1A1, HMOX1, SOD1 and decreased oxidative stress, while R126Q treatment did not show any effects. Proximity-labeling employing an APEX2-FABP4 fusion protein revealed several proteins functioning in desmosomes as eFABP4 receptor candidates including desmoglein (DSG), desmocollin, junction plankoglobin, desomoplankin, and cytokeratins. AlphaFold modeling predicted an interaction between eFABP4, and the extracellular cadherin repeats of DSG2 and pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed complex formation that was potentiated by oleic acid. Silencing of DSG2 in MCF-7 cells attenuated eFABP4 effects on cellular proliferation, pERK levels, and ALDH1A1 expression compared with controls. IMPLICATIONS These results suggest desmosomal proteins, and in particular desmoglein 2, may function as receptors of eFABP4 and provide new insight into the development and progression of obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Keith M. Wirth
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Scott Kizy
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Joseph M. Muretta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Peter Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Adam Sheka
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hisham Abdelwahab
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ann V. Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Sayeed Ikramuddin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Masonic Cancer Center, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
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7
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Karampetsou N, Alexopoulos L, Minia A, Pliaka V, Tsolakos N, Kontzoglou K, Perrea DN, Patapis P. Epicardial Adipose Tissue as an Independent Cardiometabolic Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e25578. [PMID: 35784958 PMCID: PMC9248997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, visceral adiposity has been at the forefront of scientific research because of its complex role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral lipid compartment between the myocardium and the visceral pericardium. Due to their unobstructed anatomic vicinity, epicardial fat and myocardium are nourished by the same microcirculation. It is widely known that EAT serves as an energy lipid source and thermoregulator for the human heart. In addition to this, epicardial fat exerts highly protective effects since it releases a great variety of anti-inflammatory molecules to the adjacent cardiac muscle. Taking into account the unique properties of human EAT, it is undoubtedly a key factor in cardiac physiology since it facilitates complex heart functions. Under pathological circumstances, however, epicardial fat promotes coronary atherosclerosis in a variety of ways. Therefore, the accurate estimation of epicardial fat thickness and volume could be utilized as an early detecting method and future medication target for coronary artery disease (CAD) elimination. Throughout the years, several therapeutic approaches for dysfunctional human EAT have been proposed. A balanced healthy diet, aerobic and anaerobic physical activity, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological treatment with either traditional or novel antidiabetic and antilipidemic drugs are some of the established medical approaches. In the present article, we review the current knowledge regarding the anatomic and physiological characteristics of epicardial fat. In addition to this, we describe the pathogenic mechanisms which refer to the crosstalk between epicardial fat alteration and coronary arterial atherosclerosis development. Lastly, we present both lifestyle and pharmacological methods as possible treatment options for EAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Karampetsou
- Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Despoina N Perrea
- Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Paulos Patapis
- Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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8
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Zhou S, Wang X, Shi J, Han Q, He L, Tang W, Zhang A. Serum fatty acid binding protein 4 levels are associated with abdominal aortic calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients. Ren Fail 2021; 43:1539-1548. [PMID: 34789046 PMCID: PMC8604498 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.2003205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine that was mainly derived from adipocytes and macrophages. Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and could predict their cardiovascular mortality. The pathogenesis of VC is complex, and adipokines may play an important role in it. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum FABP4 and VC in PD patients. Methods Serum FABP4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. According to the median value of serum FABP4, the participants were divided into the low FABP4 group and the high FABP4 group. Lateral plain X-ray films of abdomen were used to evaluate the abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score. The participants were divided into the high AAC score group (AAC score ≥4, indicating moderate or heavy VC) and the low AAC score group (AAC score <4, indicating no or mild VC). Results 116 PD patients were involved in the study. The AAC score and the proportion of patients with an AAC score ≥4 of the high FABP4 group were significantly higher than those of the low FABP4 group. Serum FABP4 of the high AAC score group was significantly higher than that of the low AAC score group [164.5 (138.4, 362.8) ng/mL versus 144.7 (123.8, 170.1) ng/mL, p = 0.002]. Serum FABP4 was positively associated with the AAC score according to the multivariate linear regression analysis. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum FABP4 was the independent influencer of an AAC score ≥4. Conclusions Serum FABP4 is positively associated with the AAC score and is an independent marker of AAC in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Han
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lian He
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Dahlström EH, Saksi J, Forsblom C, Uglebjerg N, Mars N, Thorn LM, Harjutsalo V, Rossing P, Ahluwalia TS, Lindsberg PJ, Sandholm N, Groop PH. The Low-Expression Variant of FABP4 Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:2391-2401. [PMID: 34244239 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of FABP4 improves cardiometabolic health and protects against atherosclerosis in preclinical models. As cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in type 1 diabetes, we examined the role of FABP4 in the development of complications in type 1 diabetes, focusing on a functional, low-expression variant (rs77878271) in the promoter of the FABP4 gene. For this, we assessed the risk of CVD, stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), end-stage kidney disease, and mortality using Cox proportional hazards models for the FABP4 rs77878271 in 5,077 Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes. The low-expression G allele of rs77878271 increased the risk of CVD, independent of confounders. Findings were tested for replication in 852 Danish and 3,678 Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes. In the meta-analysis, each G allele increased the risk of stroke by 26% (P = 0.04), CAD by 26% (P = 0.006), and CVD by 17% (P = 0.003). In Mendelian randomization, a 1-SD unit decrease in FABP4 increased risk of CAD 2.4-fold. Hence, in contrast with the general population, among patients with type 1 diabetes the low-expression G allele of rs77878271 increased CVD risk, suggesting that genetically low FABP4 levels may be detrimental in the context of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saksi
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Perttu J Lindsberg
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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A-FABP in Metabolic Diseases and the Therapeutic Implications: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179386. [PMID: 34502295 PMCID: PMC8456319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), which is also known as ap2 or FABP4, is a fatty acid chaperone that has been further defined as a fat-derived hormone. It regulates lipid homeostasis and is a key mediator of inflammation. Circulating levels of A-FABP are closely associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic diseases with imminent diagnostic and prognostic significance. Numerous animal studies have elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms involving A-FABP in these diseases. Recent studies demonstrated its physiological role in the regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and its pathological roles in ischemic stroke and liver fibrosis. Due to its implication in various diseases, A-FABP has become a promising target for the development of small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies for disease treatment. This review summarizes the clinical and animal findings of A-FABP in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic diseases in recent years. The underlying mechanism and its therapeutic implications are also highlighted.
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11
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Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia promotes adipogenesis in the absence of adipogenic effectors. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1309-1319. [PMID: 34227239 PMCID: PMC8883808 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) have antidiabetic properties in mice and enhance adipogenesis in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone (ROSI), are pharmacological activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that also promote adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine adipogenic pathways responsible for SCO-mediated adipogenesis and identify potential differences between SCO and ROSI in the ability to promote adipocyte development. METHODS The ability of SCO or ROSI to promote adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells following systematic omission of the common triad of adipogenic effectors dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), and insulin was examined. Adipogenesis was assessed by both neutral lipid quantitation and adipocyte marker gene expression. RESULTS The results demonstrate that SCO and ROSI promote adipogenesis and increase the expression of several peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target genes involved in lipid accumulation in the absence of MIX. However, ROSI can enhance adipogenesis in the absence of MIX and insulin and differentially regulates adipogenic and lipid metabolism genes as compared with SCO. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the adipogenic capabilities of SCO are similar but not identical to ROSI, thereby warranting further research into SCO as a promising source of therapeutic compounds in the treatment of metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- To whom correspondence should be addressed Jacqueline Stephens, Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225) 763-2648, FAX (225) 578-2597,
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12
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Lopez-Lopez JP, Cohen DD, Ney-Salazar D, Martinez D, Otero J, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Camacho PA, Sanchez-Vallejo G, Arcos E, Narvaez C, Garcia H, Perez M, Molina DI, Cure C, Sotomayor A, Rico Á, Hernandez-Triana E, Duran M, Cotes F, Leong DP, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Lopez-Jaramillo P. The prediction of Metabolic Syndrome alterations is improved by combining waist circumference and handgrip strength measurements compared to either alone. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:68. [PMID: 33752666 PMCID: PMC7986558 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adiposity is a major component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), low muscle strength has also been identified as a risk factor for MetS and for cardiovascular disease. We describe the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the relationship between muscle strength, anthropometric measures of adiposity, and associations with the cluster of the components of MetS, in a middle-income country. Methods MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. To assess the association between anthropometric variables (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (W/H), body mass index (BMI)), strength (handgrip/kg bodyweight (HGS/BW)) and the cluster of MetS, we created a MetS score. For each alteration (high triglycerides, low HDLc, dysglycemia, or high blood pressure) one point was conferred. To evaluate the association an index of fat:muscle and MetS score, participants were divided into 9 groups based on combinations of sex-specific tertiles of WC and HGS/BW. Results The overall prevalence of MetS in the 5,026 participants (64% women; mean age 51.2 years) was 42%. Lower HGS/BW, and higher WC, BMI, and W/H were associated with a higher MetS score. Amongst the 9 HGS/BW:WC groups, participants in the lowest tertile of HGS/BW and the highest tertile of WC had a higher MetS score (OR = 4.69 in women and OR = 8.25 in men;p < 0.01) compared to those in the highest tertile of HGS/BW and in the lowest tertile of WC. Conclusion WC was the principal risk factor for a high MetS score and an inverse association between HGS/BW and MetS score was found. Combining these anthropometric measures improved the prediction of metabolic alterations over either alone. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01256-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose P Lopez-Lopez
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Daniela Ney-Salazar
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Johanna Otero
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Diego Gomez-Arbelaez
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Paul A Camacho
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Maritza Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dora I Molina
- Universidad de Caldas y Médicos Internistas de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Carlos Cure
- BIOMELAB Research Center, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Myriam Duran
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Salim Yusuf
- PHRI, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Institute Masira, Medical School, Universidad de Santander, Santander, Colombia. .,Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Investigaciones Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bloque G, piso 6. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
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13
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Kim JS, Kim SW, Lee JS, Lee SK, Abbott R, Lee KY, Lim HE, Sung KC, Cho GY, Koh KK, Kim SH, Shin C, Kim SH. Association of pericardial adipose tissue with left ventricular structure and function: a region-specific effect? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 33494780 PMCID: PMC7836147 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The independent role of pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) as an ectopic fat associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether PAT is associated with left ventricular (LV) structure and function independent of other markers of general obesity. METHODS We studied 2471 participants (50.9 % women) without known CVD from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study, who underwent 2D-echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and computed tomography measurement for PAT. RESULTS Study participants with more PAT were more likely to be men and had higher cardiometabolic indices, including blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels (all P < 0.001). Greater pericardial fat levels across quartiles of PAT were associated with increased LV mass index and left atrial volume index (all P < 0.001) and decreased systolic (P = 0.015) and early diastolic (P < 0.001) TDI velocities, except for LV ejection fraction. These associations remained after a multivariable-adjusted model for traditional CV risk factors and persisted even after additional adjustment for general adiposity measures, such as waist circumference and body mass index. PAT was also the only obesity index independently associated with systolic TDI velocity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PAT was associated with subclinical LV structural and functional deterioration, and these associations were independent of and stronger than with general and abdominal obesity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Seon Won Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Robert Abbott
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Division of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hong Euy Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Division of Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea.
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Ansan, South Korea.
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von Jeinsen B, Ritzen L, Vietheer J, Unbehaun C, Weferling M, Liebetrau C, Hamm CW, Rolf A, Keller T. The adipokine fatty-acid binding protein 4 and cardiac remodeling. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:117. [PMID: 32727561 PMCID: PMC7392717 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous publications about the association between fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and cardiac remodeling have reported different, both beneficial and harmful, associations. Aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the association of FABP4 with parameters of myocardial remodeling defined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS We investigated plasma FABP4 levels in 331 patients (71% men, mean age 63±13 years) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 55%) who underwent a CMR examination. We used linear cox regression to investigate associations between FABP4 and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD), relative wall thickness (RWT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and LVEF (unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, cardiac biomarkers, and comorbidities). RESULTS FABP4 levels were associated with lower LVMI and higher NT-proBNP levels in an adjusted model. The inverse association between FABP4 and LVMI was more pronounced in lower FABP4 levels, whereas the positive association between FABP4 and NT-proBNP was more pronounced in relatively high NT-proBNP levels. CONCLUSIONS Possible beneficial and harmful associations between FABP4 and left ventricular size have been reported. Our results suggest a beneficial association with LVMI (more pronounced in lower FABP4 levels) but a harmful association with NT-proBNP (more pronounced in higher FABP4 levels). Therefore, our results might indicate a potential dose-dependent association of FABP4, but this observation needs further investigation in larger study samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice von Jeinsen
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Center Rhein-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Ritzen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Vietheer
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Unbehaun
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maren Weferling
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Liebetrau
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Center Rhein-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Center Rhein-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Rolf
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Center Rhein-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Keller
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Center Rhein-Main, Berlin, Germany.
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