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Khodayari A, Hirn U, Spirk S, Ogawa Y, Seveno D, Thielemans W. Advancing plant cell wall modelling: Atomistic insights into cellulose, disordered cellulose, and hemicelluloses - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122415. [PMID: 39174111 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of plant cell walls on different hierarchical levels still impedes the detailed understanding of biosynthetic pathways, interferes with processing in industry and finally limits applicability of cellulose materials. While there exist many challenges to readily accessing these hierarchies at (sub-) angström resolution, the development of advanced computational methods has the potential to unravel important questions in this field. Here, we summarize the contributions of molecular dynamics simulations in advancing the understanding of the physico-chemical properties of natural fibres. We aim to present a comprehensive view of the advancements and insights gained from molecular dynamics simulations in the field of carbohydrate polymers research. The review holds immense value as a vital reference for researchers seeking to undertake atomistic simulations of plant cell wall constituents. Its significance extends beyond the realm of molecular modeling and chemistry, as it offers a pathway to develop a more profound comprehension of plant cell wall chemistry, interactions, and behavior. By delving into these fundamental aspects, the review provides invaluable insights into future perspectives for exploration. Researchers within the molecular modeling and carbohydrates community can greatly benefit from this resource, enabling them to make significant strides in unraveling the intricacies of plant cell wall dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodayari
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Centre de recherches sur les macromolécules végétales, CERMAV-CNRS, CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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2
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Kherroubi S, Morjen M, Teka N, Mraihi F, Srairi-Abid N, Le Cerf D, Marrakchi N, Majdoub H, Cherif JK, Jebali J, Ternane R. Chemical characterization and pharmacological properties of polysaccharides from Allium roseum leaves: In vitro and in vivo assays. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134302. [PMID: 39094866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Allium roseum is amongst the most important wild medicinal plants. It is known for its diverse biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. In this work, the polysaccharides (PARLs) were ultrasonically extracted from Allium roesum leaves then purified and analyzed by several techniques. Chemical composition and GC-MS analysis showed that the obtained polysaccharides were composed mainly of glucose (40.20 %), mannose (25.30 %), fructose (10.60 %) and galacturonic acid (15.11 %). Moreover, PARLs exhibited a potent antioxidant effect with higher capacities up to 69.61 % and 71.72 % for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, respectively. Furthermore, PARLs significantly modulated inflammatory response by reducing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 mediator in LPS stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. The in-vivo tests proved that the extract was able to decrease carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling by around 68.15 % after 4 h of treatment. PARLs, significantly reduced the growth of U87 (glioblastoma) and IGROV-1 cancer cells with IC50 values of about 4.27 and 7.89 mg/mL respectively. This research clearly shows that Allium roseum polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kherroubi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Maram Morjen
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Teka
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, LR11ES55 Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Farouk Mraihi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS (UMR 6270 & FR 3038), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Medicine School of Tunis, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, LR11ES55 Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Jamila Kalthoum Cherif
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Jed Jebali
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
| | - Riadh Ternane
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
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Shakhmatov EG, Makarova EN. Structure of KOH-soluble polysaccharides from сoniferous greens of Norway spruce (Picea abies): The pectin-xylan-AGPs complex. Part 1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130289. [PMID: 38378107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Using 7 % KOH, the polysaccharide PAK has been isolated from the coniferous greens of Norway spruce. PAK was found to contain predominantly arabinoglucuronoxylan, xyloglucan and arabinan, but also pectic polysaccharides, glucomannan and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), as determined by 1D/2D NMR analysis. It was found that fractionation of PAK on DEAE-cellulose resulted in simultaneous elution of pectins, arabinoglucuronoxylans and AGPs. It was evident that the content of 4-OMe-α-D-GlcpA and xylose, 1,4-β-D-GlcpA, and T-β-D-GlcpA increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. However, 1,4-α-D-GalpA content was almost independent of NaCl concentration, indicating unchanged pectic polysaccharide concentration. Interestingly, pectins extracted with 0.1-0.3 M NaCl solutions were richer in rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) than those extracted with water and 0.01 M NaCl. Conclusion: The content of RG-I, AGPs and arabinoglucuronoxylan rises with rising NaCl concentration. An intense signal indicating an intermolecular linkage between the xylan and RG-I domains, i.e. that part of the arabinoglucuronoxylan is covalently bound to RG-I, is observed in the HMBC spectra of the polysaccharides obtained. The discovery here of a new relationship between rhamnogalacturonan I and xylan contradicts the prevailing cell wall model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
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Karppanen H, Halahlah A, Kilpeläinen PO, Mikkonen KS, Ho TM. Gel characteristics of low-acetyl spruce galactoglucomannans. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121316. [PMID: 37739540 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Galactoglucomannans (GGM) recovered from abundant forest industry side-streams has been widely recognized as a renewable hydrocolloid. The low molar mass and presence of O-acetyl side-groups results in low viscous dispersions and weak intermolecular interactions that make GGM unsuitable for hydrogel formation, unless forcefully chemically derivatized and/or crosslinked with other polymers. Here we present the characterization of hydrogels prepared from GGM after tailoring the degree of acetylation by alkaline treatment during its recovery. Specifically, we investigated gel characteristics of low-acetyl GGM dispersions prepared at varied solid concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %) and pH (4, 7 and 10), and then subjected to ultrasonication. The results indicated that low-acetyl GGM dispersions formed gels (G' > G″) at all other studied solid concentration and pH level combinations except 5 % and pH 4. High pH levels, leading to further removal of acetyl groups, and high solid concentration facilitated the gel formation. GGM hydrogels were weak gels with strong shear-thinning behavior and thixotropic properties, and high hardness and water holding capacity; which were enhanced with increased pH and solid concentration, and prolonged storage time. Our study showed the possibility to utilize low-acetyl GGM as mildly processed gelling or thickening agents, and renewable materials for bio-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Karppanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abedalghani Halahlah
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri O Kilpeläinen
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Production Systems Unit - Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Viikinkaari 9, FI-00790 HU, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thao M Ho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Sun L, Yin X, Sossah FL, Han X, Li Y. Comparative genomic analysis of pleurotus species reveals insights into the evolution and coniferous utilization of Pleurotus placentodes. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1292556. [PMID: 38028535 PMCID: PMC10658006 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1292556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus placentodes (PPL) and Pleurotus cystidiosus (PCY) are economically valuable species. PPL grows on conifers, while PCY grows on broad-leaved trees. To reveal the genetic mechanism behind PPL's adaptability to conifers, we performed de novo genome sequencing and comparative analysis of PPL and PCY. We determined the size of the genomes for PPL and PCY to be 36.12 and 42.74 Mb, respectively, and found that they contain 10,851 and 15,673 protein-coding genes, accounting for 59.34% and 53.70% of their respective genome sizes. Evolution analysis showed PPL was closely related to P. ostreatus with the divergence time of 62.7 MYA, while PCY was distantly related to other Pleurotus species with the divergence time of 111.7 MYA. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZYmes) in PPL and PCY showed that the increase number of CAZYmes related to pectin and cellulose degradation (e.g., AA9, PL1) in PPL may be important for the degradation and colonization of conifers. In addition, geraniol degradation and peroxisome pathways identified by comparative genomes should be another factors for PPL's tolerance to conifer substrate. Our research provides valuable genomes for Pleurotus species and sheds light on the genetic mechanism of PPL's conifer adaptability, which could aid in breeding new Pleurotus varieties for coniferous utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Frederick Leo Sossah
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Xuerong Han
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Fungal Phenomics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Zheng B, Yang H, Xu X, Xiang Z, Hong Z, Zheng H, Wu A, Li H. Characterization of hemicellulose in Cunninghamia lanceolata stem during xylogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125530. [PMID: 37355061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hemicellulose was isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of C. lanceolata stem to investigate the dynamic change of its structure during xylogenesis. Results showed that the C. lanceolata hemicellulose is mainly consisted of O-acetylgalactoglucomannan (GGM) which backbone is alternately linked by β-d-mannopyranosyl (Manp) and β-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp) via (1 → 4)-glycosidic bond, while the side chains are α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and acetyl. In addition, 4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) is another dominant structure of C. lanceolata hemicellulose which contains a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-β-d-xylopyranosyl (Xylp) and side chains of 4-O-Me-α-d-glucuronic acid (MeGlcpA) and α-L-arabinofuranose (Araf). The thickness of the cell wall, the ratio of GGM/GAX and the molecular weight of hemicellulose were increased as the extension of growth time. The degree of glycosyl substitutions of xylan and mannan was decreased from 10.34 % (apical) to 8.38 % (basal) and from 15.63 % (apical) to 10.49 % (basal), respectively. However, the total degree of acetylation was enhanced from 0.28 (apical) to 0.37 (basal). Transcriptome analysis showed that genes (CSLA9, IRX9H1, IRX10L, IRX15L, GMGT1, TBL19, TBL25, GUX2, GUX3, GXM1, F8H1 and F8H2) related to hemicellulose biosynthesis are mainly expressed in mature part. This study is of great significance for genetic breeding and high-value utilization of C. lanceolata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhouyang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhou Hong
- Research institute of tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huiquan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Aimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Hemicellulose: Structure, Chemical Modification, and Application. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Chen J, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zheng Q, Lan M, Li B. Structural characteristics and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of a heteropolysaccharide from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123843. [PMID: 36858093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an acid polysaccharide (AABP-1B) was extracted from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and purified using 60 % alcohol precipitation and DEAE-52 cellulose. The molecular weight of AABP-1B was 105 kDa, and it consisted of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara) in a ratio of 6.3:1.3:1.1:0.2:0.4:0.7. Methylation and NMR analyses revealed that the backbone of AABP-1 consists of 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 and 4)-2-O-acetyl-β-D-Manp-(1. In addition, the biological activity assays showed that AABP-1B not only displays potential antioxidant activity but also exhibits the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effect. Moreover, AABP-1B enhanced glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells. These results suggest that AABP-1B has potential hypoglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meijuan Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Beidler I, Robb CS, Vidal-Melgosa S, Zühlke MK, Bartosik D, Solanki V, Markert S, Becher D, Schweder T, Hehemann JH. Marine bacteroidetes use a conserved enzymatic cascade to digest diatom β-mannan. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:276-285. [PMID: 36411326 PMCID: PMC9860051 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-mannan, which is common in terrestrial plants but unknown in microalgae, was recently detected during diatom blooms. We identified a β-mannan polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) in the genome of the marine flavobacterium Muricauda sp. MAR_2010_75. Proteomics showed β-mannan induced translation of 22 proteins encoded within the PUL. Biochemical and structural analyses deduced the enzymatic cascade for β-mannan utilization. A conserved GH26 β-mannanase with endo-activity depolymerized the β-mannan. Consistent with the biochemistry, X-ray crystallography showed the typical TIM-barrel fold of related enzymes found in terrestrial β-mannan degraders. Structural and biochemical analyses of a second GH26 allowed the prediction of an exo-activity on shorter manno-gluco oligosaccharides. Further analysis demonstrated exo-α-1,6-galactosidase- and endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity of the PUL-encoded GH27 and GH5_26, respectively, indicating the target substrate is a galactoglucomannan. Epitope deletion assays with mannanases as analytic tools indicate the presence of β-mannan in the diatoms Coscinodiscus wailesii and Chaetoceros affinis. Mannanases from the PUL were active on diatom β-mannan and polysaccharide extracts sampled during a microalgal bloom at the North Sea. Together these results demonstrate that marine microorganisms use a conserved enzymatic cascade to degrade β-mannans of marine and terrestrial origin and that this metabolic pathway plays a role in marine carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Beidler
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Craig S Robb
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vidal-Melgosa
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marie-Katherin Zühlke
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vipul Solanki
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Effect of Loblolly Pine ( Pinus taeda L.) Hemicellulose Structure on the Properties of Hemicellulose-Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010046. [PMID: 36615241 PMCID: PMC9822227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemicellulose is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide and a promising feedstock for biomaterial synthesis. In the present study, the hemicellulose of loblolly pine was obtained by the alkali extraction-graded ethanol precipitation technique, and the hemicellulose-polyvinyl alcohol (hemicellulose-PVA) composite film was prepared by film casting from water. Results showed that hemicellulose with a low degree of substitution is prone to self-aggregation during film formation, while hemicellulose with high branching has better compatibility with PVA and is easier to form a homogeneous composite film. In addition, the higher molecular weight of hemicellulose facilitates the preparation of hemicellulose-PVA composite film with better mechanical properties. More residual lignin in hemicellulose results in the better UV shielding ability of the composite film. This study provides essential support for the efficient and rational utilization of hemicellulose.
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11
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Rusinova-Videva S, Ognyanov M, Georgiev Y, Petrova A, Dimitrova P, Kambourova M. Chemical characterization and biological effect of exopolysaccharides synthesized by Antarctic yeasts Cystobasidium ongulense AL 101 and Leucosporidium yakuticum AL 102 on murine innate immune cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:39. [PMID: 36512173 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by two Antarctic yeasts isolated from soil and penguin feathers samples collected on Livingston Island (Antarctica). The strains were identified as belonging to the species Leucosporidium yakuticum (LY) and Cystobasidium ongulense (CO) based on molecular genetic analysis. The EPS production was investigated using submerged cultivation. Different chemical, chromatographic, and spectral analyses were employed to characterize EPSs. LY accumulated 5.5 g/L biomass and 4.0 g/L EPS after 120 h of cultivation, while CO synthesized 2.1 g/L EPS at the end of cultivation, and the biomass amount reached 5.5 g/L. LY-EPS was characterized by a higher total carbohydrate content (80%) and a lower protein content (18%) by comparison with CO-EPS (62%, 30%). The LY-EPS mainly consisted of mannose (90 mol%), whereas CO-EPS had also glucose, galactose, and small amounts of uronic acids (8-5 mol%). Spectral analyses (FT-IR and 1D, 2D NMR) revealed that LY-EPS comprised a typical β-(1 → 4)-mannan. Branched (hetero)mannan, together with β/α-glucans constituted the majority of CO-EPS. Unlike LY-EPS, which had a high percentage of high molecular weight populations, CO-EPS displayed a large quantity of lower molecular weight fractions and a higher degree of heterogeneity. LY-EPS (100 ng/mL) elevated significantly interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in splenic murine macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. The results indicated that newly identified EPSs might affect IFN-γ signaling and in turn, might enhance anti-infectious responses. The data obtained also revealed the potential of EPSs and yeasts for practical application in biochemical engineering and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezhana Rusinova-Videva
- Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Manol Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Petrova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita Kambourova
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Teka N, Alminderej FM, Souid G, El-Ghoul Y, Le Cerf D, Majdoub H. Characterization of Polysaccharides Sequentially Extracted from Allium roseum Leaves and Their Hepatoprotective Effects against Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Mouse Liver. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101866. [PMID: 36290591 PMCID: PMC9599006 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium roseum is one of the medicinal plants of the Liliaceae family, widely used in the food industry and traditional medicine. It is known for its various biological properties, such as its antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The present work aims to extract the polysaccharides from Allium roseum leaves and evaluate their antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects in vivo. Three polysaccharides from the leaves of Allium roseum were sequentially extracted in three media: water, chelating, and basic, respectively. They were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, FTIR-ATR, and NMR spectroscopy (1D and 2D). The different polysaccharides principally consist of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, and galacturonic acid. The antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of the extracts against Cd-caused oxidative stress in liver mouse were tested. Cd treatment, during 24 h, enhanced significantly lipid peroxidation by a high production of malondyaldehyd (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In contrast, catalase activity (CAT) was decreased after the same period of exposure to the metal. The polysaccharides pre-treatment improved the antioxidant defense system to a great degree, mainly explained by the modulating levels of oxydative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, and CAT). This research clearly shows that Allium roseum polysaccharides, especially those extracted in aqueous medium, can be used as natural antioxidants with hepatoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Teka
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.M.A.); (Y.E.-G.); (H.M.)
| | - Ghada Souid
- Research Unit: Mycotoxins, Phycotoxins and Associated Pathologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Yassine El-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (F.M.A.); (Y.E.-G.); (H.M.)
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, UMR 6270 & FR 3038, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (F.M.A.); (Y.E.-G.); (H.M.)
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Structural characterization and biological evaluation of a new O-acetyl-1,4-linked-β-d-mannan possessed potential application in hydrophilic polymer materials from Dendrobium devonianum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:328-338. [PMID: 35594938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To explore the active polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum, a novel O-acetylmannan (DDP-1) with molecular weight of 117 kDa was isolated from D. devonianum. The chemical and instrumental analysis indicated that the DDP-1 was a homopolysaccharide containing a backbone chain composed of →4)-β-d-Manp-(1 → (71.4%) residue with internal →4)-2-O-acetyl-β-d-Manp-(1 → (14.2%), →4)-3-O-acetyl-β-d-Manp-(1 → (7.1%), and non-reducing end β-d-Manp-(1 → (7.3%) residues. Anticancer assay in vitro revealed that DDP-1 had anticancer activity against the growth of HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Moreover, cytokine secretion assays also presented that DDP-1 can promote cytokine production of TNF-α and IL-6 in THP-1 macrophage stimulated by PMA. Finally, the effects of isolation and purification on the microstructure of DDP-1 was studied by scanning electron microscope. The morphological features of DDP-1 indicated that DDP-1 hold high potential application in hydrophilic polymer materials.
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Wang X, Zhou X, Wang K, Cao X. Structural characterisation and bioactivity of polysaccharides isolated from fermented Dendrobium officinale. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:280-290. [PMID: 34091920 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A polysaccharide was purified in this study, which was acquired from the fermentation broth of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. We aimed to investigate the structural features and bioactivity of this polysaccharide. RESULTS The polysaccharide was purified and the main polysaccharide fraction (i.e., DOP-1) was obtained. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) revealed that the molecular weight of DOP-1 was 447.48 kDa. Galactose, glucose and mannose were found to be present in DOP-1 via monosaccharide composition analysis, at a ratio of 1:1.79:6.71. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis indicated that the backbone of DOP-1 was →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 4,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→, and its repeating units were also preliminarily established. In vitro tests proved that DOP-1 not only protects RAW264.7 macrophages from the cytotoxic effect induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but also inhibits cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α) induced by LPS. DOP-1 demonstrated good scavenging activity in vitro toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals, as well as good metal chelating activity. Therefore, DOP-1 has potential antioxidant applications. CONCLUSION The structural characteristics of DOP-1 support its favourable biological activities and lay a strong foundation for further exploration of its structure-activity relationships and activity development, providing experimental data for the development and utilisation of fermentation broth of D. officinale. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilai Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Xianying Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
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15
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Zhang X, Bi C, Shi H, Li X. Structural studies of a mannoglucan from Cremastra appendiculata (Orchidaceae) by chemical and enzymatic methods. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118524. [PMID: 34420759 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pseudobulb of Cremastra appendiculata (Orchidaceae) is a traditionally used medicine in China for treatment of certain cancers. The polysaccharides from this medicinal plant are poorly understood. Therefore, we focused on the isolation and fine structure characterization of C. appendiculata polysaccharides. After isolation by DE-52 and Superdex 200 gel chromatography, the purified polysaccharide (named as CAP) with Mw 557.5 kDa was obtained with a narrow and symmetric peak presented in the HPGPC. The monosaccharide composition results showed in HPAEC that CAP was a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose and mannose at a molar ratio roughly 0.34:0.66. The methylation results indicated that CAP was a 1,4-β-mannose and 1,4-β-glucose linear linkage. The further NMR studies suggested a 0.208 acetylation substitution of CAP and a hexasaccharide repeating unit composed of 1,4-β-mannose and1, 4-β-glucose in the CAP structure. The chemical structure of CAP was confirmed further by the specific glucanase and mannanase hydrolysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Caili Bi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Hongcan Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
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16
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Lassfolk R, Bertuzzi S, Ardá A, Wärnå J, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Leino R. Kinetic Studies of Acetyl Group Migration between the Saccharide Units in an Oligomannoside Trisaccharide Model Compound and a Native Galactoglucomannan Polysaccharide. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2986-2995. [PMID: 34405515 PMCID: PMC8597014 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl group migration is a fundamental phenomenon in carbohydrate chemistry, recently shown to take place also between two non-adjacent hydroxyl groups, across the glycosidic bond, in a β-(1→4)-linked mannan trisaccharide model compound. With the central mannoside unit containing acetyl groups at the O2 and O3 positions, the O2-acetyl was in the earlier study shown to migrate to O6 of the reducing end. Potential implications of the general acyl migration process on cell signaling events and plant growth in nature are intriguing open questions. In the present work, migration kinetics in this original trisaccharide model system were studied in more detail together with potential interactions of the model compound and the migration products with DC-SIGN lectin. Furthermore, we demonstrate here for the first time that similar migration may also take place in native polysaccharides, here represented by galactoglucomannan from Norway spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lassfolk
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and EngineeringÅbo Akademi University20500TurkuFinland
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- Chemical Glycobiology LaboratoryCIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Chemical Glycobiology LaboratoryCIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
| | - Johan Wärnå
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction EngineeringÅbo Akademi University20500TurkuFinland
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology LaboratoryCIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
- Department of Organic & Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU48940LeioaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and EngineeringÅbo Akademi University20500TurkuFinland
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Khodayari A, Thielemans W, Hirn U, Van Vuure AW, Seveno D. Cellulose-hemicellulose interactions - A nanoscale view. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118364. [PMID: 34364609 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study interactions of five different hemicellulose models, i.e. Galactoglucomannan, O-Acetyl-Galactoglucomannan, Fuco-Galacto-Xyloglucan, 4-O-Methylglucuronoxylan, and 4-O-Methylglucuronoarabinoxylan, and their respective binding strength to cellulose nanocrystals by molecular dynamics simulations. Glucuronoarabinoxylan showed the highest free energy of binding, whereas Xyloglucan had the lowest interaction energies amongst the five models. We further performed simulated shear tests and concluded that failure mostly happens at the inter-molecular interaction level within the hemicellulose fraction, rather than at the interface with cellulose. The presence of water molecules seems to have a weakening effect on the interactions of hemicellulose and cellulose, taking up the available hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulose for hydrogen bonding. We believe that these studies can shed light on better understanding of plant cell walls, as well as providing evidence on variability of the structures of different plant sources for extractions, purification, and operation of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodayari
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Makarova EN, Shakhmatov EG. Characterization of pectin-xylan-glucan-arabinogalactan proteins complex from Siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117825. [PMID: 33712166 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide ASK was isolated from the Abies sibirica foliage by extraction with an aqueous KOH solution. ASK was shown to contain structurally different polymers such as arabinoglucuronoxylans, xyloglucans, glucomannans, arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). The pectic polysaccharides were also found in the alkaline extract of ASK and were represented by regions of homogalactorunan and rhamnogalactouronan-I whose side sugar chains were made up chiefly of highly branched 1,5-α-l-arabinan. The potential couplings between those polysaccharides were examined. Our studies showed simultaneous elution of pectin, xyloglucans, arabinoglucuronoxylans and AGPs, indicating that pectins can be covalently bound to the other cell-wall polysaccharides. NMR spectroscopy results revealed that the polysaccharides obtained by ion-exchange chromatography almost had no free reducing ends. These findings corroborate the conclusion that pectin, AGPs, glucan and xylan are bound together. The existence of the covalently bound complex of pectin-xylan-xyloglucan-AGP is suggested herein. Pectin and xylan are hypothesized to be covalently linked through RG-I regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya St. 48, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia.
| | - Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya St. 48, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
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Wang YJ, Wan DL, Li QM, Zha XQ, Luo JP. Structural characteristics and immunostimulatory activities of a new polysaccharide from Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Food Funct 2021; 12:3057-3068. [PMID: 33710189 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide (cDFP-W1) with high immunostimulatory activities was isolated from the stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. The analysis of the physicochemical properties showed that cDFP-W1 consisted of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1 : 3.84, and its relative molecular weight was 4.0 × 104 Da. Structural analysis implied that the linear backbone of cDFP-W1 was composed of α-1,4-d-Glcp, β-1,4-d-Manp, 3-O-acetyl-α-1,4-d-Glcp and α-1,4,6-d-Glcp, and its branches were the terminal β-d-Manp that was attached to the C-6 position of α-1,4,6-d-Glcp. An in vivo immunostimulatory assay exhibited that cDFP-W1 at 200 mg kg-1 could significantly increase the proportions of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations, B cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, decrease the proportion of CD8+ T-cell subpopulations, and upregulate the percentage of activated macrophages (p < 0.01) in the spleen of mice. An in vitro immunostimulatory assay revealed that cDFP-W1 could effectively promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and stimulate the mRNA expression and extracellular release of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β of RAW264.7 cells. The western blot experiment suggested that the immunostimulatory activities of cDFP-W1 were closely related to the activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Sun SC, Sun D, Cao XF. Effect of integrated treatment on enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of cocksfoot grass and the structural characteristics of co-produced hemicelluloses. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:88. [PMID: 33827662 PMCID: PMC8028065 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) with high biomass yield and rich cellulose can be used to produce bioethanol as fuel additive. In view of this, ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments followed by successive alkali extractions were assembled into an integrated biorefinery process applied on cocksfoot grass to improve its enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, the effects of ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments followed by sequential alkali extractions on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cocksfoot grass were investigated. In addition, since large amount of hemicelluloses were released during the hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali extraction process, the yields, structural characteristics and differentials of water- and alkali-soluble hemicellulosic fractions isolated from different treatments were also comparatively explored. RESULTS The integrated treatment significantly removed amorphous hemicelluloses and lignin, resulting in increased crystallinity of the treated residues. A maximum saccharification rate of 95.1% was obtained from the cellulose-rich substrate after the integrated treatment. In addition, the considerable hemicelluloses (31.4% water-soluble hemicelluloses and 53.4% alkali-soluble hemicelluloses) were isolated during the integrated treatment. The released water-soluble hemicellulosic fractions were found to be more branched as compared with the alkali-soluble hemicellulosic fractions and all hemicellulosic fractions were mixed polysaccharides mainly composed of branched xylans and β-glucans. CONCLUSION The combination of ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments followed by successive alkali extractions can dramatically increase the enzymatic saccharification rate of the substrates and produce considerable amounts of hemicelluloses. Detailed information about the enzymatic hydrolysis rates of the treated substrates and the structural characteristics of the co-produced hemicelluloses will help the synergistic utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in cocksfoot grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Dan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xue-Fei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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21
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Sun SF, Yang HY, Yang J, Wang DW, Shi ZJ. Integrated treatment of perennial ryegrass: Structural characterization of hemicelluloses and improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chadni M, Grimi N, Bals O, Ziegler-Devin I, Desobry S, Brosse N. Elaboration of hemicellulose-based films: Impact of the extraction process from spruce wood on the film properties. Carbohydr Res 2020; 497:108111. [PMID: 32871297 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, steam explosion (STEX), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) pretreatments have been evaluated for their impact on the physicochemical characteristics of extracted hemicellulosic polymers and on the resulting hemicellulose-based films. Extraction was carried out on spruce sawdust pre-soaked in water (WPS) or 1 M NaOH solution (SPS). The results have shown that STEX pretreatment gave the highest hemicellulose yields (64 and 66 mg g-1 of dry wood from WPS and SPS respectively) followed by MAE and HVED whilst MAE pretreatment produced the highest molecular mass (Mw~66 kDa of arabinoglucoronoxylans from SPS and 56 kDa for galactoglucomannans from WPS). A relatively high acetylation degree was found for STEX WPS (acetylation degree ≈ 0.35) and a high lignin content for STEX SPS (≈12%). Films have been produced by casting using sorbitol as plasticizer. Low oxygen barrier and light transmittance properties were observed for the films obtained from hemicelluloses extracted from SPS due to their high molecular mass and to intermolecular bonding of hemicelluloses and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Chadni
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne Cedex, France; SOFREN, 336 Bureaux de La Coline, Bâtiment A - 7ème étage, 92213, Saint-Cloud Cedex, France.
| | - Nabil Grimi
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Bals
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Ziegler-Devin
- Université de Lorraine - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire D'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois - EA 4370, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Desobry
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio (Laboratoire D'Ingénierie des Biomolécules), F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- Université de Lorraine - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire D'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois - EA 4370, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Naidjonoka P, Hernandez MA, Pálsson GK, Heinrich F, Stålbrand H, Nylander T. On the interaction of softwood hemicellulose with cellulose surfaces in relation to molecular structure and physicochemical properties of hemicellulose. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7063-7076. [PMID: 32756673 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00264j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The substantial part of the water-soluble hemicellulose fraction, obtained when processing cellulose to produce paper and other products, has so far been discarded. The aim of this work is to reveal the interfacial properties of softwood hemicellulose (galactoglucomannan, GGM) in relation to their molecular and solution structure. In this study the sugar composition of GGM was characterised by chemical analysis as well as 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Previously it has been demonstrated that hemicellulose has high affinity towards cellulose and has the ability to alter the properties of cellulose based products. This study is focused on the interactions between hemicellulose and the cellulose surface. Therefore, adsorption to hydrophobized silica and cellulose surfaces of two softwood hemicellulose samples and structurally similar seed hemicelluloses (galactomannans, GMs) was studied with ellipsometry, QCM-D and neutron reflectometry. Aqueous solutions of all samples were characterized with light scattering to determine how the degree of side-group substitution and molecular weight affect the conformation and aggregation of these polymers in the bulk. In addition, hemicellulose samples were studied with SAXS to investigate backbone flexibility. Light scattering results indicated that GM polymers form globular particles while GGMs were found to form rod-like aggregates in the solution. The polysaccharides exhibit higher adsorption to cellulose than on hydrophobic surfaces. A clear correlation between the increase in molecular weight of polysaccharides and increasing adsorbed amount on cellulose was observed, while the adsorbed amount on the hydrophobic surface was fairly independent of the molecular weight. The obtained layer thickness was compared with bulk scattering data and the results indicated flat conformation of the polysaccharides on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Naidjonoka
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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24
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Kuang MT, Li JY, Yang XB, Yang L, Xu JY, Yan S, Lv YF, Ren FC, Hu JM, Zhou J. Structural characterization and hypoglycemic effect via stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion of two polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Makarova EN, Shakhmatov EG. Structural characteristics of oxalate-soluble polysaccharides from Norway spruce (Picea abies) foliage. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116544. [PMID: 32747233 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Structurally different polymers were derived from Picea abies foliage by successive extraction with water (PAW), HCl solution (PAA) and (NH4)2C2O4 solution (PAO). The P. abies foliage was found to contain basically low-methoxyl pectin extractable with an (NH4)2C2O4 solution. PAW was shown to comprise primarily arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs); PAA was composed of mixed AGPs and pectic polysaccharides, with the latter prevailing; and polysaccharide PAO isolated in the highest yield included chiefly pectic polysaccharides. The major constituents of PAO were low-methoxyl and low-acetylated 1,4-α-d-galacturonan and partially acetylated RG-I. The sugar side chains of RG-I contained chiefly highly branched 1,5-α-l-arabinan and arabinogalactan type I as a minor constituent. RG-I whose side chains had 1,5-α-l-arabinan represented short regions alternating with non-acetylated and unmethylesterified galacturonan regions. In addition to pectins, polysaccharide PAO contained AGPs, xylanes and glucomannans, indicating that these polysaccharides are in an intimate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya St. 48, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia.
| | - Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya St. 48, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
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26
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Time-dependent self-association of spruce galactoglucomannans depends on pH and mechanical shearing. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Härdelin L, Bernin D, Börjesson M, Ström A, Larsson A. Altered Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Spruce Galactoglucomannan Films Modified with an Etherification Reaction. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1832-1840. [PMID: 32068390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Native hemicellulose lacks many of the properties that make fossil fuel-based polymers excellent for use in today's industrial products and processes. The mechanical and thermal properties of the hemicellulose can, however, be modified, and its processability increased. We functionalized galactoglucomannan to lower its glass transition temperature (Tg) and thereby increase its processability. The functionalization was achieved through an etherification reaction with butyl glycidyl ether used at three molar ratios. Films were produced, and their mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that increased substitution increased the degradation temperature and decreased the water content in the sample, implying increased hydrophobicity upon modification. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that butyl glycidyl ether functionalization alters the thermal properties of the modified films both in the absolute values of Tg and in the strength of the films. The etherification reaction resulted in a more ductile material than the unmodified galactoglucomannan (GGM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Härdelin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikaela Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ström
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Shi XD, Yin JY, Cui SW, Wang Q, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Studies on O-acetyl-glucomannans from Amorphophallus species: Comparison of fine structure. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Cragg SM, Friess DA, Gillis LG, Trevathan-Tackett SM, Terrett OM, Watts JEM, Distel DL, Dupree P. Vascular Plants Are Globally Significant Contributors to Marine Carbon Fluxes and Sinks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:469-497. [PMID: 31505131 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
More than two-thirds of global biomass consists of vascular plants. A portion of the detritus they generate is carried into the oceans from land and highly productive blue carbon ecosystems-salt marshes, mangrove forests, and seagrass meadows. This large detrital input receives scant attention in current models of the global carbon cycle, though for blue carbon ecosystems, increasingly well-constrained estimates of biomass, productivity, and carbon fluxes, reviewed in this article, are now available. We show that the fate of this detritus differs markedly from that of strictly marine origin, because the former contains lignocellulose-an energy-rich polymer complex of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin that is resistant to enzymatic breakdown. This complex can be depolymerized for nutritional purposes by specialized marine prokaryotes, fungi, protists, and invertebrates using enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to release sugar monomers. The lignin component, however, is less readily depolymerized, and detritus therefore becomes lignin enriched, particularly in anoxic sediments, and forms a major carbon sink in blue carbon ecosystems. Eventual lignin breakdown releases a wide variety of small molecules that may contribute significantly to the oceanic pool of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon. Marine carbon fluxes and sinks dependent on lignocellulosic detritus are important ecosystem services that are vulnerable to human interventions. These services must be considered when protecting blue carbon ecosystems and planning initiatives aimed at mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Cragg
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, United Kingdom;
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570;
| | - Lucy G Gillis
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenforschung (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Stacey M Trevathan-Tackett
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia;
| | - Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Joy E M Watts
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom;
| | - Daniel L Distel
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center of New England Biolabs, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts 01908, USA;
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom; ,
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30
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Guo Q, Wang J, Cui SW. Structural characterization and conformational properties of a polysaccharide isolated from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Lahtinen MH, Valoppi F, Juntti V, Heikkinen S, Kilpeläinen PO, Maina NH, Mikkonen KS. Lignin-Rich PHWE Hemicellulose Extracts Responsible for Extended Emulsion Stabilization. Front Chem 2019; 7:871. [PMID: 31921786 PMCID: PMC6927942 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood hemicelluloses have an excellent capacity to form and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Galactoglucomannans (GGM) from spruce and glucuronoxylans (GX) from birch provide multifunctional protection against physical breakdown and lipid oxidation in emulsions. Phenolic residues, coextracted with hemicelluloses using the pressurized hot water (PHWE) process, seem to further enhance emulsion stability. According to hypothesis, phenolic residues associated with hemicelluloses deliver and anchor hemicelluloses at the emulsion interface. This study is the first to characterize the structure of the phenolic residues in both GGM- and GX-rich wood extracts and their role in the stabilization of emulsions. PHWE GGM and GX were fractionated by centrifugation to obtain concentrated phenolic residues as one fraction (GGM-phe and GX-phe) and partially purified hemicelluloses as the other fraction (GGM-pur and GX-pur). To evaluate the role of each fraction in terms of physical and oxidative stabilization, rapeseed oil-in-water emulsions were prepared using GGM, GX, GGM-pur, and GX-pur as stabilizers. Changes in droplet-size distribution and peroxide values were measured during a 3-month accelerated storage test. The results for fresh emulsions indicated that the phenolic-rich fractions in hemicelluloses take part in the formation of emulsions. Furthermore, results from the accelerated storage test indicated that phenolic structures improve the long-term physical stability of emulsions. According to measured peroxide values, all hemicelluloses examined inhibited lipid oxidation in emulsions, GX being the most effective. This indicates that phenolic residues associated with hemicelluloses act as antioxidants in emulsions. According to chemical characterization using complementary methods, the phenolic fractions, GGM-phe and GX-phe, were composed mainly of lignin. Furthermore, the total carbohydrate content of the phenolic fractions was clearly lower compared to the starting hemicelluloses GGM and GX, and the purified fractions GGM-pur and GX-pur. Apparently, the phenolic structures were enriched in the GGM-phe and GX-phe fractions, which was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy as well as by other characterization methods. The frequency of the main bonding pattern in lignins, the β-O-4 structure, was clearly very high, suggesting that extracted lignin remains in native form. Furthermore, the lignin carbohydrate complex of γ-ester type was found, which could explain the excellent stabilizing properties of PHWE hemicelluloses in emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit H Lahtinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Valoppi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venla Juntti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ndegwa H Maina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Verhertbruggen Y, Falourd X, Sterner M, Guillon F, Girousse C, Foucat L, Le Gall S, Chateigner-Boutin AL, Saulnier L. Challenging the putative structure of mannan in wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Terrett OM, Lyczakowski JJ, Yu L, Iuga D, Franks WT, Brown SP, Dupree R, Dupree P. Molecular architecture of softwood revealed by solid-state NMR. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4978. [PMID: 31673042 PMCID: PMC6823442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Economically important softwood from conifers is mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, galactoglucomannan and xylan, and the phenolic polymer, lignin. The interactions between these polymers lead to wood mechanical strength and must be overcome in biorefining. Here, we use 13C multidimensional solid-state NMR to analyse the polymer interactions in never-dried cell walls of the softwood, spruce. In contrast to some earlier softwood cell wall models, most of the xylan binds to cellulose in the two-fold screw conformation. Moreover, galactoglucomannan alters its conformation by intimately binding to the surface of cellulose microfibrils in a semi-crystalline fashion. Some galactoglucomannan and xylan bind to the same cellulose microfibrils, and lignin is associated with both of these cellulose-bound polysaccharides. We propose a model of softwood molecular architecture which explains the origin of the different cellulose environments observed in the NMR experiments. Our model will assist strategies for improving wood usage in a sustainable bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Jan J Lyczakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Natural Material Innovation Centre, University of Cambridge, 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Natural Material Innovation Centre, University of Cambridge, 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - W Trent Franks
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ray Dupree
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
- Natural Material Innovation Centre, University of Cambridge, 1 Scroope Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK.
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34
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Zhong R, Cui D, Ye ZH. Evolutionary origin of O-acetyltransferases responsible for glucomannan acetylation in land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:466-479. [PMID: 31183872 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mannans are an abundant cell wall polysaccharide in bryophytes, seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms. A previous study has shown that mannan acetylation in Arabidopsis and konjac is mediated by mannan O-acetyltransferases belonging to the Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) 231 family. However, little is known about the acetylation patterns of mannans in bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, and the evolutionary origin of mannan O-acetyltransferases in land plants has not yet been studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the DUF231 family revealed that DUF231 members were present in the charophycean green algae and evolved to form overlapped and divergent phylogenetic groups in different taxa of land plants. Acetyltransferase activity assays of recombinant proteins demonstrated that a number of group II DUF231 members from moss, Selaginella, pine, spruce, rice and poplar were mannan 2-O- and 3-O-acetyltransferases, whereas the two group I DUF231 members from the alga Klebsormidium nitens were not. Structural analysis of mannans from moss and Selaginella showed they were composed of mannosyl and glucosyl residues and the mannosyl residues were acetylated at O-2 and O-3. These findings indicate that although the DUF231 genes originated in algae, their recruitment as mannan O-acetyltransferases probably occurred in bryophytes, and the biochemical functions of these O-acetyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved throughout land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dongtao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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35
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Al-Rudainy B, Galbe M, Lipnizki F, Wallberg O. Galactoglucomannan Recovery with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Membranes: Process Performance and Cost Estimations. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9080099. [PMID: 31405130 PMCID: PMC6723451 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the GR51PP (hydrophobic/polysulfone) membrane with a series of hydrophilic (regenerated cellulose) membranes with the aim of increasing the retention of products and decreasing membrane fouling. The raw material used was a sodium-based spent sulfite liquor from the sulfite pulping process of spruce and pine. The results show that the hydrophilic membranes were superior to the hydrophobic membranes in terms of higher fluxes (up to twice the magnitude), higher product retentions and less fouling (up to five times lower fouling). The fouling was probably caused by pore blocking as observed in earlier studies. However, the hydrophilic membranes had a lower affinity for lignin, which was indicated by the lower retention and fouling. This also resulted in a separation degree, which was higher compared with the hydrophobic membrane, thus yielding a higher galactoglucomannan (GGM) purity. 2D HSQC NMR results show that no major structural differences were present in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic retentates. A techno-economical evaluation resulted in the RC70PP being chosen as the most cost-efficient membrane in terms of flux and product recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Al-Rudainy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Galbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Lipnizki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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36
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Tao S, Lei Z, Huang K, Li Y, Ren Z, Zhang X, Wei G, Chen H. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of two novel polysaccharides derived from the stem of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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37
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Xu W, Zhang X, Yang P, Långvik O, Wang X, Zhang Y, Cheng F, Österberg M, Willför S, Xu C. Surface Engineered Biomimetic Inks Based on UV Cross-Linkable Wood Biopolymers for 3D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12389-12400. [PMID: 30844234 PMCID: PMC6727376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their superior mechanical strength and structure similarity to the extracellular matrix, nanocelluloses as a class of emerging biomaterials have attracted great attention in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to fabricate various tissue mimics. Yet, when printing complex geometries, the desired ink performance in terms of shape fidelity and object resolution demands a wide catalogue of tunability on the material property. This paper describes surface engineered biomimetic inks based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cross-linkable hemicellulose derivatives for UV-aided extrusion printing, being inspired by the biomimetic aspect of intrinsic affinity of heteropolysaccharides to cellulose in providing the ultrastrong but flexible plant cell wall structure. A facile aqueous-based approach was established for the synthesis of a series of UV cross-linkable galactoglucomannan methacrylates (GGMMAs) with tunable substitution degrees. The rapid gelation window of the formulated inks facilitates the utilization of these wood-based biopolymers as the feeding ink for extrusion-based 3D printing. Most importantly, a wide and tunable spectrum ranging from 2.5 to 22.5 kPa of different hydrogels with different mechanical properties could be achieved by varying the substitution degree in GGMMA and the compositional ratio between GGMMA and CNFs. Used as the seeding matrices in the cultures of human dermal fibroblasts and pancreatic tumor cells, the scaffolds printed with the CNF/GGMMA inks showed great cytocompatibility as well as supported the matrix adhesion and proliferative behaviors of the studied cell lines. As a new family of 3D printing feedstock materials, the CNF/GGMMA ink will broaden the map of bioinks, which potentially meets the requirements for a variety of in vitro cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction studies in the context of tissue engineering, cancer cell research, and high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Peiru Yang
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Långvik
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry
Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fang Cheng
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Wood
and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Kemira Oyj, FI-02270 Espoo, Finland
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38
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Shi XD, Yin JY, Zhang LJ, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Studies on O-acetyl-glucomannans from Amorphophallus species: Comparison of physicochemical properties and primary structures. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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39
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Shi XD, Yin JY, Zhang LJ, Li OY, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Studies on polysaccharides from leaf skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part II. Structural characteristics and molecular properties of two lower molecular weight fractions. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Shi XD, Yin JY, Huang XJ, Que ZQ, Nie SP. Structural and conformational characterization of linear O-acetyl-glucomannan purified from gel of Aloe barbadensis Miller. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2373-2380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Terrett OM, Dupree P. Covalent interactions between lignin and hemicelluloses in plant secondary cell walls. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 56:97-104. [PMID: 30423528 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant secondary cell wall is a complex structure composed of polysaccharides and lignin, and is a key evolutionary innovation of vascular land plants. Although cell wall composition is well understood, the cross-linking of the different polymers is only now yielding to investigation. Cross-linking between hemicelluloses and lignin occurs via two different mechanisms: incorporation into lignin by radical coupling of ferulate substitutions on xylan in commelinid monocots, and incorporation of hemicellulosic glycosyl residues by re-aromatisation of lignification intermediates. Recent genetic evidence indicates that hemicellulose:lignin cross-linking has a substantial impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance. Engineering plant biomass with modified frequencies of cross-links will have significant impacts on biomass utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
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42
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Structure of acid-extractable polysaccharides of tree greenery of Picea abies. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:320-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Structural studies of water-extractable pectic polysaccharides and arabinogalactan proteins from Picea abies greenery. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:207-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Ding F, Ishiwata A, Ito Y. Stereodivergent Mannosylation Using 2- O-( ortho-Tosylamido)benzyl Group. Org Lett 2018; 20:4833-4837. [PMID: 30052458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel strategy for obtaining both anomers from a single mannosyl donor equipped with a C2- o-TsNHbenzyl ether (2- O-TAB) by switching reaction conditions. In particular, the formation of various β-mannosides was achieved with high selectivity by using a mannosyl phosphite in the presence of ZnI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqing Ding
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishiwata
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Saina Kishani
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood
Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Wallenberg
Wood
Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Lars Wågberg
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood
Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Arnling Bååth J, Martínez-Abad A, Berglund J, Larsbrink J, Vilaplana F, Olsson L. Mannanase hydrolysis of spruce galactoglucomannan focusing on the influence of acetylation on enzymatic mannan degradation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:114. [PMID: 29713374 PMCID: PMC5907293 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galactoglucomannan (GGM) is the most abundant hemicellulose in softwood, and consists of a backbone of mannose and glucose units, decorated with galactose and acetyl moieties. GGM can be hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars, or used as a polymer in films, gels, and food additives. Endo-β-mannanases, which can be found in the glycoside hydrolase families 5 and 26, specifically cleave the mannan backbone of GGM into shorter oligosaccharides. Information on the activity and specificity of different mannanases on complex and acetylated substrates is still lacking. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the modes of action of two mannanases from Cellvibrio japonicus (CjMan5A and CjMan26A) on a variety of mannan substrates, naturally and chemically acetylated to varying degrees, including naturally acetylated spruce GGM. Both enzymes were evaluated in terms of cleavage patterns and their ability to accommodate acetyl substitutions. RESULTS CjMan5A and CjMan26A demonstrated different substrate preferences on mannan substrates with distinct backbone and decoration structures. CjMan5A action resulted in higher amounts of mannotriose and mannotetraose than that of CjMan26A, which mainly generated mannose and mannobiose as end products. Mass spectrometric analysis of products from the enzymatic hydrolysis of spruce GGM revealed that an acetylated hexotriose was the shortest acetylated oligosaccharide produced by CjMan5A, whereas CjMan26A generated acetylated hexobiose as well as diacetylated oligosaccharides. A low degree of native acetylation did not significantly inhibit the enzymatic action. However, a high degree of chemical acetylation resulted in decreased hydrolyzability of mannan substrates, where reduced substrate solubility seemed to reduce enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the two mannanases from C. japonicus have different cleavage patterns on linear and decorated mannan polysaccharides, including the abundant and industrially important resource spruce GGM. CjMan26A released higher amounts of fermentable sugars suitable for biofuel production, while CjMan5A, producing higher amounts of oligosaccharides, could be a good candidate for the production of oligomeric platform chemicals and food additives. Furthermore, chemical acetylation of mannan polymers was found to be a potential strategy for limiting the biodegradation of mannan-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Arnling Bååth
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Present Address: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jennie Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shi XD, Nie SP, Yin JY, Que ZQ, Zhang LJ, Huang XJ. Polysaccharide from leaf skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part I. Extraction, fractionation, physicochemical properties and structural characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Structural characteristics of water-soluble polysaccharides from Norway spruce (Picea abies). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:699-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:887-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Mai-Gisondi G, Maaheimo H, Chong SL, Hinz S, Tenkanen M, Master E. Functional comparison of versatile carbohydrate esterases from families CE1, CE6 and CE16 on acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan and acetyl-galactoglucomannan. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2398-2405. [PMID: 28591625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The backbone structure of many hemicelluloses is acetylated, which presents a challenge when the objective is to convert corresponding polysaccharides to fermentable sugars or else recover hemicelluloses for biomaterial applications. Carbohydrate esterases (CE) can be harnessed to overcome these challenges. METHODS Enzymes from different CE families, AnAcXE (CE1), OsAcXE (CE6), and MtAcE (CE16) were compared based on action and position preference towards acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (MGX) and acetyl-galactoglucomannan (GGM). To determine corresponding positional preferences, the relative rate of acetyl group released by each enzyme was analyzed by real time 1H NMR. RESULTS AnAcXE (CE1) showed lowest specific activity towards MGX, where OsAcXE (CE6) and MtAcE were approximately four times more active than AnAcXE (CE1). MtAcE (CE16) was further distinguished by demonstrating 100 times higher activity on GGM compared to AnAcXE (CE1) and OsAcXE (CE6), and five times higher activity on GGM than MGX. Following 24h incubation, all enzymes removed between 78 and 93% of total acetyl content from MGX and GGM, where MtAcE performed best on both substrates. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Considering action on MGX, all esterases showed preference for doubly substituted xylopyranosyl residues (2,3-O-acetyl-Xylp). Considering action on GGM, OsAcXE (CE6) preferentially targeted 2-O-acetyl-mannopyranosyl residues (2-O-acetyl-Manp) whereas AnAcXE (CE1) demonstrated highest activity towards 3-O-acetyl-Manp positions; regiopreference of MtAcE (CE16) on GGM was less clear. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The current comparative analysis identifies options to control the position of acetyl group release at initial stages of reaction, and enzyme combinations likely to accelerate deacetylation of major hemicellulose sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Mai-Gisondi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannu Maaheimo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sun-Li Chong
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Hinz
- DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Nieuwe Kanaal 7-S, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Master
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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