1
|
Erdagi SI, Yildiz U. Synthesis, Structural Analysis and Antiproliferative Activity of Nitrogen‐Containing Hetero Spirostan Derivatives: Oximes, Heterocyclic Ring‐Fused and Furostanes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Ilkar Erdagi
- Department of Chemistry Kocaeli University Umuttepe campus 41380 Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ufuk Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry Kocaeli University Umuttepe campus 41380 Kocaeli Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai Z, Liu H, Wang B, Yang D, Zhu YY, Yan H, Zhu PF, Liu YP, Chen HC, Zhao YL, Zhao LX, Zhao XD, Liu HY, Luo XD. Structures/cytotoxicity/selectivity relationship of natural steroidal saponins against GSCs and primary mechanism of tribulosaponin A. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113068. [PMID: 33310292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the highly aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), small population of cancer cells that exist in GBM tissues, resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and usually driving GBM recurrence, have been developed as effective therapeutic target. Steroidal saponins are one of important resources for anti-tumor agent and may be benefited to selectively clear GSCs. In this report, total of 97 natural steroidal saponins were investigated the relationship among structures/cytotoxicity/selectivity against GSCs, glioma cell lines and human untransformed cells, and revealed that tribulosaponin A was the most potent compound. Further investigation suggested that tribulosaponin A up-regulated the expression of NCF1 and NOX1 to accumulate ROS for triggering apoptosis in GSCs, but not in untransformed cells, and it was further supported by the assay that N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) clearing ROS delayed GSCs apoptosis. Besides, tribulosaponin A damaged GSCs recapturing tumor spheres formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ilkar Erdagi S, Uyanik C. Biological evaluation of bioavailable amphiphilic polymeric conjugate based-on natural products: diosgenin and curcumin. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1539989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cavit Uyanik
- Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Del Fueyo MC, Dansey MV, Paolo LS, Pecci A, Veleiro AS, Burton G. C(16)-C(22) oxygen-bridged analogues of ceDAF-12 and LXR ligands. Steroids 2016; 112:109-14. [PMID: 27235856 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The DAF-12 receptor in nematodes and the Liver X Receptor (LXR) in mammals are structurally related transcription factors that play key roles in determining the life span of the organism. Both types of receptors are activated by oxysterols, cholesterol metabolites with oxidized side chains. Restricting the movement of the oxysterol side chain to certain orientations may have profound effects in the activity profile, however this has not been explored so far. In a first attempt to obtain analogues of natural ligands of DAF-12 and LXR with restricted side chain mobility we introduced a 16,22-oxygen bridge in 26-hydroxycholesterol, a cholestenoic acid and a dafachronic acid (5-7). Diosgenin was used as starting material, the key step to obtain the 16,22 epoxy functionality was the one pot formation and reduction of a cyclic hemiketal via the oxocarbenium ion using sodium cyanoborohydride. All new compounds were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry and assayed as ceDAF-12 or LXR ligands in transactivation cell-based assays. The dafachronic acid analogue 7 behaved as a ceDAF-12 agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Celeste Del Fueyo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Virginia Dansey
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano S Paolo
- Departamento de Química Biológica and IFIBYNE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adalí Pecci
- Departamento de Química Biológica and IFIBYNE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana S Veleiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Burton
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Q, Guo T, Li D, Li W. Concise synthesis of two natural steroidal glycosides isolated from Allium schoenoprasum. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Liu Q, Yu Y, Wang P, Li Y. Synthesis of analogues of linckoside B, a new neuritogenic steroid glycoside. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
9
|
Gauthier C, Legault J, Lavoie S, Rondeau S, Tremblay S, Pichette A. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of bidesmosidic betulin and betulinic acid saponins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:72-81. [PMID: 19115839 DOI: 10.1021/np800579x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring cytotoxic saponin 28-O-beta-d-glucopyranosylbetulinic acid 3beta-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (3) was easily synthesized along with seven bidesmosidic saponins starting from the lupane-type triterpenoids betulin (1) and betulinic acid (2). As highlighted by the preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation against A549, DLD-1, MCF7, and PC-3 human cancer cell lines, the bidesmosidic betulin saponin 22a, bearing alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside moieties at both C-3 and C-28 positions, was determined to be a potent cytotoxic agent (IC(50) 1.8-1.9 microM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Gauthier
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Separation des Essences Vegetales (LASEVE), Departement des Sciences Fondamentales, Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada, G7H 2B1
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gauthier C, Legault J, Lavoie S, Rondeau S, Tremblay S, Pichette A. Synthesis of two natural betulinic acid saponins containing α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranose and their analogues. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Rivera DG, Concepción O, Pérez-Labrada K, Coll F. Synthesis of diamino-furostan sapogenins and their use as scaffolds for positioning peptides in a preorganized form. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Miyashita H, Ikeda T, Nohara T. Synthesis of neosaponins and neoglycolipids containing a chacotriosyl moiety. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2182-91. [PMID: 17655835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 06/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranose (chacotriose) is the oligosaccharide moiety of dioscin. Chacotriosyl trichloroacetimidate was synthesized from d-glucose and l-rhamnose, and glycosylated to mevalonate (diosgenin, cholesterol, and glycyrrhetic acid) to yield dioscin and neosaponins. In order to simplify the structure of the aglycone part, the mevalonate moiety was replaced with double-chain neoglycolipids that mimicked glycosyl ceramides. A cytotoxicity test revealed the importance of the glycosidic linkage of the naturally occurring beta-form and that dioscin and the neoglycolipid with the longest chain showed a moderate activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyashita
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li W, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Yu J, Zhang L, Zhu Z, Yu B. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and hemolytic activity of 6'-O-substituted dioscin derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2705-15. [PMID: 17945208 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin derivatives (1-12) with a variety of substitutions at the 6'-OH of the chacotriosyl residue and the 3',6'-anhydrosaponin derivatives (26, 30, and 32) were synthesized. All these derivatives showed much lower cytotoxicity than that of the parent dioscin, while their hemolytic activities were partially retained depending on the various 6'-O-substitutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu B. The Cytotoxicity of Saponins Correlates with Their Cellular Internalization. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:288-91. [PMID: 17200998 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Zhao DM, Lu XH, Wang H, Chen H, Ke Y, Leng L, Cheng MS. Synthesis of bisdesmosidic kryptogenyl saponins using the ‘random glycosylation’ strategy and evaluation of their antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:156-60. [PMID: 17035008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A bisdesmosidic steroidal saponins library, composed of 16 novel kryptogenin glycosides, was set up via six random glycosylation procedures, wherein two compounds showed their antitumor activity against HeLa cell in the preliminary pharmacological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Lab of New Drugs Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Li Y, Guo T, Guan H, Shi J, Yu Q, Yu B. Syntheses of chlorogenin 6α-O-acyl-3-O-β-chacotriosides and their antitumor activities. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1453-9. [PMID: 15882851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside (1) and its 6alpha-O-acyl derivatives (2-6) were concisely synthesized. Introduction of a hydroxyl or acyloxy group onto the C-6 of the steroidal aglycone of dioscin decreased significantly the cytotoxicity of the parent saponin (dioscin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|