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Zhang Y, Jen FEC, Edwards JL, Jennings MP. Analysis of Bacterial Phosphorylcholine-Related Genes Reveals an Association between Type-Specific Biosynthesis Pathways and Biomolecules Targeted for Phosphorylcholine Modification. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0158323. [PMID: 37436144 PMCID: PMC10434233 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01583-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial surface proteins and carbohydrates are modified with phosphorylcholine (ChoP), which contributes to host mimicry and can also promote colonization and survival in the host. However, the ChoP biosynthetic pathways that are used in bacterial species that express ChoP have not been systematically studied. For example, the well-studied Lic-1 pathway is absent in some ChoP-expressing bacteria, such as Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This raises a question as to the origin of the ChoP used for macromolecule biosynthesis in these species. In the current study, we used in silico analyses to identify the potential pathways involved in ChoP biosynthesis in genomes of the 26 bacterial species reported to express a ChoP-modified biomolecule. We used the four known ChoP biosynthetic pathways and a ChoP transferase as search terms to probe for their presence in these genomes. We found that the Lic-1 pathway is primarily associated with organisms producing ChoP-modified carbohydrates, such as lipooligosaccharide. Pilin phosphorylcholine transferase A (PptA) homologs were detected in all bacteria that express ChoP-modified proteins. Additionally, ChoP biosynthesis pathways, such as phospholipid N-methyltransferase (PmtA), phosphatidylcholine synthase (Pcs), or the acylation-dependent phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis pathway, which generate phosphatidylcholine, were also identified in species that produce ChoP-modified proteins. Thus, a major finding of this study is the association of a particular ChoP biosynthetic pathway with a cognate, target ChoP-modified surface factor; i.e., protein versus carbohydrate. This survey failed to identify a known biosynthetic pathway for some species that express ChoP, indicating that a novel ChoP biosynthetic pathway(s) may remain to be identified. IMPORTANCE The modification of bacterial surface virulence factors with phosphorylcholine (ChoP) plays an important role in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. However, the ChoP biosynthetic pathways in bacteria have not been fully understood. In this study, we used in silico analysis to identify potential ChoP biosynthetic pathways in bacteria that express ChoP-modified biomolecules and found the association between a specific ChoP biosynthesis pathway and the cognate target ChoP-modified surface factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Freda E.-C. Jen
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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2
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Zhang Y, Jen FEC, Fox KL, Edwards JL, Jennings MP. The biosynthesis and role of phosphorylcholine in pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:692-706. [PMID: 36863982 PMCID: PMC10272106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) can be found in all life forms. Although this molecule was first thought to be uncommon in bacteria, it is now appreciated that many bacteria express ChoP on their surface. ChoP is usually attached to a glycan structure, but in some cases, it is added as a post-translational modification to proteins. Recent findings have demonstrated the role of ChoP modification and phase variation (ON/OFF switching) in bacterial pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms of ChoP synthesis are still unclear in some bacteria. Here, we review the literature and examine the recent developments in ChoP-modified proteins and glycolipids and of ChoP biosynthetic pathways. We discuss how the well-studied Lic1 pathway exclusively mediates ChoP attachment to glycans but not to proteins. Finally, we provide a review of the role of ChoP in bacterial pathobiology and the role of ChoP in modulating the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Freda E-C Jen
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Kate L Fox
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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3
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Patiño P, Gallego C, Martínez N, Rey A, Iregui C. Intranasal instillation of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide in rabbits causes interstitial lung damage. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:115-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Tawab A, Akbar N, Hasssan M, Habib F, Ali A, Rahman M, Jabbar A, Rauf W, Iqbal M. Mass spectrometric analysis of lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharide ofPasteurella multocida. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30917-30933. [PMID: 35516050 PMCID: PMC9056370 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LC/MS-based variant profiling of lipid A component of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides ofPasteurella multocidatype B:2, a causative agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia in water buffalo and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Tawab
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology NIBGE
| | - Noor Akbar
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Hasssan
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Fazale Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Waqar Rauf
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology NIBGE
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5
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Harper M, Wright A, St Michael F, Li J, Deveson Lucas D, Ford M, Adler B, Cox AD, Boyce JD. Characterization of Two Novel Lipopolysaccharide Phosphoethanolamine Transferases in Pasteurella multocida and Their Role in Resistance to Cathelicidin-2. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00557-17. [PMID: 28874446 PMCID: PMC5649011 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00557-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pasteurella multocida has phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) residues attached to lipid A, 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo), heptose, and galactose. In this report, we show that PEtn is transferred to lipid A by the P. multocida EptA homologue, PetL, and is transferred to galactose by a novel PEtn transferase that is unique to P. multocida called PetG. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that petL expression was positively regulated by the global regulator Fis and negatively regulated by an Hfq-dependent small RNA. Importantly, we have identified a novel PEtn transferase called PetK that is responsible for PEtn addition to the single Kdo molecule (Kdo1), directly linked to lipid A in the P. multocida glycoform A LPS. In vitro assays showed that the presence of a functional petL and petK, and therefore the presence of PEtn on lipid A and Kdo1, was essential for resistance to the cationic, antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-2. The importance of PEtn on Kdo1 and the identification of the transferase responsible for this addition have not previously been shown. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PetK is the first representative of a new family of predicted PEtn transferases. The PetK family consists of uncharacterized proteins from a range of Gram-negative bacteria that produce LPS glycoforms with only one Kdo molecule, including pathogenic species within the genera Vibrio, Bordetella, and Haemophilus We predict that many of these bacteria will require the addition of PEtn to Kdo for maximum protection against host antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Wright
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank St Michael
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jianjun Li
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna Deveson Lucas
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Ford
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Adler
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cox
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John D Boyce
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
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6
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Harper M, Boyce JD. The Myriad Properties of Pasteurella multocida Lipopolysaccharide. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9080254. [PMID: 28825691 PMCID: PMC5577588 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9080254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species that is a primary pathogen of many different vertebrates. This Gram-negative bacterium can cause a range of diseases, including fowl cholera in birds, haemorrhagic septicaemia in ungulates, atrophic rhinitis in swine, and lower respiratory tract infections in cattle and pigs. One of the primary virulence factors of P. multocida is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recent work has shown that this crucial surface molecule shows significant structural variability across different P. multocida strains, with many producing LPS structures that are highly similar to the carbohydrate component of host glycoproteins. It is likely that this LPS mimicry of host molecules plays a major role in the survival of P. multocida in certain host niches. P. multocida LPS also plays a significant role in resisting the action of chicken cathelicidins, and is a strong stimulator of host immune responses. The inflammatory response to the endotoxic lipid A component is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of certain infections. Recent work has shown that vaccines containing killed bacteria give protection only against other strains with identical, or nearly identical, surface LPS structures. Conversely, live attenuated vaccines give protection that is broadly protective, and their efficacy is independent of LPS structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - John Dallas Boyce
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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7
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Vinogradov E, St Michael F, Cox AD. The structure of the LPS O-chain of Fusobacterium nucleatum strain 25586 containing two novel monosaccharides, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-l-altrose and a 5-acetimidoylamino-3,5,9-trideoxy-gluco-non-2-ulosonic acid. Carbohydr Res 2017; 440-441:10-15. [PMID: 28135570 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic bacterium found in the human mouth where it causes periodontitis. Recently, it has been gaining attention as a potential causative agent for colorectal cancer and is strongly linked with pregnancy complications including pre-term and still births. Little is known about the virulence factors of this organism, and thus we have initiated studies to examine the bacterium's surface glycochemistry. We isolated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from F. nucleatum strain 25586 and purified and performed structural analysis on the O-antigen polysaccharide. The polysaccharide contained two novel sugars, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-l-altrose (l-6dAltNAc) and a 5-acetimidoylamino-3,5,9-trideoxy-gluco-non-2-ulosonic acid (Non5Am), which was tentatively assigned the l-glycero-l-gluco configuration. The polysaccharide was found to have a trisaccharide repeating unit, which is phosphorylated with phosphocholine (PCho), and the following structure was established: -[-4-β-Nonp5Am-4-α-l-6dAltpNAc3PCho-3-β-d-QuipNAc-]- We propose the trivial name 'fusaminic acid' for the novel nonulosonic acid. It is the first occurrence of a 9-deoxynonulosonic acid with a hydroxyl group at C-7, which is occupied by an amino group in all monosaccharides of this class described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Vinogradov
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Frank St Michael
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andrew D Cox
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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8
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Harper M, John M, Edmunds M, Wright A, Ford M, Turni C, Blackall PJ, Cox A, Adler B, Boyce JD. Protective efficacy afforded by live Pasteurella multocida vaccines in chickens is independent of lipopolysaccharide outer core structure. Vaccine 2016; 34:1696-703. [PMID: 26892738 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a major animal pathogen that causes a range of diseases including fowl cholera. P. multocida infections result in considerable losses to layer and breeder flocks in poultry industries worldwide. Both killed whole-cell and live-attenuated vaccines are available; these vaccines vary in their protective efficacy, particularly against heterologous strains. Moreover, until recently there was no knowledge of P. multocida LPS genetics and structure to determine precisely how LPS structure affects the protective capacity of these vaccines. In this study we show that defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants presented as killed whole-cell vaccines elicited solid protective immunity only against P. multocida challenge strains expressing highly similar or identical LPS structures. This finding indicates that vaccination of commercial flocks with P. multocida killed cell formulations will not protect against strains producing an LPS structure different to that produced by strains included in the vaccine formulation. Conversely, protective immunity conferred by vaccination with live P. multocida strains was found to be largely independent of LPS structure. Birds vaccinated with a range of live mutants belonging to the L1 and L3 LPS genotypes, each expressing a specific truncated LPS structure, were protected against challenge with the parent strain. Moreover, birds vaccinated with any of the five LPS mutants belonging to the L1 LPS genotype were also protected against challenge with an unrelated strain and two of the five groups vaccinated with live LPS mutants belonging to the L3 genotype were protected against challenge with an unrelated strain. In summary, vaccination with live P. multocida aroA mutants producing full-length L1 or L3 LPS or vaccination with live strains producing shortened L1 LPS elicited strong protective immunity against both homologous and heterologous challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marietta John
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Edmunds
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia; Poultry CRC, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Wright
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Ford
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - P J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Cox
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Ben Adler
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Boyce
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia
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Development of a rapid multiplex PCR assay to genotype Pasteurella multocida strains by use of the lipopolysaccharide outer core biosynthesis locus. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 53:477-85. [PMID: 25428149 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02824-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that is the causative agent of a wide range of diseases in many animal species, including humans. A widely used method for differentiation of P. multocida strains involves the Heddleston serotyping scheme. This scheme was developed in the early 1970s and classifies P. multocida strains into 16 somatic or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serovars using an agar gel diffusion precipitin test. However, this gel diffusion assay is problematic, with difficulties reported in accuracy, reproducibility, and the sourcing of quality serovar-specific antisera. Using our knowledge of the genetics of LPS biosynthesis in P. multocida, we have developed a multiplex PCR (mPCR) that is able to differentiate strains based on the genetic organization of the LPS outer core biosynthesis loci. The accuracy of the LPS-mPCR was compared with classical Heddleston serotyping using LPS compositional data as the "gold standard." The LPS-mPCR correctly typed 57 of 58 isolates; Heddleston serotyping was able to correctly and unambiguously type only 20 of the 58 isolates. We conclude that our LPS-mPCR is a highly accurate LPS genotyping method that should replace the Heddleston serotyping scheme for the classification of P. multocida strains.
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Harper M, St Michael F, Steen JA, John M, Wright A, van Dorsten L, Vinogradov E, Adler B, Cox AD, Boyce JD. Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide produced by Pasteurella multocida serovars 6, 7 and 16: Identification of lipopolysaccharide genotypes L4 and L8. Glycobiology 2014; 25:294-302. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Harper M, St Michael F, John M, Steen J, van Dorsten L, Parnas H, Vinogradov E, Adler B, Cox AD, Boyce JD. Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharide produced by Heddleston serovars 10, 11, 12 and 15 and the identification of a new Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide outer core biosynthesis locus, L6. Glycobiology 2014; 24:649-59. [PMID: 24740556 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen classified into 16 serovars based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. Previously, we have characterized the LPS outer core biosynthesis loci L1, L2, L3, L5 and L7, and have elucidated the full range of LPS structures associated with each. In this study, we have determined the LPS structures produced by the type strains representing the serovars 10, 11, 12 and 15 and characterized a new LPS outer core biosynthesis locus, L6, common to all. The L6 outer core biosynthesis locus shares significant synteny with the L3 locus but due to nucleotide divergence, gene duplication and gene redundancy, the L6 and L3 LPS outer cores are structurally distinct. Using LPS structural and genetic differences identified in each L6 strain, we have predicted a role for most of the L6 glycosyltransferases in LPS assembly. Importantly, we have identified two glycosyltransferases, GctD and GatB, that differ by one amino acid, A162T, but use different donor sugars [uridine diphosphate (UDP)-Glc and UDP-Gal, respectively]. The longest outer core oligosaccharide, produced by the serovar 12 type strain, contained a terminal region consisting of β-Gal-(1,4)-β-GlcNAc-(1,3)-β-Gal-(1,4)-β-Glc that was identical in structure to the vertebrate glycosphingolipid, paragloboside. Mimicry of host glycosphingolipids has been observed previously in P. multocida strains belonging to L3 LPS genotype, which produce LPS similar in structure to the globo-series of glycosphingolipids. The expression of a paragloboside-like oligosaccharide on the LPS produced by the serovar 12 type strain indicates that strains belonging to the L6 LPS genotype may also engage in molecular mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Frank St Michael
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Marietta John
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jason Steen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lieke van Dorsten
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Henrietta Parnas
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Ben Adler
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cox
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - John D Boyce
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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12
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Young NM, Foote SJ, Wakarchuk WW. Review of phosphocholine substituents on bacterial pathogen glycans: Synthesis, structures and interactions with host proteins. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:563-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Harper M, St. Michael F, John M, Vinogradov E, Steen JA, van Dorsten L, Steen JA, Turni C, Blackall PJ, Adler B, Cox AD, Boyce JD. Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serovar 3 and 4 strains share a common lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus but display both inter- and intrastrain lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:4854-64. [PMID: 23974032 PMCID: PMC3807493 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00779-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative multispecies pathogen and the causative agent of fowl cholera, a serious disease of poultry which can present in both acute and chronic forms. The major outer membrane component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is both an important virulence factor and a major immunogen. Our previous studies determined the LPS structures expressed by different P. multocida strains and revealed that a number of strains belonging to different serovars contain the same LPS biosynthesis locus but express different LPS structures due to mutations within glycosyltransferase genes. In this study, we report the full LPS structure of the serovar 4 type strain, P1662, and reveal that it shares the same LPS outer core biosynthesis locus, L3, with the serovar 3 strains P1059 and Pm70. Using directed mutagenesis, the role of each glycosyltransferase gene in LPS outer core assembly was determined. LPS structural analysis of 23 Australian field isolates that contain the L3 locus revealed that at least six different LPS outer core structures can be produced as a result of mutations within the LPS glycosyltransferase genes. Moreover, some field isolates produce multiple but related LPS glycoforms simultaneously, and three LPS outer core structures are remarkably similar to the globo series of vertebrate glycosphingolipids. Our in-depth analysis showing the genetics and full range of P. multocida lipopolysaccharide structures will facilitate the improvement of typing systems and the prediction of the protective efficacy of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frank St. Michael
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marietta John
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Steen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lieke van Dorsten
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A. Steen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ben Adler
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Cox
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D. Boyce
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
In a world where most emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature and our contacts with both domestic and wild animals abound, there is growing awareness of the potential for human acquisition of animal diseases. Like other Pasteurellaceae, Pasteurella species are highly prevalent among animal populations, where they are often found as part of the normal microbiota of the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts. Many Pasteurella species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause endemic disease and are associated increasingly with epizootic outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission to humans usually occurs through animal bites or contact with nasal secretions, with P. multocida being the most prevalent isolate observed in human infections. Here we review recent comparative genomics and molecular pathogenesis studies that have advanced our understanding of the multiple virulence mechanisms employed by Pasteurella species to establish acute and chronic infections. We also summarize efforts being explored to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately identify and distinguish among clinical isolates and to control pasteurellosis by improved development of new vaccines and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Host-Microbe Systems Theme of the Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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Russo TA, Beanan JM, Olson R, MacDonald U, Cox AD, St Michael F, Vinogradov EV, Spellberg B, Luke-Marshall NR, Campagnari AA. The K1 capsular polysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii is a potential therapeutic target via passive immunization. Infect Immun 2013; 81:915-22. [PMID: 23297385 PMCID: PMC3584894 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01184-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of extremely resistant and panresistant Gram-negative bacilli, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, requires consideration of nonantimicrobial therapeutic approaches. The goal of this report was to evaluate the K1 capsular polysaccharide from A. baumannii as a passive immunization target. Its structure was determined by a combination of mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Molecular mimics that might raise the concern for autoimmune disease were not identified. Immunization of CD1 mice demonstrated that the K1 capsule is immunogenic. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 13D6, which is directed against the K1 capsule from A. baumannii, was used to determine the seroprevalence of the K1 capsule in a collection of 100 A. baumannii strains. Thirteen percent of the A. baumannii isolates from this collection were seroreactive to MAb 13D6. Opsonization of K1-positive strains, but not K1-negative strains, with MAb 13D6 significantly increased neutrophil-mediated bactericidal activity in vitro (P < 0.05). Lastly, treatment with MAb 13D6 3 and 24 h after bacterial challenge in a rat soft tissue infection model resulted in a significant decrease in the growth/survival of a K1-positive strain compared to that of a K1-negative strain or to treatment with a vehicle control (P < 0.0001). These data support the proof of principle that the K1 capsule is a potential therapeutic target via passive immunization. Other serotypes require assessment, and pragmatic challenges exist, such as the need to serotype infecting strains and utilize serotype-specific therapy. Nonetheless, this approach may become an important therapeutic option with increasing antimicrobial resistance and a diminishing number of active antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Russo
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Experimental identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains L20 and JL03 heptosyltransferases, evidence for a new heptosyltransferase signature sequence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55546. [PMID: 23383222 PMCID: PMC3559599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally identified the activities of six predicted heptosyltransferases in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genome serotype 5b strain L20 and serotype 3 strain JL03. The initial identification was based on a bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid similarity between these putative heptosyltrasferases with others of known function from enteric bacteria and Aeromonas. The putative functions of all the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae heptosyltrasferases were determined by using surrogate LPS acceptor molecules from well-defined A. hydrophyla AH-3 and A. salmonicida A450 mutants. Our results show that heptosyltransferases APL_0981 and APJL_1001 are responsible for the transfer of the terminal outer core D-glycero-D-manno-heptose (D,D-Hep) residue although they are not currently included in the CAZY glycosyltransferase 9 family. The WahF heptosyltransferase group signature sequence [S(T/S)(GA)XXH] differs from the heptosyltransferases consensus signature sequence [D(TS)(GA)XXH], because of the substitution of D(261) for S(261), being unique.
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17
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Microbial modulation of host immunity with the small molecule phosphorylcholine. Infect Immun 2012; 81:392-401. [PMID: 23230294 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01168-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
All microorganisms dependent on persistence in a host for survival rely on either hiding from or modulating host responses to infection. The small molecule phosphorylcholine, or choline phosphate (ChoP), is used for both of these purposes by a wide array of bacterial and parasitic microbes. While the mechanisms underlying ChoP acquisition and expression are diverse, a unifying theme is the use of ChoP to reduce the immune response to infection, creating an advantage for ChoP-expressing microorganisms. In this minireview, we discuss several benefits of ChoP expression during infection as well as how the immune system fights back against ChoP-expressing pathogens.
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Harper M, St Michael F, Vinogradov E, John M, Steen JA, van Dorsten L, Boyce JD, Adler B, Cox AD. Structure and biosynthetic locus of the lipopolysaccharide outer core produced by Pasteurella multocida serovars 8 and 13 and the identification of a novel phospho-glycero moiety. Glycobiology 2012; 23:286-94. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Johswich KO, Zhou J, Law DKS, St. Michael F, McCaw SE, Jamieson FB, Cox AD, Tsang RSW, Gray-Owen SD. Invasive potential of nonencapsulated disease isolates of Neisseria meningitidis. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2346-53. [PMID: 22508859 PMCID: PMC3416473 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00293-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capsule of Neisseria meningitidis is the major virulence factor that enables this bacterium to overcome host immunity elicited by complement and phagocytes, rendering it capable of surviving in blood. As such, nonencapsulated N. meningitidis isolates are generally considered nonpathogenic. Here, we consider the inherent virulence of two nonencapsulated N. meningitidis isolates obtained from our national surveillance of infected blood cultures in Canada. Capsule deficiency of both strains was confirmed by serology and PCR for the ctrA to ctrD genes and siaA to siaC genes, as well as siaD genes specific to serogroups B, C, Y, and W135. In both strains, the capsule synthesis genes were replaced by the capsule null locus, cnl-2. In accordance with a lack of capsule, both strains were fully susceptible to killing by both human and baby rabbit complement. However, in the presence of cytidine-5' monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA), allowing for lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation, a significant increase of resistance to complement killing was observed. Mass spectrometry of purified LOS did not reveal any uncommon modifications that would explain their invasive phenotype. Finally, in a mouse intraperitoneal challenge model, these nonencapsulated isolates displayed enhanced virulence relative to an isogenic mutant of serogroup B strain MC58 lacking capsule (MC58ΔsiaD). Virulence of all nonencapsulated isolates tested was below that of encapsulated serogroup B strains MC58 and B16B6. However, whereas no mortality was observed with MC58ΔsiaD, 5/10 mice succumbed to infection with strain 2275 and 2/11 mice succumbed to strain 2274. Our results suggest the acquisition of a new virulence phenotype by these nonencapsulated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay O. Johswich
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dennis K. S. Law
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Frank St. Michael
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon E. McCaw
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew D. Cox
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond S. W. Tsang
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Scott D. Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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E-komon T, Burchmore R, Herzyk P, Davies R. Predicting the outer membrane proteome of Pasteurella multocida based on consensus prediction enhanced by results integration and manual confirmation. BMC Bioinformatics 2012; 13:63. [PMID: 22540951 PMCID: PMC3403877 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Pasteurella multocida have various functions related to virulence and pathogenesis and represent important targets for vaccine development. Various bioinformatic algorithms can predict outer membrane localization and discriminate OMPs by structure or function. The designation of a confident prediction framework by integrating different predictors followed by consensus prediction, results integration and manual confirmation will improve the prediction of the outer membrane proteome. Results In the present study, we used 10 different predictors classified into three groups (subcellular localization, transmembrane β-barrel protein and lipoprotein predictors) to identify putative OMPs from two available P. multocida genomes: those of avian strain Pm70 and porcine non-toxigenic strain 3480. Predicted proteins in each group were filtered by optimized criteria for consensus prediction: at least two positive predictions for the subcellular localization predictors, three for the transmembrane β-barrel protein predictors and one for the lipoprotein predictors. The consensus predicted proteins were integrated from each group into a single list of proteins. We further incorporated a manual confirmation step including a public database search against PubMed and sequence analyses, e.g. sequence and structural homology, conserved motifs/domains, functional prediction, and protein-protein interactions to enhance the confidence of prediction. As a result, we were able to confidently predict 98 putative OMPs from the avian strain genome and 107 OMPs from the porcine strain genome with 83% overlap between the two genomes. Conclusions The bioinformatic framework developed in this study has increased the number of putative OMPs identified in P. multocida and allowed these OMPs to be identified with a higher degree of confidence. Our approach can be applied to investigate the outer membrane proteomes of other Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak E-komon
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Harper M, Boyce JD, Adler B. The key surface components of Pasteurella multocida: capsule and lipopolysaccharide. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361:39-51. [PMID: 22373812 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The capsule and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pasteurella multocida constitute the major components of the bacterial cell surface. As well as forming the basis for the most widely used classification systems, they play key roles in a range of interactions between the bacteria and the hosts they colonize or infect. Both polysaccharides are involved in the avoidance of host innate immune mechanisms, such as resistance to phagocytosis, complement-mediated killing, and the bactericidal activity of antimicrobial peptides; they are therefore essential for virulence. In addition, LPS is a major antigen in the stimulation of adaptive immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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22
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Thon V, Li Y, Yu H, Lau K, Chen X. PmST3 from Pasteurella multocida encoded by Pm1174 gene is a monofunctional α2-3-sialyltransferase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:977-85. [PMID: 22075637 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (Pm) strain Pm70 has three putative sialyltransferase genes including Pm0188, Pm0508, and Pm1174. A Pm0188 gene homolog in Pm strain P-1059 encodes a multifunctional α2-3-sialyltransferase, PmST1, that prefers oligosaccharide acceptors. A Pm0508 gene homolog in the same strain encodes a monofunctional sialyltransferase PmST2 that prefers glycolipid acceptors. Here, we report that the third sialyltransferase from Pm (PmST3) encoded by gene Pm1174 in strain Pm70 is a monofunctional α2-3-sialyltransferase that can use both oligosaccharides and glycolipids as efficient acceptors. Despite the existence of both Pm0188 and Pm0508 gene homologs encoding PmST1 and PmST2, respectively, in Pm strain P-1059, a Pm1174 gene homolog appears to be absent from Pm strains P-1059 and P-934. PmST3 was successfully obtained by cloning and expression using a synthetic gene of Pm1174 with codons optimized for Escherichia coli expression system as the DNA template for polymer chain reactions. Truncation of 35 amino acid residues from the carboxyl terminus was shown to improve the expression of a soluble and active enzyme in E. coli as a C-His(6)-tagged fusion protein. This sialidase-free monofunctional α2-3-sialyltransferase is a useful tool for synthesizing sialylated oligosaccharides and glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vireak Thon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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23
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Harper M, Cox AD, Adler B, Boyce JD. Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide: The long and the short of it. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Harper M, St Michael F, Vinogradov E, John M, Boyce JD, Adler B, Cox AD. Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serovar 9: identification of a proposed bi-functional dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucose biosynthesis enzyme. Glycobiology 2011; 22:332-44. [PMID: 22002973 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida strains are classified into 16 different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serovars using the Heddleston serotyping scheme. Ongoing studies in our laboratories on the LPS aim to determine the core oligosaccharide (OS) structures expressed by each of the Heddleston type strains and identify the genes and transferases required for the biosynthesis of the serovar-specific OSs. In this study, we have determined the core OS of the LPS expressed by the Heddleston serovar 9 type strain, P2095. Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry revealing the following structure: . The serovar 9 OS contains an inner core that is conserved among P. multocida strains with an elaborate outer core extension containing rhamnose (Rha), a D-glycero-D-manno isomer of heptose, and the unusual deoxyamino sugar, 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucose (Qui3NAc). Genetic analyses of the LPS outer core biosynthesis locus revealed that in addition to the glycosyltransferases predicted to transfer the sugars to the nascent LPS molecule, the locus also contained the complete set of genes required for the biosynthesis of the nucleotide sugar donors dTDP-Rha and dTDP-Qui3NAc. One of the genes identified as part of the dTDP-Qui3NAc biosynthesis pathway, qdtD, encodes a proposed bi-functional enzyme with N-terminal amino acid identity to dTDP-4-oxo-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3,4-oxoisomerase and C-terminal amino acid identity to dTDP-3-oxo-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose transacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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25
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Tsai YC, Shien JH, Wu JR, Shieh HK, Chang PC. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide of Pasteurella multocida. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:543-6. [PMID: 21908287 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711404145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide, also known as the somatic antigen or O-antigen, is an important virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida. In the current study, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the outer core region of the lipopolysaccharide, which were obtained from somatic type reference strains and field strains of P. multocida, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The PCR-RFLP analysis classified 11 out of the 16 serotypes into 5 PCR-RFLP types (I-V). Types I and V contain strains belong to serotypes 1 and 13, respectively. The rest of the PCR-RFLP types contain strains belong to certain groups of serotypes. Typing of 38 field strains from poultry using PCR-RFLP analysis and the gel diffusion precipitation test showed consistent results. These results indicate that the PCR-RFLP analysis can be a useful tool for rapid somatic typing of some strains of P. multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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26
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St. Michael F, Vinogradov E, Cox AD. Structural analyses of the core oligosaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of bovine and ovine strains of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 2. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1333-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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St. Michael F, Cairns C, Filion AL, Neelamegan D, Lacelle S, Cox AD. Investigating the candidacy of lipopolysaccharide-based glycoconjugates as vaccines to combat Mannheimia haemolytica. Glycoconj J 2011; 28:397-410. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-011-9339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serovars 1 and 14 express different lipopolysaccharide structures but share the same lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis outer core locus. Vet Microbiol 2011; 150:289-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Thon V, Lau K, Yu H, Tran BK, Chen X. PmST2: a novel Pasteurella multocida glycolipid α2-3-sialyltransferase. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1206-16. [PMID: 21515586 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is a multi-species pathogen that causes diseases in animals and humans. Sialyltransferase activity has been detected in multiple Pm strains and sialylation has been shown to be important for the pathogenesis of Pm. Three putative sialyltransferase genes have been identified in Pm genomic strain Pm70. We have reported previously that a Pm0188 gene homolog in Pm strain P-1059 (ATCC 15742) encodes a multifunctional sialyltransferase (PmST1). We demonstrate here that while PmST1 prefers to use oligosaccharides as acceptors, PmST2 encoded by the Pm0508 gene homolog in the same Pm strain is a novel glycolipid α2-3-sialyltransferase that prefers to use lactosyl lipids as acceptor substrates. PmST2 and PmST1 thus complement each other for an efficient synthesis of α2-3-linked sialosides with or without lipid portion. In addition, β1-4-linked galactosyl lipids are better PmST2 substrates than β1-3-linked galactosyl lipids. PmST2 has been used successfully in the preparative scale synthesis of sialyllactosyl sphingosine (lyso-GM3), which is an important glycolipid and an intermediate for synthesizing more complex glycolipids such as gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vireak Thon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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ArcA-regulated glycosyltransferase lic2B promotes complement evasion and pathogenesis of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun 2011; 79:1971-83. [PMID: 21357723 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01269-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling mechanisms used by Haemophilus influenzae to adapt to conditions it encounters during stages of infection and pathogenesis are not well understood. The ArcAB two-component signal transduction system controls gene expression in response to respiratory conditions of growth and contributes to resistance to bactericidal effects of serum and to bloodstream infection by H. influenzae. We show that ArcA of nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHI) activates expression of a glycosyltransferase gene, lic2B. Structural comparison of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of a lic2B mutant to that of the wild-type strain NT127 revealed that lic2B is required for addition of a galactose residue to the LOS outer core. The lic2B gene was crucial for optimal survival of NTHI in a mouse model of bacteremia and for evasion of serum complement. The results demonstrate that ArcA, which controls cellular metabolism in response to environmental reduction and oxidation (redox) conditions, also coordinately controls genes that are critical for immune evasion, providing evidence that NTHI integrates redox signals to regulate specific countermeasures against host defense.
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Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is mediated by complete loss of lipopolysaccharide production. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:4971-7. [PMID: 20855724 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00834-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria represent a major global health problem. Polymyxin antibiotics such as colistin have resurfaced as effective last-resort antimicrobials for use against MDR Gram-negative pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii. Here we show that A. baumannii can rapidly develop resistance to polymyxin antibiotics by complete loss of the initial binding target, the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has long been considered to be essential for the viability of Gram-negative bacteria. We characterized 13 independent colistin-resistant derivatives of A. baumannii type strain ATCC 19606 and showed that all contained mutations within one of the first three genes of the lipid A biosynthesis pathway: lpxA, lpxC, and lpxD. All of these mutations resulted in the complete loss of LPS production. Furthermore, we showed that loss of LPS occurs in a colistin-resistant clinical isolate of A. baumannii. This is the first report of a spontaneously occurring, lipopolysaccharide-deficient, Gram-negative bacterium.
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Natural selection in the chicken host identifies 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid kinase residues essential for phosphorylation of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun 2010; 78:3669-77. [PMID: 20566690 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00457-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of a number of diseases in animals, including fowl cholera. P. multocida strains simultaneously express two lipopolysaccharide (LPS) glycoforms (glycoforms A and B) that differ only in their inner core structure. Glycoform A contains a single 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue that is phosphorylated by the Kdo kinase, KdkA, whereas glycoform B contains two unphosphorylated Kdo residues. We have previously shown that P. multocida mutants lacking the heptosyltransferase, HptA, produce full-length glycoform B LPS and a large amount of truncated glycoform A LPS, as they cannot add heptose to the glycoform A inner core. These hptA mutants were attenuated in chickens because the truncated LPS made them vulnerable to host defense mechanisms, including antimicrobial peptides. However, here we show that birds inoculated with high doses of the hptA mutant developed fowl cholera and the P. multocida isolates recovered from diseased birds no longer expressed truncated LPS. Sequencing analysis revealed that the in vivo-derived isolates had mutations in kdkA, thereby suppressing the production of glycoform A LPS. Interestingly, a number of the spontaneous KdkA mutant strains produced KdkA with a single amino acid substitution (A112V, R123P, H168Y, or D193N). LPS structural analysis showed that complementation of a P. multocida kdkA mutant with wild-type kdkA restored expression of glycoform A to wild-type levels, whereas complementation with any of the mutated kdkA genes did not. We conclude that in P. multocida KdkA, the amino acids A112, R123, H168, and D193 are critical for Kdo kinase function and therefore for glycoform A LPS assembly.
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Identification and characterization of a glycosyltransferase involved in Acinetobacter baumannii lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. Infect Immun 2010; 78:2017-23. [PMID: 20194587 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00016-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, there have been few investigations describing the factors important for A. baumannii persistence and pathogenesis. This paper describes the first reported identification of a glycosyltransferase, LpsB, involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis in A. baumannii. Mutational, structural, and complementation analyses indicated that LpsB is a core oligosaccharide glycosyl transferase. Using a genetic approach, lpsB was compared with the lpsB homologues of several A. baumannii strains. These analyses indicated that LpsB is highly conserved among A. baumannii isolates. Furthermore, we developed a monoclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody 13C11, which reacts to an LPS core epitope expressed by approximately one-third of the A. baumannii clinical isolates evaluated to date. Previous studies describing the heterogeneity of A. baumannii LPS were limited primarily to structural analyses; therefore, studies evaluating the correlation between these surface glycolipids and pathogenesis were warranted. Our data from an evaluation of LpsB mutant 307::TN17, which expresses a deeply truncated LPS glycoform consisting of only two 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid residues and lipid A, suggest that A. baumannii LPS is important for resistance to normal human serum and confers a competitive advantage for survival in vivo. These results have important implications for the role of LPS in A. baumannii infections.
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Reid CW, Fulton KM, Twine SM. Never take candy from a stranger: the role of the bacterial glycome in host–pathogen interactions. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:267-88. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the comprehensive study and complete sequencing of the Haemophilus influenzae genome in 1995 came the term ‘genomics’ and the beginning of the ‘omics’ era. Since this time, several analogous fields, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, have emerged. While growth and advancement in these fields have increased understanding of microbial virulence, the study of bacterial glycomes is still in its infancy and little is known concerning their role in host–pathogen interactions. Bacterial glycomics is challenging owing to the diversity of glyco-conjugate molecules, vast array of unusual sugars and limited number of analytical approaches available. However, recent advances in glycomics technologies offer the potential for exploration and characterization of both the structures and functions of components of bacterial glycomes in a systematic manner. Such characterization is a prerequisite for discerning the role of bacterial glycans in the interaction between host defences and bacterial virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Reid
- National Research Council – Institute for Biological Science, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kelly M Fulton
- National Research Council – Institute for Biological Science, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- National Research Council – Institute for Biological Science, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They have a structural role since they contribute to the cellular rigidity by increasing the strength of cell wall and mediating contacts with the external environment that can induce structural changes to allow life in different conditions. Furthermore, the low permeability of the outer membrane acts as a barrier to protect bacteria from host-derived antimicrobial compounds. Lipopolysaccharides are amphiphilic macromolecules generally comprising three defined regions distinguished by their genetics, structures and function: the lipid A, the core oligosaccharide and a polysaccharide portion, the O-chain. In some Gram-negative bacteria LPS can terminate with the core portion to form rough type LPS (R-LPS, LOS). The core oligosaccharide is an often branched and phosphorylated heterooligosaccharide with less than fifteen sugars, more conserved in the inner region, proximal to the lipid A, and often carrying non-stoichiometric substitutions leading to variation and micro-heterogeneity. The core oligosaccharide contributes to the bacterial viability and stability of the outer membrane, can assure the serological specificity and possesses antigenic properties.
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Structural and genetic basis for the serological differentiation of Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serotypes 2 and 5. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:6950-9. [PMID: 19767423 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00787-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is classified into 16 serotypes according to the Heddleston typing scheme. As part of a comprehensive study to define the structural and genetic basis of this scheme, we have determined the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by P. multocida strains M1404 (B:2) and P1702 (E:5), the type strains for serotypes 2 and 5, respectively. The only difference between the LPS structures made by these two strains was the absence of a phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) moiety at the 3 position of the second heptose (Hep II) in M1404. Analysis of the lpt-3 gene, required for the addition of this PEtn residue, revealed that the gene was intact in P1702 but contained a nonsense mutation in M1404. Expression of an intact copy of lpt-3 in M1404 resulted in the attachment of a PEtn residue to the 3 position of the Hep II residue, generating an LPS structure identical to that produced by P1702. We identified and characterized each of the glycosyltransferase genes required for assembly of the serotype 2 and 5 LPS outer core. Monoclonal antibodies raised against serotype 2 LPS recognized the serotype 2/5-specific outer core LPS structure, but recognition of this structure was inhibited by the PEtn residue on Hep II. These data indicate that the serological classification of strains into Heddleston serotypes 2 and 5 is dependent on the presence or absence of PEtn on Hep II.
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Phosphoethanolamine is located at the 6-position and not at the 7-position of the distal heptose residue in the lipopolysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1436-45. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Identification of novel glycosyltransferases required for assembly of the Pasteurella multocida A:1 lipopolysaccharide and their involvement in virulence. Infect Immun 2009; 77:1532-42. [PMID: 19168738 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01144-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously determined the structure of the Pasteurella multocida Heddleston type 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule and characterized some of the transferases essential for LPS biosynthesis. We also showed that P. multocida strains expressing truncated LPS display reduced virulence. Here, we have identified all of the remaining glycosyltransferases required for synthesis of the oligosaccharide extension of the P. multocida Heddleston type 1 LPS, including a novel alpha-1,6 glucosyltransferase, a beta-1,4 glucosyltransferase, a putative bifunctional galactosyltransferase, and two heptosyltransferases. In addition, we identified a novel oligosaccharide extension expressed only in a heptosyltransferase (hptE) mutant background. All of the analyzed mutants expressing LPS with a truncated main oligosaccharide extension displayed reduced virulence, but those expressing LPS with an intact heptose side chain were able to persist for long periods in muscle tissue. The hptC mutant, which expressed LPS with the shortest oligosaccharide extension and no heptose side chain, was unable to persist on the muscle or cause any disease. Furthermore, all of the mutants displayed increased sensitivity to the chicken antimicrobial peptide fowlicidin 1, with mutants expressing highly truncated LPS being the most sensitive.
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Abstract
AbstractPasteurella multocidais a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that has been classified into three subspecies, five capsular serogroups and 16 serotypes.P. multocidaserogroup A isolates are bovine nasopharyngeal commensals, bovine pathogens and common isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD), both enzootic calf pneumonia of young dairy calves and shipping fever of weaned, stressed beef cattle.P. multocidaA:3 is the most common serotype isolated from BRD, and these isolates have limited heterogeneity based on outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles and ribotyping. Development ofP. multocida-induced pneumonia is associated with environmental and stress factors such as shipping, co-mingling, and overcrowding as well as concurrent or predisposing viral or bacterial infections. Lung lesions consist of an acute to subacute bronchopneumonia that may or may not have an associated pleuritis. Numerous virulence or potential virulence factors have been described for bovine respiratory isolates including adherence and colonization factors, iron-regulated and acquisition proteins, extracellular enzymes such as neuraminidase, lipopolysaccharide, polysaccharide capsule and a variety of OMPs. Immunity of cattle against respiratory pasteurellosis is poorly understood; however, high serum antibodies to OMPs appear to be important for enhancing resistance to the bacterium. Currently availableP. multocidavaccines for use in cattle are predominately traditional bacterins and a live streptomycin-dependent mutant. The field efficacy of these vaccines is not well documented in the literature.
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Harper M, Cox A, St Michael F, Parnas H, Wilkie I, Blackall PJ, Adler B, Boyce JD. Decoration of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide with phosphocholine is important for virulence. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:7384-91. [PMID: 17704225 PMCID: PMC2168462 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00948-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphocholine (PCho) is an important substituent of surface structures expressed by a number of bacterial pathogens. Its role in virulence has been investigated in several species, in which it has been shown to play a role in bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces, in resistance to antimicrobial peptides, or in sensitivity to complement-mediated killing. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure of Pasteurella multocida strain Pm70, whose genome sequence is known, has recently been determined and does not contain PCho. However, LPS structures from the closely related, virulent P. multocida strains VP161 and X-73 were shown to contain PCho on their terminal galactose sugar residues. To determine if PCho was involved in the virulence of P. multocida, we used subtractive hybridization of the VP161 genome against the Pm70 genome to identify a four-gene locus (designated pcgDABC) which we show is required for the addition of the PCho residues to LPS. The proteins predicted to be encoded by pcgABC showed identity to proteins involved in choline uptake, phosphorylation, and nucleotide sugar activation of PCho. We constructed a P. multocida VP161 pcgC mutant and demonstrated that this strain produces LPS that lacks PCho on the terminal galactose residues. This pcgC mutant displayed reduced in vivo growth in a chicken infection model and was more sensitive to the chicken antimicrobial peptide fowlicidin-1 than the wild-type P. multocida strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, VIC, Australia
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Harper M, Boyce JD, Cox AD, St Michael F, Wilkie IW, Blackall PJ, Adler B. Pasteurella multocida expresses two lipopolysaccharide glycoforms simultaneously, but only a single form is required for virulence: identification of two acceptor-specific heptosyl I transferases. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3885-93. [PMID: 17517879 PMCID: PMC1952014 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00212-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical virulence determinant in Pasteurella multocida and a major antigen responsible for host protective immunity. In other mucosal pathogens, variation in LPS or lipooligosaccharide structure typically occurs in the outer core oligosaccharide regions due to phase variation. P. multocida elaborates a conserved oligosaccharide extension attached to two different, simultaneously expressed inner core structures, one containing a single phosphorylated 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue and the other containing two Kdo residues. We demonstrate that two heptosyltransferases, HptA and HptB, add the first heptose molecule to the Kdo(1) residue and that each exclusively recognizes different acceptor molecules. HptA is specific for the glycoform containing a single, phosphorylated Kdo residue (glycoform A), while HptB is specific for the glycoform containing two Kdo residues (glycoform B). In addition, KdkA was identified as a Kdo kinase, required for phosphorylation of the first Kdo molecule. Importantly, virulence data obtained from infected chickens showed that while wild-type P. multocida expresses both LPS glycoforms in vivo, bacterial mutants that produced only glycoform B were fully virulent, demonstrating for the first time that expression of a single LPS form is sufficient for P. multocida survival in vivo. We conclude that the ability of P. multocida to elaborate alternative inner core LPS structures is due to the simultaneous expression of two different heptosyltransferases that add the first heptose residue to the nascent LPS molecule and to the expression of both a bifunctional Kdo transferase and a Kdo kinase, which results in the initial assembly of two inner core structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Li J, Richards JC. Application of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry to the characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:35-50. [PMID: 16967446 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high-resolution technique for the separation of complex biological mixtures and has been widely applied to biological analyses. The coupling of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry (MS) provides a powerful approach for rapid identification of target analytes present at trace levels in biological matrices, and for structural characterization of complex biomolecules. Here we review the analytical potential of combined capillary electrophoresis electrospray mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for the analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This hyphened methodology facilitates the determination of closely related LPS glycoform and isoform families by exploiting differences in their unique molecular conformations and ionic charge distributions by electrophoretic separation. On-line CE-MS also provides an additional avenue to improve detection limits, which has been successfully applied to directly probe oligosaccharide LPS glycoform populations of bacteria isolated from infected animal models without the need for further passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6.
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Logan SM, Chen W, Aubry A, Gidney MAJ, Lacelle S, St Michael F, Kuolee R, Higgins M, Neufeld S, Cox AD. Production of a d-glycero-d-manno-heptosyltransferase mutant of Mannheimia haemolytica displaying a veterinary pathogen specific conserved LPS structure; development and functionality of antibodies to this LPS structure. Vet Microbiol 2006; 116:175-86. [PMID: 16750602 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous structural studies of the lipopolysaccharides from the veterinary pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Ap) and Pasteurella multocida (Pm) had identified a conserved inner core oligosaccharide structure that was present in all strains investigated. In order to examine the potential of this inner core structure as a vaccine, a mutagenesis strategy was adopted to interrupt a D-glycero-D-manno-heptosyltransferase gene (losB) of Mh. This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for the addition of a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose residue, the first residue beyond the conserved inner core, and its inactivation exposed the conserved inner core structure as a terminal unit on the mutant LPS molecule. Subsequent analyses confirmed the targeted structure of the mutant LPS had been obtained, and complementation with losB in trans confirmed that the losB gene encodes an alpha-1,6-D-glycero-D-manno-heptosyltransferase. Monoclonal antibodies raised in mice to this LPS structure were found to recognise LPS and whole-cells of the truncated mutant and wild-type Mh. The antibodies were bactericidal against a wild-type Mh strain and were able to passively protect mice in a model of Mh disease. This illustrates that it is possible to raise functional antibodies against the conserved inner core LPS structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Logan
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0R6
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Jacques M, Labrie J, St Michael F, Cox AD, Paradis MA, Dick CP, Klopfenstein C, Broes A, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M. Isolation of an atypical strain of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 with a truncated lipopolysaccharide outer core and no O-antigen. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3522-5. [PMID: 16000496 PMCID: PMC1169155 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3522-3525.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A field isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine fibrinohemorrhagic necrotizing pleuropneumonia, was sent to the diagnostic laboratory for serotyping. The isolate presented a clear reaction, with both polyclonal antibodies against serotype 1 and monoclonal antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide of serotype 1. It also exhibited a PCR profile of Apx toxins expected for serotype 1. The isolate, however, failed to react with monoclonal antibodies against the O-antigen of serotype 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting a rough phenotype. The lipid A-core region of the isolate migrated faster than the corresponding region of the serotype 1 reference strain S4074 by Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting the presence of a truncated core. Sugar analysis and mass spectrometry analysis of the O-deacylated LPS from the field isolate were consistent with the absence of O-antigen and truncation of the outer core compared to the wild-type reference strain. Experimental infection of pigs confirmed the virulence of the isolate. This is the first report of an isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 with a truncated outer core and a rough LPS phenotype. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories should be vigilant, since infections caused by such an isolate will not be detected by serological tests based on LPS O-antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, C.P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6.
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St Michael F, Li J, Cox AD. Structural analysis of the core oligosaccharide from Pasteurella multocida strain X73. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1253-7. [PMID: 15797144 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the core oligosaccharide region of the lipopolysaccharide from the Pasteurella multocida strain X73 was elucidated. The lipopolysaccharide was subjected to a variety of degradative procedures. The structure of the purified oligosaccharide was established by monosaccharide and methylation analyses, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The following structure illustrates a similar structure to the recently identified oligosaccharide from another P. multocida strain VP161, but with additional symmetrical substitution of the terminal galactose residues with phosphoethanolamine moieties, where based on the NMR data all sugars were found in pyranose ring forms and Kdo is 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2-oct-2-ulosonic acid, l,D-alpha-Hep is l-glycero-D-manno-heptose, PEtn is phosphoethanolamine and PCho is phosphocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank St Michael
- Institute for Biological Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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