1
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Wang S, Huan Y, Niu S, Cao H, Yang M, Zhou X, Gao X, Wang X, Shen Z, Fang WS. Discovery of 12β-oxygenated oleanolic acid alkyl esters as potent and selective FXR modulators exhibiting hyperglycemia amelioration in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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3
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Konishi N, Shirahata T, Yoshida Y, Sato N, Kaji E, Kobayashi Y. Efficient synthesis of diverse C-3 monodesmosidic saponins by a continuous microfluidic glycosylation/batch deprotection method. Carbohydr Res 2021; 510:108437. [PMID: 34597978 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triterpene and steroid saponins have various pharmacological activities but the synthesis of C-3 monodesmosidic saponins remains challenging. Herein, a series of C-3 glycosyl monodesmosidic saponins was synthesized via the microfluidic glycosylation of triterpenoids or steroids at the C-3 position, without the formation of orthoester byproducts, and subsequent deprotection of the benzoyl (Bz) group. This microfluidic glycosylation/batch deprotection sequence enabled the efficient synthesis of C-3 saponins with fewer purification steps and a shorter reaction time than conventional batch synthesis and stepwise microfluidic glycosylation. Furthermore, this system minimized the consumption of the imidate donor. Using this reaction system, 18 different C-3 saponins and 13 different C-28-benzyl-C-3 saponins, including 8 new compounds, were synthesized from various sugars and triterpenes or steroids. Our synthetic approach is expected to be suitable for further expanding the C-3 saponin library for pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruki Konishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirahata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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4
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Li QQ, Luo J, Liu XQ, Kang OH, Kwon DY. Eleutheroside K Isolated from Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms Inhibits the Expression of Virulence-Related Exoproteins in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3980-3988. [PMID: 34557944 PMCID: PMC8486718 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MRSA) is a representative pathogen that produces numerous virulence factors involving manifold cytotoxins and exotoxins. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of Eleutheroside K (ETSK), a single compound isolated from the leaves of Acanthopanax (A.) henryi (Oliv.) Harms, on the exotoxins secreted by MRSA. The transcription and translation of the exotoxins (α-hemolysin and staphylococcal enterotoxins) related to virulence in S. aureus were determined via quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The effect of ETSK on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As a result, ETSK at sub-MIC concentrations could reduce the protein expression of α-hemolysin and enterotoxin, and the expression of genes that regulate virulence factors was also inhibited. In addition, the TNF-inducing activity of S. aureus was attenuated by ETSK in a dose-dependent manner. These results revealed that ETSK not only reduced the protein and gene expression levels of related exotoxins but also suppressed the ability of S. aureus to induce macrophages to release cytokines. This study indicated that the inhibition of MRSA infection by ETSK may be achieved by reducing the virulence of S. aureus and highlighted the potential of ETSK as an innovative strategy for the prevention and treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410-208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410-208, People's Republic of China
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Krajka-Kuźniak V, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Paluszczak J, Szaefer H, Narożna M, Zaprutko L, Baer-Dubowska W. Oleanolic acid oxime derivatives and their conjugates with aspirin modulate the NF-κB-mediated transcription in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103326. [PMID: 31586705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of new oleanolic acid oxime (OAO) derivatives and their conjugates with aspirin (ASP) on the expression and activation of NF-κB in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. OAO derivatives showed a stronger cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells compared with their conjugates with aspirin. Moreover, conjugation of OAO with ASP led to enhanced downregulation of NF-κB expression and activation. Among the hybrids with ASP, compounds: 19, 3-(2-acetoxy)benzoyloxyiminoolean-12-en-28-oic acid morpholide and 13, 3-(2-acetoxy)benzoyloxyiminoolean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester, differing, respectively, in morpholide and methyl ester groups at the C-17 position of oleanolic acid (OA) molecule were the most efficient. COX-2 transcript and protein levels were also diminished after treatment with these compounds. The results of this study indicate that the new derivatives of OAO and particularly their conjugates with ASP, downregulate the expression of COX-2 in HepG2 cells by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and suggest their potential application in the prevention of liver inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Szaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Narożna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
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6
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Willén D, Bengtsson D, Clementson S, Tykesson E, Manner S, Ellervik U. Synthesis of Double-Modified Xyloside Analogues for Probing the β4GalT7 Active Site. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1259-1277. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Willén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O.
Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dennis Bengtsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O.
Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Clementson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O.
Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O.
Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O.
Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O.
Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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7
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Highly efficient synthesis of bioactive oleanane-type saponins. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:43-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Wang SR, Xu T, Deng K, Wong CW, Liu J, Fang WS. Discovery of Farnesoid X Receptor Antagonists Based on a Library of Oleanolic Acid 3-O-Esters through Diverse Substituent Design and Molecular Docking Methods. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050690. [PMID: 28445411 PMCID: PMC6154651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpene oleanolic acid (OA, 1) with known farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulatory activity was modified at its C-3 position to find new FXR-interacting agents. A diverse substitution library of OA derivatives was constructed in silico through a 2D fingerprint similarity cluster strategy. With further docking analysis, four top-scored OA 3-O-ester derivatives were selected for synthesis. The bioassay results indicated that all four compounds 3 inhibited chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced FXR transactivation in a concentration-dependent mode. Among them 3b and 3d are more active than the parent compound OA. A molecular simulation study was performed to attempt to explain the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and the antagonistic action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on semi-synthetic pentacyclic triterpenoids with FXR-modulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, 1A Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Kai Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chi-Wai Wong
- NeuMed Pharmaceuticals Limited, Unit 509, 5/F BioTech Center I, No. 9 Science Park West Avenue, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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9
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Wang L, Wang Z, Su S, Xing Y, Li Y, Li M, Liu J, Yang S. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of oleanolic acid trisaccharide saponins. Carbohydr Res 2017; 442:9-16. [PMID: 28273565 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An array of oleanolic acid-type saponins based on β-hederin has been synthesized in a linear or one-pot manner. The cell viability assays indicate that synthetic saponins show antiproliferation activities in three cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.4-15.1 μM and hederacolchiside A1 being the most potent. The results demonstrate that the type of terminal monosaccharides and linkage position have apparent effects on cytotoxicities and selectivities of these saponins against cancer cell lines tested. This study is helpful for future development of more potent anticancer leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Key Lab of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zengshang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of the VIP Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Sheng Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of the VIP Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of the VIP Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Lab of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiangyun Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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10
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Xu J, Nie X, Hong Y, Jiang Y, Wu G, Yin X, Wang C, Wang X. Synthesis of water soluble glycosides of pentacyclic dihydroxytriterpene carboxylic acids as inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Carbohydr Res 2016; 424:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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12
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Kim M, Park Y, Chung WY, Park KK, Jung M. Total Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel Pulsatilla Saponin D Analogues. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:669-77. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University
| | | | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
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13
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Synthesis and tumor cytotoxicity of novel N-substituted glucosamine-bearing oleanolic acid derivatives. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-3522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Emirdağ-Öztürk S, Karayıldırım T, Çapcı-Karagöz A, Alankuş-Çalışkan Ö, Özmen A, Poyrazoğlu-Çoban E. Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and structure-activity relationships of gypsogenin derivatives against human cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:565-73. [PMID: 24941130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of gypsogenin (1) derivatives (1a-i) was synthesized in good yields, and the derivatives' structures were established using UV, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and LCMS spectroscopic data. Among the tested compounds, 1a, 1b, 1d, 1e, and gypsogenin (1) showed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thrungiensis, with inhibition zones of 10-14 mm. In addition, compounds 1b, 1d, and 1e showed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, with inhibition zones of 9-14 mm. Using six human cancer cell lines in vitro, the cytotoxic activities of all tested compounds were determined by calculating the IC50 values. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel were used as controls. Among the tested compounds, 1a, 1c, and 1d had inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 3.9 μM (HL-60 cells), 5.15 μM (MCF-7 cells), and 5.978 μM (HL-60), respectively. To determine the type of cell death, Hoechst 33258 (HO) and propidium iodide (PI) double staining was used. Especially, gypsogenin (1) and compound 1a triggered the apoptotic mechanism at a concentration of 20 μM. Thus, gypsogenin (1) and compounds 1a, 1c, and 1d possess varying degrees of biological activities and can be considered as potential antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Emirdağ-Öztürk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Karayıldırım
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Aysun Çapcı-Karagöz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Ali Özmen
- Biology Department, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09010, Turkey
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15
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Siewert B, Wiemann J, Köwitsch A, Csuk R. The chemical and biological potential of C ring modified triterpenoids. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 72:84-101. [PMID: 24361521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and elegant route has been developed to separate the natural regioisomers triterpenoids ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) as well as derivatives thereof. Eleven unknown derivatives of OA were designed, synthesized, and their cytotoxicity was investigated. Further sixteen compounds were prepared to correlate all compounds in a SAR study. It could be shown that C-ring modifications of OA and UA have only a moderate influence onto the cytotoxic activity of the compounds but a significant impact onto the ability to trigger apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells (cell line A2780).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Siewert
- Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Jana Wiemann
- Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Alexander Köwitsch
- Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany.
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16
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Facile synthesis of the naturally cytotoxic triterpenoid saponin Patrinia-glycoside B-II and its conformer. Molecules 2013; 18:15193-206. [PMID: 24335573 PMCID: PMC6270016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The first chemical synthesis of the natural triterpenoid saponin Patrinia-glycoside B-II, namely oleanolic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-gluco-pyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-arabinopyranoside, has been accomplished in a linear 11-step sequence 11 with 9.4% overall yield. The abnormal 1C4 conformation of the arabinose residue was found to occur via conformational fluctuation during preparation of the intermediates. Molecular mechanism and quantum chemistry calculations showed that Patrinia-glycoside B-II and its conformer 1 cannot interconvert under normal conditions. Preliminary structure-activity relationships studies indicated that the 4C1 chair conformation of the arabinose residue in the unique α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl disaccharide moiety is one of the chief positive factors responsible for its cytotoxic activity against tumors.
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17
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Kim M, Lim E, Jung M. First total synthesis of natural pulsatilla saponin D via highly stereospecific glycosylation. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and antitumor activities of naturally occurring oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins and their derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Liu QC, Guo TT, Zhang L, Yu Y, Wang P, Yang JF, Li YX. Synthesis and biological evaluation of oleanolic acid derivatives as PTP1B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:511-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Structure–activity relationships of saponin derivatives: A series of entry inhibitors for highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 53:316-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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An efficient and recyclable catalyst for the cleavage of tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ethers. Carbohydr Res 2012; 354:6-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Gao J, Li X, Gu G, Liu S, Cui M, Lou HX. Facile synthesis of triterpenoid saponins bearing β-Glu/Gal-(1→3)-β-GluA methyl ester and their cytotoxic activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2396-400. [PMID: 22406153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Convenient synthetic strategy toward spinasaponin A methyl ester 1 and calenduloside G methyl ester 2, two natural oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins bearing an unique β-D-glucosyl/galactosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester disaccharide moiety, was established. Based on this facile approach, four structurally modified congeners 3-6 with ursolic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid as aglycones were efficiently synthesized. MTT assay revealed the cytotoxicities against cancer cells of the synthesized saponins were varied with the change of aglycones and sugar units. Saponin 2 possessing the most potent cytotoxic effects could induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, which was detected by confocal micrographs using DAPI staining and flow cytometry using Annexin V and PI double staining. Furthermore, 2-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was associated with ROS generation and loss of the mitochondria membrane potential (Δψ(m)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
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23
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Wang B, Chun J, Liu Y, Han L, Wang YS, Joo EJ, Kim YS, Cheng MS. Synthesis of novel diosgenyl saponin analogues and apoptosis-inducing activity on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8822-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26579f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Liu Q, Fan Z, Li D, Li W, Guo T. Facile Synthesis of Several Oleanane-Type Triterpenoid Saponins. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.555898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zheng Fan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenhong Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- b Department of Medicine , Xi'an Innovation College Yan'an University , Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, PR China
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25
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Guo T, Liu Q, Zhang L, Wang P, Li Y. Facile Synthesis of Four Natural Triterpene Saponins with Important Antitumor Activity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903576602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Liu Y, Lu WX, Yan MC, Yu Y, Ikejima T, Cheng MS. Synthesis and tumor cytotoxicity of novel amide derivatives of β-hederin. Molecules 2010; 15:7871-83. [PMID: 21060295 PMCID: PMC6259211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen novel triterpenoid saponins, designed as amide derivatives of the natural cytotoxic saponin β-hederin, were synthesized by a stepwise glycosylation strategy. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated against five different tumor cell lines. Most of the evaluated compounds showed effective inhibitory activity against at least one tumor cell line at micromolar concentrations. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR) indicate that mide derivatization at C-28 resulted in highly cytotoxic derivatives on specific tumor cell lines, and also resulted in an increase in the antitumor selectivity of β-hederin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.-X.L.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - Wen-Xiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.-X.L.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - Mao-Cai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.-X.L.); (M.-C.Y.)
| | - Yang Yu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Mao-Sheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.-X.L.); (M.-C.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-24-23986415; Fax: +86-24-23995043
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27
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Qian S, Li JH, Zhang YW, Chen X, Wu Y. Synthesis and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of oleanolic acid derivatives. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2010; 12:20-29. [PMID: 20390739 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903405456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glucosidations of oleanolic acid (1) and its dihydroxy-olide derivatives (2) were carried out to provide eight glycosides. All synthesized compounds were evaluated by in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay. 3-Acetyl dihydroxy-olide oleanolic derivative 15 showed the most potent inhibitory effect. Structure-activity relationships within these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Li X, Guo T, Wang P, Li Y. Efficient Synthesis of Flaccidoside II, a Bioactive Component of Chinese Folk Medicine Di Wu. J Carbohydr Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300903260192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Liu
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peng Wang
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- b School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai, 201203, China
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29
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Mikhailova LR, Baltina LA, Baltina LA, Kondratenko RM, Nepogodiev SA, Field RA, Kunert O, Yin MC. A simple method of synthesis of triterpene glycosides similar to glycyrrhizic acid and their hepatoprotective activity in vitro. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:686-95. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Zhao
- a China Tobacco Hunan Ind. Corp. , Changsha, 410001, China
| | - Weidong Yan
- b Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, China
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31
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Liu Q, Wang P, Zhang L, Guo T, Lv G, Li Y. Concise synthesis of two natural triterpenoid saponins, oleanolic acid derivatives isolated from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1276-81. [PMID: 19524216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of two natural triterpenoid saponins, which were isolated from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis and exhibited excellent in vitro cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells, was concisely achieved in a convergent approach. We employed an odourless 2-methyl-5-tert-butylphenyl (Mbp) thioglycoside and trichloroacetimidate donors in one-pot reaction as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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32
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33
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Guo T, Liu Q, Wang P, Zhang L, Zhang W, Li Y. Facile synthesis of three bidesmosidic oleanolic acid saponins with strong inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1167-74. [PMID: 19463989 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of scabiosaponins E (1), F (2), and G (3), three new oleanolic acid saponins with strong inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase isolated from the Chinese traditional medicinal herb Scabiosa tschiliensis, was efficiently achieved in an one-pot strategy under the combined use of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates and p-toluene 1-thioglycosides (STol) as donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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34
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Sha Y, Yan MC, Liu J, Liu Y, Cheng MS. Facile synthesis of oleanolic acid monoglycosides and diglycosides. Molecules 2008; 13:1472-86. [PMID: 18719519 PMCID: PMC6245434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid and its glycosides are important natural products, possessing various attractive biological activities such as antitumor, antivirus and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present work, fifteen oleanolic acid saponins bearing various saccharide moieties, including 3-monoglycoside, 28-monoglycoside and 3,28-diglycoside, were easily synthesized in high yields. Benzyl was chosen as the protective group for the COOH(28) group, instead of commonly used methyl and allyl, to avoid difficulties in the final deprotection. Alkali-promoted condensation of the carboxylic acid with bromo-glycosides was found to be more efficient in the synthesis of 28-glycosides. Two approaches were investigated and proved practicable in the preparation of 3,28-diglycosides. This method is suitable for preparing oleanolic acid glycosides with structural diversity for extensive biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship study, and it also apply new idea for the corresponding synthetic methods to the glycoside derivatives of other triterpenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sha
- Key Lab of New Drug Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR. China.
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35
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Gauthier C, Legault J, Lavoie S, Rondeau S, Tremblay S, Pichette A. Synthesis of two natural betulinic acid saponins containing α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranose and their analogues. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Facile synthesis and cytotoxicity of triterpenoid saponins bearing a unique disaccharide moiety: hederacolchiside A1 and its analogues. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:780-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Yan MC, Liu Y, Chen H, Ke Y, Xu QC, Cheng MS. Synthesis and antitumor activity of two natural N-acetylglucosamine-bearing triterpenoid saponins: Lotoidoside D and E. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4200-4. [PMID: 16765595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two natural triterpenoid saponins bearing N-acetylglucosamine, lotoidoside D and lotoidoside E, which had been available only from Glinus lotoides growing in Egyptian desert, were facilely synthesized from readily available oleanolic acid. Preliminary pharmacological research showed their antitumor activity against HeLa cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Cai Yan
- Key Lab of New Drugs Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, PR China
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