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Chavan AR, Singh AK, Gupta RK, Nakhate SP, Poddar BJ, Gujar VV, Purohit HJ, Khardenavis AA. Recent trends in the biotechnology of functional non-digestible oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-46. [PMID: 36714949 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2152627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics as a part of dietary nutrition can play a crucial role in structuring the composition and metabolic function of intestinal microbiota and can thus help in managing a clinical scenario by preventing diseases and/or improving health. Among the different prebiotics, non-digestible carbohydrates are molecules that selectively enrich a typical class of bacteria with probiotic potential. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the different aspects of prebiotics, such as its production, characterization and purification by various techniques, and its link to novel product development at an industrial scale for wide-scale use in diverse range of health management applications. Furthermore, the path to effective valorization of agricultural residues in prebiotic production has been elucidated. This review also discusses the recent developments in application of genomic tools in the area of prebiotics for providing new insights into the taxonomic characterization of gut microorganisms, and exploring their functional metabolic pathways for enzyme synthesis. However, the information regarding the cumulative effect of prebiotics with beneficial bacteria, their colonization and its direct influence through altered metabolic profile is still getting established. The future of this area lies in the designing of clinical condition specific functional foods taking into consideration the host genotypes, thus facilitating the creation of balanced and required metabolome and enabling to maintain the healthy status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Rajkumar Chavan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suraj Prabhakarrao Nakhate
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Bhagyashri Jagdishprasad Poddar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vaibhav Vilasrao Gujar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- JoVE, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Anshuman Arun Khardenavis
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Maráz A, Kovács Z, Benjamins E, Pázmándi M. Recent developments in microbial production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:95. [PMID: 35441950 PMCID: PMC9021073 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are used as prebiotic ingredients in various food and pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, production of GOS involves the enzymatic conversion of lactose by transgalactosylation using β-galactosidase. The purity of the resulting product is low, typically limited to up to 55% GOS on total carbohydrate basis due to the presence of non-reacted lactose, and the formation of by-products glucose and galactose. In industrial practice high-purity GOS is manufactured by removing the unwanted mono- and disaccharides from raw GOS with simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. This purification step is associated with high processing cost that increases the price of pure GOS and limits its marketability. The last decades have witnessed a growing interest in developing competitive biotechnological processes that could replace chromatography. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the recent advancements of microbial GOS purification, a process commonly referred to as selective fermentation or selective metabolism. Purification strategies include: (i) removal of glucose alone or together with galactose by lactose negative yeast species, that typically results in purity values below 60% due to remaining lactose; (ii) removal of both mono- and disaccharides by combining the fast monosaccharide metabolizing capacity of some yeast species with efficient lactose consumption by certain lactose positive microbes, reaching GOS purity in the range of 60–95%; and (iii) the application of selected strains of Kluyveromyces species with high lactose metabolizing activity to achieve high-purity GOS that is practically free from lactose and monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maráz
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Somlói út 14-16, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Melinda Pázmándi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Hygiene and Safety, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Somlói út 14-16, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A. Trends in lactose-derived bioactives: synthesis and purification. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2022; 2:393-412. [PMID: 38624767 PMCID: PMC8776390 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-021-00068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactose obtained from cheese whey is a low value commodity despite its great potential as raw material for the production of bioactive compounds. Among them, prebiotics stand out as valuable ingredients to be added to food matrices to build up functional foods, which currently represent the most active sector within the food industry. Functional foods market has been growing steadily in the recent decades along with the increasing awareness of the World population about healthy nutrition, and this is having a strong impact on lactose-derived bioactives. Most of them are produced by enzyme biocatalysis because of molecular precision and environmental sustainability considerations. The current status and outlook of the production of lactose-derived bioactive compounds is presented with special emphasis on downstream operations which are critical because of the rather modest lactose conversion and product yields that are attainable. Even though some of these products have already an established market, there are still several challenges referring to the need of developing better catalysts and more cost-effective downstream operations for delivering high quality products at affordable prices. This technological push is expected to broaden the spectrum of lactose-derived bioactive compounds to be produced at industrial scale in the near future. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaiso, Chile
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Biosynthesis of Lactobionic Acid in Whey-Containing Medium by Microencapsulated and Free Bacteria of Pseudomonas taetrolens. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:315-323. [PMID: 34290461 PMCID: PMC8263841 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop a method of its production from whey using bacteria of the species Pseudomonas taetrolens. Analyses of the lactobionic acid production method from whey showed that the following factors have a significant effect on its efficiency: the frequency of whey batch feeding, pH and the type of bacteria application, i.e. microencapsulated vs. free. Lactose and lactobionic acid were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS). The highest concentration of lactobionic acid of 22.03 mg/cm3 was obtained when whey was batch fed at 72-h intervals, pH was maintained at 6.25 and bacteria were enclosed in alginate microcapsules.
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Yang J, Xu P, Long L, Ding S. Production of lactobionic acid using an immobilized cellobiose dehydrogenase/laccase system on magnetic chitosan spheres. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Enzymatic methods for the oxidation of alcohols are critically reviewed. Dehydrogenases and oxidases are the most prominent biocatalysts, enabling the selective oxidation of primary alcohols into aldehydes or acids. In the case of secondary alcohols, region and/or enantioselective oxidation is possible. In this contribution, we outline the current state-of-the-art and discuss current limitations and promising solutions.
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Kittibunchakul S, van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Structural Comparison of Different Galacto-oligosaccharide Mixtures Formed by β-Galactosidases from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4437-4446. [PMID: 32196339 PMCID: PMC7168588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The LacLM-type β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus helveticus DSM 20075 expressed in both Escherichia coli (EcoliBL21Lhβ-gal) and Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp609Lhβ-gal) was tested for their potential to form galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose. The Lh-GOS mixture formed by β-galactosidase from L. helveticus, together with three GOS mixtures produced using β-galactosidases of both the LacLM and the LacZ type from other lactic acid bacteria, namely, L. reuteri (Lr-GOS), L. bulgaricus (Lb-GOS), and Streptococcus thermophilus (St-GOS), as well as two GOS mixtures (Br-GOS1 and Br-GOS2) produced using β-galactosidases (β-gal I and β-gal II) from Bifidobacterium breve, was analyzed and structurally compared with commercial GOS mixtures analyzed in previous work (Vivinal GOS, GOS I, GOS III, and GOS V) using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with a refractive index (RI) detector (HPSEC-RI), and one-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. β-Galactosidases from lactic acid bacteria and B. breve displayed a preference to form β-(1→6)- and β-(1→3)-linked GOS. The GOS mixtures produced by these enzymes consisted of mainly DP2 and DP3 oligosaccharides, accounting for ∼90% of all GOS components. GOS mixtures obtained with β-galactosidases from lactic acid bacteria and B. breve were quite similar to the commercial GOS III mixture in terms of product spectrum and showed a broader product spectrum than the commercial GOS V mixture. These GOS mixtures also contained a number of GOS components that were absent in the commercial Vivinal GOS (V-GOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwapat Kittibunchakul
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Medicine, Cluster Human Nutrition & Health, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- CarbExplore Research BV, Zernikepark 12, NL-9747 AN Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Kim JH, Jang YA, Seong SB, Jang SA, Hong SH, Song JK, Eom GT. High-level production and high-yield recovery of lactobionic acid by the control of pH and temperature in fermentation of Pseudomonas taetrolens. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:937-944. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kaczyński ŁK, Cais-Sokolińska D, Szwengiel A. Kinetics of lactose hydrolysis and galactooligosaccharides formation in beverages based on goat's milk and its permeate. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1529-1534. [PMID: 31695952 PMCID: PMC6811670 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was the analysis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) formation in a model mixture of goat’s milk and its permeate from microfiltration and further concentration by ultrafiltration based on the hydrolysis and transgalactosylation of lactose under various temperature and time regimes. These reactions were catalyzed by a β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Simultaneous hydrolysis and transgalactosylation of the milk lactose was carried out at 37, 40, and 43 °C for 6 h. The maximum GOS content in the mixture was obtained at 37 °C after 20 min. It was 6.9% of the total sugars and the degree of lactose hydrolysis was 13.3%. This was about 10% more GOS than in milk. The mixture containing GOS had a faster maximum acidification rate, 33% greater than before transgalactosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz K Kaczyński
- 1Department of Dairy Products Quality, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Cais-Sokolińska
- 1Department of Dairy Products Quality, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- 2Department of Fermentation and Biosynthesis, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
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Kittibunchakul S, Maischberger T, Domig KJ, Kneifel W, Nguyen HM, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Fermentability of a Novel Galacto-Oligosaccharide Mixture by Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123352. [PMID: 30567341 PMCID: PMC6321129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the specific growth stimulation of certain desired intestinal bacteria by a novel galacto-oligosaccharide mixture, which was produced with a β-galactosidase from a potential probiotic Lactobacillus isolate that contained mainly oligosaccharides of β-1,3 and β-1,6 glycosidic linkages (termed Lb-GOS) using single-strain fermentations. The composition of this Lb-GOS mixture was 33.5% disaccharides, 60.5% trisaccharides, 4.8% tetrasaccharides, and 1.0% pentasaccharides with a negligible amount of monosaccharides, lactose, and lactobionic acid (0.3%). Eight Lactobacillus spp. strains and three Bifidobacterium spp. strains were used in single-strain fermentations to determine the fermentation activity scores of this Lb-GOS preparation compared to two commercially available prebiotic mixtures, 4′GOS-P and Vivinal GOS (V-GOS). The highest scores were obtained when L. reuteri Lb46 and the two Bifidobacterium strains, B. animalis subsp. lactis Bif1 and Bif3, were grown on these galacto-oligosaccharide mixtures. In addition, the Lb-GOS mixture was found to have higher fermentation activity scores; hence, it stimulated the growth of these probiotic strains more than 4′GOS-P and V-GOS, which may be attributed to the different glycosidic linkage types that are found in the Lb-GOS mixture compared to the other two commercial preparations. These findings suggested that the Lb-GOS mixture that is described in this work should be of interest for the formulations of new carbohydrate-based functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwapat Kittibunchakul
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Maischberger
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Food Microbiology and Hygiene Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Food Quality Assurance Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hoang-Minh Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Nguyen Luong Bang 54, 550000 Danang, Vietnam.
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Tian Q, Feng Y, Huang H, Zhang J, Yu Y, Guan Z, Cai Y, Liao X. Production of lactobionic acid from lactose using the cellobiose dehydrogenase-3-HAA-laccase system fromPycnoporussp. SYBC-L10. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:589-597. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Y. Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - H. Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - J. Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Y. Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Z. Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Y. Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - X. Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
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Biocatalytic strategies in the production of galacto-oligosaccharides and its global status. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Belorkar SA, Gupta AK. Oligosaccharides: a boon from nature's desk. AMB Express 2016; 6:82. [PMID: 27699701 PMCID: PMC5047869 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the varied sources of oligosaccharides available in nature as silent health promoting, integral ingredients of plants as well as animal products like honey and milk. The article focuses on exotic and unfamiliar oligosaccharides like Galactooligosaccharides, Lactulose derived Galactooligosaccharides, Xylooligosaccharides, Arabinooligosaccharides and algae derived Marine oligosaccharides along with the most acknowledged prebiotic fructooligosaccharides. The oligosaccharides are named as on the grounds of the monomeric units forming oligomers with functional properties. The chemical structures, natural sources, microbial enzyme mediated synthesis and physiological effects are discussed. An elaborate account of the different types of oligosaccharides with special reference to fructooligosaccharides are presented. Finally, the profound health benefits of oligosaccharides are rigourously discussed limelighting its positive physiological sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema A. Belorkar
- Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, 206, Budhiya complex, Sarkanda, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495004 India
| | - A. K. Gupta
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG 492010 India
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Hassan N, Geiger B, Gandini R, Patel BKC, Kittl R, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH, Divne C, Tan TC. Engineering a thermostable Halothermothrix orenii β-glucosidase for improved galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3533-43. [PMID: 26621798 PMCID: PMC4803828 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is produced in large amounts as a by-product from the dairy industry. This inexpensive disaccharide can be converted to more useful value-added products such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) by transgalactosylation reactions with retaining β-galactosidases (BGALs) being normally used for this purpose. Hydrolysis is always competing with the transglycosylation reaction, and hence, the yields of GOSs can be too low for industrial use. We have reported that a β-glucosidase from Halothermothrix orenii (HoBGLA) shows promising characteristics for lactose conversion and GOS synthesis. Here, we engineered HoBGLA to investigate the possibility to further improve lactose conversion and GOS production. Five variants that targeted the glycone (-1) and aglycone (+1) subsites (N222F, N294T, F417S, F417Y, and Y296F) were designed and expressed. All variants show significantly impaired catalytic activity with cellobiose and lactose as substrates. Particularly, F417S is hydrolytically crippled with cellobiose as substrate with a 1000-fold decrease in apparent k cat, but to a lesser extent affected when catalyzing hydrolysis of lactose (47-fold lower k cat). This large selective effect on cellobiose hydrolysis is manifested as a change in substrate selectivity from cellobiose to lactose. The least affected variant is F417Y, which retains the capacity to hydrolyze both cellobiose and lactose with the same relative substrate selectivity as the wild type, but with ~10-fold lower turnover numbers. Thin-layer chromatography results show that this effect is accompanied by synthesis of a particular GOS product in higher yields by Y296F and F417S compared with the other variants, whereas the variant F417Y produces a higher yield of total GOSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hassan
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Geiger
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosaria Gandini
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheelelaboratoriet, Scheeles väg 2, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bharat K C Patel
- Microbial Gene Research and Resources Facility, School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Roman Kittl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Divne
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheelelaboratoriet, Scheeles väg 2, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tien Chye Tan
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheelelaboratoriet, Scheeles väg 2, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Production of Galactooligosaccharides Using β-Galactosidase Immobilized on Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles with Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine as an Optional Coupling Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12499-512. [PMID: 26047337 PMCID: PMC4490457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Galactosidase was immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and was used to produce galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose. Immobilized enzyme was prepared with or without the coupling agent, tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP). The two immobilized systems and the free enzyme achieved their maximum activity at pH 6.0 with an optimal temperature of 50 °C. The immobilized enzymes showed higher activities at a wider range of temperatures and pH. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme coupled with THP showed higher thermal stability than that without THP. However, activity retention of batchwise reactions was similar for both immobilized systems. All the three enzyme systems produced GOS compound with similar concentration profiles, with a maximum GOS yield of 50.5% from 36% (w·v−1) lactose on a dry weight basis. The chitosan-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be regenerated using a desorption/re-adsorption process described in this study.
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Palai T, Kumar A, Bhattacharya PK. Kinetic studies and model development for the formation of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using synthesized thermo-responsive bioconjugate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 70:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Conzuelo F, Vivekananthan J, Pöller S, Pingarrón JM, Schuhmann W. Immunologically Controlled Biofuel Cell as a Self-Powered Biosensor for Antibiotic Residue Determination. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Michelon M, Manera AP, Carvalho AL, Maugeri Filho F. Concentration and purification of galacto-oligosaccharides using nanofiltration membranes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Michelon
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering; Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); 13083-862 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Manera
- Food Microbiology and Toxicology Laboratory; Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA); 96413-170 Bagé RS Brazil
| | - Andrea Limoeiro Carvalho
- Laboratory of Unit Operation; Technology Department; University of Feira de Santana (UEFS); 44036-900 Feira de Santana BA Brazil
| | - Francisco Maugeri Filho
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering; Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); 13083-862 Campinas SP Brazil
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Bio-production of lactobionic acid: Current status, applications and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1275-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kinetics of lactose conversion to galacto-oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase immobilized on PVDF membrane. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:668-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ludwig R, Ortiz R, Schulz C, Harreither W, Sygmund C, Gorton L. Cellobiose dehydrogenase modified electrodes: advances by materials science and biochemical engineering. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3637-58. [PMID: 23329127 PMCID: PMC3608873 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a versatile biorecognition element capable of detecting carbohydrates as well as quinones and catecholamines. In addition, it can be used as an anode biocatalyst for enzymatic biofuel cells to power miniaturised sensor-transmitter systems. Various electrode materials and designs have been tested in the past decade to utilize and enhance the direct electron transfer (DET) from the enzyme to the electrode. Additionally, mediated electron transfer (MET) approaches via soluble redox mediators and redox polymers have been pursued. Biosensors for cellobiose, lactose and glucose determination are based on CDH from different fungal producers, which show differences with respect to substrate specificity, pH optima, DET efficiency and surface binding affinity. Biosensors for the detection of quinones and catecholamines can use carbohydrates for analyte regeneration and signal amplification. This review discusses different approaches to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of CDH-based biosensors, which focus on (1) more efficient DET on chemically modified or nanostructured electrodes, (2) the synthesis of custom-made redox polymers for higher MET currents and (3) the engineering of enzymes and reaction pathways. Combination of these strategies will enable the design of sensitive and selective CDH-based biosensors with reduced electrode size for the detection of analytes in continuous on-site and point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Ortiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 226 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Schulz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 226 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Harreither
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sygmund
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 226 46 Lund, Sweden
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Lactobionic acid: A high value-added lactose derivative for food and pharmaceutical applications. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Palai T, Mitra S, Bhattacharya PK. Kinetics and design relation for enzymatic conversion of lactose into galacto-oligosaccharides using commercial grade β-galactosidase. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:418-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Panesar PS, Kumari S, Panesar R. Biotechnological approaches for the production of prebiotics and their potential applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:345-64. [PMID: 22985065 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.709482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide interest in prebiotics have been increasing extensively both as food ingredients and pharmacological supplements, since they have beneficial properties for human health. Prebiotics not only stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut but also increase the resistance towards pathogens. In addition to this, they also act as dietary fiber, an energy source for intestinal cells after converting to short-chain fatty acids, a stimulator of immune systems, sugar replacer etc. Moreover, due to heat resistant properties, they are able to maintain their intact form during the baking process and allow them to be incorporated into every day food products. Thus, they can be interesting and useful ingredients in the development of novel functional foods. This review provides comprehensive information about the different biotechnological techniques employed in the production of prebiotics and their potential applications in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology , Longowal, Punjab , India
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Kishore D, Talat M, Srivastava ON, Kayastha AM. Immobilization of β-galactosidase onto functionalized graphene nano-sheets using response surface methodology and its analytical applications. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40708. [PMID: 22815797 PMCID: PMC3399898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background β-Galactosidase is a vital enzyme with diverse application in molecular biology and industries. It was covalently attached onto functionalized graphene nano-sheets for various analytical applications based on lactose reduction. Methodology/Principal Findings Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design of experiment was used for determination of optimal immobilization conditions, which resulted in 84.2% immobilization efficiency. Native and immobilized functionalized graphene was characterized with the help of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Functionalized graphene sheets decorated with islands of immobilized enzyme were evidently visualized under both transmission and scanning electron microscopy after immobilization. FTIR spectra provided insight on various chemical interactions and bonding, involved during and after immobilization. Optimum temperature and energy of activation (Ea) remains unchanged whereas optimum pH and Km were changed after immobilization. Increased thermal stability of enzyme was observed after conjugating the enzyme with functionalized graphene. Significance Immobilized β-galactosidase showed excellent reusability with a retention of more than 92% enzymatic activity after 10 reuses and an ideal performance at broad ranges of industrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Kishore
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahe Talat
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Unit, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Onkar Nath Srivastava
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Unit, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arvind M. Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- * E-mail:
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Efficient lactobionic acid production from whey by Pseudomonas taetrolens under pH-shift conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9730-9736. [PMID: 21862326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid finds applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and medicine. The production of lactobionic acid from whey by Pseudomonas taetrolens was studied in shake-flasks and in a bioreactor. Shake-flask experiments showed that lactobionic acid was a non-growth associated product. A two-stage pH-shift bioconversion strategy with a pH-uncontrolled above 6.5 during the growth phase and maintained at 6.5 during cumulative production was adopted in bioreactor batch cultures. An inoculation level of 30% promoted high cell culture densities that triggered lactobionic acid production at a rate of 1.12 g/Lh. This methodology displayed efficient bioconversion with cheese whey as an inexpensive substrate for lactobionic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Alonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Chemistry, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Neri DF, Balcão VM, Cardoso SM, Silva AM, Domingues MDRM, Torres DP, Rodrigues LR, Carvalho LB, Teixeira JA. Characterization of galactooligosaccharides produced by β-galactosidase immobilized onto magnetized Dacron. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Panesar PS, Kumari S, Panesar R. Potential Applications of Immobilized β-Galactosidase in Food Processing Industries. Enzyme Res 2010; 2010:473137. [PMID: 21234407 PMCID: PMC3014700 DOI: 10.4061/2010/473137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme β-galactosidase can be obtained from a wide variety of sources such as microorganisms, plants, and animals. The use of β-galactosidase for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk and whey is one of the promising enzymatic applications in food and dairy processing industries. The enzyme can be used in either soluble or immobilized forms but the soluble enzyme can be used only for batch processes and the immobilized form has the advantage of being used in batch wise as well as in continuous operation. Immobilization has been found to be convenient method to make enzyme thermostable and to prevent the loss of enzyme activity. This review has been focused on the different types of techniques used for the immobilization of β-galactosidase and its potential applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S. Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
| | - Shweta Kumari
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
| | - Reeba Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
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Torres DP, Gonçalves MDPF, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. Galacto-Oligosaccharides: Production, Properties, Applications, and Significance as Prebiotics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:438-454. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ludwig R, Harreither W, Tasca F, Gorton L. Cellobiose Dehydrogenase: A Versatile Catalyst for Electrochemical Applications. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2674-97. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hollmann F, Arends I, Buehler K. Biocatalytic Redox Reactions for Organic Synthesis: Nonconventional Regeneration Methods. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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