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Xiang Q, Xia Z, Liu H, Ye Z, Sun L, Feng D, Liao W. Isolation and characterization of a hepatoprotective polysaccharide from Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd. fruit against APAP-induced acute liver injury mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133426. [PMID: 38936574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The structure and bioactivities of a novel polysaccharide from Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd. fruit (THP-3) were investigated. The crude polysaccharides of Turcz. ex Herd. (THP) were extracted by hot water extraction. After purification, the chemical structure of polysaccharides was identified. Then, a mouse model of acute drug-induced liver injury was constructed using 4-acetamidophenol (APAP) and pretreated with THP. The number-average molecular weight of THP-3 was 48.89 kDa and the mass average molar mass was 97.87 kDa. THP-3 was mainly composed of arabinose (42.54 %), glucose (27.62 %), galacturonic acid and galactose (29.84 %). The main linkage types of THP-3 were 1-linked Araf, 1,4-linked Glcp, and 1,3,6-linked Galp. In addition, after THP treatment, serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) in AILI mice were successfully down-regulated. The results showed that THP could prevent the characteristic morphological changes of hepatic lobular injury and lipid depletion caused by APAP, reduced the level of oxidative damage in mice, increased the expression of APAP-induced hypolipidemia and related inflammatory indicators, and improved the detoxification function of liver. In general, the newly extracted THP polysaccharide has a good liver protection effect and is an ideal natural medicine for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Xia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongji Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zichong Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linye Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Vasquez-Moscoso CA, Merlano JAR, Olivera Gálvez A, Volcan Almeida D. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from microalgae as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in aquaculture. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38970798 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2365357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The excessive use of conventional antibiotics has resulted in significant aquatic pollution and a concerning surge in drug-resistant bacteria. Efforts have been consolidated to explore and develop environmentally friendly antimicrobial alternatives to mitigate the imminent threat posed by multi-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained prominence due to their low propensity to induce bacterial resistance, attributed to their multiple mechanisms of action and synergistic effects. Microalgae, particularly cyanobacteria, have emerged as promising alternatives with antibiotic potential to address these challenges. The aim of this review is to present some AMPs extracted from microalgae, emphasizing their activity against common pathogens and elucidating their mechanisms of action, as well as their potential application in the aquaculture industry. Likewise, the biosynthesis, advantages and disadvantages of the use of AMPs are described. Currently, biotechnology tolls are used to enhance the action of these peptides, such as genetically modified microalgae and recombinant proteins. Cyanobacteria are also mentioned as major producers of peptides, among them, the genus Lyngbya is described as the most important producer of bioactive peptides with potential therapeutic use. The majority of cyanobacterial AMPs are of the cyclic type, meaning that they have cysteine and disulfide bridges, thanks to this, their greater antimicrobial activity and selectivity. Likewise, we found that large hydrophobic aromatic amino acid residues increase specificity, and improve antibacterial efficacy. However, based on the results of this review, it is possible to highlight that while microalgae show potential as a source of AMPs, further research in this field is necessary to achieve safe and competitive production. Therefore, the data presented here can aid in the selection of microalgal species, peptide structures, and target bacteria, with the goal of establishing biotechnological platforms for aquaculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Vasquez-Moscoso
- Grupo de Investigación sobre Reproducción y Toxicología de Organismos Acuáticos - GRITOX, Instituto de Acuicultura y Pesca de los Llanos- IALL, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Juan Antonio Ramírez Merlano
- Grupo de Investigación sobre Reproducción y Toxicología de Organismos Acuáticos - GRITOX, Instituto de Acuicultura y Pesca de los Llanos- IALL, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Alfredo Olivera Gálvez
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Yuan Q, Liang R, Lv K, Shi X, Leng J, Liu Y, Xiao J, Zhang L, Zhao L. Structural characterization of a Chlorella heteropolysaccharide by analyzing its depolymerized product and finding an inducer of human dendritic cell maturation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:122000. [PMID: 38494209 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Chlorella polysaccharides have been gaining increasing attention because of their high yield from dried Chlorella powder and their remarkable immunomodulatory activity. In this study, the major polysaccharide fraction, CPP-3a, in Chlorella pyrenoidosa, was isolated, and its detailed structure was investigated by analyzing the low-molecular-weight product prepared via free radical depolymerization. The results indicated that CPP-3a with a molecular weight of 195.2 kDa was formed by →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-D-Rhap-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→, →2,3)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and →2,3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ residues, branched at C2, C3, C4, or C6 of α/β-D-Galp and α-D-Manp, and terminated by α/β-L-Araf, α-L-Arap, α-D-Galp, and β-D-Glcp. Biological assays showed that CPP-3a significantly altered the dendritic morphology of immature dendritic cells (DCs). Enhanced CD80, CD86, and MHC I expression on the cell surface and decreased phagocytic ability indicated that CPP-3a could induce the maturation of DCs. Furthermore, CPP-3a-stimulated DCs not only stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cells and the secretion of IFN-γ, but also directly stimulated the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells through cross-antigen presentation. These findings indicate that CPP-3a can promote human DC maturation and T-cell stimulation and may be a novel DC maturation inducer with potential developmental value in DC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Rongyi Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Kunling Lv
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
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Li P, Jing Y, Qiu X, Xiao H, Zheng Y, Wu L. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Dioscotea opposita. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130734. [PMID: 38462105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The purified polysaccharides fraction, DOP-2, was prepared from Dioscorea opposita Thunb (D. opposita). This study combined in vitro and in vivo experiments to comprehensively investigate the index changes in RAW264.7 cells and immunocompromised mice under DOP-2 intervention, aiming to elucidate the potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of DOP-2. DOP-2 (10 ∼ 500 μg/mL) significantly elevated the levels of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) factors secreted by RAW264.7 cells, and restored the body weight of immunosuppressed mice and improve the degree of injury to the immune organ index, resulting in significant immunomodulatory effects. Notably, DOP-2 promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in immunosuppressed mice and modulated the composition of their gut microflora. These findings highlight the potential benefits of DOP-2 therapy in improving immune function and gut health, and will provide a theoretical basis for the application of D. opposita polysaccharides as an immunomodulatory adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Huina Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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5
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Guehaz K, Boual Z, Abdou I, Telli A, Belkhalfa H. Microalgae's polysaccharides, are they potent antioxidants? Critical review. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:14. [PMID: 38070019 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community continue to explore novel bioactive molecules by investigating natural origins; microalgae are photosynthetic organisms considered as a sustainable resource to use in many fields. They present a high diversity in species and richness in terms of attractive bio-compounds. The aim of this review is to (1) provide first an overview of current issues related to oxidative stress, and propose a natural metabolite derived from eukaryotic and prokaryotic microalgae; 'polysaccharides' as a powerful antioxidant agent, then, (2) organize the available data on the antioxidant potential of polysaccharides derived from the main microalgal groups (red microalgae, green microalgae, and cyanobacteria) and especially highlighted the key species of each group (Porphyridium sp., Chlorella sp., and Arthrospira sp., respectively), meanwhile, (3) we described the chemical composition of polysaccharides from each class, and (4) we cite briefly the most factors affecting the antioxidant activity of these molecules. Finally, we explored the major challenges and gaps found to require more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Guehaz
- Laboratory for the Protection of Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, FNSV, Kasdi Merbah University, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria.
| | - Zakaria Boual
- Laboratory for the Protection of Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, FNSV, Kasdi Merbah University, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Imene Abdou
- Higher National School of Renewable Energies, Environment and Sustainable Development, Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Alia Telli
- Laboratory for the Protection of Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, FNSV, Kasdi Merbah University, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Hakim Belkhalfa
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, 42000, Tipaza, Algeria
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6
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Yin K, Sheng J, Chen J, Gao F, Miao C, Liu D. Protective effect of phosphorylated Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching polysaccharide on vascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1213-1230. [PMID: 37550016 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare phosphorylated Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching polysaccharide (PPS) and investigate its protective effect on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) were used as phosphorylation reagents and PPS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR) and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (31 P NMR) spectra. Chemical analysis demonstrated that PPS was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose with a molar ratio of 11.36:0.42:4.03:1.12:1.81:0.26:33.25:24.12:6.85:14.46:2.32 and a molecular weight of 28,837 Da. Results from in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PPS protected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against H2 O2 -induced oxidative injury and attenuated D-galactose-induced VECs damage in mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between D-galactose-treated and PPS-pretreated mice abdominal aorta. A deep analysis of these DEGs disclosed that PPS regulated the expression of genes involved in the functions of vascular endothelium repairment, cell growth and proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and antioxidant, indicating that these biological processes might play crucial roles in the protective actions of PPS on VECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiwen Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changqing Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Bai C, Su F, Zhang W, Kuang H. A Systematic Review on the Research Progress on Polysaccharides from Fungal Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules 2023; 28:6816. [PMID: 37836659 PMCID: PMC10574063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a class of natural drugs with multiple components and significant therapeutic effects through multiple targets. It also originates from a wide range of sources containing plants, animals and minerals, and among them, plant-based Chinese medicine also includes fungi. Fungal traditional Chinese medicine is a medicinal resource with a long history and widespread application in China. Accumulating evidence confirms that polysaccharide is the main pharmacodynamic material on which fungal TCM is based. The purpose of the current systematic review is to summarize the extraction, isolation, structural identification, biological functions, quality control and medicinal and edible applications of polysaccharides from fungal TCM in the past three years. This paper will supplement and deepen the understanding and application of polysaccharides from fungal TCM, and propose some valuable insights for further research and development of drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.B.); (F.S.); (W.Z.)
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Laffargue T, Moulis C, Remaud-Simeon M. Phosphorylated polysaccharides: Applications, natural abundance, and new-to-nature structures generated by chemical and enzymatic functionalization. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108140. [PMID: 36958536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are foreseen as serious candidates for the future generation of polymers, as they are biosourced and biodegradable materials. Their functionalisation is an attractive way to modify their properties, thereby increasing their range of applications. Introduction of phosphate groups in polysaccharide chains for the stimulation of the immune system was first described in the nineteen seventies. Since then, the use of phosphorylated polysaccharides has been proposed in various domains, such as healthcare, water treatment, cosmetic, biomaterials, etc. These alternative usages capitalize on newly acquired physico-chemical or biological properties, leading to materials as diverse as flame-resistant agents or drug delivery systems. Phosphorylated polysaccharides are found in Nature and need to be extracted to assess their biological potential. However, they are not abundant, often present complex backbones hard to characterize, and most of them have a low phosphate content. These drawbacks have pushed forward the development of chemical phosphorylation employing a wide variety of phosphorylating agents to obtain polysaccharides with a large range of phosphate content. Chemical phosphorylation requires the use of harsh conditions and toxic, petroleum-based solvents, which hinders their exploitation in the food and health industry. Over the last 20 years, although enzymes are regiospecific catalysts that work in aqueous and mild conditions, enzymatic phosphorylation has been little investigated. To date, only three families of enzymes have been used for the in vitro phosphorylation of polysaccharides. Considering the number of unresolved metabolic pathways leading to phosphorylated polysaccharides, the huge diversity of kinase sequences, and the recent progress in protein engineering one can envision native and engineered kinases as promising tools for polysaccharide phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Laffargue
- Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 04, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 04, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 04, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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Cao S, Yang Y, Liu S, Shao Z, Chu X, Mao W. Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo of a Sulfated Polysaccharide with Novel Structure from the Green Alga Ulvaconglobata Kjellman. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070447. [PMID: 35877740 PMCID: PMC9320874 DOI: 10.3390/md20070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae accumulate large amounts of polysaccharides in their cell walls or intercellular regions. Polysaccharides from algae possess high potential as promising candidates for marine drug development. In this study, a sulfated polysaccharide, UCP, from the green alga Ulva conglobata Kjellman was obtained by water extraction, anion-exchange, and size-exclusion chromatography purification, and its structure was characterized by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. UCP mainly consisted of →4)-α/β-l-Rhap-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→ and →4)-β-d-GlcAp-(1→ residues. Sulfate ester groups were substituted mainly at C-3 of →4)-l-Rhap-(1→ and C-2 of →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→. Partial glycosylation was at C-2 of →4)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ residues. UCP possessed a potent immunomodulatory effect in vitro, evaluated by the assays of lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis. The immunomodulatory activity of UCP in vivo was further investigated using immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide. The results showed that UCP markedly increased the spleen and thymus indexes and ameliorated the cyclophosphamide-induced damage to the spleen and thymus. UCP could increase the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets, and improve the hematopoietic inhibition caused by cyclophosphamide. Moreover, UCP significantly promoted the secretions of the immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgE, and IgM. The data demonstrated that UCP is a novel sulfated polysaccharide and may be a promising immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujian Cao
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Z.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Yajing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Z.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Z.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhuling Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Z.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Z.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Z.S.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-1560
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10
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Halaj M, Matulová M, Capek P. Structural features of biologically active extracellular polysaccharide produced by green microalgae Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:152-161. [PMID: 35667459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange chromatography of the biologically active extracellular biopolymer produced by D. chlorelloides yielded ten fractions differing in yield, protein content, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution. Their sugar compositional analyses showed rhamnogalactans, substituted to different extent by mannose and glucose, as a dominant EPS component in all fractions (91 %) except one containing arabinogalactan (7 %). In highly branched rhamnogalactans the quantity of linear (1,3-; 1,4- and 1,6-linked) and branched β-D-galactose units (1,3,6-, 1,4,6- and 1,3,4,6-linked) was nearly equal. From various α-L-rhamnose linkages the 1,2,4-linkage was dominant. Data indicate a rhamnogalactan backbone of EPS, branched by terminal mannose and glucose units, and a lot of O-methylated derivatives of galactose residues (2-O-methyl, 2,3-O-dimethyl, 3-O-methyl and 6-O-methyl). In individual fractions their content and type varied. Detail study of the arabinogalactan showed that its backbone consists of 1,3-linked β-D-Galp units; some of them are branched through O-4 by 6-OMe-α-D-Galp- (1 → 2) -α-L-Araf side chain, other through O-6 by 3-OMe-β-D-Galp, 6-OMe-β-D-Galp, β-D-Galp and β-D-Galf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Halaj
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Matulová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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11
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Zhang J, Wang W, Li L, Yan J. Modulatory effects of polysaccharides from plants, marine algae and edible mushrooms on gut microbiota and related health benefits: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:169-192. [PMID: 35122806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers containing non-starch polysaccharides (NPs) are a class of biomacromolecules isolated from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms, and their biological activities has shown potential uses in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Importantly, NPs serve as prebiotics to provide health benefits to the host through stimulating the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The composition and diversity of GM play a critical role in regulating host health and have been extensively studied in recent years. In this review, the extraction, isolation, purification, and structural characterization of NPs derived from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms are outlined. Importantly, the degradation and metabolism of these NPs in the intestinal tract, the effects of NPs on the microbial community and SCFAs generation, and the beneficial effects of NPs on host health by modulating GM are systematically highlighted. Overall, we hope that this review can provide some theoretical references and a new perspective for applications of NPs as prebiotics in functional food and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jingkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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12
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Tian J, Zhang C, Wang X, Rui X, Zhang Q, Chen X, Dong M, Li W. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of intracellular polysaccharide from the mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110515. [PMID: 34399493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two intracellular polysaccharide fractions (IPS1 and IPS2) were obtained from the mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213, and the structures were conducted. Results showed that they were homogenous with the average molecular weight of 2.40 × 106 Da and 6.79 × 105 Da. Two fractions were composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with molar ratios of 1.35: 6.93: 1.0 and 2.04: 1.0: 1.87, respectively. The backbone of IPS1 was → 4)-α-D-Glcp (1 → and → 3,4)-α-D-Manp (1 → residues with a side chain consisted of T-α-D-Galp. IPS2 was consisted of → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Manp-(1 → and → 2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1 → residues and the branches were also consisted of T-α-D-Galp. In addition, the scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope images presented different features of IPS1 and IPS2, respectively. Furthermore, two fractions exhibited better immunomodulatory effects. They could markedly promote the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells and enhance phagocytosis, nitric oxide release and cytokines production. These results indicated that IPS1 and IPS2 had potential to enhance immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Cangping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xin Rui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Qiuqin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
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13
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Sun Y, Huo J, Zhong S, Zhu J, Li Y, Li X. Chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity of a branched polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus baumii. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118214. [PMID: 34127216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus baumii is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastroenteritis. In this study, a 46 kDa heteropolysaccharide SHPS-1 was isolated from fruiting bodies of P. baumii. SHPS-1 consisted of arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 2.2:15.7:49.3:32.8. SHPS-1 had a backbone containing 1,3-linked β-D-Glcp and 1,6-linked α-D-Galp residues, and Araf, Manp and Galp units were attached as oligosaccharidic side chains to the backbone at C-6 of some glucopyranoses. SHPS-1 decreased phosphorylation level of STAT-1 and expression levels of STAT-1 targeted genes such as iNOS and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, SHPS-1 promoted the expression of IL-10 and macrophage mannose receptor CD 206, markers of tissue repairing macrophages. SHPS-1 alleviated ulcerative colitis in mice by decreasing pro-inflammatory genes and increasing anti-inflammatory and tissue repairing genes. Collectively, SHPS-1 polysaccharide from P. baumii had anti-inflammatory activity and can potentially treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jinxi Huo
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shi Zhong
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yougui Li
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Yangzhou Borui Saccharide Biotech Co., Ltd, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Dürwald A, Zühlke MK, Schlüter R, Gebbe R, Bartosik D, Unfried F, Becher D, Schweder T. Reaching out in anticipation: bacterial membrane extensions represent a permanent investment in polysaccharide sensing and utilization. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3149-3163. [PMID: 33876569 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane extensions are common in many marine bacteria. However, the function of these surface enlargements or extracellular compartments is poorly understood. Using a combined approach of microscopy and subproteome analyses, we therefore examined Pseudoalteromonas distincta ANT/505, an Antarctic polysaccharide degrading gamma-proteobacterium. P. distincta produced outer membrane vesicles (MV) and vesicle chains (VC) on polysaccharide and non-polysaccharide carbon sources during the exponential and stationary growth phase. Surface structures of carbohydrate-grown cells were equipped with increased levels of highly substrate-specific proteins. At the same time, proteins encoded in all other polysaccharide degradation-related genomic regions were also detected in MV and VC samples under all growth conditions, indicating a basal expression. In addition, two alkaline phosphatases were highly abundant under non-limiting phosphate conditions. Surface structures may thus allow rapid sensing and fast responses in nutritionally deprived environments. It may also facilitate efficient carbohydrate processing and reduce loss of substrates and enzymes by diffusion as important adaptions to the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dürwald
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Marie-Katherin Zühlke
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany.,Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Rebecca Gebbe
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Frank Unfried
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany.,Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, 17489, Germany.,Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany.,Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
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15
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Xie X, Shen W, Zhou Y, Ma L, Xu D, Ding J, He L, Shen B, Zhou C. Characterization of a polysaccharide from Eupolyphaga sinensis walker and its effective antitumor activity via lymphocyte activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Isolation, structures and biological activities of polysaccharides from Chlorella: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2199-2209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Huang H, Huang G. Extraction, separation, modification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of plant polysaccharides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1209-1222. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology of Hubei Province Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan PR China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing PR China
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18
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Kakar MU, Kakar IU, Mehboob MZ, Zada S, Soomro H, Umair M, Iqbal I, Umer M, Shaheen S, Syed SF, Deng Y, Dai R. A review on polysaccharides from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds, their extraction, modification, structure, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117113. [PMID: 33183585 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch (ASK) is an important member of Compositae (Asteraceae) family. Its seeds have been widely used as traditional medicine and to improve the quality of food. Water soluble and water insoluble polysaccharides are found in the seeds of this plant. Research has been conducted on the extraction of polysaccharides, their modification and determination of their structure. To date different techniques for extraction purposes have been applied which are reviewed here. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesogenic, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities have been explored using in vivo and in vitro methods. Moreover, these polysaccharides have been used as packaging material and as a sensing component for monitoring the freshness of packaged food. Some experimental results have shown that the quality of foods is also improved by using them as a food additive. We have also indicated some of the potential areas that are needed to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Ullah Kakar
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China; Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah Kakar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Mehboob
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interaction, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shah Zada
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | | | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Iqbal
- Department of Information and Computational Sciences, School of Mathematical Sciences and LMAM, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Shaheen
- Department of Higher Education, Government Girls Degree College Lakki Marwat, City Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Faraz Syed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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19
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Capek P, Matulová M, Šutovská M, Barboríková J, Molitorisová M, Kazimierová I. Chlorella vulgaris α-L-arabino-α-L-rhamno-α,β-D-galactan structure and mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:188-198. [PMID: 32565301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are given great attention due to their potential biotechnology applications. Purified C. vulgaris EPS was subjected to compositional and sugar linkage analyses, and partial acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysate separation by gel chromatography afforded oligosaccharide fractions. Both, EPS and oligomers were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Data suggest very complex highly branched α-L-arabino-α-L-rhamno-α,β-D-galactan structure. Backbone repeating unit is formed by →2)-α-L-Rha (1 → 3)-α-L-Rha(1 → sequence, highly branched by long 1,6-linked α-D-Galp side chains, further branched at C2, C3 or C4 by α-L-Araf, α-D-Galf and β-D-Galf residues. α-L-Araf form longer 1,2-linked chains branched at C3, C4 or C5. Galf residues are localized as terminal units predominantly in the β configuration, while α-D-Galp and α-L-Araf may be partially O-methylated. Ex vivo biological assays showed increased interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) levels corresponding to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) decrease in guinea pig model experimental asthma. These facts point to the anti-remodelling effect of Chlorella EPS and suggest its possible application in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mária Matulová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šutovská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Barboríková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Molitorisová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kazimierová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Mala Hora 11161/4B, Martin, 03601, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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20
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The antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of phosphorylated polysaccharide from Ulva pertusa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:1059-1065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Ferreira AS, Ferreira SS, Correia A, Vilanova M, Silva TH, Coimbra MA, Nunes C. Reserve, structural and extracellular polysaccharides of Chlorella vulgaris: A holistic approach. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Effects of Chlorella vulgaris polysaccharides accumulation on growth characteristics of Trachemys scripta elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1304-1313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Barboríková J, Šutovská M, Kazimierová I, Jošková M, Fraňová S, Kopecký J, Capek P. Extracellular polysaccharide produced by Chlorella vulgaris - Chemical characterization and anti-asthmatic profile. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:1-11. [PMID: 31121228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are the lowest plant organisms producing a wide range of metabolites that make them interesting organisms for industrial applications. Cultivation of green microalgal species Chlorella vulgaris resulted a significant production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Preliminary chemico-spectroscopic studies on EPS revealed its molecular profile, a complex primary structure consisting of six monosaccharide units occurring in both furano and pyrano forms, a high sugar binding variability and the presence of partially methylated derivatives of some sugar constituents. Biological activity tests showed that EPS caused significant bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory and antitussive effects in test animals. Chlorella EPS appears to be a promising agent for the prevention of chronic airway inflammation, which is the basic pathogenic mechanism of many respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Barboríková
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šutovská
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kazimierová
- Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marta Jošková
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Fraňová
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jiří Kopecký
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Treboň, Czechia
| | - Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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24
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Ciliberti MG, Albenzio M, Francavilla M, Neglia G, Esposito L, Caroprese M. Extracts from Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E45. [PMID: 30704147 PMCID: PMC6406596 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of the unsaponified fraction (UP), the acetylated unsaponified fraction (AUP), and the total lipid fraction (TL) extracted and purified from Chlorella sorokiniana (CS) on the proliferation and cytokine profile of sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cells were cultured with 0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL concentrations of each extract (UP, AUP, and TL fractions) and activated with 5 μg/mL concanavalin A (ConA) and 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 37 °C for 24 h. PBMCs cultured with ConA and LPS represented the stimulated cells (SC), and PBMCs without ConA and LPS represented the unstimulated cells (USC). Cell-free supernatants were collected to determine IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretions; on cells, measurement of proliferation was performed. All the extracts tested significantly decreased the cell proliferation; in particular, the UP fraction at 0.4 mg/mL showed the lowest proliferative response. Furthermore, at 0.8 mg/mL, the UP fraction enhanced IL-10 secretion. On the contrary, the TL fraction at 0.4 mg/mL induced an increase in IL-10, IL-6, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1β secretions by cells. The AUP fraction did not change cytokine secretion. The results demonstrated that CS extracts could be useful ingredients in animal feed in order to minimize the use of antibiotics by modulating cell proliferation and cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Francavilla
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, V. F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, V. F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
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25
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Halaj M, Paulovičová E, Paulovičová L, Jantová S, Cepák V, Lukavský J, Capek P. Extracellular biopolymers produced by Dictyosphaerium family - Chemical and immunomodulative properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1254-1263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Apone F, Barbulova A, Colucci MG. Plant and Microalgae Derived Peptides Are Advantageously Employed as Bioactive Compounds in Cosmetics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:756. [PMID: 31244874 PMCID: PMC6581726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BP) are specific protein fragments that are physiologically important for most living organisms. It is proven that in humans they are involved in a wide range of therapeutic activities as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-tumoral, anti-proliferative, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-inflammatory. In plants, BP are involved in the defense response, as well as in the cellular signaling and the development regulation. Most of the peptides used as ingredients in health-promoting foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical preparations are obtained by chemical synthesis or by partial digestion of animal proteins. This makes them not fully accepted by the consumers because of the risks associated with solvent contamination or the use of animal derived substances. On the other hand, plant and microalgae derived peptides are known to be selective, effective, safe, and well tolerated once consumed, thus they have got a great potential for use in functional foods, drugs, and cosmetic products. In fact, the interest in the plant and microalgae derived BP is rapidly increasing and in this review, we highlight and discuss the current knowledge about their studies and applications in the cosmetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Apone
- Arterra Bioscience srl, Naples, Italy
- Vitalab srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Ani Barbulova
- Arterra Bioscience srl, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ani Barbulova,
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Halaj M, Matulová M, Šutovská M, Barboríková J, Kazimierová I, Fraňová S, Přibyl P, Cepák V, Lukavský J, Capek P. Chemico-physical and pharmacodynamic properties of extracellular Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides biopolymer. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:215-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Halaj M, Paulovičová E, Paulovičová L, Jantová S, Cepák V, Lukavský J, Capek P. Biopolymer of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides - chemical characterization and biological effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:1248-1257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Synthesis and structural features of phosphorylated Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Han W, Li J, Ding Y, Xiong S, Zhao S. Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2403-2410. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Han
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education); Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing; Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology; Changsha 410004 China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education); Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing; Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology; Changsha 410004 China
| | - Yuqin Ding
- Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing; Central South Univ. of Forestry and Technology; Changsha 410004 China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education); Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Siming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education); Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
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31
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Potential mechanism of protection effect of exopolysaccharide from Lachnum YM406 and its derivatives on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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32
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Effects of Chlorella vulgaris on tumor growth in mammary tumor-bearing Balb/c mice: discussing association of an immune-suppressed protumor microenvironment with serum IFNγ and IgG decrease and spleen IgG potentiation. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1025-1044. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Qi J, Kim SM. Characterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides extracted from green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Wells ML, Potin P, Craigie JS, Raven JA, Merchant SS, Helliwell KE, Smith AG, Camire ME, Brawley SH. Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2016; 29:949-982. [PMID: 28458464 PMCID: PMC5387034 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for macroalgal and microalgal foods is growing, and algae are increasingly being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and health. There is substantial evidence for the health benefits of algal-derived food products, but there remain considerable challenges in quantifying these benefits, as well as possible adverse effects. First, there is a limited understanding of nutritional composition across algal species, geographical regions, and seasons, all of which can substantially affect their dietary value. The second issue is quantifying which fractions of algal foods are bioavailable to humans, and which factors influence how food constituents are released, ranging from food preparation through genetic differentiation in the gut microbiome. Third is understanding how algal nutritional and functional constituents interact in human metabolism. Superimposed considerations are the effects of harvesting, storage, and food processing techniques that can dramatically influence the potential nutritive value of algal-derived foods. We highlight this rapidly advancing area of algal science with a particular focus on the key research required to assess better the health benefits of an alga or algal product. There are rich opportunities for phycologists in this emerging field, requiring exciting new experimental and collaborative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Wells
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Philippe Potin
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique Roscoff, CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - James S. Craigie
- National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - John A. Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee (James Hutton Inst), Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Sabeeha S. Merchant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr., East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Katherine E. Helliwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA UK
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB UK
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA UK
| | - Mary Ellen Camire
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Susan H. Brawley
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
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Han M, Du C, Xu ZY, Qian H, Zhang WG. Rheological properties of phosphorylated exopolysaccharide produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:603-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tabarsa M, Shin IS, Lee JH, Surayot U, Park W, You S. An immune-enhancing water-soluble α-glucan from Chlorella vulgaris and structural characteristics. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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37
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Ferreira SS, Passos CP, Madureira P, Vilanova M, Coimbra MA. Structure-function relationships of immunostimulatory polysaccharides: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:378-96. [PMID: 26256362 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory polysaccharides are compounds capable of interacting with the immune system and enhance specific mechanisms of the host response. Glucans, mannans, pectic polysaccharides, arabinogalactans, fucoidans, galactans, hyaluronans, fructans, and xylans are polysaccharides with reported immunostimulatory activity. The structural features that have been related with such activity are the monosaccharide and glycosidic-linkage composition, conformation, molecular weight, functional groups, and branching characteristics. However, the establishment of structure-function relationships is possible only if purified and characterized polysaccharides are used and selective structural modifications performed. Aiming at contributing to the definition of the structure-function relationships necessary to design immunostimulatory polysaccharides with potential for preventive or therapeutical purposes or to be recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods, this review introduces basic immunological concepts required to understand the mechanisms that rule the potential claimed immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides and critically presents a literature survey on the structural features of the polysaccharides and reported immunostimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia S Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia P Passos
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Madureira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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38
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Zhao H, Wang J, Lv F, Bie X, Lu Z. Chemical characterization and antitumor activity of an exopolysaccharide from Pholiota Squarrosa Quel. AS 5.245. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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39
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Ma J, Mo H, Chen Y, Ding D, Hu L. Inhibition of aflatoxin synthesis in Aspergillus flavus by three structurally modified lentinans. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3860-70. [PMID: 24599078 PMCID: PMC3975372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical properties of β-glucans leading to their inhibition on aflatoxin (AF) production by Aspergillus flavus remain unclear. In this study, structurally modified lentinan derivatives were prepared by carboxymethylation, sulfation, and phosphorylation to explore their inhibition activity to AF synthesis. The results demonstrated that inhibitory activity of lentinan decreased at higher or lower concentrations than 200 μg/mL. Compared with lentinan, the sulphated derivatives only performed a reduced optimal inhibition rate at a higher concentration. The phosphorylated derivatives achieved complete inhibition of AF production at 50 μg/mL, but the inhibitory activity was attenuated with an increase of concentration. The minimum concentration of carboxymethylated derivatives to completely inhibit AF synthesis was the same as that of the original lentinan, whereas their inhibition activity was not reduced at the increasing concentration. RT-PCR analyses were conducted to understand the effects of lentinan and its carboxymethylated derivatives on the transcription of certain genes associated with AF biosynthesis. The results showed that lentinan delayed the transcription of aflQ, whereas its carboxymethylated derivatives promoted the transcriptions of all the tested genes. Our results revealed that some chemical group features apart from the β-bond could play the vital role in the prevention of AF formation by polysaccharide, and highlighted the structural modifications which could promote its practicability in the control of aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Ma
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science & Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Haizhen Mo
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science & Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science & Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Food Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, China.
| | - Liangbin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science & Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
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40
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Chuang HH, Cheng CY, Chen YT, Shaw JF. Novel highly active recombinant glutaredoxin from Chlorella sorokiniana T-89. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:927-933. [PMID: 24377422 DOI: 10.1021/jf405213h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase that maintains the cellular thiol/disulfide ratio. A 321 bp cDNA fragment encoding a putative Grx (named CsT-89Grx) was cloned from heat-tolerant Chlorella sorokiniana T-89 and expressed in an Escherichia coli system. The sequence analysis of CsT-89Grx and site-directed mutations showed that the putative active site within the CPYC motif belonged to the dithiol superfamily. The biochemical property analyses showed that the optimal pH and temperature of CsT-89Grx are pH 8.5 and 50 °C, respectively. The activity of CsT-89Grx showed high thermal stability (retained 70% activity at 80 °C for 30 min) and broad pH stability (retained over 70% activity for 1 h) ranging from pH 3 to 11. The kinetic parameter kcat/Km was 20,982 min(-1) mM(-1), which suggested that CsT-89Grx exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency in reducing the disulfide bond among all the Grx reported in the related literature and is therefore potentially useful for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Han Chuang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
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41
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Zhuang X, Zhang D, Qin W, Deng J, Shan H, Tao L, Li Y. A comparison on the preparation of hot water extracts from Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CPEs) and radical scavenging and macrophage activation effects of CPEs. Food Funct 2014; 5:3252-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hot water extract ofChlorella pyrenoidosa, prepared under high-pressure, was effective atin vitrofree radical scavenging and macrophage growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Life and Environment Sciences
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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42
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Guo Y, Pan D, Sun Y, Xin L, Li H, Zeng X. Antioxidant activity of phosphorylated exopolysaccharide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:849-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Hedrich R, Machill S, Brunner E. Biomineralization in diatoms—phosphorylated saccharides are part of Stephanopyxis turris biosilica. Carbohydr Res 2013; 365:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Sui Z, Gizaw Y, BeMiller JN. Extraction of polysaccharides from a species of Chlorella. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Li Q, Xie Y, Su J, Ye Q, Jia Z. Isolation and structural characterization of a neutral polysaccharide from the stems of Dendrobium densiflorum. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:1207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Mišurcová L, Škrovánková S, Samek D, Ambrožová J, Machů L. Health benefits of algal polysaccharides in human nutrition. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 66:75-145. [PMID: 22909979 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394597-6.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interest in functional food, both freshwater and marine algal products with their possible promotional health effects, increases also in regions where algae are considered as rather exotic food. Increased attention about algae as an abundant source of many nutrients and dietary fiber from the nutrition point of view, as well as from the scientific approaches to explore new nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, is based on the presence of many bioactive compounds including polysaccharides extracted from algal matter. Diverse chemical composition of dietary fiber polysaccharides is responsible for their different physicochemical properties, such as their ability to be fermented by the human colonic microbiota resulted in health benefit effects. Fundamental seaweed polysaccharides are presented by alginates, agars, carrageenans, ulvanes, and fucoidans, which are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and also in other branches of industry. Moreover, freshwater algae and seaweed polysaccharides have emerged as an important source of bioactive natural compounds which are responsible for their possible physiological effects. Especially, sulfate polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities including anti-HIV infection, herpes, and hepatitis viruses. Generally, biological activity of sulfate polysaccharides is related to their different composition and mainly to the extent of the sulfation of their molecules. Significant attention has been recently focused on the use of both freshwater algae and seaweed for developing functional food by reason of a great variety of nutrients that are essential for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislava Mišurcová
- Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic.
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47
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Roslund MU, Säwén E, Landström J, Rönnols J, Jonsson KM, Lundborg M, Svensson MV, Widmalm G. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of polysaccharides using the computer program casper. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1311-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Chen CL, Liou SF, Chen SJ, Shih MF. Protective effects of Chlorella-derived peptide on UVB-induced production of MMP-1 and degradation of procollagen genes in human skin fibroblasts. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 60:112-9. [PMID: 21397653 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UV exposure is known to induce premature aging, which is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity. MMP-1 mRNA expression is up-regulated by elevated cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) via action of transcription factor AP-1. Collagen is degraded by MMP-1 activity but synthesized by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal. Chlorella has been shown to inhibit UVB-induced MMP-1 level, however its regulatory molecular mechanisms have not been studied. In this study, Chlorella derived peptide (CDP) was added to skin fibroblasts after UVB irradiation and the expression of MMP-1, CYR61, procollagen, c-fos, c-jun, and TGF-β receptor (TbRII) mRNA and MCP-1 production were investigated. CDP (10 or 5mg/ml) diminished UVB-induced MMP-1 and CYR61 mRNA expression and MCP-1 production, whereas, UVB-suppressed procollagen and TbRII mRNA was restored by CDP treatment. UVB-induced c-fos and c-jun expressions were also inhibited by the CDP treatment. Taken together, CDP inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in skin fibroblasts by suppressing expression of AP-1 and CYR61 and MCP-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Lan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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49
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Cherng J, Liu C, Shen C, Lin H, Shih M. Beneficial Effects of Chlorella-11 Peptide on Blocking LPS-Induced Macrophage Activation and Alleviating Thermal Injury-Induced Inflammation in Rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:811-20. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella possesses various remarkable biological activities. One component, Val-Glu-Cys-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Asn-Arg-Pro-Gln-Phe ( Chlorella-11 peptide) was found to be able to suppress LPS-induced NO production and inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism behind these findings and the consistency between in vitro and in vivo data have not been investigated. LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were used to study in vitro molecular anti-inflammatory effects of Chlorella-11 peptide. After activation, NO production and the expression of iNOS and NF-κB proteins as well as iNOS mRNA were measured using Griess colorimetric assay, Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Alterations in PGE2 and TNF-α contents were also monitored by ELISA. For in vivo studies, thermal injury Wistar rats were used and inflammatory indications e.g. serum malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α levels and skin erythema were evaluated 48 h after injury implementation. In vitro results showed that Chlorella-11 peptide produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition on NO production. The effective inhibition could remain for at least 6 h after LPS activation. It was also found that the expression of LPS-induced iNOS mRNA, iNOS and NF-κB proteins were diminished by the peptide treatment. Concurrently, the levels on TNF-α and PGE2 production after LPS activation were also inhibited. These findings are in agreement with the in vivo data that animal serum MDA and TNF-α levels and skin erythema in rats were considerably reduced compared to the control group (saline-treated). The significance of this study sheds light on the effectiveness of Chlorella-11 peptide in preventing inflammation progression in vitro and in vivo and its potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C.C. Liu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science
| | - C.R. Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Lab Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - H.H. Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - M.F. Shih
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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