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Yang L, Qu M, Wang Z, Huang S, Wang Q, Wei M, Li F, Yang D, Pan L. Biochemical Properties of a Novel Cold-Adapted GH19 Chitinase with Three Chitin-Binding Domains from Chitinilyticum aquatile CSC-1 and Its Potential in Biocontrol of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19581-19593. [PMID: 39190598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
GH19 (glycoside hydrolase 19) chitinases play crucial roles in the enzymatic conversion of chitin and biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. Herein, a novel multifunctional chitinase of GH19 (CaChi19A), which contains three chitin-binding domains (ChBDs), was successfully cloned from Chitinilyticum aquatile CSC-1 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. We also generated truncated mutants of CaChi19A_ΔI, CaChi19A_ΔIΔII, and CaChi19A_CatD consisting of two ChBDs and a catalytic domain, one ChBD and a catalytic domain, and only a catalytic domain, respectively. CaChi19A, CaChi19A_ΔI, CaChi19A_ΔIΔII, and CaChi19A_CatD exhibited cold adaptation, as their relative enzyme activities at 5 °C were 40.7, 51.6, 66.2, and 82.6%, respectively. Compared with CaChi19A and other variants, CaChi19A_ΔIΔII demonstrated a higher level of stability below 50 °C and retained relatively high activity over a wide pH range of 5-12. Analysis of the hydrolysis products revealed that CaChi19A and CaChi19A_ΔIΔII exhibit exoacting, endoacting, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activities toward colloidal chitin. Furthermore, CaChi19A and CaChi19A_ΔIΔII exhibited inhibitory effects on the hyphal growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium redolens, Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium solani, and Coniothyrium diplodiella, thereby illustrating effective biocontrol activity. These results indicated that CaChi19A and CaChi19A_ΔIΔII show advantages in some applications where low temperatures were demanded in industries as well as the biocontrol of fungal diseases in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Mingbo Qu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shiyong Huang
- Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Maochun Wei
- Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, China
| | - Fei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lixia Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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Asif A, Ishtiaq S, Kamran SH, Youssef FS, Lashkar MO, Ahmed SA, Ashour ML. UHPLC-QTOF-MS Metabolic Profiling of Marchantia polymorpha and Evaluation of Its Hepatoprotective Activity Using Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19037-19046. [PMID: 37273612 PMCID: PMC10233839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marchantia species were traditionally used to treat liver failure. Marchantia polymorpha chloroform extract showed a marked hepatoprotective activity in a dose-dependent manner in paracetamol-induced extensive liver damage in mice. At a dose of 500 mg/kg (MP-500), it resulted in a reduction in aspartate transaminase by 49.44%, alanine transaminase by 44.11%, and alkaline phosphatase by 24.4% with significant elevation in total proteins by 58.69% with respect to the diseased group. It showed significant reductions in total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL, total lipids, and to high density lipoprotein ratio (CH/HDL) by 53.42, 30.14, 35.02, 45.79, 34.74, 41.45, and 49.52%, respectively, together with a 37.69% increase in HDL with respect to the diseased group. It also showed an elevation of superoxide dismutase by 28.09% and in glutathione peroxidase by 81.83% in addition to the reduction of lipid peroxidation by 17.95% as compared to the paracetamol only treated group. This was further supported by histopathological examination that showed normal liver architecture and a normal sinusoidal gap. Metabolic profiling by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) led to the tentative identification of 28 compounds belonging to phenols, quinolones, phenylpropanoid, acylaminosugars, terpenoids, lipids, and fatty acids to which the activity was attributed. Four compounds were detected in the negative ionization mode which are neoacrimarine J, marchantin A, chitobiose, and phellodensin F, while the rest were detected in the positive mode. Thus, it can be concluded that this plant could serve as a valuable choice for the treatment of hepatotoxicity that further consolidated its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asif
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Manar O. Lashkar
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
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Thakur D, Chauhan A, Jhilta P, Kaushal R, Dipta B. Microbial chitinases and their relevance in various industries. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:29-53. [PMID: 35972681 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose, is composed of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. It is widely distributed in nature, especially as a structural polysaccharide in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and nematodes. However, the principal commercial source of chitin is the shells of marine or freshwater invertebrates. Microbial chitinases are largely responsible for chitin breakdown in nature, and they play an important role in the ecosystem's carbon and nitrogen balance. Several microbial chitinases have been characterized and are gaining prominence for their applications in various sectors. The current review focuses on chitinases of microbial origin, their diversity, and their characteristics. The applications of chitinases in several industries such as agriculture, food, the environment, and pharmaceutical sectors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Thakur
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prakriti Jhilta
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kaushal
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Dipta
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Akram F, Akram R, Ikram Ul Haq, Nawaz A, Jabbar Z, Ahmed Z. Biotechnological Eminence of Chitinases: A Focus on Thermophilic Enzyme Sources, Production Strategies and Prominent Applications. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1009-1022. [PMID: 33602064 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666210218215359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is a constantly valuable and renewable raw material after cellulose. Due to advancement in technology, industrial interest has grown to take advantage of the chitin. OBJECTIVE Now, biomass is being treated with diverse microbial enzymes or cells for the production of desired products under best industrial conditions. Glycosidic bonds in chitin structure are degraded by chitinase enzymes, which are characterized into number of glycoside hydrolase (GHs) families. METHODS Thermophilic microorganisms are remarkable sources of industrially important thermostable enzymes, having ability to survive harsh industrial processing conditions. Thermostable chitinases have an edge over mesophilic chitinases as they can hydrolyse the substrate at relatively high temperatures and exhibit decreased viscosity, significantly reduced contamination risk, thermal and chemical stability and increased solubility. Various methods are employed to purify the enzyme and increase its yield by optimizing various parameters such as temperature, pH, agitation, and by investigating the effect of different chemicals and metal ions etc. Results: Thermostable chitinase enzymes show high specific activity at elevated temperature which distinguish them from mesophiles. Genetic engineering can be used for further improvement of natural chitinases, and unlimited potential for the production of thermophilic chitinases has been highlighted due to advancement in synthetic biological techniques. Thermostable chitinases are then used in different fields such as bioremediation, medicine, agriculture and pharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION This review will provide information about chitinases, biotechnological potential of thermostable enzyme and the methods by which they are being produced and optimized for several industrial applications. Some of the applications of thermostable chitinases have also been briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
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Symbiotic chitin degradation by a novel anaerobic thermophilic bacterium Hydrogenispora sp. UUS1-1 and the bacterium Tepidanaerobacter sp. GT38. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 144:109740. [PMID: 33541575 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant organic compound in nature. Although mesophilic bacteria degrade insoluble chitin, there is a paucity of data describing degradation of insoluble chitin by anaerobic thermophilic bacteria. In this report, we screened cow manure compost for new chitin degradation systems, and identified a chitinolytic bacterial community (CBC) that showed high chitin degradation activity under thermophilic conditions, i.e., 1% (w/v) chitin powder degraded completely within 7 days at 60 °C. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the CBC was dominated by two bacterial genera from Hydrogenispora, an uncultured taxonomic group, and Tepidanaerobacter. Hydrogenispora were abundant in the early-to-mid stages of culturing with chitin, whereas the population of Tepidanaerobacter increased during the later stages of culturing. Strains UUS1-1 and GT38, which were isolated as pure cultures using the roll-tube method with colloidal chitin, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and glucose as carbon sources, were found to be closely related to H. ethanolica and T. acetatoxydans, respectively. Strain UUS1-1 readily degraded chitin and is the first anaerobic thermophilic chitinolytic bacterium reported, whereas strain GT38 showed no chitinolytic activity. Based on phylogenetic analysis, UUS1-1 and GT38 should be classified as novel genera and species. Zymogram analysis revealed that UUS1-1 produces at least two chitinases with molecular weights of 150 and 40 kDa. A coculture of UUS1-1 and GT38 degraded crystalline chitin faster with lower accumulation of lactate compared with UUS1-1 alone, indicating that the strains maintained a symbiotic association through assimilation of organic acids in chitin degradation and that strain GT38 consumed end-products to reduce end-product inhibition and enhance the degradation of crystalline chitin.
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Preparation of Defined Chitosan Oligosaccharides Using Chitin Deacetylases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217835. [PMID: 33105791 PMCID: PMC7660110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, detailed studies using well-defined 'second generation' chitosans have amply proved that both their material properties and their biological activities are dependent on their molecular structure, in particular on their degree of polymerisation (DP) and their fraction of acetylation (FA). Recent evidence suggests that the pattern of acetylation (PA), i.e., the sequence of acetylated and non-acetylated residues along the linear polymer, is equally important, but chitosan polymers with defined, non-random PA are not yet available. One way in which the PA will influence the bioactivities of chitosan polymers is their enzymatic degradation by sequence-dependent chitosan hydrolases present in the target tissues. The PA of the polymer substrates in conjunction with the subsite preferences of the hydrolases determine the type of oligomeric products and the kinetics of their production and further degradation. Thus, the bioactivities of chitosan polymers will at least in part be carried by the chitosan oligomers produced from them, possibly through their interaction with pattern recognition receptors in target cells. In contrast to polymers, partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (paCOS) can be fully characterised concerning their DP, FA, and PA, and chitin deacetylases (CDAs) with different and known regio-selectivities are currently emerging as efficient tools to produce fully defined paCOS in quantities sufficient to probe their bioactivities. In this review, we describe the current state of the art on how CDAs can be used in forward and reverse mode to produce all of the possible paCOS dimers, trimers, and tetramers, most of the pentamers and many of the hexamers. In addition, we describe the biotechnological production of the required fully acetylated and fully deacetylated oligomer substrates, as well as the purification and characterisation of the paCOS products.
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Shahbaz U, Yu X. Cloning, isolation, and characterization of novel chitinase-producing bacterial strain UM01 (Myxococcus fulvus). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:45. [PMID: 32865699 PMCID: PMC7458996 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin is an important biopolymer next to cellulose, extracted in the present study. The exoskeleton of marine bycatch brachyuran crabs, namely Calappa lophos, Dromia dehaani, Dorippe facchino and also from stomatopod Squilla spp. were used to extract chitin through fermentation methods by employing two bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens. The yield of chitin was 44.24%, 37.45%, 11.56% and 27.24% in C. lophos, D. dehaani, D. facchino and Squilla spp. respectively. FT-IR spectra of the produced chitin exhibit peaks which is more or less coherent to that of standard chitin which is further analysed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The quality of produced chitin was assessed through moisture, protein, ash and lipid content analysis ensured that chitin obtained from trash crustaceans are on par with that of standard chitin. RESULTS A total of 10 samples were collected from different areas of Jiangsu China for screening of chitinase-producing bacteria. Based on the clearance zone, two of the best samples were chosen for further study. 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that this strain belongs to genus Myxococcus and species Myxococcus fulvus. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and it shows strain UM01 is a novel bacterial strain. UM01 isolate shows maximum chitinase production at 35 °C and 8 pH. Among all, these colloidal chitins were found to be the best for chitinase production. Three chitinase-producing genes were identified and sequenced by using degenerative plasmid. UMCda gene (chitin disaccharide deacetylase) was cloned into E. coli DH5a by using PET-28a vector, and antagonistic activity was examined against T. reesei. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the earliest study report to gene cloning and identification of the chitinase gene in Myxococcus fulvus. Chitinase plays a key role in decomposition and utilization of chitin as a raw material. This research indicates that Myxococcus fulvus UM01 strain is a novel myxobacteria strain and can produce large amounts of chitinase within a short time. The UMCda gene cloned into E. coli DH5a showed a promising effect as antifungal activity. In overall findings, the specific strain UM01 has endowed properties of bioconversation of waste chitin and other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Shahbaz
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
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Termiticidal activity of chitinase enzyme of Bacillus licheniformis, a symbiont isolated from the gut of Globitermes sulphureus worker. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Du J, Duan S, Miao J, Zhai M, Cao Y. Purification and characterization of chitinase from Paenibacillus sp. . Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:30-40. [PMID: 31957084 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The chitinase-producing bacteria Paenibacillus sp. was isolated from soil samples. The chitinase was purified successively by ammonia sulfate fractional precipitation followed by chromatography on DEAE 52-cellulose column and then on Sephadex G-75 column. The chitinase has a molecular weight of ca. 30 kDa as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. Its optimum pH is 4.5, and its optimum temperature is 50 °C with colloidal chitin as a substrate. The enzyme is stable below 45 °C and in pH ranges between 4.5 and 5.5. It is activated by glucosamine, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and metal ions including Ca2+ , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , and Ni2+ . It is inhibited by SDS, H2 O2 , ascorbic acid, Cu2+ , Mg2+ , Ba2+ , Sn2+ , Cr3+ , and K+ . With colloidal chitin as substrate, the Km and the Vmax of the chitinase are 4.28 mg/mL and 14.29 μg/(Min·mL), respectively, whereas the end products of the enzymatic hydrolysis are 14.33% monomer and 85.67% dimer of N-acetylglucosamine. The viscosity of carboxymethyl chitin decreased rapidly at the initial stages when subjected to chitinase hydrolysis, which indicates that the chitinase acts in an endosplitting pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Ke Long Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jingmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Aktuganov GE, Galimzianova NF, Gilvanova EA, Kuzmina LY, Boyko TF, Safina VR, Melentiev AI. Characterization of Chitinase Produced by the Alkaliphilic Bacillus mannanilyticus IB-OR17 B1 Strain. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Bioconversion of Chitin to Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides: Amelioration and Coastal Pollution Reduction by Microbial Resources. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:269-281. [PMID: 29637379 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-metabolizing products are of high industrial relevance in current scenario due to their wide biological applications, relatively lower cost, greater abundance, and sustainable supply. Chitooligosaccharides have remarkably wide spectrum of applications in therapeutics such as antitumor agents, immunomodulators, drug delivery, gene therapy, wound dressings, as chitinase inhibitors to prevent malaria. Hypocholesterolemic and antimicrobial activities of chitooligosaccharides make them a molecule of choice for food industry, and their functional profile depends on the physicochemical characteristics. Recently, chitin-based nanomaterials are also gaining tremendous importance in biomedical and agricultural applications. Crystallinity and insolubility of chitin imposes a major hurdle in the way of polymer utilization. Chemical production processes are known to produce chitooligosaccharides with variable degree of polymerization and properties along with ecological concerns. Biological production routes mainly involve chitinases, chitosanases, and chitin-binding proteins. Development of bio-catalytic production routes for chitin will not only enhance the production of commercially viable chitooligosaccharides with defined molecular properties but will also provide a means to combat marine pollution with value addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India
| | - Amandeep Brar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305801, India.
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Sonawane KD, Dandagal NR, Naikwadi AG, Gurav PT, Anapat SV, Nadaf NH, Jadhav DB, Waghmare SR. Intergeneric fusant development using chitinase preparation of Rhizopus stolonifer NCIM 880. AMB Express 2016; 6:114. [PMID: 27844458 PMCID: PMC5108735 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal chitinase have tremendous applications in biotech industries, with this approach we focused on extracellular chitinase from Rhizopus stolonifer NCIM 880 for the formation of fungal protoplasts. The maximum chitinase production reached after 24 h at 2.5% colloidal chitin concentration in presence of starch as an inducer. Chitinase was extracted efficiently at 65% cold acetone concentration and then purified by using DEAE-Cellulose column chromatography. Purified chitinase having molecular weight 22 kDa with single polypeptide chain was optimally active at pH 5.0 and temperature 30 °C. The purified chitinase revealed kinetic properties like Km 1.66 mg/ml and Vmax 769 mM/min. Crude chitinase extract efficiently formed protoplasts from A. niger, A. oryzae, T. viride and F. moniliforme. The formed protoplasts of A. niger and T. viride showed 70 and 66% regeneration frequency respectively. Further, intergeneric fusants were developed successfully and identified at molecular level using RNA profiling. Thus, this study could be useful for strain improvement of various fungi for biotechnological applications.
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Dua A, Joshi S, Satyanarayana T. Recombinant exochitinase of the thermophilic mould Myceliopthora thermophila BJA: Characteristics and utility in generating N-acetyl glucosamine and in biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:70-80. [PMID: 27689686 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase from the thermophilic mould Myceliopthora thermophila BJA (MtChit) is an acid tolerant, thermostable and organic solvent stable biocatalyst which does not require any metal ions for its activity. To produce high enzyme titres, reduce fermentation time and overcome the need for induction, this enzyme has been heterologously expressed under GAP promoter in the GRAS yeast, Pichia pastoris. The production medium supplemented with the permeabilizing agent Tween-20 supported two-fold higher rMtChit production (5.5 × 103 U L-1 ). The consensus sequences S(132)xG(133)G(134) and D(168)xxD(171)xD(173)xE(175) in the enzyme have been found to represent the substrate binding and catalytic sites, respectively. The rMtChit, purified to homogeneity by a two-step purification strategy, is a monomeric glycoprotein of ∼48 kDa, which is optimally active at 55°C and pH 5.0. The enzyme is thermostable with t1/2 values of 113 and 48 min at 65 and 75°C, respectively. Kinetic parameters Km , Vmax , kcat , and kcat /Km of the enzyme are 4.655 mg mL-1 , 34.246 nmol mg-1 s-1 , 3.425 × 106 min-1 , and 1.36 × 10-6 mg mL-1 min-1 , respectively. rMtChit is an unique exochitinase, since its action on chitin liberates N-acetylglucosamine NAG. The enzyme inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic fungi like Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularia lunata, therefore, this finds application as biofungicide at high temperatures during summer in tropics. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:70-80, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Dua
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
| | - Swati Joshi
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
| | - T Satyanarayana
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
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Enhancement of Exochitinase Production by Bacillus licheniformis AT6 Strain and Improvement of N-Acetylglucosamine Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:650-666. [PMID: 27639392 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A strain producing chitinase, isolated from potato stem tissue, was identified as Bacillus licheniformis by biochemical properties and 16S RNA sequence analysis. Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize nine independent variables for chitinase production by B. licheniformis AT6 strain in submerged fermentation. Using Plackett-Burman design, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4.7H2O, colloidal chitin, MnCl2 2H2O, and temperature were found to influence chitinase production significantly. According to Box-Behnken response surface methodology, the optimal fermentation conditions allowing maximum chitinase production were (in gram per liter): (NH4)2SO4, 7; K2HPO4, 1; NaCl, 1; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1; yeast extract, 0.5; colloidal chitin, 7.5; MnCl2.2H2O, 0.2; temperature 35 °C; pH medium 7. The optimization strategy led to a 10-fold increase in chitinase activity (505.26 ± 22.223 mU/mL versus 50.35 ± 19.62 mU/mL for control basal medium). A major protein band with a molecular weight of 61.9 kDa corresponding to chitinase activity was clearly detected under optimized conditions. Chitinase activity produced in optimized medium mainly releases N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) monomer from colloidal chitin. This enzyme also acts as an exochitinase with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. These results suggest that B. licheniformis AT6 secreting exochitinase is highly efficient in GlcNAc production which could in turn be envisaged as a therapeutic agent or as a conservator against the alteration of several ailments.
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15
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Aliabadi N, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Haghbeen K. Thermostable chitinase from Cohnella sp. A01: isolation and product optimization. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:931-940. [PMID: 27528085 PMCID: PMC5052389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve bacterial strains isolated from shrimp farming ponds were screened for their growth activity on chitin as the sole carbon source. The highly chitinolytic bacterial strain was detected by qualitative cup plate assay and tentatively identified to be Cohnella sp. A01 based on 16S rDNA sequencing and by matching the key morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The cultivation of Cohnella sp. A01 in the suitable liquid medium resulted in the production of high levels of enzyme. The colloidal chitin, peptone, and K2HPO4 represented the best carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources, respectively. Enzyme production by Cohnella sp. A01 was optimized by the Taguchi method. Our results demonstrated that inoculation amount and temperature of incubation were the most significant factors influencing chitinase production. From the tested values, the best pH/temperature was obtained at pH 5 and 70°C, with Km and Vmax values of chitinase to be 5.6mg/mL and 0.87μmol/min, respectively. Ag+, Co2+, iodoacetamide, and iodoacetic acid inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas Mn2+, Cu2+, Tweens (20 and 80), Triton X-100, and EDTA increased the same. In addition, the study of the morphological alteration of chitin treated by enzyme by SEM revealed cracks and pores on the chitin surface, indicating a potential application of this enzyme in several industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Aliabadi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Liu Y, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang Z. Novel Protease-Resistant Exochitinase (Echi47) from Pig Fecal Environment DNA with Application Potentials in the Food and Feed Industries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6262-6270. [PMID: 26084498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel exochitinase gene (Echi47) was directly cloned from the pig fecal environment DNA using the genomic walking PCR technique and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Echi47 has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,161 bp encoding 386 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of Echi47 showed 36% identity with that of chitinase from Coprinellus congregatus. The recombinant exochitinase was purified with specific activity toward colloidal chitin of 6.84 U/mg. Echi47 was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 40 °C, respectively. When colloidal chitin was used as substrate, N-acetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] was mostly produced at the initial stage, suggesting that it is an exochitinase. Echi47 exhibited excellent resistance to pepsin, trypsin, proteinase K, and flavor protease. Under simulated alimentary tract conditions, Echi47 was stable and active, releasing 21.1 mg of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides from 80 mg of colloidal chitin. These properties make Echi47 a potential additive in the food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Liu
- †Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and ‡Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- †Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and ‡Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- †Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and ‡Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- †Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and ‡Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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17
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Purification and characterization of antifungal chitinase from Bacillus safensis MBCU6 and its application for production of chito-oligosaccharides. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Karthik N, Binod P, Pandey A. Purification and characterisation of an acidic and antifungal chitinase produced by a Streptomyces sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:195-201. [PMID: 25824594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An extremely acidic extracellular chitinase produced by a Streptomyces sp. was purified 12.44-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography and further characterised. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be about 40 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were pH 2 and 6, and 50 °C respectively. The enzyme showed high stability in the acidic pH range of 2-6 and temperature stability of up to 50 °C. Additionally, the effect of some cations and other chemical compounds on the chitinase activity was studied. The activity of the enzyme was considerably retained under salinity conditions of up to 3%. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme were determined to be 6.74 mg mL(-1) and 61.3 U mg(-1) respectively using colloidal chitin. This enzyme exhibited antifungal activity against phytopathogens revealing a potential biocontrol application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Karthik
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
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19
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Isolation of a Chitinolytic Bacillus licheniformis S213 Strain Exerting a Biological Control Against Phoma medicaginis Infection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3494-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Laribi-Habchi H, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Drouiche N, Pauss A, Mameri N. Purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of an extracellular chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis stain LHH100 isolated from wastewater samples in Algeria. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:1117-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Characterization of an extracellular thermophilic chitinase from Paenibacillus thermoaerophilus strain TC22-2b isolated from compost. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:135-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Loni PP, Patil JU, Phugare SS, Bajekal SS. Purification and characterization of alkaline chitinase fromPaenibacillus pasadenensisNCIM 5434. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54:1080-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad P. Loni
- Department of Microbiology; Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science; Karad India
| | - Jaysing U. Patil
- Department of Microbiology; Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science; Karad India
| | - Swapnil S. Phugare
- Department of Biotechnology; Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science; Karad India
| | - Shaym S. Bajekal
- Department of Microbiology; Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science; Karad India
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23
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Liang TW, Hsieh TY, Wang SL. Purification of a thermostable chitinase from Bacillus cereus by chitin affinity and its application in microbial community changes in soil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:1201-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Moscoso F, Ferreira L, Fernández de Dios M, Deive F, Longo M, Sanromán M. Development of an Industrial Microbial System for Chitinolytic Enzymes Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400687n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Moscoso
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende
36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - L. Ferreira
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende
36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M.A. Fernández de Dios
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende
36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - F.J. Deive
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende
36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M.A. Longo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende
36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M.A. Sanromán
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende
36310 Vigo, Spain
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25
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Babashpour S, Aminzadeh S, Farrokhi N, Karkhane A, Haghbeen K. Characterization of a chitinase (Chit62) from Serratia marcescens B4A and its efficacy as a bioshield against plant fungal pathogens. Biochem Genet 2012; 50:722-35. [PMID: 22555558 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-012-9515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases have been suggested to be involved in pathogen-antagonist interaction during biological control progress of plant pathogenic fungi. Here, a recombinant bacterial chitinase originally from Serratia marcescens B4A was produced, purified, and assayed biochemically to ascertain the activity and determine the kinetics parameters. Active enzyme was used to determine its biocontrol features against fungal phytopathogens. The results demonstrated that the optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 6.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The K(m) and V(max) values were 3.30 mg ml(-1) and 0.92 units, respectively. The recombinant chitinase was demonstrated to be highly active in controlling fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Babashpour
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15 Tehran-Karaj Highway, PO Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
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