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Liu D, Liu G, Liu S. Promising Application, Efficient Production, and Genetic Basis of Mannosylerythritol Lipids. Biomolecules 2024; 14:557. [PMID: 38785964 PMCID: PMC11117751 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are a class of glycolipids that have been receiving increasing attention in recent years due to their diverse biological activities. MELs are produced by certain fungi and display a range of bioactivities, making them attractive candidates for various applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Despite their remarkable qualities, industrial-scale production of MELs remains a challenge for fungal strains. Excellent fungal strains and fermentation processes are essential for the efficient production of MELs, so efforts have been made to improve the fermentation yield by screening high-yielding strains, optimizing fermentation conditions, and improving product purification processes. The availability of the genome sequence is pivotal for elucidating the genetic basis of fungal MEL biosynthesis. This review aims to shed light on the applications of MELs and provide insights into the genetic basis for efficient MEL production. Additionally, this review offers new perspectives on optimizing MEL production, contributing to the advancement of sustainable biosurfactant technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Guanglei Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Shiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
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2
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Valkenburg AD, Ncube MZ, Teke GM, van Rensburg E, Pott RWM. A review on the upstream production and downstream purification of mannosylerythritol lipids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:853-876. [PMID: 38108218 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are natural compounds with remarkable surface-active properties that may offer an eco-friendly alternative to conventional surfactants. Among them, mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) stand out as an intriguing example of a glycolipid biosurfactant. MELs have been used in a variety of sectors for various applications, and are currently commercially produced. Industrially, they are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agricultural industries, based on their ability to reduce surface tension and enhance emulsification. However, despite their utility, their production is comparatively limited industrially. From a bioprocessing standpoint, two areas of interest to improve the production process are upstream production and downstream (separation and purification) product recovery. The former has seen a significant amount of research, with researchers investigating several production factors: the microbial species or strain employed, the producing media composition, and the production strategy implemented. Improvement and optimization of these are key to scale-up the production of MELs. On the other hand, the latter has seen comparatively limited work presented in the literature. For the most part traditional separation techniques have been employed. This systematic review presents the production and purification methodologies used by researchers by comprehensively analyzing the current state-of-the-art with regards the production, separation, and purification of MELs. By doing so, the review presents different possible approaches, and highlights some potential areas for future work by identifying opportunities for the commercialization of MELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André D Valkenburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mellisa Z Ncube
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - George M Teke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Robert W M Pott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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3
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Farooq U, Szczybelski A, Ferreira FC, Faria NT, Netzer R. A Novel Biosurfactant-Based Oil Spill Response Dispersant for Efficient Application under Temperate and Arctic Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9503-9515. [PMID: 38434809 PMCID: PMC10905727 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic oil spill dispersants have become essential in offshore oil spill response strategies. However, their use raises significant concerns regarding toxicity to phyto- and zooplankton and other marine organisms, especially in isolated and vulnerable areas such as the Arctic and shorelines. Sustainable alternatives may be developed by replacing the major active components of commercial dispersants with their natural counterparts. During this study, interfacial properties of different types of glycolipid-based biosurfactants (rhamnolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, and trehalose lipids) were explored in a crude oil-seawater system. The best-performing biosurfactant was further mixed with different nontoxic components of Corexit 9500A, and the interfacial properties of the most promising dispersant blend were further explored with various types of crude oils, weathered oil, bunker, and diesel fuel in natural seawater. Our findings indicate that the most efficient dispersant formulation was achieved when mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) were mixed with Tween 80 (T). The MELs-T dispersant blend significantly reduced the interfacial tension (IFT) of various crude oils in seawater with results comparable to those obtained with Corexit 9500A. Importantly, no leaching or desorption of MELs-T components from the crude oil-water interface was observed. Furthermore, for weathered and more viscous asphaltenic bunker fuel oil, IFT results with the MELs-T dispersant blend surpassed those obtained with Corexit 9500A. This dispersant blend also demonstrated effectiveness at different dosages (dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR)) and under various temperature conditions. The efficacy of the MELs-T dispersant was further confirmed by standard baffled flask tests (BFTs) and Mackay-Nadeau-Steelman (MNS) tests. Overall, our study provides promising data for the development of effective biobased dispersants, particularly in the context of petroleum exploitation in subsea resources and transportation in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Department
of Petroleum, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ariadna Szczybelski
- Norwegian
College of Fishery Science, The Arctic University
of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering,
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade
de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Torres Faria
- Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering,
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade
de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roman Netzer
- Department
of Aquaculture, SINTEF Ocean, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
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Kondo T, Yasui C, Miyajima I, Banno T, Asakura K, Fukuoka T, Ushimaru K, Koga M, Saika A, Morita T, Takahashi Y, Hayashi C, Igarashi M, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Synthesis of Mannosylerythritol Lipid Analogues and their Self‐Assembling Properties, Recovery Effects on Damaged Skin Cells, and Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201733. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Chihiro Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ikkei Miyajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kouichi Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 5-2 Tsukuba Central 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Kazunori Ushimaru
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 5-2 Tsukuba Central 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Maito Koga
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 5-2 Tsukuba Central 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 5-2 Tsukuba Central 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 5-2 Tsukuba Central 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Chigusa Hayashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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Kitamoto D, Fukuoka T, Saika A, Morita T. Glycolipid Biosurfactants, Mannosylerythritol Lipids: Distinctive Interfacial Properties and Applications in Cosmetic and Personal Care Products. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1-13. [PMID: 35013030 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants produced by a variety of microorganisms show attractive properties (e.g., higher surface activity and biodegradability, lower toxicity, and environmental compatibility) compared to chemically synthesized counterparts. The numerous advantages of biosurfactants have prompted their application to not only the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, but agriculture and environmental protection disciplines as well. Among different types of biosurfactants, glycolipids are the most practically useful, due to their high product titers from renewable resources and versatile interfacial and biochemical properties. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are characteristic glycolipid biosurfactants that are produced by different yeast strains of the genus Pseudozyma. MELs exhibit different lyotropic liquid crystalline phases, such as sponge (L3), reverse bicontinuous cubic (V2), or lamellar (Lα) phases; and they have high levels of surface activity at very low concentrations. MELs also show excellent moisturizing effects on human skin and hair, with comparable performance to natural ceramides. Today, MELs are commercially produced by a Japanese company and their use is rapidly expanding around the world. In this review, we will briefly describe the current R&D status of glycolipid biosurfactants, with a focus on the interfacial properties of MELs and their applications in cosmetic and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kitamoto
- AIST-Chugoku, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Solano-González S, Solano-Campos F. Production of mannosylerythritol lipids: biosynthesis, multi-omics approaches, and commercial exploitation. Mol Omics 2022; 18:699-715. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compilation of resources regarding MEL biosynthesis, key production parameters; available omics resources and current commercial applications, for smut fungi known to produce MELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Solano-González
- Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Bioinformática Aplicada, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Frank Solano-Campos
- Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Plantas, Heredia, Costa Rica
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7
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Kondo T, Yasui C, Banno T, Asakura K, Fukuoka T, Ushimaru K, Koga M, Minamikawa H, Saika A, Morita T, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Self-Assembling Properties and Recovery Effects on Damaged Skin Cells of Chemically Synthesized Mannosylerythritol Lipids. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100631. [PMID: 34783433 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which are one of the representative sugar-based biosurfactants (BSs) produced by microorganisms, have attracted much attention in various fields in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) era. However, they are inseparable mixtures with respect to the chain length of the fatty acids. In this study, self-assembling properties and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of recovery effects on damaged skin cells using chemically synthesized MELs were investigated. It was revealed, for the first time, that synthetic and homogeneous MELs exhibited significant self-assembling properties to form droplets or giant vesicles. In addition, a small difference in the length of the fatty acid chains of the MELs significantly affected their recovery effects on the damaged skin cells. MELs with medium or longer length alkyl chains exhibited much higher recovery effects than that of C18-ceramide NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kouichi Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 5-2 Tsukuba Central, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ushimaru
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 5-2 Tsukuba Central, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Maito Koga
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 5-2 Tsukuba Central, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minamikawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 5-2 Tsukuba Central, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 5-2 Tsukuba Central, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 5-2 Tsukuba Central, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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8
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Beck A, Zibek S. Growth Behavior of Selected Ustilaginaceae Fungi Used for Mannosylerythritol Lipid (MEL) Biosurfactant Production - Evaluation of a Defined Culture Medium. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:555280. [PMID: 33195120 PMCID: PMC7609910 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.555280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the Ustilaginaceae family are a promising source for many biotechnologically relevant products. Among these, mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) biosurfactants have drawn a special interested over the last decades due to their manifold application possibilities. Nevertheless, there is still a knowledge gap regarding process engineering of MEL production. As an example, no reports on the use of a chemically defined culture medium have been published yet, although such a defined medium might be beneficial for scaling-up the production process toward industrial scale. Our aim therefore was to find a mineral medium that allows fast biomass growth and does not negatively affect the successive MEL production from plant oils. The results showed comparable growth performance between the newly evaluated mineral medium and the established yeast extract medium for all seven investigated Ustilaginaceae species. Final biomass concentrations and specific growth rates of 0.16-0.25 h–1 were similar for the two media. Oxygen demand was generally higher in the mineral medium than in the yeast extract medium. It was shown that high concentrations of vitamins and trace elements were necessary to support the growth. Increasing starting concentrations of the media by a factor of 10 resulted in proportionally increasing final biomass concentrations and up to 2.3-times higher maximum growth rates for all species. However, it could also lead to oxygen limitation and stagnant growth rates when too high medium concentrations were used, which was observed for Ustilago siamensis and Moesziomyces aphidis. Successive MEL production from rapeseed oil was effectively shown for 4 out of 7 organisms when the mineral medium was used for cell growth, and it was even enhanced for two organisms, M. aphidis and Pseudozyma hubeiensis pro tem., as compared to the established yeast extract medium. Conversion of rapeseed oil into MEL was generally improved when higher biomass concentrations were achieved during the initial growth phase, indicating a positive relationship between biomass concentration and MEL production. Overall, this is the first report on the use of a chemically defined mineral medium for the cell growth of Ustilaginaceae fungi and successive MEL production from rapeseed oil, as an alternative to the commonly employed yeast extract medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Beck
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Zibek
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
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Coelho ALS, Feuser PE, Carciofi BAM, de Andrade CJ, de Oliveira D. Mannosylerythritol lipids: antimicrobial and biomedical properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2297-2318. [PMID: 31980917 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) have attracted particular interest of medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields, due to their specific characteristics, including non-toxicity, easy biodegradability, and environmental compatibility. Therefore, this review aims to highlight recent findings on MEL biological properties, focusing on issues related to therapeutic applications. Among the main findings is that MELs can play a fundamental role due to their antimicrobial properties against several nosocomial pathogen microorganisms. Other remarkable biological properties of MELs are related to skincare, as antiaging (active agent), and in particular on recover of skin cells that were damaged by UV radiation. MEL is also related to the increased efficiency of DNA transfection in liposome systems. Regarding the health field, these glycolipids seem to be associated with disturbance in the membrane composition of cancerous cells, increasing expression of genes responsible for cytoplasmic stress and apoptosis. Moreover, MELs can be associated with nanoparticles, as a capping agent, also acting to increase the solubility and cytotoxicity of them. Furthermore, the differences in the chemical structure of MEL could improve and expand their biochemical diversity and applications. Such modifications could change their interfacial properties and, thus, reduce the surface tension value, enhance the solubility, lower critical micelle concentrations, and form unique self-assembly structures. The latest is closely related to molecular recognition and protein stabilization properties of MEL, that is, essential parameters for their effective cosmetical and pharmaceutical effects. Thus, this current research indicates the huge potential of MEL for use in biomedical formulations, either alone or in combination with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Silva Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emílio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Mattar Carciofi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiano José de Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Jahan R, Bodratti AM, Tsianou M, Alexandridis P. Biosurfactants, natural alternatives to synthetic surfactants: Physicochemical properties and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102061. [PMID: 31767119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants comprise a wide array of amphiphilic molecules synthesized by plants, animals, and microbes. The synthesis route dictates their molecular characteristics, leading to broad structural diversity and ensuing functional properties. We focus here on low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) biosurfactants of microbial origin. These are environmentally safe and biodegradable, making them attractive candidates for applications spanning cosmetics to oil recovery. Biosurfactants spontaneously adsorb at various interfaces and self-assemble in aqueous solution, resulting in useful physicochemical properties such as decreased surface and interfacial tension, low critical micellization concentrations (CMCs), and ability to solubilize hydrophobic compounds. This review highlights the relationships between biosurfactant molecular composition, structure, and their interfacial behavior. It also describes how environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength can impact physicochemical properties and self-assembly behavior of biosurfactant-containing solutions and dispersions. Comparison between biosurfactants and their synthetic counterparts are drawn to illustrate differences in their structure-property relationships and potential benefits. Knowledge of biosurfactant properties organized along these lines is useful for those seeking to formulate so-called green or natural products with novel and useful properties.
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11
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Identification of the gene PtMAT1 encoding acetyltransferase from the diastereomer type of mannosylerythritol lipid-B producer Pseudozyma tsukubaensis. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:676-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Tailor-made mannosylerythritol lipids: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6877-6884. [PMID: 29926140 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are a type of glycolipid biosurfactant produced by basidiomycetous yeasts, most notably those belonging to the genera Pseudozyma and Ustilago. Mannosylerythritol lipids are environmentally friendly and possess many unique functions, such as gene delivery, bio-activation, and human skin repair, and thus have potential applications in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agriculture, food, and environmental industries. However, MELs will require overcoming same issues related to the commercialization, e.g., expansion of the structure and function variety and cost reduction. In the past decade, various studies have attempted to tailor production of targeted MELs in order to expand the utility of these biosurfactants. Moreover, the rapid development of genomic sequencing techniques will enhance our ability to modify MEL producers. In this review, we focus on current research into the tailored production of MELs, including conventional and advanced approaches.
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Nashida J, Nishi N, Takahashi Y, Hayashi C, Igarashi M, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Systematic and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Mannosylerythritol Lipids and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7281-7289. [PMID: 29498851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the 20 homogeneous members of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) with different alkyl chain lengths was effectively and systematically accomplished from a strategically designed common key intermediate that was stereoselectively constructed by the borinic acid catalyzed β-mannosylation reaction. In addition, their antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that not only the length of the alkyl chains but also the pattern of Ac groups on the mannose moiety were important factors for antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Nashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Nobuya Nishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Chigusa Hayashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
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14
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Saika A, Utashima Y, Koike H, Yamamoto S, Kishimoto T, Fukuoka T, Morita T. Biosynthesis of mono-acylated mannosylerythritol lipid in an acyltransferase gene-disrupted mutant of Pseudozyma tsukubaensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1759-1767. [PMID: 29274060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The basidiomycetous yeast genus Pseudozyma produce large amounts of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which are biosurfactants. A few Pseudozyma strains produce mono-acylated MEL as a minor compound using excess glucose as the sole carbon source. Mono-acylated MEL shows higher hydrophilicity than di-acylated MEL and has great potential for aqueous applications. Recently, the gene cluster involved in the MEL biosynthesis pathway was identified in yeast. Here, we generated an acyltransferase (PtMAC2) deletion strain of P. tsukubaensis 1E5 with uracil auxotrophy as a selectable marker. A PtURA5-mutant with a frameshift mutation in PtURA5 was generated as a uracil auxotroph of strain 1E5 by ultraviolet irradiation on plate medium containing 5-fluoro-orotic acid (5-FOA). In the mutant, PtMAC2 was replaced with a PtURA5 cassette containing the 5' untranslated region (UTR) (2000 bp) and 3' UTR (2000 bp) of PtMAC2 by homologous recombination, yielding strain ΔPtMAC2. Based on TLC and NMR analysis, we found that ΔPtMAC2 accumulates MEL acylated at the C-2' position of the mannose moiety. These results indicate that PtMAC2p catalyzes acylation at the C-3' position of the mannose of MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yu Utashima
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Hideaki Koike
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6-9, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamamoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Takahide Kishimoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, 10-24, Toyo-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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15
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Andrade CJD, Andrade LMD, Rocco SA, Sforça ML, Pastore GM, Jauregi P. A novel approach for the production and purification of mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) by Pseudozyma tsukubaensis using cassava wastewater as substrate. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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17
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Saika A, Koike H, Fukuoka T, Yamamoto S, Kishimoto T, Morita T. A Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of Mannosylerythritol Lipids Consisted of 4-O-β-D-Mannopyranosyl-(2R,3S)-Erythritol as the Sugar Moiety in a Basidiomycetous Yeast Pseudozyma tsukubaensis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157858. [PMID: 27327162 PMCID: PMC4915680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) belong to the glycolipid biosurfactants and are produced by various fungi. The basidiomycetous yeast Pseudozyma tsukubaensis produces diastereomer type of MEL-B, which contains 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-(2R,3S)-erythritol (R-form) as the sugar moiety. In this respect it differs from conventional type of MELs, which contain 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-(2S,3R)-erythritol (S-form) as the sugar moiety. While the biosynthetic gene cluster for conventional type of MELs has been previously identified in Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma antarctica, the genetic basis for MEL biosynthesis in P. tsukubaensis is unknown. Here, we identified a gene cluster involved in MEL biosynthesis in P. tsukubaensis. Among these genes, PtEMT1, which encodes erythritol/mannose transferase, had greater than 69% identity with homologs from strains in the genera Ustilago, Melanopsichium, Sporisorium and Pseudozyma. However, phylogenetic analysis placed PtEMT1p in a separate clade from the other proteins. To investigate the function of PtEMT1, we introduced the gene into a P. antarctica mutant strain, ΔPaEMT1, which lacks MEL biosynthesis ability owing to the deletion of PaEMT1. Using NMR spectroscopy, we identified the biosynthetic product as MEL-A with altered sugar conformation. These results indicate that PtEMT1p catalyzes the sugar conformation of MELs. This is the first report of a gene cluster for the biosynthesis of diastereomer type of MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Koike
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamamoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd., Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takahide Kishimoto
- Toyobo Co., Ltd., Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Selective formation of mannosyl-l-arabitol lipid by Pseudozyma tsukubaensis JCM16987. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5833-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Fukuoka T, Yoshida S, Nakamura J, Koitabashi M, Sakai H, Abe M, Kitamoto D, Kitamoto H. Application of yeast glycolipid biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipid, as agrospreaders. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:689-95. [PMID: 25891117 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spreading property of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) was investigated in connection with our search for new application in agriculture. The wetting ability of MEL solutions for hydrophobic surfaces was evaluated based on contact angle measurements for several surfactant solutions on abiotic and biotic surfaces. The contact angle of MEL-A solution on a hydrophobic plastic surface at 100 s after placement decreased to 8.4°, and those of other MEL solutions decreased more significantly compared to those of commonly-used nonionic surfactants. In addition, the contact angle of MEL solutions also dropped down to around 10° on various plant leaf surfaces. MEL solutions, in particular, efficiently spread even on poorly wettable Gramineae plant surfaces on which general nonionic surfactant solutions could not. Moreover, the wetting ability of MEL solutions was found to be greatly affected by the structural difference in their carbohydrate configuration. Furthermore, surface pretreatment with MEL solution led to more efficient spreading and fixing of microbial cells onto plant leaf surface compared to several conventional surfactants used in this study. These results suggested that MELs have a potential to use as a natural bio-based spreading agent, particularly as agrochemical spreader for biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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20
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Yu M, Liu Z, Zeng G, Zhong H, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Li M, He X, He Y. Characteristics of mannosylerythritol lipids and their environmental potential. Carbohydr Res 2015; 407:63-72. [PMID: 25723622 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are promising biosurfactants containing two glycosyl derivatives and various fatty acids, which are mainly secreted by Pseudozyma as well as Ustilago. In this review, the latest research is demonstrated on production conditions, structural diversity, self-assembling properties and versatile biochemical functions of MELs. The genetic study and synthetic pathways, which mainly influence the type and yield of MELs production. Due to the excellent surface activity, biocompatibility and restorative function, MELs can be used in enviornmental industry, which has not been widely noted. In this paper, the current status of research on enviornmental potential of MELs has been discussed including petroleum degradation, bioconversion of chemical wastes and enhanced bioremediation of amphiphilic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yongbing Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yan He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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21
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Roelants SLKW, De Maeseneire SL, Ciesielska K, Van Bogaert INA, Soetaert W. Biosurfactant gene clusters in eukaryotes: regulation and biotechnological potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3449-61. [PMID: 24531239 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants (BSs) are a class of secondary metabolites representing a wide variety of structures that can be produced from renewable feedstock by a wide variety of micro-organisms. They have (potential) applications in the medical world, personal care sector, mining processes, food industry, cosmetics, crop protection, pharmaceuticals, bio-remediation, household detergents, paper and pulp industry, textiles, paint industries, etc. Especially glycolipid BSs like sophorolipids (SLs), rhamnolipids (RLs), mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) and cellobioselipids (CBLs) have been described to provide significant opportunities to (partially) replace chemical surfactants. The major two factors currently limiting the penetration of BSs into the market are firstly the limited structural variety and secondly the rather high production price linked with the productivity. One of the keys to resolve the above mentioned bottlenecks can be found in the genetic engineering of natural producers. This could not only result in more efficient (economical) recombinant producers, but also in a diversification of the spectrum of available BSs as such resolving both limiting factors at once. Unraveling the genetics behind the biosynthesis of these interesting biological compounds is indispensable for the tinkering, fine tuning and rearrangement of these biological pathways with the aim of obtaining higher yields and a more extensive structural variety. Therefore, this review focuses on recent developments in the investigation of the biosynthesis, genetics and regulation of some important members of the family of the eukaryotic glycolipid BSs (MELs, CBLs and SLs). Moreover, recent biotechnological achievements and the industrial potential of engineered strains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L K W Roelants
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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22
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Morita T, Fukuoka T, Imura T, Kitamoto D. Production of mannosylerythritol lipids and their application in cosmetics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4691-700. [PMID: 23584242 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipid biosurfactants abundantly produced by different basidiomycetous yeasts such as Pseudozyma, and show not only excellent interfacial properties but also versatile biochemical actions. These features of MELs make their application in new technology areas possible. Recently, the structural and functional variety of MELs was considerably expanded by advanced microbial screening methods. Different types of MELs bearing different hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts have been reported. The genes responsible for MEL biosynthesis were identified, and their genetic study is now in progress, aiming to control the chemical structure. The excellent properties leading to practical cosmetic ingredients, i.e., moisturization of dry skin, repair of damaged hair, activation of fibroblast and papilla cells and antioxidant and protective effects in skin cells, have been demonstrated on the yeast glycolipid biosurfactants. In this review, the current status of research and development on MELs, particularly the commercial application in cosmetics, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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