1
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Guo L, Yang S, Tu Z, Yu F, Qiu C, Huang G, Fang S. An indole-3-acetic acid inhibitor mitigated mild cadmium stress by suppressing peroxide formation in rice seedling roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108823. [PMID: 38905727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed heavy metal pollutant that is detrimental to growth and development of plants. The secretion of indole-3-acetic acid is one of the defense mechanisms when plants inflict heavy metal stress. This study aimed to explore how 4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid, an effective IAA inhibitor, induces changes in IAA level, Cadmium accumulation, and activation of defense responses in rice seedling roots under different Cadmium concentrations. Our research results show that: 1) root growth was promoted with PPBa addition under mild Cadmium treatment. 2) the root IAA level improved with increasing Cadmium concentration, and PPBa had a significant inhibitory effect on IAA level. 3) PPBa had no effect on the Cadmium accumulation in rice seedling roots. 4) PPBa had a significant inhibitory effect on the generation of H2O2 under mild and moderate Cadmium treatment. 5) PPBa exacerbated the imbalance of osmotic substances in rice seedling roots under severe Cadmium treatment. This study helps us understand the tolerance and endogenous regulation of plants to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Siying Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zihao Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fengyue Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chaoqian Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Fan H, Yu Z, Luo X, Zhao J, Wang N, Li Z. Metagenomics-based gene exploration and biochemical characterization of novel glucoamylases and α-amylases in Daqu and Pu-erh tea microorganisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:134182. [PMID: 39069062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
α-Amylases and glucoamylases play a crucial role in starch degradation for various industrial applications. Further exploration of novel α-amylases and glucoamylases with diverse enzymatic characteristics is necessary. In this study, metagenomics analysis revealed a high abundance of these enzymes in the microorganisms of Daqu and Pu-erh tea, identifying 271 glucoamylases and 232 α-amylases with significant sequence identity to known enzymes. Functional studies indicated that these enzymes have broad optimal temperatures (30 °C to 70 °C) and acidic or neutral pH optima. Additionally, two novel low-temperature glucoamylases and one novel low-temperature α-amylases were characterized, demonstrating potential for use in industries operating under low temperature conditions. Further analysis suggested that fewer molecular interactions and more flexible coli regions may contribute to their high activity at low temperatures. In summary, this study not only highlights the feasibility of exploring enzymes through metagenomic approaches, but also presents a library of novel and diverse α-amylases and glucoamylases for potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Haiyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Junqi Zhao
- Qilu Institute of Technology, Shandong 250200, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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3
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Farazi M, Houghton MJ, Cardoso BR, Murray M, Williamson G. Inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of nuts on α-amylase activity: a systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:5209-5223. [PMID: 38717256 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Elevated blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for developing metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Nuts have the potential to inhibit α-amylase activity, and so lower postprandial glucose, due to their content of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We conducted a systematic literature review to assess the ability of extracts from commonly consumed edible parts of nuts to inhibit α-amylase. Among the 31 included papers, only four utilised human α-amylases. These papers indicated that polyphenol-rich chestnut skin extracts exhibited strong inhibition of both human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases, and that a polyphenol-rich almond skin extract was a potent inhibitor of human salivary α-amylase. The majority of the reviewed studies utilised porcine pancreatic α-amylase, which has ∼86% sequence homology with the corresponding human enzyme but with some key amino acid variations located within the active site. Polyphenol-rich extracts from chestnut, almond, kola nut, pecan and walnut, and peptides isolated from cashew, inhibited porcine pancreatic α-amylase. Some studies used α-amylases sourced from fungi or bacteria, outcomes from which are entirely irrelevant to human health, as they have no sequence homology with the human enzyme. Given the limited research involving human α-amylases, and the differences in inhibition compared to porcine enzymes and especially enzymes from microorganisms, it is recommended that future in vitro experiments place greater emphasis on utilising enzymes sourced from humans to facilitate a reliable prediction of effects in intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Farazi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Barbara R Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Margaret Murray
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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4
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Alananbeh KM, Alkfoof R, Muhaidat R, Massadeh M. Production of Xylanase by Trichoderma Species Growing on Olive Mill Pomace and Barley Bran in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38248958 PMCID: PMC10817328 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that have tremendous applications in different sectors of life, but the high cost of their production has limited their use. One solution to reduce costs and enhance xylanase production is the use of agro-wastes as a substrate in fungal cultures. In this study, olive mill pomace (OMP) and barley bran (BB) were used as carbon sources and possible inducers of xylanase production by three species of Trichoderma (atroviride, harzianum, and longibrachiatum), one major xylanase producer. The experiments were conducted under a solid-state fermentation system (SSF) in flask cultures and a packed-bed bioreactor. Cultures of OMP and BB were optimized by examining different ratios of OMP and BB, varied particle sizes, and inoculum size for the three species of Trichoderma. The ratio of 8:2 OMP and BB yielded the highest xylanase activity, with a particle size of 1 mm at 29 °C and an inoculum size of 1 × 107 spores/mL. Studying the time profile of the process revealed that xylanase activity was highest after seven days of incubation in flask SSF cultures (1.779 U/mL) and after three days in a packed-bed bioreactor (1.828 U/mL). The maximum percentage of OMP degradation recorded was about 15% in the cultures of T. harzianum flask SSF cultures, compared to about 11% in T. longibrachiatum bioreactor cultures. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis experiments showed that Xylane enzyme activity ranged from 0.274 U/mL in T. harzianum to 0.837 U/mL in T. atroviride when crude extract was used, with the highest activity (0.628 U/mL) at 60% saturation. Xylose was the main sugar released in all purified fractions, with the G-50 and G-75 fractions showing the maximum units of xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud M. Alananbeh
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rana Alkfoof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 21163, Jordan; (R.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Riyadh Muhaidat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 21163, Jordan; (R.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Muhannad Massadeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa P.O. Box 11315, Jordan
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5
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li W, Hou L. Identification and control of gas-producing bacteria isolated from the swollen bagged soy sauce. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 407:110396. [PMID: 37734207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The swelling of soy sauce bags seriously affects product quality and causes food safety problems, which has become an urgent problem to solve in the condiment industry. Here, gas-producing bacteria in the swollen bagged soy sauce were isolated and identified to provide an effective control method for inhibiting their growth and solving the swelling of soy sauce bags. It was found that three gas-producing bacteria isolated from the swollen bagged soy sauce were confirmed as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (G1), Bacillus sp. (G2) and Bacillus subtilis (P3) using 16S rDNA analysis. The strains' morphologies, growth rates, and physiological and biochemical characteristics were also compared. Further studies yielded the optimal growth time, temperature and pH for the three gas-producing bacteria (B. amyloliquefacien: 24 h, 37 °C, and pH 7; Bacillus sp.: 18 h, 30 °C, and pH 6.5-7.5; B. subtilis: 36 h, 30 °C, and pH 8). Bacillus sp. was more salt tolerant than the other two. Then the antibacterial effect of the combination was tested by the physicochemical index. The results showed that filtering through a 0.22 μm inorganic micro-filtration membrane, sterilizing at 121 °C for 2 min, and adding 1 g/kg potassium sorbate was effective methods to inhibit three gas-producing bacteria and control the swelling of soy sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology. No. 29, 13th. Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural Center of Eco-Environment Monitoring and Agro-Product Quality Testing, No. 50th Xihu Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology. No. 29, 13th. Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wanning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology. No. 29, 13th. Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology. No. 29, 13th. Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological, Tianjin 300457, China.
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6
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Huang J, Qiao C, Wang X, Gao Y, Zhao J, Luo H, Wang Y, Hou C, Huo D. The microsphere of sodium alginate-chitosan-Pichia kudriavzevii enhanced esterase activity to increase the content of esters in Baijiu solid-state fermentation. Food Chem 2023; 407:135154. [PMID: 36502727 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pichia kudriavzevii was one of the important aroma-producing fungi in the solid-state fermentation of Baijiu, and immobilization was an effective strategy for improving microbial performance. Herein, P. kudriavzevii cells were immobilized in a gel network that crosslinked by chitosan and sodium alginate to form sodium alginate/chitosan-P. kudriavzevii microspheres (SA/CS-PMs). Their structural characteristics and formation processes were characterized by SEM and FT-IR. The effect of synthesis conditions on the performance of microspheres were determined by single-factor experiments. Under the optimal conditions, the SA/CS-PMs could increase the amylase activity of the fermentation broth by 57.18%, the esterase activity by 66.13%, the content of ester by 67.04%, and could be reused at least three times. Further research results indicated that the content of ester could be increased significantly in Baijiu solid-state fermentation with the SA/CS-PMs. In conclusion, the SA/CS-PMs could improve the ester production ability of P. kudriavzevii by increasing the esterase activity, which was a valuable exploration of directional biosynthesis and a feasible strategy to improve solid-state fermentation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Cailin Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xinrou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yi bin 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Huibo Luo
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yi bin 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yi bin 644000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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7
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Zhang H, Yang FQ. A paper-based lateral flow strip assay based on enzyme-mediated pectin viscosity change for the determination of polygalacturonase activity. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Huang S, Yu K, Xiao Q, Song B, Yuan W, Long X, Cai D, Xiong X, Zheng W. Effect of bio-nano-selenium on yield, nutritional quality and selenium content of radish. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Teixeira GG, Santos PM. Simple and cost-effective approaches for quantification of reducing sugar exploiting digital image analysis. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Barber E, Houghton MJ, Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Measuring key human carbohydrate digestive enzyme activities using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2882-2919. [PMID: 36180531 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate digestion in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is catalyzed by α-amylases and α-glucosidases to produce monosaccharides for absorption. Inhibition of these enzymes is the major activity of the drugs acarbose and miglitol, which are used to manage diabetes. Furthermore, delaying carbohydrate digestion via inhibition of α-amylases and α-glucosidases is an effective strategy to blunt blood glucose spikes, a major risk factor for developing metabolic diseases. Here, we present an in vitro protocol developed to accurately and specifically assess the activity of α-amylases and α-glucosidases, including sucrase, maltase and isomaltase. The assay is especially suitable for measuring inhibition by compounds, drugs and extracts, with minimal interference from impurities or endogenous components, because the substrates and digestive products in the enzyme activity assays are quantified directly by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD). Multiple enzyme sources can be used, but here we present the protocol using commercially available human α-amylase to assess starch hydrolysis with maltoheptaose as the substrate, and with brush border sucrase-isomaltase (with maltase, sucrase and isomaltase activities) derived from differentiated human intestinal Caco-2(/TC7) cells to assess hydrolysis of disaccharides. The wet-lab assay takes ~2-5 h depending on the number of samples, and the HPAE-PAD analysis takes 35 min per sample. A full dataset therefore takes 1-3 d and allows detection of subtle changes in enzyme activity with high sensitivity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barber
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Wu X, Li L, Lin S. Energy metabolism and genetic information processing mark major transitions in the life history of Scrippsiella acuminata (Dinophyceae). HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 116:102248. [PMID: 35710202 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many dinoflagellates perform sexual reproduction and form cysts as a life history strategy to survive adverse environmental conditions and seed annual harmful algal blooms (HABs). The molecular mechanisms underpinning the life stage transitions can provide clues about how key environmental factors induce encystment and initiation of a HAB but are still poorly understood. Here, we conducted an integrated physiological and transcriptomic study to unravel the mechanisms in Scrippsiella acuminata. We established a culture from a bloom, induced cyst formation, and divided the process into four life stages. Transcriptomic analysis of these stages revealed 19,900 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The expression of genes related to photosynthesis was significantly up-regulated from vegetative stage to immature cyst stage, consistent with the marked increase in cell contents of energy-storing macromolecules (carbohydrates and lipids). When proceeding to resting cysts, most photosynthesis genes were down-regulated while "genetic information processing" related genes were up-regulated. Comparing germinating cysts with resting cysts revealed 100 DEGs involved in energy metabolism, indicating a high energy requirement of germination. In addition, the transition from germinating cysts to vegetative cells featured up-regulation of photosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that energy storage and consumption play a pivotal role in cyst formation and germination respectively and genetic information processing is crucial in cyst dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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12
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Kurzyna-Szklarek M, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Analysis of the chemical composition of natural carbohydrates - An overview of methods. Food Chem 2022; 394:133466. [PMID: 35716502 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural carbohydrates are gaining importance over a wide spectrum of human activity due to their versatile functionalities. The properties of carbohydrates are currently used in many branches of industry and new possibilities of their utilization, like in medicine or materials science, are demonstrated systematically. The attractive properties of carbohydrates result from their chemical structure and ability to form macromolecules and derivatives. Each application of carbohydrate requires a knowledge of their chemical composition, which due to the number and differentiation of monosaccharides and their spatial forms is often challenging. This review presents an overview on sample preparation and the methods used for the determination of the fine chemical structure of natural carbohydrates. Most popular and reliable colorimetric, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are presented with an emphasis on their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Espinheira RP, Rocha VAL, Guimarães TM, Oliveira CA, de Souza MF, Domont GB, Nogueira FCS, Teixeira RSS, Bon EPDS, Silva ASD. Aspergillus awamori endoglucanase-rich supernatant enhances lignocellulosic biomass liquefaction in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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de Borba VS, Lemos AC, Rodrigues MHP, Gropelli VM, Cerqueira MBR, Badiale-Furlong E. Miniaturization of Spectrophotometric Methods to Determine Reducing Sugars, Total Starch and Soluble Proteins in Wheat-Based Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Isolation and identification of new source of bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum C010 and growth kinetics of its batch fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:67. [PMID: 35246726 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The control of food-borne pathogens and spoilage organisms in meat and related products is urgently needed. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are promising natural food preservatives. In this study, six bacteriocin-producing bacteria were screened from soil and fresh cow dung. Pseudomonas koreensis PS1, a specific spoilage organism from spoiled chilled pork, was used as the indicator bacteria. From the analyses, the strain C010 was selected due to its high yield, broad spectrum, and subculture stability. Through morphological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. Crude bacteriocin extracted from the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. plantarum C010 was stable under high temperature, ultraviolet radiation, and protease attack (pepsin, trypsin, and proteinase K). The kinetics of bacterial growth and bacteriocin production by L. plantarum C010 were analyzed during batch fermentation. Bacteriocin was produced throughout the logarithmic growth phase, and the Leudeking-Piret model characterized the synthesis of bacteriocins. The present study indicates that this novel bacteriocin produced by bacteria is a promising option for reducing spoilage microorganisms and can be widely used as a bio-preservative in meat and other foods.
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16
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Hui Yan T, Mun SL, Lee JL, Lim SJ, Daud NA, Babji AS, Sarbini SR. Bioactive sialylated-mucin (SiaMuc) glycopeptide produced from enzymatic hydrolysis of edible swiftlet’s nest (ESN): degree of hydrolysis, nutritional bioavailability, and physicochemical characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2029482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hui Yan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Sue Lian Mun
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia Lin Lee
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Seng Joe Lim
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (Manis), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer (Inovasi-ukm), Chancellery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aliah Daud
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (Manis), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Salam Babji
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (Manis), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer (Inovasi-ukm), Chancellery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu, Malaysia
- Halal Product Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang
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17
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Liu N, Xie G, Yin W, Xinhua W. Quality characteristics of Niagara grapes and their storage life as affected by 1-MCP combined with sulfur dioxide treatment and modified atmosphere packaging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.2019272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering InstituteGuizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guofang Xie
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering InstituteGuizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering InstituteGuizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wang Xinhua
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering InstituteGuizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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18
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Honey quality parameters, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity in twelve Ecuadorian stingless bees (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) tested against multiresistant human pathogens. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Small Functional Foods: Comparative Phytochemical and Nutritional Analyses of Five Microgreens of the Brassicaceae Family. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020427. [PMID: 33672089 PMCID: PMC7919663 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgreens are the seedlings of herbs and vegetables which are harvested at the development stage of their two cotyledonary leaves, or sometimes at the emergence of their rudimentary first pair of true leaves. They are functional foods, the consumption of which is steadily increasing due to their high nutritional value. The species of the Brassicaceae family are good sources of bioactive compounds, with a favorable nutritional profile. The present study analyzed some phytochemical compounds with nutritional values, such as chlorophylls, polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, total and reducing sugars, and the antioxidant activity of five Brassicaceae species: broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), daikon (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin), mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), rocket salad (Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.), and watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.). Broccoli had the highest polyphenol, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, as well as a good antioxidant ability. Mustard was characterized by high ascorbic acid and total sugar contents. By contrast, rocket salad exhibited the lowest antioxidant content and activity. The essential oil (EO) composition of all of these species was determined in order to identify their profile and isothiocyanates content, which are compounds with many reported health benefits. Isothiocyanates were the most abundant group in broccoli (4-pentenyl isothiocyanate), mustard (allyl isothiocyanate), and watercress (benzyl isothiocyanate) EOs, while rocket salad and daikon exhibited higher contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons (myrcene) and oxygenated diterpenes (phytol), respectively. Broccoli microgreens exhibited the overall best nutritional profile, appearing as the most promising species to be consumed as a functional food among those analyzed.
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20
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Wang J, Liang J, Li Y, Tian L, Wei Y. Characterization of efficient xylanases from industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment microbiota. AMB Express 2021; 11:19. [PMID: 33464408 PMCID: PMC7815853 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are widely used enzymes in the food, textile, and paper industries. Most efficient xylanases have been identified from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota, such as the microbiota of the cow rumen and the termite hindgut. Xylanase genes from efficient pulp and paper wastewater treatment (PPWT) microbiota have been previously recovered by metagenomics, assigning most of the xylanase genes to the GH10 family. In this study, a total of 40 GH10 family xylanase genes derived from a certain PPWT microbiota were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Among these xylanase genes, 14 showed xylanase activity on beechwood substrate. Two of these, PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37, showed high activities, and were purified to evaluate their xylanase properties. Values of optimal pH and temperature for PW-xyl9 were pH 7 and 60 ℃, respectively, while those for PW-xyl37 were pH 7 and 55 ℃, respectively; their specific xylanase activities under optimal conditions were 470.1 U/mg protein and 113.7 U/mg protein, respectively. Furthermore, the Km values of PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37 were determined as 8.02 and 18.8 g/L, respectively. The characterization of these two xylanases paves the way for potential application in future pulp and paper production and other industries, indicating that PPWT microbiota has been an undiscovered reservoir of efficient lignocellulase genes. This study demonstrates that a metagenomic approach has the potential to screen efficient xylanases of uncultured microorganisms from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota. In a similar way, other efficient lignocellulase genes might be identified from PPWT treatment microbiota in the future.
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21
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Effect of steviol glycosides as sugar substitute on the probiotic fermentation in milk gels enriched with red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) bioactive compounds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Xie GF, Wang YB, Huang ZD, Zhang MS. Quality attributes of fresh common bean during storage as postharvest treatment with 1-MCP. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1826514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Xie
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Guiyang Vocational and Technical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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23
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Ozcan T, Ozdemir T, Avci HR. Survival of
Lactobacillus casei
and functional characteristics of reduced sugar red beetroot yoghurt with natural sugar substitutes. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Ozcan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Bursa Uludag University Gorukle Campus BursaTurkey
| | | | - Halil Riza Avci
- Bursa Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control Osmangazi Bursa Turkey
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24
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Güzel M, Akpınar Ö. Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose produced from fruit and vegetable peels by Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1597-1604. [PMID: 32777420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the investigation of bacterial cellulose production potency of some fruit and vegetable peels (cucumber, melon, kiwifruit, tomato, apple, quince and pomegranate) with Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016. Fruit and vegetable peels were hydrolyzed, used for bacterial cellulose (BC) production and their chemical, physical, thermal and structural features were compared to BC from Hestrin-Schramm medium (HSBC) and plant cellulose (CP). Except for pomegranate peel hydrolysate, all the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates supplied to K. hansenii GA2016 supported the BC production. Among the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates, the highest BC production was observed in kiwifruit peel hydrolysate (11.53%), while the lowest production was observed in apple peel hydrolysate (1.54%). Water-holding capacities of the BCs were ranged from 627.50% to 928.79% and higher than HSBC (609.30%), average fiber diameters were ranged from 47.64 nm to 61.11 nm and thinner than HSBC (74.29) and CP (10,420 nm), crystallinities were ranged from 80.27% to 92.96%, thermal capacities BCs were higher than HSBC and CP. For the BC productions, utilization of the fruit and vegetable peels as the sole nutrient source could reduce the production costs and among the polysaccharides, increase the use of BC in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Güzel
- Department Hotel, Restaurant and Catering Services, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane 29100, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Akpınar
- Department of Food Engineering, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat 60100, Turkey
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25
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Chen W, Wang Z, Xu W, Tian R, Zeng J. Dibutyl phthalate contamination accelerates the uptake and metabolism of sugars by microbes in black soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114332. [PMID: 32182534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is widely used as plasticizer and has been detected in the environment, posing a threat to animal health. However, the effects of DBP on agricultural microbiomes are not known. In this study, DBP levels in black soil were evaluated, and the impact of DBP contamination on the uptake and metabolism of sugars in microbes was assessed by glucose absorption tests, metaproteomics, metabolomics, enzyme activity assays and computational simulation analysis. The results indicated that DBP contamination accelerated glucose consumption and upregulated the expression of porins and periplasmic monosaccharide ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter solute-binding proteins (SBPs). DBP and its metabolic intermediates (carboxymuconate and butanol) may form a stable complex with sugar transporters and enhance the rigidity and stability of these proteins. Sugar metabolism resulting in the generation of ATP and reducing agent (NADPH), as well as the expression of some key enzymes (dehydrogenases) were also upregulated by DBP treatment. Moreover, a diverse bacterial community appears to utilize sugar, suggesting that there are widespread effects of DBP contamination on soil microbial ecosystems. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for investigating the toxicological effects of DBP on microbes in black soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China; College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China; College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - Weihui Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, China; College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - Renmao Tian
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60501, USA.
| | - Jin Zeng
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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26
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Liu R, Gao G, Bai Y, Hou L. Fermentation of high-salt liquid-state soy sauce without any additives by inoculation of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 26:642-654. [PMID: 32375497 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220922632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Food additives are artificial or natural substances that are added to food to improve the color, aroma, taste, and other qualities, and to meet processing requirements. For the concern of food health and safety, brewed soy sauce without additives has attracted consumers' attention. Here, only four necessary raw materials including soybean, wheat, salt, and water were added. High-salt soy sauce fermentation was conducted for six months by sequential inoculation of lactic acid bacteria and yeast under different brine content (18%, 20%, and 22%). By analyzing the physicochemical indicators during moromi, three soy sauces (No. 1: 18% salt, inoculated with Tetragenococcus halophilus and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, No. 5: 20% salt, inoculated with T. halophilus and Z. rouxii, No. 11: 22% salt, inoculated with T. halophilus and Candida versatilis) were selected and sterilized to produce finished products for further comparative investigation. Results showed that the flavor components of these three soy sauces were richer in variety than the commercial soy sauces and No. 11 soy sauce was detected to have the largest total amount of organic acids. Plate count agar analysis revealed that the free amino acid differences of soy sauces were distinct, among which the No. 11 soy sauce had the highest glutamate content of 19.64 g L-1. Besides, it was found that the shelf life of these three soy sauces could reach two years at 4 ℃. This study suggests that the high-salt soy sauce made by rational application of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and effective sterilization can have high quality and long shelf life without adding any additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guohuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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27
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Visvanathan R, Qader M, Jayathilake C, Jayawardana BC, Liyanage R, Sivakanesan R. Critical review on conventional spectroscopic α-amylase activity detection methods: merits, demerits, and future prospects. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2836-2847. [PMID: 32031680 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase is an endoenzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of internal α-l,4 glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides to produce maltose, maltotriose, and α-limit dextrins. It is widely used in the laboratorial and industrial workflow for several applications. There are several methods utilizing different techniques and substrates to assess α-amylase activity, among which the spectroscopic methods have found widespread applicability due to their ease of use and cost-effectiveness. Depending upon the reaction principle, these assays are classified into four groups: reducing sugar, enzymatic, chromogenic, and amyloclastic methods. Despite the presence of numerous methods, there is no general reliable method to assess α-amylase activity. Each method is shown to have its own merits and demerits. Many improvements have been made to make the available methods more accurate, reliable, and easy. This communication briefly discusses the basic reaction mechanisms and critically reviews the advantages and shortcomings associated with each method. Further recommendations are made for future development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallique Qader
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemistry, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Ramiah Sivakanesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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28
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Li Q, Sun H, Zhang M, Wu T. Characterization of the flavor compounds in wheat bran and biochemical conversion for application in food. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1427-1437. [PMID: 32339265 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran, an abundant and low-cost by-product from agricultural processing, can be used as an alternative food resource. Biochemical conversion of wheat bran to food ingredient involves pretreatments of bran to enhance its acceptability. In this work, the effects of the Maillard reaction and enzymolysis on flavor properties of wheat bran and sensory evaluation of steamed buns fortified with wheat bran were analyzed using GC-MS combined with sensory evaluation. The results showed that the Maillard reaction and enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as flavoring process, could effectively improve the flavor profiles of wheat bran. The flavor compounds in modified wheat bran products as well as its fuzzy sensory score increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with those in commercially available dry malt extract. Additionally, steamed buns fortified with wheat bran had enhanced flavor and overall acceptability. The study can be useful in valorization a plethora of grain bran (waste) into valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Haoran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.,Tianjin Agricultural Univ., Tianjin, 300384, PR China.,Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology, Inst. for New Rural Development, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
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29
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Xie G, Feng Y, Chen Y, Zhang M. Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and Ethylene on Postharvest Lignification of Common Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8659-8666. [PMID: 32337429 PMCID: PMC7178773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment can inhibit the lignification of fruits and vegetables. The mode of action of 1-MCP is through inhibiting ethylene production, but the effect of 1-MCP and ethylene on lignification of common beans remains unknown. This work compared the effect of 0.5 μL L-1 1-MCP and 100 μL L-1 ethylene on the lignification of common beans during storage. Postharvest 1-MCP significantly inhibited the increase of the lignified cell group, sclerenchyma became thicker, vascular bundles thickened, and lignified cells grew during storage, while ethylene was the opposite. 1-MCP inhibited the increase in the respiration rate, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD), whereas ethylene increased all of them. Ethylene treatment stimulated and 1-MCP inhibited the decline of reducing sugar and cellulose content. Expression of genes, including PvACO1, PvAOG1, PvSuSy2, PvPAL3, Pv4CL1, and PvCOMT1, with the lignin content being significantly increased in common beans during storage. 1-MCP treatment markedly inhibited the expression of PvACO1, PvSuSy2, PvPAL3, Pv4CL1, and PvCOMT1 genes, while strengthened the expression of PvETR1 and PvAOG1, while ethylene was the opposite. This work provides evidence that ethylene or abscisic acid (ABA) may play an important role in 1-MCP regulation of postharvest lignification in common beans and provides strategies for preserving the quality of fruits and vegetables during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation
in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation
Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College
of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingchun Feng
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation
in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation
Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College
of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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30
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Pitfalls in the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay for the reducing sugars: Interference of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:180-185. [PMID: 32289426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels has evolved to be a vital field of research in recent years. Accurate estimation of reducing sugars post pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been very inconsistent. For a few decades, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay has been widely employed for the estimation of reducing sugars derived from pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. This assay tests for the presence of free carbonyl group (C=O), the so-called reducing sugars. This involves the oxidation of the aldehyde functional group present to the corresponding acid while DNS is simultaneously reduced to 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid under alkaline conditions. However, the presence of other active carbonyl groups can potentially also react with DNS leading to incorrect yields of reducing sugars. Therefore, a detailed study has been carried out to evaluate the influence of active carbonyl compounds like furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in the overall estimation of reducing sugars (glucose, xylose and arabinose) by DNS assay. In addition to this, reducing sugars estimation in the presence of furans were also investigated, it reveals that reducing sugars estimation was found to be 68% higher than actual sugars. Therefore, current findings strongly indicate that the employment of DNS assay for quantifying the reducing sugars in the presence of furans is not appropriate.
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31
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Chen JF, Luo DD, Lin YS, Liu YH, Wu JZ, Yi XQ, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Gao CJ, Cai J, Su ZR. Aqueous extract of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza leaves protects against dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in mice via suppressing NF-κB activation and modulating intestinal microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112554. [PMID: 31923541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is tightly associated with inflammation response and oxidative stress. As a folk medicine applied in treatment of diarrhea, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza also possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, which indicated that B. gymnorrhiza may exert anti-colitis effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate effect and mechanism of B. gymnorrhiza on experimental UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extract of B. gymnorrhiza leaves (ABL) was used for investigation in the present study. Murine UC was established through access to 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. Meanwhile, mice accepted treatment with ABL (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (200 mg/kg) once daily. On the last day, disease activity index (DAI) including body weight loss, fecal character and degree of bloody diarrhea was evaluated, colon segments were obtained for length measurement and further analysis and feces were collected for intestinal microbiota analysis. RESULTS ABL ameliorated DAI scores, colon length shortening and histopathological damage in DSS-induced colitis mice obviously. SOD activity, levels of MDA and GSH altered by colitis were restored remarkably after ABL treatment. ABL inhibited increases in levels of colonic COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11 in colitis mice. Moreover, ABL prominently suppressed NF-κB p65 and IκB phosphorylation and down-regulated mRNA levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β elevated by colitis. As shown in microbiota analysis, ABL modulated composition of intestinal microbiota of colitis mice. CONCLUSION ABL exhibited protective effect against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through suppressing NF-κB activation and modulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan-Dan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin-Si Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Yi
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Jun Gao
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Cai
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng W, Lan T, Li H, Yue G, Zhou H. Exploring why sodium lignosulfonate influenced enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose from the perspective of substrate-enzyme adsorption. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 32015757 PMCID: PMC6990501 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulase adsorbed on cellulose is productive and helpful to produce reducing sugars in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose; however, cellulase adsorbed on lignin is non-productive. Increasing productive adsorption of cellulase on cellulose would be beneficial in improving enzymatic hydrolysis. Adding lignin that was more hydrophilic in hydrolysis system could increase productive adsorption and promote hydrolysis. However, the effect mechanism is still worth exploring further. In this study, lignosulfonate (LS), a type of hydrophilic lignin, was used to study its effect on cellulosic hydrolysis. RESULTS The effect of LS on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pure cellulose (Avicel) and lignocellulose [dilute acid (DA) treated sugarcane bagasse (SCB)] was investigated by analyzing enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, productive and non-productive cellulase adsorptions, zeta potential and particle size distribution of substrates. The result showed that after adding LS, the productive cellulase adsorption on Avicel reduced. Adding LS to Avicel suspension could form the Avicel-LS complexes. The particles were charged more negatively and the average particle size was smaller than Avicel before adding LS. In addition, adding LS to cellulase solution formed the LS-cellulase complexes. For DA-SCB, adding LS decreased the non-productive cellulase adsorption on DA-SCB from 3.92 to 2.99 mg/g lignin and increased the productive adsorption of cellulase on DA-SCB from 2.00 to 3.44 mg/g cellulose. Besides, the addition of LS promoted the formation of LS-lignin complexes and LS-cellulase complexes, and the complexes had more negative charges and smaller average sizes than DA-SCB lignin and cellulase particles before adding LS. CONCLUSIONS In this study, LS inhibited Avicel's hydrolysis, but enhanced DA-SCB's hydrolysis. This stemmed from the fact that LS could bind cellulase and Avicel, and occupied the binding sites of cellulase and Avicel. Thus, a decreased productive adsorption of cellulase on Avicel arose. Regarding DA-SCB, adding LS, which enhanced hydrolysis efficiency of DA-SCB, increased the electrostatic repulsion between DA-SCB lignin and cellulase, and therefore, decreased non-productive adsorption of cellulase on DA-SCB lignin and enhanced productive adsorption of cellulase on DA-SCB cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiu Zheng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Tianqing Lan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Hui Li
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Guojun Yue
- SDIC Biotech Investment CO., LTD, No. 147 Xizhimen Nanxiao Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 277590 China
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Alves KJ, da Silva MCP, Cotta SR, Ottoni JR, van Elsas JD, de Oliveira VM, Andreote FD. Mangrove soil as a source for novel xylanase and amylase as determined by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:217-228. [PMID: 31741310 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase and α-amylase enzymes participate in the degradation of organic matter, acting in hemicellulose and starch mineralization, respectively, and are in high demand for industrial use. Mangroves represent a promising source for bioprospecting enzymes due to their unique characteristics, such as fluctuations in oxic/anoxic conditions and salinity. In this context, the present work aimed to bioprospect xylanases from mangrove soil using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. Through screening from a metagenomic library, three potentially xylanolytic clones were obtained and sequenced, and reads were assembled into contigs and annotated. The contig MgrBr135 was affiliated with the Planctomycetaceae family and was one of 30 ORFs selected for subcloning that demonstrated only amylase activity. Through the cultivation method, 38 bacterial isolates with xylanolytic activity were isolated. Isolate 11 showed an enzymatic index of 10.9 using the plate assay method. Isolate 39 achieved an enzyme activity of 0.43 U/mL using the colorimetric method with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Isolate 39 produced xylanase on culture medium with salinity ranging from 1.25 to 5%. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified isolates in the Bacillus and Paenibacillus genera. The results of this study highlight the importance of mangroves as an enzyme source and show that bacterial groups can be used for starch and hemicellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jaqueline Alves
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Padua Dias Avenue, 11 CP 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Mylenne Calciolari Pinheiro da Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Padua Dias Avenue, 11 CP 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Raposo Cotta
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Centenario Avenue, 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia Ronzella Ottoni
- University Center Dinâmica das Cataratas, Castelo Branco Street, 349, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85852-010, Brazil
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Maia de Oliveira
- Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexandre Cazellato Avenue, 999, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13140-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Padua Dias Avenue, 11 CP 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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Jiang Z, Yu G, Liang Y, Song T, Zhu Y, Ni H, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. Inhibitory effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from edible red alga Bangia fusco-purpurea on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2065-2074. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1634515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this study, a sulfated polysaccharide (BFP) was isolated from the edible red alga Bangia fusco-purpurea. Gel-filtration and thin layer chromatographically analyses suggested that BFP was a homogenous polysaccharide. The chemical structural analysis revealed that BFP mainly consisted of galactose together with a small amount of uronic acid, mannose, and glucose. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 133.18 kDa by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. BFP inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of BFP against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were estimated to be 1.26 ± 0.11 mg/mL and 1.34 ± 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. Kinetic analyses suggested that BFP showed competitive and non-competitive inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Circular dichroism spectral and fluorescence spectral analyses suggested that BFP affects the conformational structures of these enzymes, which may lead to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities.
Abbreviations: Ara: D-arabinose; AnGal: anhydro-L-galactose residues; CD spectroscopy: Circular Dichroism spectroscopy; DNS: dinitrosalicylic acid; FT-IR: fourier transform infrared spectra; Fuc: L-fucose; Gal: D-galactose; Glc: D-glucose; GlcA: D-Glucuronic acid; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; Man: D-mannose; pNPG: p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TLC: thin-layer chromatography; PMP: 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone; Xyl: D-xylose
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tianyuan Song
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Jing Y, Li X, Hu X, Ma Z, Liu L, Ma X. Effect of buckwheat extracts on acrylamide formation and the quality of bread. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6482-6489. [PMID: 31294827 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of acrylamide in food has attracted wide attention and has raised concerns due to its potential toxic and carcinogenic effects. The phenolic compounds in buckwheat display strong antioxidant activity, which may affect the acrylamide levels. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of buckwheat extracts on acrylamide formation and the quality of the bread, and to investigate possible inhibitory mechanisms. RESULTS The extracts from Tartary buckwheat seeds, Tartary buckwheat sprouts, common buckwheat seeds, and common buckwheat sprouts reduced acrylamide level in bread by 23.5, 27.3, 17.0, and 16.7%, respectively. In addition, all four buckwheat extracts significantly (P < 0.05) reduced acrylamide levels in the asparagine / glucose system. There were significant positive correlations between total phenolic compound content, the antioxidant activity of the extracts, and the reduction in the acrylamide level. Evaluation of the organoleptic and textural properties indicated that the addition of the extracts did not significantly affect the crust color, aroma, taste, crumb appearance, and hardness of the bread. CONCLUSION This study showed that proper use of buckwheat extracts can reduce acrylamide levels in bread without having a significant impact on their properties. The study also revealed that a possible acrylamide formation inhibitory mechanism involved the Maillard reaction through the asparagine / glucose pathway. The study also provided useful information for the further application of buckwheat in improving food safety. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Jing
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Feng S, Ning K, Luan D, Lu S, Sun P. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacities analysis of different parts of
Brasenia schreberi. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Di Luan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmin Lu
- Institute of Food Science Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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Feng S, Luan D, Ning K, Shao P, Sun P. Ultrafiltration isolation, hypoglycemic activity analysis and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Brasenia schreberi. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Monteiro AF, Miguez IS, Silva JPRB, Silva ASD. High concentration and yield production of mannose from açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seeds via mannanase-catalyzed hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10939. [PMID: 31358799 PMCID: PMC6662815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The açaí seed corresponds to approximately 85% of the fruit's weight and represents ~1.1 million metric tons of residue yearly accumulated in the Amazon region, resulting in an acute environmental and urban problem. To extract the highest value from this residue, this study aimed to evaluate its chemical composition to determine the appropriate applications and to develop conversion methods. First, mannan was confirmed as the major component of mature seeds, corresponding to 80% of the seed's total carbohydrates and about 50% of its dry weight. To convert this high mannan content into mannose, a sequential process of dilute-acid and enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated. Among different dilute-H2SO4 hydrolysis conditions, 3%-acid for 60-min at 121 °C resulted in a 30% mannan hydrolysis yield and 41.7 g/L of mannose. Because ~70% mannan remained in the seed, a mannanase-catalyzed hydrolysis was sequentially performed with 2-20% seed concentration, reaching 146.3 g/L of mannose and a 96.8% yield with 20% solids. As far as we know, this is the highest reported concentration of mannose produced from a residue. Thus, this work provides fundamental data for achieving high concentrations and yields of mannose from açaí seeds, which could add commercial value to the seeds and improve the whole açaí productive chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ferreira Monteiro
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, 20081-312, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Santos Miguez
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, 20081-312, RJ, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Pedro R Barros Silva
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, 20081-312, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ayla Sant'Ana da Silva
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, 20081-312, RJ, Brazil.
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, RJ, Brazil.
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Zhang P, Hai H, Sun D, Yuan W, Liu W, Ding R, Teng M, Ma L, Tian J, Chen C. A high throughput method for total alcohol determination in fermentation broths. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:30. [PMID: 31118001 PMCID: PMC6532202 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potassium dichromate oxidation method used in determination of alcohols in fermentation has two major disadvantages. This method cannot be used to determine alcohols in raw fermentation broth samples, which often contain various reducing sugars. The method is not environment friendly due to the carcinogenicity of Cr (VI) used. Results A new method for determination of reducing sugars and total alcohols in raw fermentation broths was developed. The fermentation broth was pretreated to remove proteins, polysaccharides, glycerol and organic acids. The colorimetric change from both total alcohols and reducing sugars by potassium permanganate oxidation was measured. The portion of colorimetric change from oxidation of reducing sugars was determined by DNS test and subtracted. The remaining portion of colorimetric change was then used to calculate the total alcohol concentration in the sample. Conclusions Using this method, total alcohol concentration can be easily and accurately determined in both distilled samples and raw fermentation broth samples. It is fast and environmental friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Hai
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Sun
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruru Ding
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Teng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tian
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caifa Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China.
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Gong RZ, Wang YH, Gao K, Zhang L, Liu C, Wang ZS, Wang YF, Sun YS. Quantification of Furosine (Nε-(2-Furoylmethyl)-l-lysine) in Different Parts of Velvet Antler with Various Processing Methods and Factors Affecting Its Formation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071255. [PMID: 30935092 PMCID: PMC6479359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Furosine (Nε-(2-furoylmethyl)-l-lysine) is formed during the early stages of the Maillard reaction from a lysine Amadori compound and is frequently used as a marker of reaction progress. Furosine is toxic, with significant effects on animal livers, kidneys, and other organs. However, reports on the formation of furosine in processed velvet antler are scarce. In this study, we have quantified the furosine content in processed velvet antler by using UPLC-MS/MS. The furosine contents of velvet antler after freeze-drying, boiling, and processing without and with blood were 148.51–193.93, 168.10–241.22, 60.29–80.33, and 115.18–138.99 mg/kg protein, respectively. The factors affecting furosine formation in processed velvet antler, including reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, and process temperature, are discussed herein. Proteins, amino acids, and reducing sugars are substrates for the Maillard reaction and most significantly influence the furosine content in the processed velvet antler. High temperatures induce the production of furosine in boiled velvet antler but not in the freeze-dried samples, whereas more furosine is produced in velvet antler processed with blood, which is rich in proteins, amino acids, and reducing sugars, than in the samples processed without blood. Finally, wax slices rich in proteins, amino acids, and reducing sugars produced more furosine than the other parts of the velvet antler. These data provide a reference for guiding the production of low-furosine velvet antler and can be used to estimate the consumer intake of furosine from processed velvet antler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ze Gong
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Material Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Kun Gao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Material Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Ze-Shuai Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Yu-Fang Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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Guan J, Han C, Guan Y, Zhang S, Yun J, Yao S. Optimizational production of phenyllactic acid by a Lactobacillus buchneri strain via uniform design with overlay sampling methodology. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Li L, Zhao W, Feng X, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhao L. Changes in Fruit Firmness, Cell Wall Composition, and Transcriptional Profile in the yellow fruit tomato 1 ( yft1) Mutant. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:463-472. [PMID: 30545217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit firmness is an important trait in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum), associated with shelf life and economic value; however, the precise mechanism determining fruit softening remains elusive. A yellow fruit tomato 1 ( yft1) mutant harbors a genetic lesion in the YFT1 gene and has significantly firmer fruit than those of the cv. M82 wild type at a red ripe stage, 54 days post-anthesis (dpa). When softening was further dissected, it was found that the yft1 firm fruit phenotype correlated with a difference in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin deposition in the primary cell wall (PCW) compared to cv. M82. Alterations in the structure of the pericarp cells, chemical components, hydrolase activities, and expression of genes encoding these hydrolases were all hypothesized to be a result of the loss of YFT1 function. This was further affirmed by RNA-seq analysis, where a total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 50/133 down-/upregulated) were identified between yft1 and cv. M82. These DEGs were mainly annotated as participating in ethylene- and auxin-related signal transduction, sugar metabolism, and photosynthesis. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying the control of fruit softening.
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Gilannejad N, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Yúfera M, Moyano FJ. Modelling digestive hydrolysis of nutrients in fish using factorial designs and desirability function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206556. [PMID: 30383874 PMCID: PMC6211707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Models simulating the in vitro digestive hydrolysis of nutrients by different animal species are frequently used to obtain a better understanding of factors affecting this process. Optimization algorithm of a model may be used to prospect the more favourable combination of selected factors resulting in the higher performance. This study was conducted to determine the combination of factors (pH, enzyme:substrate ratio, and reaction time) leading to highest bioavailability of proteins and carbohydrates in the gilthead seabream gastrointestinal tract. Besides, a novel multi-objective algorithm, desirability function, was introduced for optimization of the digestive hydrolysis of nutrients within the simulated gut of the species, using models based on the Response Surface Methodology. Design of experiment was defined based on the physiology and culture conditions of the species, and in vitro assays were performed in a two-phase (stomach ad intestine) digestion process, using the species-specific enzyme extract. According to results, intestinal phase of digestion makes the major contribution to the total protein hydrolysis, being the efficiency of the process directly correlated to all the three studied factors. In contrast, the efficiency of carbohydrate hydrolysis was directly correlated to the amount of substrate and inversely to the pH, while reaction time did not exert a significant effect. The physiological range of the factors studied in the assays favoured the hydrolysis of proteins over carbohydrates, a similar scenario to that observed in the live fish. Results from the mathematical models and their simultaneous optimization obtained from this work may have practical applications in design of feeds for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Gilannejad
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Yúfera
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Moyano
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Lou XW, Zhang YB, Sun YY, Wang Y, Pan DD, Cao JX. The change of volatile compounds of two kinds of vinasse-cured ducks during processing. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2607-2617. [PMID: 29660061 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinasse-cured duck was processed by boiling, salting, and vinasse-dry-curing or vinasse-wet-curing. Volatile compounds, moisture contents, reducing sugars, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values during processing were determined. Reducing sugars decreased during boiling and increased after vinasse-curing. TBARS values increased throughout the processing. The volatiles of ducks during processing and vinasse-curing agents (dry vinasse and vinasse sauce) were 125 compounds. The first principal component (PC1) belonged to the flavor of cooked duck, whereas the second principal component (PC2) represented the flavor of yellow rice wine. The 66.49 and 29.61% of typical aroma of vinasse-dry-cured product were from dry vinasse and lipid oxidation, respectively, whereas the 75.58 and 21.89% of aroma of vinasse-wet-cured product were from vinasse sauce and lipid oxidation, respectively. Lipid oxidation products increased after boiling, whereas salting promoted their release. Compared with vinasse-wet-cured duck, vinasse-dry-cured product presented richer aroma of lipid oxidation and weaker flavor of vinasse-curing agents. Besides, protein denaturation which was caused by ethanol could influence the retention and release of flavor. In conclusion, two kinds of vinasse-curing methods influenced the characteristic volatiles of products and their generation during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Lou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Y B Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Y Y Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - D D Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - J X Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Wang H, Gong M, Xin H, Tang L, Dai D, Gao Y, Liu C. Effects of chilling stress on the accumulation of soluble sugars and their key enzymes in Jatropha curcas seedlings. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:857-865. [PMID: 30150860 PMCID: PMC6103934 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As osmolytes and signaling molecules, soluble sugars participate in the response and adaptation of plants to environmental stresses. In the present study, we measured the effect of chilling (12 °C) stress on the contents of eight soluble sugars in the leaves, cotyledons, stems, and roots of Jatropha curcas seedlings, as well as on the activities of eight rate-limiting enzymes that are critical to the metabolism of those soluble sugars. Chilling stress promoted both starch hydrolysis and soluble sugar accumulation. The soluble sugar contents of the leaves and cotyledons were affected more than that of the stems and roots. Meanwhile, the activities of the corresponding metabolic enzymes (e.g., β-amylase, uridine diphosphate glucose phosphorylase, and sucrose phosphate synthase) also increased in some organs. The gradual increase of soluble neutral alkaline invertase activity in the four studied organs suggested that sucrose catabolic production, such as glucose and fructose, was especially important in determining resistance to chilling stress and hexose signal transduction pathway. In addition, the substantial accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides and increase in corresponding metabolic enzyme activity suggested that galactinol and raffinose play an important role in determining the chilling resistance of J. curcas. Together, these findings establish a foundation for determining the relationship between the chilling resistance and soluble sugar accumulation of J. curcas and for investigating the mechanisms underlying sugar signaling transduction and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Xin
- Academy of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhou Tang
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongqin Dai
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
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Antifatigue Potential Activity of Sarcodon imbricatus in Acute Excise-Treated and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Mice via Regulation of Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9140896. [PMID: 30050662 PMCID: PMC6046126 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9140896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcodon imbricatus (SI), a precious edible fungus, contains 35.22% of total sugar, 18.33% of total protein, 24 types of fatty acid, 16 types of amino acid, and 8 types of minerals. Encouragingly, it is rich in potential antioxidants such as total polyphenols (0.41%), total sterols (3.16%), and vitamins (0.44%). In the present study, the antifatigue properties of SI and its potential mechanisms of action were explored by the experiments on acute excise-treated mice and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) mice. SI (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg) significantly enhanced exercise tolerance in the weight-loaded forced swimming test (FST) and rota-rod test (RRT) and reduced the immobility in the tail suspension test on CFS mice. SI markedly increased the levels of glycogen in the liver and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver and muscle and decreased the lactic acid (LD) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content in both acute swimming-treated mice and CFS mice. SI improved the endogenous cellular antioxidant enzyme contents in the two mouse models by improving the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, liver, and muscle, respectively. In CFS mice, the enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SOD1, SOD2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and catalase (CAT) in the liver were observed after a 32-day SI administration. Our data indicated that SI possessed antifatigue activity, which may be related to its ability to normalize energy metabolism and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Consequently, SI can be expected to serve as a novel natural antifatigue supplement in health foods.
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Souza MFD, Silva ASD, Bon EP. A novel Trichoderma harzianum strain from the Amazon Forest with high cellulolytic capacity. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, Sui X, Huang D. Mitigating the in vitro enzymatic digestibility of noodles by aqueous extracts of Malay cherry leaves. Food Chem 2017; 232:571-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sricharoen P, Lamaiphan N, Patthawaro P, Limchoowong N, Techawongstien S, Chanthai S. Phytochemicals in Capsicum oleoresin from different varieties of hot chilli peppers with their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities due to some phenolic compounds. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 38:629-639. [PMID: 27544798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to its wide use in nutritional therapy, a capsicum oleoresin extraction from hot chilli pepper was optimized using ultrasound assisted extraction. Under optimal conditions, a 0.1g sample in 10mL of a 20% water in methanol solution was extracted at 50°C for 20min to remove phytochemicals consisting of oleoresin, phenolics, carotenoids, flavonoids, capsaicinoids (pungency level), reducing sugars. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the crude extracts from 14 chilli pepper varieties were examined. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of some phenolic compounds were also tested individually. The results showed that these chilli pepper samples are a rich source of phytochemicals with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. High antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assays. The crude extracts had a lower level of sugars induced by the inhibitory effect of α-amylase activity. Thus, their enzymatic inhibitory effect might have resulted from a synergism among the phytochemicals concerned. Therefore, a diet with this type of food may have beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phitchan Sricharoen
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nattida Lamaiphan
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pongpisoot Patthawaro
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nunticha Limchoowong
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suchila Techawongstien
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Saksit Chanthai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Wang J, Xie L, Wang T, Wu F, Meng J, Liu J, Xu H. Visible light-switched cytosol release of siRNA by amphiphilic fullerene derivative to enhance RNAi efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2017; 59:158-169. [PMID: 28511875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cationic macromolecules are attractive for use as small interfering RNA (siRNA) carriers due to their performance in non-immunological reactions, customization during synthesis, and low costs compared to viral carriers. However, their low transfection efficiency substantially hinders their application in both clinical practices and academic research, which is mostly attributable to the low capacity of siRNA/cationic macromolecule complexes to escape lysosomes. To address this challenge, we designed an amphiphilic fullerene derivative (C60-Dex-NH2) for efficient and controllable siRNA delivery. To synthesize C60-Dex-NH2, terminally aminated dextran was conjugated to C60. The conjugate was further cationized by covalently introducing ethylenediamine to the dextran. The physicochemical characteristics of C60-Dex-NH2 was examined with elemental analyses, gel permeation chromatography, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C, HPDEC), agarose gel electrophoresis, and dynamic light scattering. The cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, intracellular distribution, and in vitro RNA interference (RNAi) of siRNA/C60-Dex-NH2 complex was evaluated in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The RNAi efficiencies mediated by C60-Dex-NH2in vivo was evaluated in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that C60-Dex-NH2 has a specific amphiphilic skeleton and could form micelle-like aggregate structures in water, which could prevent siRNA from destroying by reactive oxygen species (ROS). When exposed to visible light, C60-Dex-NH2 could trigger controllable ROS generation which could destroy the lysosome membrane, promote the lysosomal escape, and enhance the gene silencing efficiency of siRNA in vitro and in vivo. The gene silencing efficiency could reach a maximum of 53% in the MDA-MB-231-EGFP cells and 69% in the 4T1-GFP-Luc2 tumor-bearing mice. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We designed a novel photosensitive amphiphilic carrier (C60-Dex-NH2) for efficient and controllable siRNA delivery, which can be used in gene therapy. We showed that C60-Dex-NH2 could destroy lysosome membrane via controllable generation of ROS when exposed to light, which can help siRNA to escape from lysosome before degradation. This can enhance the gene silencing efficiency significantly and provides a useful way to regulate RNAi efficiency by light. One advantage for C60-Dex-NH2 system is C60 has broad absorbance spectrum and can be activated by weak visible light; Furthermore, C60-Dex-NH2 has a specific amphiphilic structure, which may prevent siRNA from degrading and allows C60-Dex-NH2 to embed into the lipid membrane of lysosome to improve the ROS induced lysosomal disturbance after internalization.
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