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Memon K, Memon R, Khalid A, Al-Anzi BS, Uddin S, Sherazi STH, Chandio A, Talpur FN, Latif AA, Liaqat I. Synthesis of PVP-capped trimetallic nanoparticles and their efficient catalytic degradation of organic dyes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29270-29282. [PMID: 37818256 PMCID: PMC10560875 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03663d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study proposes a simple and efficient way to synthesize a heterogeneous catalyst that can be used for the degradation of organic dyes. A simple and fast chemical process was employed to synthesize Au: Ni: Co tri-metal nanohybrid structures, which were used as a catalyst to eliminate toxic organic dye contamination from wastewater in textile industries. The catalyst's performance was tested by degrading individual dyes as well as mixtures of dyes such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), methyl red (MR), and Rose Bengal (RB) at various time intervals. The experimental results show the catalytic high degradation efficiency of different dyes achieving 72-90% rates in 29 s. Moreover, the material displayed excellent recycling stability, maintaining its degradation efficiency over four consecutive runs without any degradation in performance. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that these materials possess efficient catalytic properties, opening avenues toward their use in clean energy alternatives, environmental remediation, and other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh 76080 Pakistan
| | - Roomia Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh 76080 Pakistan
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center Tuzla 34956 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Awais Khalid
- Department of Physics, Hazara University Mansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21300 Pakistan
| | - Bader S Al-Anzi
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Management, Kuwait University P.O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait
| | - Siraj Uddin
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | | | - Answer Chandio
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh 76080 Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh 76080 Pakistan
| | - Asma Abdul Latif
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan
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Rizvi OS, Ikhlaq A, Ashar UU, Qazi UY, Akram A, Kalim I, Alazmi A, Ibn Shamsah SM, Alawi Al-Sodani KA, Javaid R, Qi F. Application of poly aluminum chloride and alum as catalyst in catalytic ozonation process after coagulation for the treatment of textile wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:115977. [PMID: 36113296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Textile wastewater is ranked highly contaminated among all industrial waste. During textile processing, the consumption of dyes and complex chemicals at various stages makes textile industrial wastewater highly challenging. Therefore, conventional processes based on single-unit treatment may not be sufficient to comply with the environmental quality discharge standards and more stringent guidelines for zero discharge of hazardous chemicals (ZDHC). In this study, a novel approach was followed by recycling Poly aluminum chloride (PACl) and Alum as a catalyst for the first time in the catalytic ozonation treatment process leading to a nascent method after using them as a coagulant in Coagulation/Flocculation. In the current investigation, six different combinations were studied to remove turbidity, TSS, COD, BOD5, color, and biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratios) of wastewater. Moreover, Central Composite Design was implied using RSM in Minitab software. During the combination of treatment processes, it was found that the pre-coagulation/flocculation with coagulant PACl followed by post-catalytic ozonation with recycled PACl, a more effective treatment than others. The optimum R.E of turbidity, TSS, COD, and color were 84%, 86%, 89%, and 98%, respectively. Moreover, a decrease in toxicity and increase in biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio from 0.29 to 0.54) was observed as well. The electrical energy demand and operational costs of treatment processes were estimated and compared with other treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Shaheen Rizvi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan.
| | - Amir Ikhlaq
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan.
| | - Ubaid Ullah Ashar
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan.
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asia Akram
- University of Management and Technology, Johar Town Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Kalim
- Food & Biotechnology Research Center of P.C.S.I.R Labs. Complex, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amira Alazmi
- Department of Chemistry, University Colleges at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami M Ibn Shamsah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin. P.O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled A Alawi Al-Sodani
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rahat Javaid
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0298, Japan.
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Qazi UY, Iftikhar R, Ikhlaq A, Riaz I, Jaleel R, Nusrat R, Javaid R. Application of Fe-RGO for the removal of dyes by catalytic ozonation process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89485-89497. [PMID: 35852749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to continuous industrialization, the discharge of hazardous dyes has enormously disrupted the ecosystem causing environmental problems. Due to the stable recalcitrant nature of dyes, advanced catalytic ozonation processes with the latest catalyst are under investigation. Fe-RGO is an effective oxidation catalyst, and the metal loaded platform provides enhanced catalytic performance. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Fe-RGO/O3 process for the removal of dyes. In the current research, the application of iron-coated reduced graphene oxide (Fe-RGO) was studied as a catalyst in the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process to remove dyes. Methylene blue (MB) was selected as a model pollutant. RGO was prepared using the improved Hummers method and was coated with iron (Fe) implying the impregnation method. The FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and BET analyses of RG and Fe-RGO were performed to characterize the catalyst. The effect of various parameters such as pH (3-10), catalyst dose (0.01-0.04 g), and radical scavengers (NaHCO3, NaCl) on removal efficiency was elucidated. The result revealed an excellent catalytic efficiency of Fe-RGO in the ozonation process. At optimum conditions, 96% removal efficiency was achieved in catalytic ozonation at pH 7 with a catalyst dose of 0.02 g and ozone dose 0.5 mg/min, after 10 min. Interestingly, a slight decrease in removal efficiency was observed in the catalytic ozonation process in hydroxyl radical scavengers (NaCl and NaHCO3), which makes the proposed catalyst more applicable in real conditions. Therefore, it is concluded that Fe-RGO can be used as an excellent catalyst for the removal of dyes in real conditions where radical scavengers may be present in a significant amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Iftikhar
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore, 54890, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ikhlaq
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore, 54890, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Ibtsam Riaz
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore, 54890, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Jaleel
- Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore, 54890, Punjab, Pakistan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rabia Nusrat
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore, 54890, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Javaid
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0298, Japan.
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Synergistically Improved Catalytic Ozonation Process Using Iron-Loaded Activated Carbons for the Removal of Arsenic in Drinking Water. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14152406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This research attempts to find a new approach for the removal of arsenic (As) from drinking water by developing a novel solution. To the author’s knowledge, iron-loaded activated carbons (Fe-AC) have not been previously applied for the removal of As in a synergistic process using ozonation and catalytic ozonation processes. The As was investigated using drinking water samples in different areas of Lahore, Pakistan, and the As removal was compared with and without using catalysts. The results also suggested that the catalytic ozonation process significantly removes As as compared with single ozonation and adsorption processes. Moreover, a feed ozone of 1.0 mg/min and catalyst dose of 10 g was found to maintain a maximum removal efficiency of 98.6% within 30 min. The results of the catalyst dose–effect suggested that the removal of As tends to increase with the increase in catalysts amount. Hence, it is concluded that the Fe-AC/O3 process efficiently removes As in water. Moreover, it was established that the Fe-AC/O3 process might be regarded as an effective method for removing As from drinking water compared to the single ozonation and adsorption processes.
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Application of Nanocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Purification: Challenges and Future Prospects. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in population demands for industrialization and urbanization which led to the introduction of novel hazardous chemicals in our environment. The most significant parts of these harmful substances found in water bodies remain in the background, causing a health risk to humans and animals. It is critical to remove these toxic chemicals from the wastewater to keep a cleaner and greener environment. Hence, wastewater treatment is a challenging area these days to manage liquid wastes effectively. Therefore, scientists are in search of novel technologies to treat and recycle wastewater, and nanotechnology is one of them, thanks to the potential of nanoparticles to effectively clean wastewater while also being ecologically benign. However, there is relatively little information about nanocatalysts’ applicability, efficacy, and challenges for future applications in wastewater purification. This review paper is designed to summarize the recent studies on applying various types of nanocatalysts for wastewater purification. This review paper highlights innovative work utilizing nanocatalysts for wastewater applications and identifies issues and challenges to overcome for the practical implementation of nanocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
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Future of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel for Next-Generation Industrial Applications; Challenges and Expected Opportunities. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A general rise in environmental and anthropogenically induced greenhouse gas emissions has resulted from worldwide population growth and a growing appetite for clean energy, industrial outputs, and consumer utilization. Furthermore, well-established, advanced, and emerging countries are seeking fossil fuel and petroleum resources to support their aviation, electric utilities, industrial sectors, and consumer processing essentials. There is an increasing tendency to overcome these challenging concerns and achieve the Paris Agreement’s priorities as emerging technological advances in clean energy technologies progress. Hydrogen is expected to be implemented in various production applications as a fundamental fuel in future energy carrier materials development and manufacturing processes. This paper summarizes recent developments and hydrogen technologies in fuel refining, hydrocarbon processing, materials manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, aircraft construction, electronics, and other hydrogen applications. It also highlights the existing industrialization scenario and describes prospective innovations, including theoretical scientific advancements, green raw materials production, potential exploration, and renewable resource integration. Moreover, this article further discusses some socioeconomic implications of hydrogen as a green resource.
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Application of Attapulgite Clay-Based Fe-Zeolite 5A in UV-Assisted Catalytic Ozonation for the Removal of Ciprofloxacin. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2846453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, Fe-zeolite 5A (Fe-Z5A) efficacy in the UV-assisted ozonation process to remove ciprofloxacin (CF) in wastewater is investigated. FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, and the mass transfer process for point of zero charge are used to characterize the catalyst. Furthermore, the synergic process (UV/O3/Fe-Z5A) is compared with O3, O3/UV, and Fe-Z5A/O3 processes. The influence of catalyst dose, hydroxyl radical scavenger, and off-gas ozone released is discussed. The removal efficiency of CF in wastewater (for the synergic process) is compared with a single ozonation process. The results indicate that the synergic process was more efficient than others, with about 73% CF being removed (in 60 minutes) in the synergic process. The results also show that synergic processes produce less off-gas ozone than other processes, suggesting more ozone consumption in the synergic process, and confirmed by the radical scavenger effect and hydrogen peroxide decomposition studies. The Fe-Z5A was found to operate through a hydroxyl mechanism in which Fe worked as an active site that promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Finally, the synergic process was more efficient than the ozonation process in the wastewater matrix. Hence, Fe-Z5A/O3/UV pathway is highly efficient for the degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater.
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Xu H, Ma Y, Chen J, Zhang WX, Yang J. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate - a step towards a sustainable nitrogen cycle. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2710-2758. [PMID: 35274646 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate enrichment, which is mainly caused by the over-utilization of fertilisers and industrial sewage discharge, is a major global engineering challenge because of its negative influence on the environment and human health. To solve this serious problem, many technologies, such as the activated sludge method, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, adsorption, and electrodialysis, have been developed to reduce the nitrate levels in water bodies. However, the applications of these traditional techniques are limited by several drawbacks, such as a long sludge retention time, slow kinetics, and undesirable by-products. From an environmental perspective, the most promising nitrate reduction technology is enabled to convert nitrate into benign N2, and features low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Recently, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction has been proven by satisfactory research achievements to be one of the most promising methods among these technologies. This review provides a comprehensive account of nitrate reduction using electrocatalysis methods. The fundamentals of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, including the reaction mechanisms, reactor design principles, product detection methods, and performance evaluation methods, have been systematically summarised. A detailed introduction to electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on transition metals, especially noble metals and alloys, Cu-based electrocatalysts, and Fe-based electrocatalysts is provided, as they are essential for the accurate reporting of experimental results. The current challenges and potential opportunities in this field, including the innovation of material design systems, value-added product yields, and challenges for products beyond N2 and large-scale sewage treatment, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Mazhar S, Qazi UY, Nadeem N, Zahid M, Jalil A, Khan F, Ul-Hasan I, Shahid I. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using polyaniline-based silver-doped zinc sulfide (PANI-Ag/ZnS) composites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9203-9217. [PMID: 34494196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to determine the photocatalytic degradation potential of polyaniline-based silver-doped zinc sulfide composite (PANI-Ag/ZnS) for effective degradation of methylene blue. The heterogeneous photocatalytic experiments were carried out by irradiating aqueous dye solutions with ultraviolet light (UV-254 nm). The catalysts (ZnS, Ag/ZnS, PANI-ZnS, and PANI-Ag/ZnS) were prepared successfully and characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). Combined with density functional theory calculations, a set of calculations has been performed for optimization, computation, and accuracy of the structure. After the optimization, the equilibrium lattice were a=b= (0.54447 nm), in good agreement with experimental results (a=b=c=0.54093 nm). Fermi energy levels Ef, indicating Ag-doped in ZnS as the impurity acceptor and for better visible-light photo-catalysis, narrow bandgap, and acceptor states are beneficial. The optimization of effective parameters like pH, catalyst dose, oxidant dose, dye concentration, and reaction time was carried out. The best degradation efficiency (> 95%) of PANI-Ag/ZnS composite against methylene was achieved within 60 min of reaction time under optimized conditions. The optimized conditions were recoded as follows: pH = 7, catalysts dose = 30 mg/L, oxidant dose = 3 mM, and irradiation time = 60 min under UV-254 nm for all catalysts. The central composite design (CCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was chosen as a statistical tool to obtain the correlation of influential parameters. Five successive reusability trials were carried out to check the stability of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Mazhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nimra Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Jalil
- Department of Physics , Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareeda Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ul-Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Javaid R, Qazi UY, Ikhlaq A, Zahid M, Alazmi A. Subcritical and supercritical water oxidation for dye decomposition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112605. [PMID: 33894487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The total annual output of synthetic dyes exceeds 7 × 105 tons. About 1,000 tons of non-biodegradable synthetic dyes are released every year into the natural streams and water sources from textile wastes. The release of these colored wastewater exerts negative impact on aquatic ecology and human beings because of the poisonous and carcinogenic repercussions of dyes involved in coloration production. Therefore, with a growing interest in the environment, efficient technologies need to be developed to eliminate dyes from local and industrial wastewater. Supercritical water oxidation as a promising wastewater treatment technology has many advantages, such as a rapid reaction and pollution-free products. However, due to corrosion, salt precipitation and operational problems, supercritical water oxidation process did not gain expected industrial development. These technical difficulties can be overcome by application of non-corrosive subcritical water as a reaction medium. This work summarizes the negative impacts of dyes and role of subcritical and supercritical water and their efficiencies in dye oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Javaid
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0298, Japan.
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia; Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Amir Ikhlaq
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, 54890, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amira Alazmi
- Department of Chemistry, University Colleges at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin. P.O Box 1803 Hafr Al Batin 39524, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Of all the available resources given to mankind, the sunlight is perhaps the most abundant renewable energy resource, providing more than enough energy on earth to satisfy all the needs of humanity for several hundred years. Therefore, it is transient and sporadic that poses issues with how the energy can be harvested and processed when the sun does not shine. Scientists assume that electro/photoelectrochemical devices used for water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen may have one solution to solve this hindrance. Water electrolysis-generated hydrogen is an optimal energy carrier to store these forms of energy on scalable levels because the energy density is high, and no air pollution or toxic gas is released into the environment after combustion. However, in order to adopt these devices for readily use, they have to be low-cost for manufacturing and operation. It is thus crucial to develop electrocatalysts for water splitting based on low-cost and land-rich elements. In this review, I will summarize current advances in the synthesis of low-cost earth-abundant electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, with a particular focus on how to be linked with photoelectrocatalytic water splitting devices. The major obstacles that persist in designing these devices. The potential future developments in the production of efficient electrocatalysts for water electrolysis are also described.
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Combined Iron-Loaded Zeolites and Ozone-Based Process for the Purification of Drinking Water in a Novel Hybrid Reactor: Removal of Faecal Coliforms and Arsenic. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to provide a novel solution to treat drinking water at household levels, specifically removing arsenic (As) and faecal coliforms (microbes). In the current investigation, a synergistic iron-loaded zeolites and ozonation process (O3/Fe-ZA) was used for the first time in a modified batch reactor to remove coliform bacteria and arsenic in tap water. Moreover, the study utilizes the human health risk assessment model to confirm the health risk due to As intake in drinking water. The risk assessment study revealed a health risk threat among the residents suffering from the adverse effects of As through its intake in drinking water. Furthermore, the results also suggested that the O3/Fe-ZA process significantly removes faecal coliforms and As, when compared with single ozonation processes. Additionally, the ozone dose 0.2 mg/min and Fe-ZA dose of 10 g (in the O3/Fe-ZA process) gives the maximum removal efficiency of 100% within 15 min for faecal coliform removal. In 30 min, the removal efficiency of 88.4% was achieved at the ozone dose of 0.5 mg/min and 93% removal efficiency was achieved using 10 g Fe-ZA for the removal of As in the O3/Fe-ZA process. Hence, it was concluded that the O3/Fe-ZA process may be regarded as an effective method for removing faecal coliforms and As from drinking water compared to the single ozonation processes.
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El-Khalafy S, Hassanein M, Abd-Elal M, Atia A. Oxidation of azo dye Orange II with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(diethylmethylammonio)phenyl]porphyrinato-cobalt(II)tetraiodide in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Javaid R, Qazi UY. Catalytic Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Synthetic Dyes: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2066. [PMID: 31212717 PMCID: PMC6603921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dyes are used in various industries as coloring agents. The discharge of dyes, specifically synthetic dyes, in wastewater represents a serious environmental problem and causes public health concerns. The implementation of regulations for wastewater discharge has forced research towards either the development of new processes or the improvement of available techniques to attain efficient degradation of dyes. Catalytic oxidation is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the active radicals produced during the reaction in the presence of a catalyst. This paper reviews the problems of dyes and hydroxyl radical-based oxidation processes, including Fenton's process, non-iron metal catalysts, and the application of thin metal catalyst-coated tubular reactors in detail. In addition, the sulfate radical-based catalytic oxidation technique has also been described. This study also includes the effects of various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, the concentration of the oxidant, the initial concentration of dyes, and reaction time on the catalytic decomposition of dyes. Moreover, this paper analyzes the recent studies on catalytic oxidation processes. From the present study, it can be concluded that catalytic oxidation processes are very active and environmentally friendly methods for dye removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Javaid
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan.
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O Box 1803 Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia.
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Javaid R, Qazi UY, Kawasaki SI. Highly efficient decomposition of Remazol Brilliant Blue R using tubular reactor coated with thin layer of PdO. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 180:551-556. [PMID: 27322817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel approach to dye decomposition under subcritical water conditions using a continuous-flow tubular reactor coated with thin layer of PdO as a catalyst. Remazole Brilliant Blue R was used as an example of synthetic dyes. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an environmental-friendly oxidant as it leaves no residues after treatment. The effect of temperature, pressure and dye concentration on total organic carbon (TOC) removal were studied. 99.9% of TOC removal was achieved at 300 °C and 10 MPa pressure within a short residence time of 3.2 s. This method provided an efficient and rapid process that has a potential for treating a wide range of textile wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Javaid
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan; Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan.
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawasaki
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan
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Javaid R, Qazi UY, Kawasaki SI. Efficient and Continuous Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Using a Silica Capillary Coated with a Thin Palladium or Platinum Layer. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Javaid
- Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawasaki
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST
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Javaid R, Kawasaki SI, Suzuki A, Suzuki TM. Simple and rapid hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol with aqueous formic acid in catalytic flow reactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1156-63. [PMID: 23843908 PMCID: PMC3701373 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner surface of a metallic tube (i.d. 0.5 mm) was coated with a palladium (Pd)-based thin metallic layer by flow electroless plating. Simultaneous plating of Pd and silver (Ag) from their electroless-plating solution produced a mixed distributed bimetallic layer. Preferential acid leaching of Ag from the Pd–Ag layer produced a porous Pd surface. Hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol was examined in the presence of formic acid simply by passing the reaction solution through the catalytic tubular reactors. p-Aminophenol was the sole product of hydrogenation. No side reaction occurred. Reaction conversion with respect to p-nitrophenol was dependent on the catalyst layer type, the temperature, pH, amount of formic acid, and the residence time. A porous and oxidized Pd (PdO) surface gave the best reaction conversion among the catalytic reactors examined. p-Nitrophenol was converted quantitatively to p-aminophenol within 15 s of residence time in the porous PdO reactor at 40 °C. Evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) was observed during the reaction, although hydrogen (H2) was not found in the gas phase. Dehydrogenation of formic acid did not occur to any practical degree in the absence of p-nitrophenol. Consequently, the nitro group was reduced via hydrogen transfer from formic acid to p-nitrophenol and not by hydrogen generated by dehydrogenation of formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Javaid
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan
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Javaid R, Kawasaki SI, Ookawara R, Sato K, Nishioka M, Suzuki A, Suzuki TM. Continuous Dehydrogenation of Aqueous Formic Acid under Sub-Critical Conditions by Use of Hollow Tubular Reactor Coated with Thin Palladium Oxide Layer. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.13we184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Javaid
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Shin-ichiro Kawasaki
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Ryuto Ookawara
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Koichi Sato
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Masateru Nishioka
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, AIST
| | - Toshishige M. Suzuki
- Research Center for Compact Chemical System, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, AIST
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