Synergistic bimetallic RuMo catalysts for selective rearrangement of furfural to cyclopentanol in aqueous phase

Cu-Co Bimetallic Catalyst-based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Determination of Bisoprolol in Clinical Samples

BACKGROUND

Bisoprolol (BIS) is a selective beta-blocker. It has been successfully used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. An overdose of BIS can lead to serious complications. An overdose is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention to overcome the adverse effects of the overdose. Hence, sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective methods are required for the determination of BIS.

METHODS

In this work, a new electrochemical sensing platform based on a bimetallic catalyst was developed for the determination of BIS. The Cu-Co nanocatalyst was easily synthesized by galvanic displacement onto a carbon paste electrode (CPE). Then, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were utilized for the characterization of the Cu-Co catalyst.

RESULTS

The galvanic displacement of Cu metal significantly affected the electro-catalytic behavior of the Cu-Co catalyst and the Cu-Co/CPE electrode displayed a very sensitive and accurate response towards BIS. Under optimized conditions, the response was linear in the 3 to 120 μM concentration range, sensitivity of 631.1 μA mM-1 and a detection limit of as low as 0.4 μM using cyclic voltammetry. The simple proposed method was also successfully employed in the analysis of BIS in biological and pharmaceutical samples. The advantages of Cu-Co/CPE are its fast and simple manufacturing and the possibility of a repeated surface regeneration of the sensing platform, as well as its application for the detection of BIS in tablets and biological samples, making Cu-Co significant promise for use in clinical diagnostics. Besides, the synthesized catalysts showed excellent reusability and stability.

CONCLUSION

The presence of Cu metal due to galvanic displacement increased the sensitivity. These findings suggest that the new nanocatalyst has potential applications in sensors and electronics.

A Comprehensive Review on Metal Catalysts for the Production of Cyclopentanone Derivatives from Furfural and HMF

The catalytic transformation of biomass-based furan compounds (furfural and HMF) for the synthesis of organic chemicals is one of the important ways to utilize renewable biomass resources. Among the numerous high-value products, cyclopentanone derivatives are a kind of valuable compound obtained by the hydrogenation rearrangement of furfural and HMF in the aqueous phase of metal-hydrogen catalysis. Following the vast application of cyclopentanone derivatives, this reaction has attracted wide attention since its discovery, and a large number of catalytic systems have been reported to be effective in this transformation. Among them, the design and synthesis of metal catalysts are at the core of the reaction. This review briefly introduces the application of cyclopentanone derivatives, the transformation mechanism, and the pathway of biomass-based furan compounds for the synthesis of cyclopentanone derivatives. The important progress of metal catalysts in the reaction since the first report in 2012 up to now is emphasized, the characteristics and catalytic performance of different metal catalysts are introduced, and the critical role of metal catalysts in the reaction is discussed. Finally, the future development of this transformation process was prospected.

Selective aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over Ni-based CNT catalysts

AbstractCyclopentanol (CPL) was an eco-friendly solvent as well as important platform chemical which could be generated from biomass-derived furfural (FFA). In this paper, A series of Ni, Cu, Mo, Co bimetallic catalysts with different metals loadings supported on Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized by an impregnation method for aqueous-phase hydrogenation of FFA to obtain CPL. Various effects of reaction parameters such as, reaction solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time, and different loading amount of Ni over bimetallic Ni-based CNT catalysts were fully investigated. Among the catalysts studied, (15 + 5) wt% NiCu/CNT catalysts showed high conversion of FFA and 88% selectivity towards CPL in water and 96% selectivity towards acetal in methanol at mild condition of 160℃, 2 MPa hydrogen and 4 h reaction time. NiCu bimetallic synergistic effect was interpreted through H₂-TPR and NH₃-TPD measurement and a possible pathway was proposed. The features of the CNT supported catalysts were investigated via XRD, XPS, TEM, H₂-TPR and NH₃-TPD. The Ni and bimetallic NiCu catalysts synthesized in this work were inexpensive and simple, which made them a promising candidate for the conversion of biomass-derived FFA to CPL.

Catalytic Transformation of Biomass-Derived Furfurals to Cyclopentanones and Their Derivatives: A Review

Furfural (FF) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) are well-recognized biomass-derived chemical building blocks with established applications and markets for several of their derivatives. Attaining a wide spectrum of petrochemicals is the primary target of a biorefinery that employs FF and HMF as the chemical feedstock. In this regard, cyclopentanone (CPN) is a crucial petrochemical intermediate used for synthesizing a diverse range of compounds with immense commercial prospects. The hydrogenative ring rearrangement of FF to CPN in an aqueous medium under catalytic hydrogenation conditions was first reported in 2012, whereas the first report on the catalytic conversion of HMF to 3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanone (HCPN) was published in 2014. Over the past decade, several investigations have been undertaken in converting FF and HMF to CPN and HCPN, respectively. The research studies aimed to improve the scalability, selectivity, environmental footprint, and cost competitiveness of the process. A blend of theoretical and experimental studies has helped to develop efficient, inexpensive, and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts that work under mild reaction conditions while providing excellent yields of CPN and HCPN. The time is ripe to consolidate the data in this area of research and analyze them rigorously in a review article. This work will assist both beginners and experts of this field in acknowledging the accomplishments to date, recognize the challenges, and strategize the way forward.

Sequential electrodeposition of Cu-Pt bimetallic nanocatalysts on boron-doped diamond electrodes for the simple and rapid detection of methanol

In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor for methanol determination was established by developing a bimetallic catalyst with superiority to a monometallic catalyst. A Cu–Pt nanocatalyst was proposed and easily synthesized by sequential electrodeposition onto a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The successful deposition of this nanocatalyst was then verified by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrodeposition technique and sequence of metal deposition significantly affected the surface morphology and electrocatalytic properties of the Cu–Pt nanocatalyst. The presence of Cu atoms reduced the adsorption of other species on the Pt surface, consequently enhancing the long-term stability and poisoning tolerance of Pt nanocatalysts during the methanol oxidation process. This advanced sensor was also integrated with sequential injection analysis to achieve automated and high-throughput analysis. This combination can significantly improve the detection limit of the developed sensor by approximately 100 times compared with that of the cyclic voltammetric technique. The limit of detection of this sensor was 83 µM (S/N = 3), and wide linearity of the standard curve for methanol concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 mM was achieved. Finally, this proposed sensor was successfully applied to detect methanol in fruit and vegetable beverage samples.

Renewable Cyclopentanol From Catalytic Hydrogenation-Rearrangement of Biomass Furfural Over Ruthenium-Molybdenum Bimetallic Catalysts

Biomass furfural-like compounds are chemicals that cannot be extracted from fossil materials, through which a large number of fine chemicals and fuel additives can be opened up, but one big efficiency problem during the transformation is the accumulation of oligomers. Here, we propose a novel and efficient Ru-Mo bimetallic catalyst for selective hydrogenation-rearrangement of furfural-like compounds. The result showed that an unprecedented rearrangement product selectivity of 89.1% to cyclopentanol was achieved under an optimized reaction condition over a 1%Ru−2.5%Mo/CNT catalyst reduced at 600°C. Subsequent characterization suggested that the catalyst presented with weak acidity and strong hydrogenation activity for the reaction, which not only ensures the smooth hydrogenation-rearrangement reaction but also inhibits the accumulation of furan polymers. These findings provide a convenient strategy to tune the catalytic performance of Mo-based catalysts by controlling the reduction and carburization conditions, which appear to be versatile for the rearrangement of furans and similar compounds.

Nature of polymeric condensates during furfural rearrangement to cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol over Cu-based catalysts

In-depth studies on condensate structures during furfural rearrangement to cyclopentanone are presented. Polymeric condensates with high levels of conjugation were the main cause for carbon loss and catalyst deactivation.