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Musial J, Mlynarczyk DT, Stanisz BJ. Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using TiO 2-based materials - Perspectives for the development of a sustainable water treatment technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159122. [PMID: 36183772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide-based materials is considered a promising and innovative solution to the water pollution problem. However, due to the limitations concerning the use of the developed materials and the applied photodegradation conditions, the research on photoremediation using TiO2 often stays behind the lab door. The challenge is to convert the basic research into a successful innovation, leading to the implementation of this process into wastewater treatment. For this purpose, the most active materials and optimal photodegradation conditions must be chosen. This article collects and compares the studies on photocatalytic degradation of an emerging pollutant - sulfamethoxazole, an antibacterial drug - and attempts to find the best approaches to be successfully applied on an industrial scale. Various types of TiO2-based photocatalysts are compared, including different nanoforms, doped or polymer-based composites, composites with graphene, activated carbon, dyes or natural compounds, as well as possible supporting materials for TiO2. The paper covers the impact of the irradiation source (natural sunlight, LED, mercury or xenon lamps) and water matrix on the photodegradation process, considering the ecological and economic sustainability of the process. Emphasis is put on the stability, ease of separation and reuse of the photocatalyst, power and safety of the irradiation source, identification of photodegradation intermediates and toxicity assays. The main approaches are critically discussed, main challenges and perspectives for an effective photocatalytic water treatment technology are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata J Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
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2
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Novel ZnO Photocatalysts for Pollutants’ Abatement under Solar Radiation at Pilot Plant Scale. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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A Comprehensive Study on the Applications of Clays into Advanced Technologies, with a Particular Attention on Biomedicine and Environmental Remediation. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a great interest has arisen around the integration of naturally occurring clays into a plethora of advanced technological applications, quite far from the typical fabrication of traditional ceramics. This “second (technological) life” of clays into fields of emerging interest is mainly due to clays’ peculiar properties, in particular their ability to exchange (capture) ions, their layered structure, surface area and reactivity, and their biocompatibility. Since the maximization of clay performances/exploitations passes through the comprehension of the mechanisms involved, this review aims at providing a useful text that analyzes the main goals reached by clays in different fields coupled with the analysis of the structure-property correlations. After providing an introduction mainly focused on the economic analysis of clays global trading, clays are classified basing on their structural/chemical composition. The main relevant physicochemical properties are discussed (particular attention has been dedicated to the influence of interlayer composition on clay properties). Lastly, a deep analysis of the main relevant nonconventional applications of clays is presented. Several case studies describing the use of clays in biomedicine, environmental remediation, membrane technology, additive manufacturing, and sol-gel processes are presented, and results critically discussed.
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García-Ballesteros S, García-Negueroles P, Amat AM, Arques A. Humic-Like Substances as Auxiliaries to Enhance Advanced Oxidation Processes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3151-3157. [PMID: 35128227 PMCID: PMC8811936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of humic-like substances (HLSs) in advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment is summarized in this work. HLSs share important characteristics with humic substances, and they can be isolated from different wastes using procedures that are related with their pH-dependent solubility. They are able to generate, upon irradiation, reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen or triplet excited states. Although photochemical removal of pollutants can be reached by HLSs, in general, irradiation times are very long. HLSs are good metal-complexing agents, and the Fe-HLS complex is able to participate in (photo)-Fenton-like processes at mild pH, preventing iron deactivation. Finally, novel hybrid materials with environmental applications have been synthesized using HLSs; in some cases, they also contain iron oxides, which allow a better separation but also the ability to drive heterogeneous (photo)-Fenton processes.
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Brillas E. A critical review on ibuprofen removal from synthetic waters, natural waters, and real wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131849. [PMID: 34426267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBP) is one ubiquitous drug prescribed as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. It has been detected in effluents of wastewater plant treatments, sewage sludge, hospital wastewaters, surface waters, and drinking water due to its continuous release to the environment, mainly from the excretion in the urine of animals and humans. IBP is a carcinogenic and non-steroidal endocrine disrupting drug with harmful effects over fungal, bacterial, algae, microorganisms, crustacean, and fish species, and can be potentially hazard for human health. Since conventional treatments remove inefficiently this drug, many advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed aiming their abatement from waters to avoid their harmful health problems. This paper presents an exhaustive and critical review on the application of AOPs to treat synthetic waters, natural waters, and real wastewaters polluted with IBP alone or mixed with other common drugs covering up to 2020. The characteristics and main results obtained for single, hybrid, and sequential treatments are described. Dielectric barrier or pulsed-corona discharges are detailed among the single processes. Hybrid processes such as photocatalysis (UV/H2O2, UV/chlorine, TiO2/UV), hybrid ozonation (O3/H2O2, electro-peroxone, catalytic ozonation), Fenton-based processes (photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, photoelectro-Fenton), zero-valent iron, ultrasonic, peroxymonosulfate, and persulfate, are discussed. The effect of the kind of irradiation (UV, visible, solar) on photo-assisted processes is analyzed. Sequential processes with biological pre- or post-treatments using or not membranes for natural water and real wastewater remediation are described. Finally, 38 by-products detected during IBP removal by AOPs are reported, allowing envisaging three parallel pathways for its initial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Miranda MO, Cabral Cavalcanti WE, Barbosa FF, Antonio de Sousa J, Ivan da Silva F, Pergher SBC, Braga TP. Photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen using titanium oxide: insights into the mechanism and preferential attack of radicals. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27720-27733. [PMID: 35480690 PMCID: PMC9037810 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work studied ibuprofen degradation using titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst. Mechanistic aspects were presented and the preferred attack sites by the OH˙ radical on the ibuprofen molecule were detailed, based on experimental and simple theoretical-computational results. Although some previous studies show mechanistic proposals, some aspects still need to be investigated, such as the participation of 4-isobutylacetophenone in the ibuprofen degradation and the preferred regions of attack by OH˙ radicals. The photodegradation was satisfactory using 0.03 g of TiO2 and pH = 5.0, reaching 100% decontamination in 5 min. The zeta potential curve showed the regions of attraction and repulsion between TiO2 and ibuprofen, depending on the pH range and charge of the species, influencing the amount of by-products formed. Different by-products have been identified by GC-MS, such as 4-isobutylacetophenone. Ibuprofen conversion to 4-isobutylacetophenone takes place through decarboxylation reaction followed by oxidation. The proposed mechanism indicates that the degradation of ibuprofen undergoes a series of elementary reactions in solution and on the surface. Three different radicals (OH˙, O2−˙ and OOH˙) are produced in the reaction sequence and contribute strongly to the oxidation and mineralization of ibuprofen and by-products, but the hydroxyl radical has a greater oxidation capacity. The simple study using the DFT approach demonstrated that the OH˙ radical attacks preferentially in the region of the ibuprofen molecule with high electronic density, which is located close to the aromatic ring (C
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C bond). The presence of the OH˙ radical was confirmed through a model reaction using salicylic acid as a probe molecule. The degradation of ibuprofen undergoes a series of elementary reactions, generating different radicals which attack preferentially in the region of the ibuprofen with high electron density.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Oliveira Miranda
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares (LABPMOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Av. Sen. Salgado FIlho, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova 59.078-970 Natal RN Brazil +55 84 933422323.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI) Rodovia PI 213 Zona Rural 64235-000 Cocal PI Brazil
| | - Wesley Eulálio Cabral Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares (LABPMOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Av. Sen. Salgado FIlho, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova 59.078-970 Natal RN Brazil +55 84 933422323
| | - Felipe Fernandes Barbosa
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares (LABPMOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Av. Sen. Salgado FIlho, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova 59.078-970 Natal RN Brazil +55 84 933422323
| | - José Antonio de Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella Ininga 64049-550 Teresina PI Brazil
| | | | - Sibele B C Pergher
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares (LABPMOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Av. Sen. Salgado FIlho, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova 59.078-970 Natal RN Brazil +55 84 933422323
| | - Tiago Pinheiro Braga
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares (LABPMOL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Av. Sen. Salgado FIlho, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova 59.078-970 Natal RN Brazil +55 84 933422323
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Application of TiO2-Based Photocatalysts to Antibiotics Degradation: Cases of Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive application of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine has led to their widespread occurrence in a natural aquatic environment. Global health crisis is associated with the fast development of antimicrobial resistance, as more and more infectious diseases cannot be treated more than once. Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin are the most commonly detected antibiotics in water systems worldwide. The persistent and toxic nature of these antibiotics makes their elimination by conventional treatment methods at wastewater treatment plants almost impossible. The application of advanced oxidation processes and heterogeneous photocatalysis over TiO2-based materials is a promising solution. This highly efficient technology has the potential to be sustainable, cost-efficient and energy-efficient. A comprehensive review on the application of various TiO2-based photocatalysts for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin is focused on highlighting their photocatalytic performance under various reaction conditions (different amounts of pollutant and photocatalyst, pH, light source, reaction media, presence of inorganic ions, natural organic matter, oxidants). Mineralization efficiency and ecotoxicity of final products have been also considered. Further research needs have been presented based on the literature findings. Among them, design and development of highly efficient under sunlight, stable, recyclable and cost-effective TiO2-based materials; usage of real wastewaters for photocatalytic tests; and compulsory assessment of products ecotoxicity are the most important research tasks in order to meet requirements for industrial application.
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Tummino ML, Nisticò R, Franzoso F, Bianco Prevot A, Calza P, Laurenti E, Paganini MC, Scalarone D, Magnacca G. The "Lab4treat" Outreach Experience: Preparation of Sustainable Magnetic Nanomaterials for Remediation of Model Wastewater. Molecules 2021; 26:3361. [PMID: 34199539 PMCID: PMC8199662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lab4treat experience has been developed to demonstrate the use of magnetic materials in environmental applications. It was projected in the frame of the European project Mat4Treat, and it was tested several times in front of different audiences ranging from school students to the general public in training and/or divulgation events. The experience lends itself to discuss several aspects of actuality, physics and chemistry, which can be explained by modulating the discussion depth level, in order to meet the interests of younger or more experienced people and expand their knowledge. The topic is relevant, dealing with the recycling of urban waste and water depollution. The paper is placed within the field of water treatment for contaminant removal; therefore, a rich collection of recent (and less recent) papers dealing with magnetic materials and environmental issues is described in the Introduction section. In addition, the paper contains a detailed description of the experiment and a list of the possible topics which can be developed during the activity. The experimental approach makes the comprehension of scientific phenomena effective, and, from this perspective, the paper can be considered to be an example of interactive teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Tummino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Roberto Nisticò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology DISAT, Polytechnic of Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Flavia Franzoso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Alessandra Bianco Prevot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Enzo Laurenti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Paganini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominique Scalarone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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9
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Magnetic Photocatalyst for Wastewater Tertiary Treatment at Pilot Plant Scale: Disinfection and Enrofloxacin Abatement. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have tested a photocatalytic material consisting of a core of SiO2/Fe3O4 coated with TiO2 (Magnox) for plausible tertiary wastewater treatment. For this, a pilot plant of 45 L equipped with an Ultraviolet light (UVC) lamp was employed to study the degradation of a model contaminant, enrofloxacin (ENR), as well as water disinfection (elimination of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens). The influence of different operational conditions was explored by means of dye (rhodamine-B) decolorization rates, analyzing the effects of photocatalyst quantity, pH and recirculation flow rates. The magnox/UVC process was also compared with other four Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): (i) UVC irradiation alone, (ii) hydrogen peroxide with UVC (H2O2/UVC), (iii) Fenton, and (iv) photo-Fenton. Although UVC irradiation was efficient enough to produce total water disinfection, only when employing the AOPs, significant degradations of ENR were observed, with photo-Fenton being the most efficient process (total enrofloxacin removal in 5 min and c.a. 80% mineralization in 120 min, at pH0 2.8). However, Magnox/UVC has shown great pollutant abatement effectiveness under neutral conditions, with the additional advantage of no acid or H2O2 addition, as well as its plausible reuse and simple separation due to its magnetic properties.
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Liu SH, Tang WT. Photodecomposition of ibuprofen over g-C 3N 4/Bi 2WO 6/rGO heterostructured composites under visible/solar light. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139172. [PMID: 32428754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted hydrothermal preparation of heterostructured graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth tungsten oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (denoted as GBR-T, T = microwave irradiation time) is performed. The prepared GBR-T photocatalysts are identified by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic performance of these GBR-T is evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen (IBP) under the visible light (λ > 420 nm) and solar light irradiation. Among all prepared photocatalysts, ca. 93% of IBP photodegradation can be achieved with a degradation rate constant (k) of 0.011 min-1 under visible-light irradiation upon the optimal microwave-assisted reaction time of 60 min. The improvement is primarily attributable to the higher crystallization degree, specific surface area and increased charge transfer efficiency as verified by XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and TRPL, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of this catalyst is further enhanced in the photodecomposition of IBP (ca. 98.6%) under sun light irradiation. The electron spin resonance (ESR) and liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) studies show that the superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals are the dominant active species in the photocomposition of IBP and degradation intermediates are formed through three probable photodegradation pathways. This investigation provides a simple way to prepare triple 2D heterojuction photocatalysts which could be effectively used in the advanced oxidation process for removal of emerging contaminants in wastewater by using renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Heng Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ting Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Oliveira Miranda M, Eulálio Cabral Cavalcanti W, Ivan da Silva F, Rigoti E, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Pergher SBC, Pinheiro Braga T. Photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen using modified titanium oxide supported on CMK-3: effect of Ti content on the TiO 2 and carbon interaction. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in ordered mesoporous CMK-3 carbon with different Ti contents were successfully synthesized and their activity in the photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Oliveira Miranda
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Rigoti
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Cristalografía y Mineralogía
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Málaga
- Málaga
| | - Sibele B. C. Pergher
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | - Tiago Pinheiro Braga
- Laboratório de Peneiras Moleculares
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
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Aparicio F, Escalada JP, De Gerónimo E, Aparicio VC, García Einschlag FS, Magnacca G, Carlos L, Mártire DO. Carbamazepine Degradation Mediated by Light in the Presence of Humic Substances-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101379. [PMID: 31561528 PMCID: PMC6836229 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of iron-based nanomaterials for environmental remediation processes has recently received considerable attention. Here, we employed core-shell magnetite-humic acids nanoparticles as a heterogeneous photosensitizer and iron source in photo-Fenton reaction for the degradation of the psychiatric drug carbamazepine (CBZ). CBZ showed low photodegradation rates in the presence of the magnetic nanoparticles, whereas the addition of hydrogen peroxide at pH = 3 to the system drastically increased the abatement of the contaminant. The measured Fe2+ and Fe3+ profiles point to the generation of Fe3+ at the surface of the nanoparticles, indicating a heterogeneous oxidation of the contaminant mediated by hydroxyl radicals. Products with a higher transformation degree were observed in the photo-Fenton procedure and support the attack of the HO• radical on the CBZ molecule. Promising results encourage the use of the nanoparticles as efficient iron sources with enhanced magnet-sensitive properties, suitable for applications in photo-Fenton treatments for the purification of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Aparicio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Juan Pablo Escalada
- Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos 9400, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Route 226 Km 73,5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Virginia C Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Route 226 Km 73,5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Fernando S García Einschlag
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS Inter-departmental Centre, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Luciano Carlos
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), Neuquén 8300, Argentina.
| | - Daniel O Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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