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Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Drug-oxidizing and conjugating non-cytochrome P450 (non-P450) enzymes in cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets as preclinical models for humans. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114887. [PMID: 34968483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many drug oxidations and conjugations are mediated by a variety of cytochromes P450 (P450) and non-P450 enzymes in humans and non-human primates. These non-P450 enzymes include aldehyde oxidases (AOX), carboxylesterases (CES), flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), glutathione S-transferases (GST), arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT),sulfotransferases (SULT), and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) and their substrates include both endobiotics and xenobiotics. Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis, an Old-World monkey) are widely used in preclinical studies because of their genetic and physiological similarities to humans. However, many reports have indicated the usefulness of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, a New World monkey) as an alternative non-human primate model. Although knowledge of the drug-metabolizing properties of non-P450 enzymes in non-human primates is relatively limited, new research has started to provide an insight into the molecular characteristics of these enzymes in cynomolgus macaques and common marmosets. This mini-review provides collective information on the isoforms of non-P450 enzymes AOX, CES, FMO, GST, NAT, SULT, and UGT and their enzymatic profiles in cynomolgus macaques and common marmosets. In general, these non-P450 cynomolgus macaque and marmoset enzymes have high sequence identities and similar substrate recognitions to their human counterparts. However, these enzymes also exhibit some limited differences in function between species, just as P450 enzymes do, possibly due to small structural differences in amino acid residues. The findings summarized here provide a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of polymorphic non-P450 enzymes and should contribute to the successful application of non-human primates as model animals for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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2
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Nakanishi Y, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. Regional distributions of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward estradiol and serotonin in the liver and small intestine of cynomolgus macaques. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:401-404. [PMID: 32651149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cynomolgus macaque is a nonhuman primate species that is often used in drug metabolism studies during drug development. However, the localization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), essential drug-metabolizing enzymes, has not been fully investigated in the liver and small intestine of cynomolgus macaques. In this study, UGT activities were analyzed in liver (five lobes) and small intestine (the duodenum and six sections from the proximal jejunum to the distal ileum) using typical probe substrates of human UGTs: 7-hydroxycoumarin, estradiol, serotonin, propofol, and zidovudine. In liver, UGT activities with respect to all substrates were detected, and the activity levels were similar in all liver lobes of the cynomolgus macaques tested. In contrast, in the small intestine, UGT activities toward all substrates were detected, but their levels generally decreased from jejunum to ileum in cynomolgus macaques. The localization of estradiol 3-O-glucuronosyltransferases and serotonin O-glucuronosyltransferases (which are mainly UGT1A enzymes) appear to be different in liver and small intestine. These results collectively suggest that, in cynomolgus macaques, UGT1As are differentially localized in the small intestine but are relatively homogeneously distributed in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Nakanishi
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
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Uno Y, Takahira R, Murayama N, Ishii Y, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M, Yamazaki H, Ikushiro S. Molecular and functional characterization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A in cynomolgus macaques. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:172-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Miyake Y, Hirose R, Isobe T, Hanioka N. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of minipig UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:193-9. [PMID: 26134041 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 (UGT1A6) plays important roles in the glucuronidation of numerous drugs, environmental pollutants, and endogenous substances. Minipigs have been used as experimental animals in pharmacological and toxicological studies because many of their physiological characteristics are similar to those of humans. The aim of the present study was to examine similarities and differences in the enzymatic properties of UGT1A6 between humans and minipigs. 2. Minipig UGT1A6 (mpUGT1A6) cDNA was cloned by the RACE method, and the corresponding proteins were expressed in insect cells. The enzymatic function of mpUGT1A6 was analyzed by the kinetics of serotonin glucuronidation. 3. Amino acid homology between human UGT1A6 (hUGT1A6) and mpUGT1A6 was 79.9%. The kinetics of serotonin glucuronidation by recombinant hUGT1A6 and mpUGT1A6 enzymes fit the Michaelis-Menten equation. The Km, Vmax, and CLint values of hUGT1A6 were 10.5 mM, 4.04 nmol/min/mg protein, and 0.39 µL/min/mg protein, respectively. The Km value of mpUGT1A6 was similar to that of hUGT1A6, whereas the Vmax and CLint values of mpUGT1A6 were approximately 2-fold higher than those of hUGT1A6. 4. These results suggest that the enzymatic properties of UGT1A6 enzymes are moderately different between humans and minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Miyake
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan and
| | - Riho Hirose
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan and
| | - Takashi Isobe
- b Department of Biochemical Toxicology , Yokohama University of Pharmacy , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Hanioka
- b Department of Biochemical Toxicology , Yokohama University of Pharmacy , Yokohama , Japan
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Guo B, Fang Z, Yang L, Xiao L, Xia Y, Gonzalez FJ, Zhu L, Cao Y, Ge G, Yang L, Sun H. Tissue and species differences in the glucuronidation of glabridin with UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 231:90-7. [PMID: 25765239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin (GA) has gained wide application in the cosmetics and food industry. This study was performed to investigate its metabolic inactivation and elimination by glucuronidation by use of liver and intestine microsomes from humans (HLM and HIM) and rats (RLM and RIM), and liver microsomes from cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs (CyLM and DLM). Both hydroxyl groups at the C2 and C4 positions of the B ring are conjugated to generate two mono-glucuronides (M1 and M2). HIM, RIM and RLM showed the most robust activity in catalyzing M2 formation with intrinsic clearance values (Clint) above 2000 μL/min/mg, with little measurable M1 formation activity. DLM displayed considerable activity both in M1 and M2 formation, with Clint values of 71 and 214 μL/min/mg, respectively, while HLM and CyLM exhibited low activities in catalyzing M1 and M2 formation, with Clint values all below 20 μL/min/mg. It is revealed that UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A9, 2B7, 2B15 and extrahepatic UGT1A8 and 1A10 are involved in GA glucuronidation. Nearly all UGTs preferred M2 formation except for UGT1A1. Notably, UGT1A8 displayed the highest activity with a Clint value more than 5-fold higher than the other isoforms. Chemical inhibition studies, using selective inhibitors of UGT1A1, 1A9, 2B7 and 1A8, further revealed that UGT1A8 contributed significantly to intestinal GA glucuronidation in humans. In summary, this in vitro study demonstrated large species differences in GA glucuronidation by liver and intestinal microsomes, and that intestinal UGTs are important for the pathway in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices Research (NPFPC), Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Yamamoto K, Mukai M, Nagaoka K, Hayashi K, Hichiya H, Okada K, Murata M, Shigeyama M, Narimatsu S, Hanioka N. Functional characterization of cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 39:195-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ishii Y, Koba H, Kinoshita K, Oizaki T, Iwamoto Y, Takeda S, Miyauchi Y, Nishimura Y, Egoshi N, Taura F, Morimoto S, Ikushiro S, Nagata K, Yamazoe Y, Mackenzie PI, Yamada H. Alteration of the Function of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A Subfamily by Cytochrome P450 3A4: Different Susceptibility for UGT Isoforms and UGT1A1/7 Variants. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:229-38. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.054833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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8
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Effect of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 polymorphism on raloxifene glucuronidation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Miyake Y, Mayumi K, Jinno H, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Narimatsu S, Hanioka N. cDNA Cloning and Functional Analysis of Minipig Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:452-61. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Miyake
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Kei Mayumi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Hideto Jinno
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Shizuo Narimatsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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Hanioka N, Iwabu H, Hanafusa H, Nakada S, Narimatsu S. Expression and Inducibility of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1As in MCF-7 Human Breast Carcinoma Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:253-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Hanioka N, Tanabe N, Jinno H, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Nagaoka K, Naito S, Koeda A, Narimatsu S. Functional characterization of human and cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 enzymes. Life Sci 2010; 87:261-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Validated assay for studying activity profiles of human liver UGTs after drug exposure: inhibition and induction studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2251-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Shimizudani T, Nagaoka K, Hanioka N, Yamano S, Narimatsu S. Comparative study of the oxidation of propranolol enantiomers in hepatic and small intestinal microsomes from cynomolgus and marmoset monkeys. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:67-78. [PMID: 19853591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism of propranolol (PL) enantiomers (R-PL and S-PL) to 4-hydroxypropranolol (4-OH-PL), 5-OH-PL and N-deisopropylpropranolol (NDP) was examined in hepatic microsomes from cynomolgus and marmoset monkeys and in small intestinal microsomes from monkeys and humans. In hepatic microsomes, levels of oxidation activities were similar between the two monkey species, and substrate enantioselectivity (R-PL<S-PL) was observed in the formation of 5-OH-PL and/or NDP. Kinetic experiments revealed that the formation of all metabolites was biphasic in cynomolgus monkeys, whereas only the formation of NDP was biphasic in marmosets. Inhibition experiments employing human CYP antibodies and chemical inhibitors suggested that mainly CYP2D enzymes and partially CYP1A and 2C enzymes are involved in the oxidation of PL in both monkey liver microsomes. In small intestinal microsomes, activity levels were much higher in cynomolgus monkeys than in marmosets and humans and reversed substrate enantioselectivity (R-PL>S-PL) was seen in the formation of NDP in cynomolgus monkeys and humans and in the formation of 5-OH-PL in marmosets. The formation of the three metabolites in cynomolgus monkeys and the formation of NDP in marmosets were biphasic, while the formation of 4-OH-PL in humans was monophasic. From the inhibition experiments using CYP antibodies, CYP2C9 and 2C19 were thought to be involved as N-deisopropylases and CYP2D6 and 3A4 as 4-hydroxylases in human small intestine. Furthermore, CYP1A, 2C and 3A enzymes could be involved in cynomolgus monkeys and CYP2C and 3A enzymes in marmosets. These results indicate that the oxidative profile of PL in hepatic and small intestinal microsomes differ considerably among cynomolgus monkeys, marmosets and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimizudani
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Hanioka N, Takeda Y, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Hayashi K, Jinno H, Narimatsu S. Interaction of bisphenol A with human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 enzyme. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:407-12. [PMID: 18214896 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 (UGT1A6) activities in microsomes from human livers and yeast cells expressing human UGT1A6 (humUGT1A6) were investigated. Serotonin (5-HT) and 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) were used as the substrates for UGT1A6. BPA dose-dependently inhibited 5-HT and 4-MU glucuronidation activities in both enzyme sources. The IC(50) values of BPA for 5-HT and 4-MU glucuronidation activities were 156 and 163 microM for liver microsomes, and 84.6 and 80.3 microM for yeast cell microsomes expressing humUGT1A6, respectively. The inhibitory pattern of BPA for 5-HT and 4-MU glucuronidation activities in human liver microsomes exhibited a mixture of competitive and noncompetitive components, with K(i) values of 84.9 and 72.3 microM, respectively. In yeast cell microsomes expressing humUGT1A6, 5-HT glucuronidation activities were noncompetitively inhibited by BPA (K(i) value, 65.5 microM), whereas the inhibition of 4-MU glucuronidation activities by BPA exhibited the mixed type (K(i) value, 42.5 microM). These results suggest that BPA interacts with human UGT1A6 enzyme, and that the interaction may contribute to the toxicity, such as hormone disruption and reproductive effects, of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Shiratani H, Katoh M, Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Species Differences in UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Activities in Mice and Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:1745-52. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.021469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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