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Bharate SB, Chao CK, Thompson CM. Comparison of the reactivation rates of acetylcholinesterase modified by structurally different organophosphates using novel pyridinium oximes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 71:103218. [PMID: 31302432 PMCID: PMC6736693 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel panel of oximes were synthesized, which have displayed varying degree of reactivation ability towards different organophosphorus (OP) modified cholinesterases. In the present article, we report a comparative reactivation profile of a series of quaternary pyridinium-oximes for electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EEAChE) inhibited by the organophosphorus (OP) inhibitors methyl paraoxon (MePOX), ethyl paraoxon (POX; paraoxon) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) that are distinguishable as dimethoxyphosphoryl, diethoxyphosphoryl and diisopropoxyphosphoryl AChE-OP-adducts. Most of the 59-oximes tested led to faster and more extensive reactivation of MePOX- and POX-inhibited EEAChE as compared to DFP-modified EEAChE. All were effective reactivators of three OP-modified EEAChE conjugates showing 18-21% reactivation for DFP-inhibited AChE and ≥45% reactivation for MePOX- and POX-inhibited EEAChE. Oximes 7 and 8 showed kr values better than pralidoxime (1) for DFP-inhibited EEAChE. Reactivation rates determined at different inhibition times showed no significant change in kr values during 0-90 min incubation with three OPs. However, a 34-72% decrease in kr for MePOX and POX and > 95% decrease in kr for DFP-inhibited EEAChE was observed after 24 h of OP-exposure (aging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bharate
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Chih-Kai Chao
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Charles M Thompson
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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2
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Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents by Novel Oximated Acrylate Copolymer. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Lee HM, Shin JS, Han SB, Jung YK, Kim M, Lee SH, Hur G, Jung YS. Reactivation of Paraoxon-inhibited Acetylcholinesterase by Monoquaternary Pyridinium Oximes withN-Alkylbromide Side Chains. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Myung Lee
- Division of Drug Discovery Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 South Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-355 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Shin
- Division of Drug Discovery Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 South Korea
| | - Soo Bong Han
- Division of Drug Discovery Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 South Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-355 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyoung Jung
- Division of Drug Discovery Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 South Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-355 Republic of Korea
| | - Meeheyin Kim
- Division of Drug Discovery Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 South Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-355 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Drug Discovery Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 South Korea
| | | | - Young-Sik Jung
- Division of Drug Discovery Research; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 South Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-355 Republic of Korea
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4
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Long L, Luo Y, Liu B, Du D, Lin Y. Screening of antidote sensitivity using an acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on a graphene–Au nanocomposite. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An AChE biosensor based on graphene–Au nanocomposite was constructed for screening of the therapeutic effects of three oximes antidotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Bingwen Liu
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Dan Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health
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5
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Konidaris KF, Dalkas GA, Katsoulakou E, Pairas G, Raptopoulou CP, Lamari FN, Spyroulias GA, Manessi-Zoupa E. ZnII/pyridyloxime complexes as potential reactivators of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: In vitro and docking simulation studies. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 134:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Ge X, Tao Y, Zhang A, Lin Y, Du D. Electrochemical detection of dual exposure biomarkers of organophosphorus agents based on reactivation of inhibited cholinesterase. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9686-91. [PMID: 24020883 DOI: 10.1021/ac402022p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Considering inter- or intra-individual variation in the normal levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), real-time measurement of AChE via the reactivation from a postexposure sample was used, and thus a baseline-free and reliable approach was proposed for detecting/screening low-dose organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) poisons. The principle of this technology is on the basis of parallel measurements of AChE activity before and after reactivation from a postexposure to simultaneously provide the content of dual biomarkers of both enzyme inhibition and enzyme adducts. It is more accurate and reliable compared with only one biomarker (inhibition or adduct). Reactivation from a postexposure sample is a better individual enzyme baseline compared to pre-exposure from the population average level in currently available approaches. AChE activity was measured with an electrochemical method. Greatly enhanced sensitivity was achieved by using Fe3O4/Au nanocomposites to enrich thiocholine, the hydrolysis product of active AChE, followed by electrochemical oxidative desorption of the adsorbed thiocholine. The validation of this method for measurement of OP exposures was further explored with in vitro paraoxon inhibited human red blood cells (RBCs) samples and demonstrated its practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
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Sepsova V, Karasova JZ, Korabecny J, Dolezal R, Zemek F, Bennion BJ, Kuca K. Oximes: inhibitors of human recombinant acetylcholinesterase. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16882-900. [PMID: 23959117 PMCID: PMC3759941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators were developed for the treatment of organophosphate intoxication. Standard care involves the use of anticonvulsants (e.g., diazepam), parasympatolytics (e.g., atropine) and oximes that restore AChE activity. However, oximes also bind to the active site of AChE, simultaneously acting as reversible inhibitors. The goal of the present study is to determine how oxime structure influences the inhibition of human recombinant AChE (hrAChE). Therefore, 24 structurally different oximes were tested and the results compared to the previous eel AChE (EeAChE) experiments. Structural factors that were tested included the number of pyridinium rings, the length and structural features of the linker, and the number and position of the oxime group on the pyridinium ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Sepsova
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.S.); (J.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.S.); (J.K.); (F.Z.)
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Filip Zemek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.S.); (J.K.); (F.Z.)
| | - Brian J. Bennion
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University Hospital, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- Center of Advances Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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8
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The value of novel oximes for treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus compounds. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:249-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Du D, Wang J, Wang L, Lu D, Lin Y. Integrated Lateral Flow Test Strip with Electrochemical Sensor for Quantification of Phosphorylated Cholinesterase: Biomarker of Exposure to Organophosphorus Agents. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1380-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202391w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide
and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Jun Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Limin Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Donglai Lu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
| | - Yuehe Lin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United
States
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Deshpande LS, Carter DS, Blair RE, DeLorenzo RJ. Development of a prolonged calcium plateau in hippocampal neurons in rats surviving status epilepticus induced by the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:623-31. [PMID: 20498005 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) compounds are among the most lethal chemical weapons ever developed and are irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Exposure to majority of OP produces status epilepticus (SE) and severe cholinergic symptoms that if left untreated are fatal. Survivors of OP intoxication often suffer from irreversible brain damage and chronic neurological disorders. Although pilocarpine has been used to model SE following OP exposure, there is a need to establish a SE model that uses an OP compound in order to realistically mimic both acute and long-term effects of nerve agent intoxication. Here we describe the development of a rat model of OP-induced SE using diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). The mortality, behavioral manifestations, and electroencephalogram (EEG) profile for DFP-induced SE (4 mg/kg, sc) were identical to those reported for nerve agents. However, significantly higher survival rates were achieved with an improved dose regimen of DFP and treatment with pralidoxime chloride (25 mg/kg, im), atropine (2 mg/kg, ip), and diazepam (5 mg/kg, ip) making this model ideal to study chronic effects of OP exposure. Further, DFP treatment produced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated significant elevation in hippocampal neuronal [Ca(2+)](i) that lasted for weeks after the initial SE. These results provided direct evidence that DFP-induced SE altered Ca(2+) dynamics that could underlie some of the long-term plasticity changes associated with OP toxicity. This model is ideally suited to test effective countermeasures for OP exposure and study molecular mechanisms underlying neurological disorders following OP intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant S Deshpande
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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11
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Decontamination of chemical and biological warfare agents with a single multi-functional material. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4417-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Musilek K, Dolezal M, Gunn-Moore F, Kuca K. Design, evaluation and structure-activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides. Med Res Rev 2009; 31:548-75. [PMID: 20027669 DOI: 10.1002/med.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs; e.g. chlorpyrifos, diazinon, paraoxon) are a wide and heterogeneous group of organophosphorus compounds. Their biological activity of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) ranks them as life endangering agents. The necessary treatment after OPP exposure involves the use of parasympatolytics (e.g. atropine), oxime reactivators (e.g. obidoxime), and anticonvulsive drugs (e.g. diazepam). Therefore, the reactivators of AChE are essential compounds in the treatment of OPP intoxications. Commercial AChE reactivators (e.g. pralidoxime, HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime) were originally developed for other members of the organophosphate family, such as nerve agents (e.g. sarin, soman, tabun, VX). Pralidoxime, HI-6, and methoxime were found to be weak reactivators of OPP-inhibited AChE. Obidoxime and trimedoxime showed satisfactory reactivation against various OPPs with minor toxicity issues. During the last two decades, the treatment of OPP exposure has become more widely discussed because of growing agricultural production, industrialization, and harmful social issues (e.g. suicides). In this review is the summarized design, evaluation, and structure-activity relationship studies of recently produced AChE reactivators. Since pralidoxime, over 300 oximes have been produced or tested against OPP poisoning, and several novel compounds show very promising abilities as comparable (or higher) to commercial oximes. Some of these are highlighted for their further testing of OPP exposure and, additionally, the main structure-activity relationship of AChE reactivators against OPP is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Trebesska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Kuca K, RC G, Musilek K, Jun D, Pohanka M. In vitro identification of novel acetylcholinesterase reactivators. TOXIN REV 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15569540903246144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Du D, Wang J, Smith JN, Timchalk C, Lin Y. Biomonitoring of organophosphorus agent exposure by reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme based on carbon nanotube-enhanced flow-injection amperometric detection. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9314-20. [PMID: 19839597 PMCID: PMC2943389 DOI: 10.1021/ac901673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A portable, rapid, and sensitive assessment of subclinical organophosphorus (OP) agent exposure based on reactivation of cholinesterase (ChE) from OP-inhibited ChE using rat saliva (in vitro) was developed using an electrochemical sensor coupled with a microflow-injection system. The sensor was based on a carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPE), which was integrated into a flow cell. Because of the extent of interindividual ChE activity variability, ChE biomonitoring often requires an initial baseline determination (noninhibited) of enzyme activity which is then directly compared with activity after OP exposure. This manuscript describes an alternative strategy where reactivation of the phosphorylated enzyme was exploited to enable measurement of both inhibited and baseline ChE activity (after reactivation by an oxime, i.e., pralidoxime iodide) in the same sample. The use of CNT makes the electrochemical detection of the products from enzymatic reactions more feasible with extremely high sensitivity (5% ChE inhibition) and selectivity. Paraoxon was selected as a model OP compound for in vitro inhibition studies. Some experimental parameters, e.g., inhibition and reactivation time, have been optimized such that 92-95% of ChE reactivation can be achieved over a broad range of ChE inhibition (5-94%) with paraoxon. The extent of enzyme inhibition using this electrochemical sensor correlates well with conventional enzyme activity measurements. On the basis of the double determinations of enzyme activity, this flow-injection device has been successfully used to detect paraoxon inhibition efficiency in saliva samples (95% of ChE activity is due to butyrylcholinesterase), which demonstrated its promise as a sensitive monitor of OP exposure in biological fluids. Since it excludes inter- or intraindividual variation in the normal levels of ChE, this new CNT-based electrochemical sensor thus provides a sensitive and quantitative tool for point-of-care assessment and noninvasive biomonitoring of the exposure to OP pesticides and chemical nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuehe Lin
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. . Tel: 01-509-371-6241
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Fluorinated pyridinium oximes as potential reactivators for acetylcholinesterases inhibited by paraoxon organophosphorus agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6213-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kuča K, Musílek K, Jun D, Pohanka M, Žďárová Karasová J, Novotný L, Musilová L. Could oxime HI-6 really be considered as "broad-spectrum" antidote? J Appl Biomed 2009. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Musilova L, Kuca K, jung YS, Jun D. In vitrooxime-assisted reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009; 47:545-50. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650903058914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Jeong HC, Kang NS, Park NJ, Yum EK, Jung YS. Reactivation potency of fluorinated pyridinium oximes for acetylcholinesterases inhibited by paraoxon organophosphorus agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1214-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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