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Dubrana LE, Knoll-Gellida A, Bourcier LM, Mercé T, Pedemay S, Nachon F, Calas AG, Baati R, Soares M, Babin PJ. An Antidote Screening System for Organophosphorus Poisoning Using Zebrafish Larvae. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2865-2877. [PMID: 34284583 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) cholinesterase inhibitors, which include insecticides and chemical warfare nerve agents, are very potent neurotoxicants. Given that the actual treatment has several limitations, the present study provides a general method, called the zebrafish-OP-antidote test (ZOAT), and basic scientific data, to identify new antidotes that are more effective than the reference pyridinium oximes after acute OP poisoning. The reactivation capacity of a chemical compound can be measured using in vivo and ex vivo acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays. We demonstrated that it is possible to differentiate between chemical compound protective efficacies in the central and peripheral nervous system via the visual motor response and electric field pulse motor response tests, respectively. Moreover, the ability to cross the brain-blood barrier can be estimated in a physiological context by combining an AChE assay on the head and trunk-tail fractions and the cellular and tissue localization of AChE activity in the whole-mount animal. ZOAT is an innovative method suitable for the screening and rapid identification of chemicals and mixtures used as antidote for OP poisoning. The method will make it easier to identify more effective medical countermeasures for chemical threat agents, including combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Dubrana
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Anja Knoll-Gellida
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Laure M. Bourcier
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Théo Mercé
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Sandra Pedemay
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armés, Brétigny sur Orge, F-91220, France
| | - André-Guilhem Calas
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armés, Brétigny sur Orge, F-91220, France
| | - Rachid Baati
- ECPM UMR CNRS 7515, ICPEES Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie, l’Environnement et la Santé, Strasbourg, F-67087, France
| | - Magalie Soares
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
| | - Patrick J. Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, F-33615, France
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Bharate SB, Chao CK, Thompson CM. Comparison of the reactivation rates of acetylcholinesterase modified by structurally different organophosphates using novel pyridinium oximes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 71:103218. [PMID: 31302432 PMCID: PMC6736693 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel panel of oximes were synthesized, which have displayed varying degree of reactivation ability towards different organophosphorus (OP) modified cholinesterases. In the present article, we report a comparative reactivation profile of a series of quaternary pyridinium-oximes for electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EEAChE) inhibited by the organophosphorus (OP) inhibitors methyl paraoxon (MePOX), ethyl paraoxon (POX; paraoxon) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) that are distinguishable as dimethoxyphosphoryl, diethoxyphosphoryl and diisopropoxyphosphoryl AChE-OP-adducts. Most of the 59-oximes tested led to faster and more extensive reactivation of MePOX- and POX-inhibited EEAChE as compared to DFP-modified EEAChE. All were effective reactivators of three OP-modified EEAChE conjugates showing 18-21% reactivation for DFP-inhibited AChE and ≥45% reactivation for MePOX- and POX-inhibited EEAChE. Oximes 7 and 8 showed kr values better than pralidoxime (1) for DFP-inhibited EEAChE. Reactivation rates determined at different inhibition times showed no significant change in kr values during 0-90 min incubation with three OPs. However, a 34-72% decrease in kr for MePOX and POX and > 95% decrease in kr for DFP-inhibited EEAChE was observed after 24 h of OP-exposure (aging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bharate
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Chih-Kai Chao
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Charles M Thompson
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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Gorecki L, Korabecny J, Musilek K, Malinak D, Nepovimova E, Dolezal R, Jun D, Soukup O, Kuca K. SAR study to find optimal cholinesterase reactivator against organophosphorous nerve agents and pesticides. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2831-2859. [PMID: 27582056 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by organophosphates leads to many failures in living organism and ultimately in death. Organophosphorus compounds developed as nerve agents such as tabun, sarin, soman, VX and others belong to the most toxic chemical warfare agents and are one of the biggest threats to the modern civilization. Moreover, misuse of nerve agents together with organophosphorus pesticides (e.g. malathion, paraoxon, chlorpyrifos, etc.) which are annually implicated in millions of intoxications and hundreds of thousand deaths reminds us of insufficient protection against these compounds. Basic treatments for these intoxications are based on immediate administration of atropine and acetylcholinesterase reactivators which are currently represented by mono- or bis-pyridinium aldoximes. However, these antidotes are not sufficient to ensure 100 % treatment efficacy even they are administered immediately after intoxication, and in general, they possess several drawbacks. Herein, we have reviewed new efforts leading to the development of novel reactivators and proposition of new promising strategies to design novel and effective antidotes. Structure-activity relationships and biological activities of recently proposed acetylcholinesterase reactivators are discussed and summarized. Among further modifications of known oximes, the main attention has been paid to dual binding site ligands of AChE as the current mainstream strategy. We have also discussed new chemical entities as potential replacement of oxime functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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