1
|
Pashirova T, Salah-Tazdaït R, Tazdaït D, Masson P. Applications of Microbial Organophosphate-Degrading Enzymes to Detoxification of Organophosphorous Compounds for Medical Countermeasures against Poisoning and Environmental Remediation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7822. [PMID: 39063063 PMCID: PMC11277490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mining of organophosphorous (OPs)-degrading bacterial enzymes in collections of known bacterial strains and in natural biotopes are important research fields that lead to the isolation of novel OP-degrading enzymes. Then, implementation of strategies and methods of protein engineering and nanobiotechnology allow large-scale production of enzymes, displaying improved catalytic properties for medical uses and protection of the environment. For medical applications, the enzyme formulations must be stable in the bloodstream and upon storage and not susceptible to induce iatrogenic effects. This, in particular, includes the nanoencapsulation of bioscavengers of bacterial origin. In the application field of bioremediation, these enzymes play a crucial role in environmental cleanup by initiating the degradation of OPs, such as pesticides, in contaminated environments. In microbial cell configuration, these enzymes can break down chemical bonds of OPs and usually convert them into less toxic metabolites through a biotransformation process or contribute to their complete mineralization. In their purified state, they exhibit higher pollutant degradation efficiencies and the ability to operate under different environmental conditions. Thus, this review provides a clear overview of the current knowledge about applications of OP-reacting enzymes. It presents research works focusing on the use of these enzymes in various bioremediation strategies to mitigate environmental pollution and in medicine as alternative therapeutic means against OP poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pashirova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Rym Salah-Tazdaït
- Bioengineering and Process Engineering Laboratory (BIOGEP), National Polytechnic School, 10 Rue des Frères Oudek, El Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria; (R.S.-T.); (D.T.)
| | - Djaber Tazdaït
- Bioengineering and Process Engineering Laboratory (BIOGEP), National Polytechnic School, 10 Rue des Frères Oudek, El Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria; (R.S.-T.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Algiers, Benyoucef Benkhedda, 2 Rue Didouche Mourad, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Patrick Masson
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin J, Yuchi Z. Identification of a Novel Inhibitor of Cimex lectularius Acetylcholinesterase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12498-12507. [PMID: 38771663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stands as a primary target of commercial insecticides, notably organophosphates and carbamates. Despite their widespread use in agricultural and indoor pest control, concerns over their high toxicity and the emergence of resistance have restricted their efficacy. In this study, we conducted high-throughput virtual screening against both wild-type (WT) and resistant Cimex lectularius AChE utilizing a library encompassing 1 270 000 compounds. From this screening, we identified 100 candidate compounds and subsequently assessed their inhibitory effects on purified AChE enzymes. Among these candidates, AE027 emerged as a potent inhibitor against both WT and resistant AChE, exhibiting IC50 values of 10 and 43 μM, respectively. Moreover, the binding of AE027 significantly stabilized AChE, elevating its melting temperature by approximately 7 °C. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, we delineated the binding mode of AE027, revealing its interaction with a site adjacent to the catalytic center, which is distinct from known inhibitors, with differing poses observed between WT and resistant AChE. Notably, the resistance mutation F348Y, positioned at a site directly interfacing with AE027, impedes ligand binding through steric hindrance. Furthermore, we evaluated the toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of AE027 utilizing bioinformatics tools. These findings lay a crucial foundation for the development of a novel generation of insecticides that can combat both WT and resistant pest populations effectively and safely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Yin Y, Zhang K, Li Y, Kong X, Liu D, Luo Y, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Ecotoxicity effect of aspirin on the larvae of Musca domestica through retinol metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115845. [PMID: 38134638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin is a widely used multi-efficiency pharmaceutical, and its environmental residues are frequently detected. However, limited information is available on its effects on the development of the public health pest and saprophytic insect Musca domestica. In this study, it was demonstrated that aspirin inhibits the larval growth of house flies in a concentration-dependent manner. Microbiome analysis indicated that the composition of larval intestinal bacteria was influenced by aspirin but not greatly. The dominant bacterial genus in the aspirin group was still Klebsiella, as in the control group. Transcriptome sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis showed that retinol metabolism was activated after aspirin treatment. High performance liquid chromatography indicated that the content of retinol in larvae was decreased and that of retinoic acid was increased. The addition of β-carotene, a precursor substance of retinol, in feeding promotes larval development and alleviates the inhibitory effect caused by aspirin. In contrast, retinoic acid delayed the larval development of house flies as well as aspirin. Gene expression analysis after aspirin exposure demonstrated that genes involved in the transformation from retinol to retinoic acid were upregulated. Overall, aspirin exposure impairs larval development by activating retinol metabolism in house flies and can be utilized as an effective pesticide. This work uncovers the mechanism underlying the larval development inhibition induced by aspirin in terms of metabolism and genetics, and provides novel functional exploration of a traditional drug for pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Yansong Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, China; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Kong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261021, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang KJ, Zhao Y, Tao X, Li J, Chen Y, Holland DC, Jin TY, Wang AY, Xiang L. Catecholamine Derivatives: Natural Occurrence, Structural Diversity, and Biological Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2592-2619. [PMID: 37856864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines (CAs) are aromatic amines containing a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl nucleus and an amine side chain. Representative CAs included the endogenous neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. CAs and their derivatives are good resources for the development of sympathomimetic or central nervous system drugs, while they also provide ligands important for G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) research. CAs are of broad interest in the fields of chemical, biological, medical, and material sciences due to their high adhesive capacities, chemical reactivities, metal-chelating abilities, redox activities, excellent biocompatibilities, and ease of degradability. Herein, we summarize CAs derivatives isolated and identified from microorganisms, plants, insects, and marine invertebrates in recent decades, alongside their wide range of reported biological activities. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the structural and biological diversities of CAs, the regularity of their natural occurrences, and insights toward future research and development pertinent to this important class of naturally occurring compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Darren C Holland
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States of America
| | - Tian-Yun Jin
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States of America
| | - Ao-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Figueiredo TH, de Araujo Furtado M, Pidoplichko VI, Braga MFM. Mechanisms of Organophosphate Toxicity and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. TOXICS 2023; 11:866. [PMID: 37888716 PMCID: PMC10611379 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) have applications in agriculture (e.g., pesticides), industry (e.g., flame retardants), and chemical warfare (nerve agents). In high doses or chronic exposure, they can be toxic or lethal. The primary mechanism, common among all OPs, that initiates their toxic effects is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. In acute OP exposure, the subsequent surge of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses causes a peripheral cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE), either of which can lead to death. If death is averted without effective seizure control, long-term brain damage ensues. This review describes the mechanisms by which elevated acetylcholine can cause respiratory failure and trigger SE; the role of the amygdala in seizure initiation; the role of M1 muscarinic receptors in the early stages of SE; the neurotoxic pathways activated by SE (excitotoxicity/Ca++ overload/oxidative stress, neuroinflammation); and neurotoxic mechanisms linked to low-dose, chronic exposure (Ca++ dyshomeostasis/oxidative stress, inflammation), which do not depend on SE and do not necessarily involve acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The evidence so far indicates that brain damage from acute OP exposure is a direct result of SE, while the neurotoxic mechanisms activated by low-dose chronic exposure are independent of SE and may not be associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Taiza H. Figueiredo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Marcio de Araujo Furtado
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Volodymyr I. Pidoplichko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Maria F. M. Braga
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (V.A.-A.); (V.I.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diab MK, Mead HM, Khedr MA, Nafie MS, Abu-Elsaoud AM, Hanora A, El-Shatoury SA. Endophytic actinobacteria from wild medicinal plants are a natural source of insecticide to control the African cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis). AMB Express 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 37184816 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance in agricultural pests has prompted the need to discover novel compounds with new modes of action. We investigated the potency of secondary metabolites from seventy endophytic actinobacteria against laboratory and field strains of Spodoptera littoralis (fourth instar), comparable to the bioinsecticide spinetoram (Radiant SC 12%). Endophytes from Artemisia herba-alba and A. judaica were highly effective. Chemical profiling of the most potent metabolite of the strain Streptomyces sp. ES2 was investigated using LC-QTOF-MS-MS technique, and the activity was validated through molecular docking studies. Metabolic extracts from actinobacteria belonging to Streptomyces, Nocardioides, and Pseudonocardia showed immediate and latent death to the Spodoptera littoralis fourth instar larvae. The metabolite from strain ES2 has shown the most promising and significant histopathological and inhibitory effects on the fourth instar larvae. ES2 metabolite caused lesions in the body wall cuticle, indicating a different mode of action than that of Radiant. Chemical profiling of ES2 showed the presence of cyromazine (molt inhibitor), 4-nitrophenol, and diazinon as key constituents. In conclusion, these findings suggest that secondary metabolites from endophytic actinobacteria inhabiting wild medicinal plants can be a sustainable source for promising natural biocontrol agents. This is the first illustration of the insecticidal activity of Artemisia spp. microbiome, and natural cyromazine synthesis by actinobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Diab
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Hala M Mead
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamad A Khedr
- Agricultural Research Center, Cotton Leafworm Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Amro Hanora
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Microbiology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Sahar A El-Shatoury
- Faculty of Science, Botany & Microbiology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mudyanselage AW, Wijamunige BC, Kocon A, Carter WG. Differentiated Neurons Are More Vulnerable to Organophosphate and Carbamate Neurotoxicity than Undifferentiated Neurons Due to the Induction of Redox Stress and Accumulate Oxidatively-Damaged Proteins. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050728. [PMID: 37239200 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides are toxic to pests through targeted inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, OPs and carbamates may be harmful to non-target species including humans and could induce developmental neurotoxicity if differentiated or differentiating neurons are particularly vulnerable to neurotoxicant exposures. Hence, this study compared the neurotoxicity of OPs, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO), and azamethiphos (AZO) and the carbamate pesticide, aldicarb, to undifferentiated versus differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. OP and carbamate concentration-response curves for cell viability were undertaken using 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and cellular bioenergetic capacity assessed via quantitation of cellular ATP levels. Concentration-response curves for inhibition of cellular AChE activity were also generated and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was monitored using a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay. The OPs and aldicarb reduced cell viability, cellular ATP levels, and neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent fashion, from a threshold concentration of ≥10 µM. Neurotoxic potency was in the order AZO > CPO > aldicarb for undifferentiated cells but CPO > AZO > aldicarb for differentiated cells and this toxic potency of CPO reflected its more extensive induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generation of carbonylated proteins that were characterized by western blotting. Hence, the relative neurotoxicity of the OPs and aldicarb in part reflects non-cholinergic mechanisms that are likely to contribute to developmental neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha W Mudyanselage
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Buddhika C Wijamunige
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Artur Kocon
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Wayne G Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
In vitro and in silico analysis of the Anopheles anticholinesterase activity of terpenoids. Parasitol Int 2023; 93:102713. [PMID: 36455706 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus are major vectors in high malaria endemic African regions. Various terpenoid classes form the main chemical constituent repository of essential oils, many of which have been shown to possess insecticidal effects against Anopheles species. The current study aimed to assess the bioactivity of terpenoids including four sesquiterpene alcohols, farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, cis-nerolidol, and trans-nerolidol; a phenylpropanoid, methyleugenol, and a monoterpene, (R)-(+)-limonene, using the larvicidal screening assay against the four Anopheles species. The mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and in silico molecular modelling. All six terpenoids showed potent larvicidal activity against the four Anopheles species. Insights into the mechanism of action revealed that the six terpenoids are strong AChE inhibitors against An. funestus and An. arabiensis, while there was a moderate inhibitory activity against An. gambiae AChE, but very weak activity against An. coluzzii. Interestingly, in the in silico study, farnesol established a favourable hydrogen bonding interaction with a conserved amino acid residue, Cys447, at the entrance to the active site gorge. While (-)-α-bisabolol and methyleugenol displayed a strong interaction with the catalytic Ser360 and adjacent amino acid residues; but sparing the mutable Gly280 residue that confers resistance to the current anticholinesterase insecticides. As a result, this study identified farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, and methyleugenol as selective bioinsecticidal agents with potent Anopheles AChE inhibition. These terpenoids present as natural compounds for further development as anticholinesterase bioinsecticides.
Collapse
|
9
|
Miao Z, Xiong C, Cao X, Shan T, Jin Q, Jiang H. Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiling of serine esterases and other esterase-related proteins in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:338-350. [PMID: 36043911 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine esterases (SEs) are hydrolases that catalyze the conversion of carboxylic esters into acids and alcohols. Lipases and carboxylesterases constitute two major groups of SEs. Although over a hundred of insect genomes are known, systematic identification and classification of SEs are rarely performed, likely due to large size and complex composition of the gene family in each species. Considering their key roles in lipid metabolism and other physiological processes, we have categorized 144 M. sexta SEs and SE homologs (SEHs), 114 of which contain a motif of GXSXG. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis have revealed 39 neutral lipases (NLs), 3 neutral lipase homologs (NLHs), 11 acidic lipases (ALs), 3 acidic lipase homologs (ALHs), a lipase-3, a triglyceride lipase, a monoglyceride lipase, a hormone-sensitive lipase, and a GDSL lipase. Eighty-three carboxylesterase genes encode 29 α-esterases (AEs), 12 AEHs (e.g., SEH4-1-3), 20 feruloyl esterases (FEs), 2 FEHs, 2 β-esterases (BEs), 2 integument esterases (IEs), 1 IEH, 4 juvenile hormone esterases, 2 acetylcholinesterases, gliotactin, 6 neuroligins, neurotactin, and an uncharacteristic esterase homolog. In addition to these GXSXG proteins, we have identified 26 phospholipases and 13 thioesterases. Expression profiling of these genes in specific tissues and stages has provided insights into their functions including digestion, detoxification, hormone processing, neurotransmission, reproduction, and developmental regulation. In summary, we have established a framework of information on SEs and related proteins in M. sexta to stimulate their research in the model species and comparative investigations in agricultural pests or disease vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Miao
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Chao Xiong
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Tisheng Shan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Qiao Jin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Haobo Jiang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thosapornvichai T, Huangteerakul C, Jensen AN, Jensen LT. Mitochondrial dysfunction from malathion and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with degeneration of GABAergic neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104000. [PMID: 36252730 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity resulting from off-target effects, beyond acetylcholine esterase inhibition, for the commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticides chlorpyrifos (CPS) and malathion (MA) was investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans model systems. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction were observed in yeast following exposure to CPS and MA, suggesting this organelle is a major target. In the C. elegans model, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response pathway showed the most robust induction from CPS and MA treatment among stress responses examined. GABAergic neurodegeneration was observed with CPS and MA exposure. Impaired movement observed in C. elegans exposed to CPS and MA may be the result of motor neuron damage. Our analysis suggests that stress from CPS and MA results in mitochondrial dysfunction, with GABAergic neurons sensitized to these effects. These findings may aid in the understanding of toxicity from CPS and MA from high concentration exposure leading to insecticide poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu J, Gao S, Wei L, Xiong W, Lu Y, Song X, Zhang Y, Gao H, Li B. Choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter are required for metamorphosis, reproduction, and insecticide susceptibility in Tribolium castaneum. Gene 2022; 842:146794. [PMID: 35952841 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) are essential enzymes for synthesizing and transporting acetylcholine (ACh). But their functions in metamorphosis, reproduction, and the insecticide susceptibility were poorly understood in the insects. To address these issues, we identified the orthologues of chat and vacht in Tribolium castaneum. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed Chat has the highest expression at the early adult stage, while vacht shows peak expression at the early larval stage. Both of them were highly expressed at the head of late adult. RNA interference (RNAi) of chat and vacht both led to a decrease in ACh content at the late larval stage. It is observed that chat knockdown severely affected larval development and pupal eclosion, but vacht RNAi only disrupted pupal eclosion. Further, parental RNAi of chat or vacht led to 35 % or 30 % reduction in fecundity, respectively, and knockdown of them completely inhibited egg hatchability. Further analysis has confirmed that both the reduction in fecundity and hatchability caused through the maternal specificity in T. castaneum. Moreover, the transcript levels of chat and vacht were elevated after carbofuran or dichlorvos treatment. Reduction of chat or vacht decreased the resistance to carbofuran and dichlorvos. This study provides the evidence for chat and vacht not only involved in development and reproduction of insects but also could as the potential targets of insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Luting Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Han Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guedegba NL, Ben Ammar I, Houndji A, Toko II, Van De Merckt L, Agbohessi PT, Mandiki SNM, Scippo ML, Kestemont P. Integrated biomarker response to assess the effects of pesticide residues on Nile Tilapia in aquatic ecosystems contaminated by cotton-field effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135407. [PMID: 35732206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An in-situ study combined with an integrated biomarker response was used to evaluate the impact of agricultural effluents in the physiological responses of Nile tilapia reared in cages and enclosures of water reservoirs in North Benin. Fish were distributed in fish farming systems at two sites: Songhai located outside the cotton basin and Batran located in the most productive commune. They were sampled for blood and organs before (BST), during (DST) and after (AST) pesticide treatment. Pesticide residues were analysed in water, sediments and fish muscles. Several biomarkers were investigated related to the immune (peroxidase, lysozyme and complement activities, superoxide anion production) and reproductive (sex steroids and vitellogenin levels) responses as well as neurotoxicity (cholinesterase activity) and tissue alterations. Biomarkers were assessed and analysed via the integrated biomarker response (IBR). The results showed that Batran water reservoir was a more harmful ecosystem for fish than Songhai one, especially by depressing some immune and reproductive functions in relation to a higher-level of pesticide contamination. They also demonstrated that the contact of fish to sediments in enclosures aggravated the pesticide burden on fish. Therefore, using males as bioindicators would improve the sensitivity of the used biomarkers since males seemed more affected than females especially due to pesticide estrogenic induction impacting their reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicresse Léa Guedegba
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq), University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, 03 BP 61 Parakou-University, Benin
| | - Imen Ben Ammar
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Alexis Houndji
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq), University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, 03 BP 61 Parakou-University, Benin
| | - Ibrahim Imorou Toko
- Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq), University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, 03 BP 61 Parakou-University, Benin
| | - Lara Van De Merckt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Prudencio Tachégnon Agbohessi
- Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq), University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, 03 BP 61 Parakou-University, Benin
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, bât. B43bis, 10 Avenue de Cureghem, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Taillebois E, Thany SH. The use of insecticide mixtures containing neonicotinoids as a strategy to limit insect pests: Efficiency and mode of action. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105126. [PMID: 35715064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic insecticides continue to be the main strategy for managing insect pests, which are a major concern for both crop protection and public health. As nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play a central role in insect neurotransmission, they are the molecular target of neurotoxic insecticides such as neonicotinoids. These insecticides are used worldwide and have shown high efficiency in culture protection. However, the emergence of insect resistance mechanisms, and negative side-effects on non-target species have highlighted the need for a new control strategy. In this context, the use of insecticide mixtures with synergistic effects have been used in order to decrease the insecticide dose, and thus delay the selection of resistance-strains, and limit their negative impact. In this review, we summarize the available data concerning the mode of action of neonicotinoid mixtures, as well as their toxicity to various insect pests and non-target species. We found that insecticide mixtures containing neonicotinoids may be an effective strategy for limiting insect pests, and in particular resistant strains, although they could also negatively impact non-target species such as pollinating insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliane Taillebois
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207-USC INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Steeve H Thany
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207-USC INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rezende-Teixeira P, Dusi RG, Jimenez PC, Espindola LS, Costa-Lotufo LV. What can we learn from commercial insecticides? Efficacy, toxicity, environmental impacts, and future developments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118983. [PMID: 35151812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide pesticide usage was estimated in up to 3.5 million tons in 2020. The number of approved products varies among different countries, however, in Brazil, there are nearly 5000 of such products available. Among them, insecticides correspond to a group of mounting importance for controlling crop pests and disease-associated vectors in public health. Unfortunately, resistance to commercially approved insecticides is commonly observed, limiting the use of these products. Thus, the search for more effective and environmentally friendly products is both a challenge and a necessity since several insecticides are no longer allowed in many countries. In this review, we discuss the historical strategies used in the development of modern insecticides, including chemical structure alterations, mechanism of action and their impact on insecticidal activity. The environmental impact of each pesticide class is also discussed, with persistence data and activity on non-target organisms, along with the human toxicological effect. By tracing the historical route of discovery and development of blockbuster pesticides like DDT, pyrethroids and organophosphates, we also aim to categorize and relate the successful chemical alterations and novel pesticide development strategies that resulted in safer alternatives. A brief discussion on the Brazilian registration procedure and a perspective of insecticides currently approved in the country was also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rezende-Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Marinha, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata G Dusi
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Paula C Jimenez
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Organismos Marinhos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laila S Espindola
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia V Costa-Lotufo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Marinha, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Inam AKMS, Angeli MAC, Douaki A, Shkodra B, Lugli P, Petti L. An Aptasensor Based on a Flexible Screen-Printed Silver Electrode for the Rapid Detection of Chlorpyrifos. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072754. [PMID: 35408368 PMCID: PMC9003324 DOI: 10.3390/s22072754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel disposable flexible and screen-printed electrochemical aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor) for the rapid detection of chlorpyrifos (CPF). To optimize the process, various characterization procedures were employed, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Initially, the aptasensor was optimized in terms of electrolyte pH, aptamer concentration, and incubation time for chlorpyrifos. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor showed a wide linear range from 1 to 105 ng/mL with a calculated limit of detection as low as 0.097 ng/mL and sensitivity of 600.9 µA/ng. Additionally, the selectivity of the aptasensor was assessed by identifying any interference from other pesticides, which were found to be negligible (with a maximum standard deviation of 0.31 mA). Further, the stability of the sample was assessed over time, where the reported device showed high stability over a period of two weeks at 4 °C. As the last step, the ability of the aptasensor to detect chlorpyrifos in actual samples was evaluated by testing it on banana and grape extracts. As a result, the device demonstrated sufficient recovery rates, which indicate that it can find application in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Sarwar Inam
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.K.M.S.I.); (A.D.); (B.S.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Martina Aurora Costa Angeli
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.K.M.S.I.); (A.D.); (B.S.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Douaki
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.K.M.S.I.); (A.D.); (B.S.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Bajramshahe Shkodra
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.K.M.S.I.); (A.D.); (B.S.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.K.M.S.I.); (A.D.); (B.S.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Luisa Petti
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.K.M.S.I.); (A.D.); (B.S.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Albayrak T, Yorulmaz S, İnak E, Toprak U, Van Leeuwen T. Pirimicarb resistance and associated mechanisms in field-collected and selected populations of Neoseiulus californicus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 180:104984. [PMID: 34955177 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an important natural enemy of phytophagous mites, and naturally established populations are often found in apple orchards. However, insecticide applications to control pests cause side effects to non-target organisms such as N. californicus. Pirimicarb, a widely used carbamate insecticide in apple orchards, is generally considered a selective aphidicide, however, toxicity to beneficial insects and predatory mites has been reported. Furthermore, the molecular basis for this selectivity, if present in N. californicus, is still largely unknown. In this study, 8 field-collected N. californicus populations were investigated and showed up to 27-fold resistance compared to a susceptible laboratory population. Selection in the laboratory for 5 consecutive generations resulted in a 69-fold pirimicarb resistance. Although there were no significant difference in terms of the acetlycholinesterase (AChE) activity between susceptible and field-collected populations, the selected population exhibited a significantly higher AChE activity. In addition, gene copy number variation of acetylcholinesterase (ace) gene among populations was detected and ranged from 1.6 to 2.1-fold relative to the susceptible population. All field-collected populations, but not the selected population, had a significantly higher ace copy number compared to the susceptible population (t-test, p < 0.05). Molecular analysis of the target-site (AChE) revealed, for the first time, a phenylalanine to tryptophan substition at position 331 in AChE (Torpedo californica numbering), both in field-collected and the selected population, but not in the susceptible population. Last, the selected F5 population consumed significantly more Tetranychusurticae adults than the parental population. Together, the results of this study shed light on the molecular determinants of acaricide selectivity in predatory mites, and will contribute to a better design of an integrated mite management program, including the use of pesticide resistant N. californicus in apple orchards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Albayrak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yorulmaz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Emre İnak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Toprak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marques F, Mitra SK. Dip-and-Fold Device: A Paper-Based Testing Platform for Rapid Assessment of Insecticides in Water Samples. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8456-8465. [PMID: 35005921 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of water and food in agricultural areas, where an enormous volume of pesticides is widely employed to enhance crop production, is a challenging reality. The rapid assessment of these contaminants is fundamental to assure water and food quality and safety, particularly for local community members. This work presents a nonexpensive and easy-operational paper-based testing device for the fast detection of insecticides (carbamates and organophosphates) in water samples. The structural design "dip-and-fold" allows us to carry out the analysis without introducing reagents or samples. The device is prepared using different high-quality papers to support the active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the customized chemical formulation for colorimetric detection. The chemical principle is based on the AChE inhibition reaction and Ellman's method. The experiments using standard solutions of carbofuran, propoxur, and chlorpyriphos indicated satisfactory detection at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.0001 mM, and the color results are revealed within 10 min. Therefore, this technique represents a promising alternative for implementing low-cost and efficient water monitoring and management solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Marques
- Micro & Nano-scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sushanta K Mitra
- Micro & Nano-scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seepe HA, Nxumalo W, Amoo SO. Natural Products from Medicinal Plants against Phytopathogenic Fusarium Species: Current Research Endeavours, Challenges and Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216539. [PMID: 34770948 PMCID: PMC8587185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Fusarium species are pathogenic, causing crop diseases during crop production and spoilage of agricultural products in both commercial and smallholder farming. Fusarium attack often results into food contamination, yield loss and increases in food insecurity and food prices. Synthetic fungicides have been used as a control strategy for the management of crop diseases caused by Fusarium pathogens. The negative effects associated with application of many synthetic pesticides has necessitated the need to search for alternative control strategies that are affordable and environmentally safe. Research on medicinal plants as control agents for Fusarium pathogens has received attention since plants are readily available and they contain wide variety of secondary metabolites that are biodegradable. The activities of solvent extracts, essential oils and compounds from medicinal plants have been tested against Fusarium phytopathogenic species. A summary of recent information on antifungal activity of plants against Fusarium species is valuable for the development of biopesticides. This paper reviews the antifungal research conducted on medicinal plants against Fusarium pathogens, over a 10-year period, from January 2012 to May 2021. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities of using natural products from medicinal plants in crop protection. Several databases (Science Direct and Web of Science) were used to obtain information on botanical products used to control Fusarium diseases on crops. Keywords search used included natural products, antifungal, Fusarium, crops diseases, phytopathogenic, natural compounds and essential oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hlabana A. Seepe
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.); (W.N.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-12-808-8000 (H.A.S.); +27-15-268-2331 (W.N.); +27-12-808-8000 (S.O.A.)
| | - Winston Nxumalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.); (W.N.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-12-808-8000 (H.A.S.); +27-15-268-2331 (W.N.); +27-12-808-8000 (S.O.A.)
| | - Stephen O. Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.); (W.N.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-12-808-8000 (H.A.S.); +27-15-268-2331 (W.N.); +27-12-808-8000 (S.O.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Synthesis, crystal structure, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, evaluation of insecticidal activities, and computational studies of new phosphonic acids. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1519-1530. [PMID: 34351546 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to obtain the modified and novel insecticides with low human toxicity, a series of novel mono-, bis-, and tetraphosphonic acid derivatives were designed and characterized by infrared, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The inhibitory effects of the synthesized compounds were evaluated using the in vitro Ellman method on human and insect acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Some of these compounds, which had low human and high insect toxicity, were chosen to assess the killing effects (in vivo) on third larval instar of elm leaf beetle (X. luteola). In vivo and in vitro evidence has revealed that bisphosphonic acids, containing hydrophobic systems, have a good selectivity of insect AChE inhibition. In the present study, docking results showed that bisphosphonic acids had lower binding energy and higher inhibition compared with tetraphosphonic acids due to the type of their topology and the ability of their hydrogen to interact with the catalytic triad (the main active site of the enzyme). Additionally, the QSAR results demonstrated that the major effecting factors on the insecticidal activity of the subject compounds are the hydrophobicity, size, shape, and ability to form a hydrogen bond. The present study can be helpful in the development of new insecticides.
Collapse
|
20
|
Santana MS, Sandrini-Neto L, Di Domenico M, Prodocimo MM. Pesticide effects on fish cholinesterase variability and mean activity: A meta-analytic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143829. [PMID: 33248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish cholinesterases (ChEs) - like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) - are common biomarkers of environmental contamination due to their sensitivity to a variety of toxicants. To understand pesticide effects on fish ChEs mean activity and variability, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. Our goal was to verify (i) if brain and muscle ChEs responded differently to pesticide exposure; (ii) how fish size and life stage (i.e., juvenile and adult) influence ChEs variability and mean activity; (iii) what type of pesticides (i.e., herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide) has the strongest effect, and if the analytical-grade compounds differ from commercial formulations; (iv) if increasing concentrations combined with prolonged exposure leads to stronger ChEs inhibition; and (v) how each class of pesticide affects these enzymes. We validated ChEs reliability as biomarkers and identified factors influencing their response. Regardless of tissue, BChE response was more variable than AChE, and no difference between their average activity was detected. The size of juvenile fish is an important factor affecting ChEs mean activity and variability, whereas pesticide had no significant effect on adult fish ChEs. Insecticides were stronger inhibitors compared to herbicides and fungicides. Analytical-grade compounds decreased ChEs mean activity to a higher degree than commercial formulations. The combined effect of concentration and time was only significant for fungicides and insecticides. Among classes, organophosphorus insecticides had the strongest effect on ChEs, followed by carbamates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids. Organophosphorus herbicides and oxazolidinones were the only herbicides to decrease ChEs mean activity significantly, and their effects were similar from those of pyrethroids and organochlorines. Additionally, our results identified research gaps, such as the small number of studies on fungicides, neonicotinoids and other relevant pesticides. These findings suggest future directions, which might help researchers identify robust cause-effect relationships between fish ChEs and pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela S Santana
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Sandrini-Neto
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The multiple biological roles of the cholinesterases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 162:41-56. [PMID: 33307019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is tacitly assumed that the biological role of acetylcholinesterase is termination of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses. However, together with its structural homolog, butyrylcholinesterase, it is widely distributed both within and outside the nervous system, and, in many cases, the role of both enzymes remains obscure. The transient appearance of the cholinesterases in embryonic tissues is especially enigmatic. The two enzymes' extra-synaptic roles, which are known as 'non-classical' roles, are the topic of this review. Strong evidence has been presented that AChE and BChE play morphogenetic roles in a variety of eukaryotic systems, and they do so either by acting as adhesion proteins, or as trophic factors. As trophic factors, one mode of action is to directly regulate morphogenesis, such as neurite outgrowth, by poorly understood mechanisms. The other mode is by regulating levels of acetylcholine, which acts as the direct trophic factor. Alternate substrates have been sought for the cholinesterases. Quite recently, it was shown that levels of the aggression hormone, ghrelin, which also controls appetite, are regulated by butyrylcholinesterase. The rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase generates high local proton concentrations. The possible biophysical and biological consequences of this effect are discussed. The biological significance of the acetylcholinesterases secreted by parasitic nematodes is reviewed, and, finally, the involvement of acetylcholinesterase in apoptosis is considered.
Collapse
|
22
|
Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Apland JP, Figueiredo TH, De Araujo Furtado M, Braga MF. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (nerve agents) as weapons of mass destruction: History, mechanisms of action, and medical countermeasures. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
23
|
Zainuddin AH, Wee SY, Aris AZ. Occurrence and potential risk of organophosphorus pesticides in urbanised Linggi River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3703-3715. [PMID: 32488800 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) increased gradually because of the rise in global food demand that triggered the agriculture sector to increase the production, leading to OPP residues in the surface water. This study elucidated the presence of OPPs and estimated its ecological risk in the riverine ecosystem of the urbanised Linggi River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The OPP concentration in surface water was determined using solid-phase extraction method and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. Further, the ecological risk was estimated by using the risk quotient (RQ) method. The three OPPs, i.e. chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and quinalphos were detected with mean concentrations of 0.0275 µg/L, 0.0328 µg/L, and 0.0362 µg/L, respectively. The OPPs were at high risk (in general and worst cases) under acute exposure. The estimated risk of diazinon was observed as medium for general (RQm = 0.5857) and high for worst cases (RQex = 4.4678). Notably, the estimated risk for chlorpyrifos was high for both general and worst cases (RQm = 1.9643 and RQex = 11.5643) towards the aquatic ecosystem of the Linggi River. Chronic risk of quinalphos remains unknown because of the absence of toxicity endpoints. This study presented clear knowledge regarding OPP contamination and possible risk for aquatic ecosystems. Hence, OPPs should be listed as one of the main priority contaminants in pesticide mitigation management in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azim Haziq Zainuddin
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gestational exposures to organophosphorus insecticides: From acute poisoning to developmental neurotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108271. [PMID: 32814088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For over three-quarters of a century, organophosphorus (OP) insecticides have been ubiquitously used in agricultural, residential, and commercial settings and in public health programs to mitigate insect-borne diseases. Their broad-spectrum insecticidal effectiveness is accounted for by the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that catalyzes acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis, in the nervous system of insects. However, because AChE is evolutionarily conserved, OP insecticides are also toxic to mammals, including humans, and acute OP intoxication remains a major public health concern in countries where OP insecticide usage is poorly regulated. Environmental exposures to OP levels that are generally too low to cause marked inhibition of AChE and to trigger acute signs of intoxication, on the other hand, represent an insidious public health issue worldwide. Gestational exposures to OP insecticides are particularly concerning because of the exquisite sensitivity of the developing brain to these insecticides. The present article overviews and discusses: (i) the health effects and therapeutic management of acute OP poisoning during pregnancy, (ii) epidemiological studies examining associations between environmental OP exposures during gestation and health outcomes of offspring, (iii) preclinical evidence that OP insecticides are developmental neurotoxicants, and (iv) potential mechanisms underlying the developmental neurotoxicity of OP insecticides. Understanding how gestational exposures to different levels of OP insecticides affect pregnancy and childhood development is critical to guiding implementation of preventive measures and direct research aimed at identifying effective therapeutic interventions that can limit the negative impact of these exposures on public health.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lumsden EW, McCowan L, Pescrille JD, Fawcett WP, Chen H, Albuquerque EX, Mamczarz J, Pereira EFR. Learning and memory retention deficits in prepubertal guinea pigs prenatally exposed to low levels of the organophosphorus insecticide malathion. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 81:106914. [PMID: 32652103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High doses of malathion, an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide ubiquitously used in agriculture, residential settings, and public health programs worldwide, induce a well-defined toxidrome that results from the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, prenatal exposures to malathion levels that are below the threshold for AChE inhibition have been associated with increased risks of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability comorbidity. The present study tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposures to a non-AChE-inhibiting dose of malathion are causally related to sex-biased cognitive deficits later in life in a precocial species. To this end, pregnant guinea pigs were injected subcutaneously with malathion (20 mg/kg) or vehicle (peanut oil, 0.5 ml/kg) once daily between approximate gestational days 53 and 63. This malathion dose regimen caused no significant AChE inhibition in the brain or blood of dams and offspring and had no significant effect on the postnatal growth of the offspring. Around postnatal day 30, locomotor activity and habituation, a form of non-associative learning, were comparable between malathion- and peanut oil-exposed offspring. However, in the Morris water maze, malathion-exposed offspring presented significant sex-dependent spatial learning deficits in addition to memory impairments. These results are far-reaching as they indicate that: (i) malathion is a developmental neurotoxicant and (ii) AChE inhibition is not an adequate biomarker to derive safety limits of malathion exposures during gestation. Continued studies are necessary to identify the time and dose dependence of the developmental neurotoxicity of malathion and the mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of this insecticide in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Lumsden
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Lillian McCowan
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Joseph D Pescrille
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - William P Fawcett
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Hegang Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Edson X Albuquerque
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Jacek Mamczarz
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America.
| | - Edna F R Pereira
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
de Souza MT, de Souza MT, Bernardi D, Krinski D, de Melo DJ, da Costa Oliveira D, Rakes M, Zarbin PHG, de Noronha Sales Maia BHL, Zawadneak MAC. Chemical composition of essential oils of selected species of Piper and their insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii and Trichopria anastrephae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13056-13065. [PMID: 32006336 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of five species of the genus Piper (P. aduncum L.; P. crassinervium Kunth.; P. malacophyllum Prels.; P. gaudichaudianum Kunth.; P. marginatum L.), and assess their toxicity to the adults of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae). The major compounds were monoterpene hydrocarbons (5.3-60.9%); oxygenated monoterpenes (13.3%); sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (8.3-45.3%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (5.2-58.8%); and arylpropanoids (15.2-29.6%). In bioassays of ingestion and topical application, essential oils (EOs) from P. aduncum, P. gaudichaudianum, and P. marginatum killed approximately 100% of adults of D. suzukii, similarly to the insecticide based on spinetoram (75 mg L-1) (96.2% of mortality). Besides, the dry residues from P. aduncum, P. gaudichaudianum, and P. marginatum provided a repellent effect on oviposition (≅ 7 eggs/fruits) and negative effects on egg viability (≅ 2 larvae/fruits) of D. suzukii on artificial fruits. Based on the estimate of the lethal concentration required to kill 90% of exposed flies, EOs from P. aduncum, P. crassinervium, P. gaudichaudianum, P. malacophyllum, and P. marginatum provided low toxicity to the parasitoid T. anastrephae in a bioassay of ingestion and topical application (mortality < 20%), similarly to the water treatment (≅ 5% of mortality). EOs of Piper species tested in this work showed to be promising plant insecticides for the management of D. suzukii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Trombin de Souza
- Department of Phytotechnology and Plant Health, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Mireli Trombin de Souza
- Department of Phytotechnology and Plant Health, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Diones Krinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Douglas José de Melo
- Department of Phytotechnology and Plant Health, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daiana da Costa Oliveira
- Department of Plant Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rakes
- Department of Plant Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, 96010-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nachon F, Rosenberry TL, Silman I, Sussman JL. A Second Look at the Crystal Structures of Drosophila melanogaster Acetylcholinesterase in Complex with Tacrine Derivatives Provides Insights Concerning Catalytic Intermediates and the Design of Specific Insecticides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051198. [PMID: 32155891 PMCID: PMC7179448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, crystallographic software for data processing and structure refinement has improved dramatically, resulting in more accurate and detailed crystal structures. It is, therefore, sometimes valuable to have a second look at "old" diffraction data, especially when earlier interpretation of the electron density maps was rather difficult. Here, we present updated crystal structures of Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase (DmAChE) originally published in [Harel et al., Prot Sci (2000) 9:1063-1072], which reveal features previously unnoticed. Thus, previously unmodeled density in the native active site can be interpreted as stable acetylation of the catalytic serine. Similarly, a strong density in the DmAChE/ZA complex originally attributed to a sulfate ion is better interpreted as a small molecule that is covalently bound. This small molecule can be modeled as either a propionate or a glycinate. The complex is reminiscent of the carboxylate butyrylcholinesterase complexes observed in crystal structures of human butyrylcholinesterases from various sources, and demonstrates the remarkable ability of cholinesterases to stabilize covalent complexes with carboxylates. A very strong peak of density (10 σ) at covalent distance from the Cβ of the catalytic serine is present in the DmAChE/ZAI complex. This can be undoubtedly attributed to an iodine atom, suggesting an unanticipated iodo/hydroxyl exchange between Ser238 and the inhibitor, possibly driven by the intense X-ray irradiation. Finally, the binding of tacrine-derived inhibitors, such as ZA (1DX4) or the iodinated analog, ZAI (1QON) results in the appearance of an open channel that connects the base of the active-site gorge to the solvent. This channel, which arises due to the absence of the conserved tyrosine present in vertebrate cholinesterases, could be exploited to design inhibitors specific to insect cholinesterases. The present study demonstrates that updated processing of older diffraction images, and the re-refinement of older diffraction data, can produce valuable information that could not be detected in the original analysis, and strongly supports the preservation of the diffraction images in public data banks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-178-65-1877
| | - Terrone L. Rosenberry
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Israel Silman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel;
| | - Joel L. Sussman
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lu XP, Xu L, Meng LW, Wang LL, Niu J, Wang JJ. Divergent molecular evolution in glutathione S-transferase conferring malathion resistance in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125203. [PMID: 31678848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important in insecticide detoxification and Insect-specific GSTs, Epsilon and Delta, have largely expanded in insects. In this study, we functionally expressed and characterized an epsilon class GST gene (BdGSTe8), predominant in the adult Malpighian tubules of Bactrocera dorsalis. This gene may be associated with malathion resistance based on transcriptional studies of resistant and susceptible strains. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of this gene significantly recovered malathion susceptibility in the adults of a malathion-resistant strain, and overexpression of BdGSTe8 enhanced resistance in transgenic Drosophila. Analysis of BdGSTe8 polymorphism showed that several point mutations may be associated with metabolic resistance to malathion. A cytotoxicity assay in Escherichia coli indicated that both of the recombinant BdGSTe8 proteins may play a functional role in protecting cells from toxicity. The allele of BdGSTe8-B conferred higher levels of malathion detoxification capability. Liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that the BdGSTe8-A allele did not metabolize malathion directly. However, the BdGSTe8-B allele was involved in the direct metabolism of malathion, which was caused by a mutation in V128A. Further analysis of the sequence suggests that BdGSTe8 evolved rapidly. It maybe play the role of a backup gene and could become a new gene in the future in order to retain the ability of detoxification of malathion, which was driven by positive selection. These results suggest that divergent molecular evolution in BdGSTe8 has played a role in metabolic resistance to malathion in B. dorsalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Li-Wei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Luo-Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400700, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin VS, Volk RF, DeLeon AJ, Anderson LN, Purvine SO, Shukla AK, Bernstein HC, Smith JN, Wright AT. Structure Dependent Determination of Organophosphate Targets in Mammalian Tissues Using Activity-Based Protein Profiling. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:414-425. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian S. Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Regan F. Volk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Adrian J. DeLeon
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Lindsey N. Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Samuel O. Purvine
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Anil K. Shukla
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Waczuk EP, Wagner R, Klein B, da Rocha JBT, Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Barbosa NV. Assessing the toxicant effect of spontaneously volatilized 4-vinylcyclohexane exposure in nymphs of the lobster cockroach nauphoeta cinerea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103264. [PMID: 31550595 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) is an environmental contaminant well known for its ovotoxicant effects in several organisms. However, the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of VCH as well as its harmful effects toward other organs are until unclear. In this work, we assess some endpoint signals of toxicity induced by volatilized VCH exposure using nymphs of the lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. Nymphs were exposed to VCH via inhalation for 70 days. The levels of volatilized VCH were quantified by headspace gas chromatography and the concentration varied between 3.41 and 7.03 nmol/μl. VCH inhalation caused a reduction of 35% in the survival rate of the exposed animals. Nymphs exposed to volatilized VCH for 35 and 70 days had a reduction in the body weight gain of 1.8- and 2.6-fold, respectively with a reduction in dissected head, fat body, and maturing reproductive organs. The exposure did not change water consumption, excepting on the 20th day (with a 3-fold change) and decreased the food intake significantly. Regarding biochemical markers, we found that the activity of GST from the dissected organs was increased by volatilized VCH after both 35 and 70 days of exposure. The fat body presented the most prominent GST activity especially after 35 days of exposure with 1.6-fold higher than the control group. Exposure also caused an increase in RS levels in the fat body of 1.35-fold and 1.47-fold after 35 and 70 days, respectively and did not affect the activity of the AChE from the head. Our findings support the harmful impact of volatilized VCH inhalation, highlighting the cockroach N.cinerea as a valuable insect model to investigate environmental toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Pansera Waczuk
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Departamento: Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciência Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Klein
- Departamento: Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciência Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel M P Ardisson-Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Menthol Increases Bendiocarb Efficacy Through Activation of Octopamine Receptors and Protein Kinase A. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203775. [PMID: 31635151 PMCID: PMC6832705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Great effort is put into seeking a new and effective strategies to control insect pests. One of them is to combine natural products with chemical insecticides to increase their effectiveness. In the study presented, menthol which is an essential oil component was evaluated on its ability to increase the efficiency of bendiocarb, carbamate insecticide. A multi-approach study was conducted using biochemical method (to measure acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity), electrophysiological technique (microelectrode recordings in DUM neurons in situ), and confocal microscopy (for calcium imaging). In the electrophysiological experiments, menthol caused hyperpolarization, which was blocked by an octopamine receptor antagonist (phentolamine) and an inhibitor of protein kinase A (H-89). It also raised the intracellular calcium level. The effect of bendiocarb was potentiated by menthol and this phenomenon was abolished by phentolamine and H-89 but not by protein kinase C inhibitor (bisindolylmaleimide IX). The results indicate that menthol increases carbamate insecticide efficiency by acting on octopamine receptors and triggering protein kinase A phosphorylation pathway.
Collapse
|
32
|
Leung MCK, Meyer JN. Mitochondria as a target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: Revisiting common mechanisms of action with new approach methodologies. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:83-92. [PMID: 31315019 PMCID: PMC6766410 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity has been proposed as a potential cause of developmental defects in humans. We evaluated 51 organophosphate and carbamate pesticides using the U.S. EPA ToxCast and Tox21 databases. Only a small number of them bind directly to cholinesterases in the parent form. The hydrophobicity of organophosphate pesticides is correlated significantly to TSPO binding affinity, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in HepG2 cells, and developmental toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio (p < 0.05). Structural analysis suggests that in some cases the Krebs cycle is a potential target of organophosphate and carbamate exposure at early life stages. The results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial effects of some organophosphate pesticides-particularly those that require enzymatic activation to the oxon form-may augment the documented effects of disruption of acetylcholine signaling. This study provides a proof of concept for applying new approach methodologies to interrogate mechanisms of action for cumulative risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C K Leung
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Riva C, Suzanne P, Charpentier G, Dulin F, Halm-Lemeille MP, Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos J. In silico chemical library screening and experimental validation of novel compounds with potential varroacide activities. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 160:11-19. [PMID: 31519244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mite Varroa destructor is an ectoparasite and has been identified as a major cause of worldwide honey bee colony losses. The use of yearly treatments for the control of varroosis is the most common answer to prevent collapses of honey bee colonies due to the mite. However, the number of effective acaricides is small and the mite tends to become resistant to these few active molecules. In this study, we have been looking for a new original varroacide treatment inhibiting selectively Varroa destructor AChE (vdAChE) with respect to Apis mellifera AChE (amAChE). To do this an original drug design methodology was used applying virtual screening of the CERMN chemolibrary, starting from a vdAChE homology sequence model. By combining the in silico screening with in vitro experiments, two promising compounds were found. In vitro tests of AChE inhibition for both species have confirmed good selectivity toward the mite vdAChE. Moreover, an in vivo protocol was performed and highlighted a varroacide activity without acute consequences on honey bee survival. The two compounds discovered have the potential to become new drug leads for the development of new treatments against the mite varroa. The method described here clearly shows the potential of a drug-design approach to develop new solutions to safeguard honey bee health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Riva
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen, France
| | - Peggy Suzanne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Charpentier
- Véto-pharma, 12/14 rue de la Croix-Martre, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabienne Dulin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen, France; IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie, Bd du General de Gaulle, 14520, Port en Bessin, France
| | - Jana Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Organophosphorus pesticide determination in biological specimens: bioanalytical and toxicological aspects. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1763-1784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
35
|
Jankowska M, Lapied B, Jankowski W, Stankiewicz M. The unusual action of essential oil component, menthol, in potentiating the effect of the carbamate insecticide, bendiocarb. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 158:101-111. [PMID: 31378344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Standard chemical insecticides present mainly neurotoxic effects and are becoming less and less effective due to insects developing resistance to them. One of the innovative strategies to control insects pests is to find a way to increase the sensitivity of the target sites in the insect nervous system to the applied insecticides. In the presented research, we proposed menthol, a component of essential oils, as a factor increasing the effectiveness of bendiocarb, a carbamate insecticide. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potentiation of the bendiocarb effect by menthol. In toxicity tests performed on Periplaneta americana, menthol (0.1 μM) accelerated the lethal effect of bendiocarb, primarily in its low concentrations (lower than 0.05 mM). In the presence of menthol (1 and 0.1 μM), the ability of insects to turn back from its dorsal to the normal ventral side was significantly lower than with bendiocarb (1 μM) alone. We also evaluated the effectiveness of chemicals on the activity of the ventral nerve cord of the cockroach. In this preparation, bendiocarb (1 μM and higher concentrations) caused an irregular, spontaneous bursts of action potentials. The total nerve activity (including the response to stimulation and spontaneous firing) was much higher when bendiocarb was applied in the presence of menthol (1 μM). The effect of menthol was similar to the octopamine effect and was abolished by phentolamine, the octopamine receptor antagonist. Our results clearly indicated a strengthening effect of menthol on bendiocarb effectiveness; potentiation occurred through octopamine receptors activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jankowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Bruno Lapied
- Laboratoire SiFCIR UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, Université d'Angers, UFR Sciences, Angers, France
| | - Waldemar Jankowski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gholivand K, Mohammadpanah F, Pooyan M, Valmoozi AAE, Sharifi M, Mani-Varnosfaderani A, Hosseini Z. Synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal activities, molecular docking and QSAR studies of some new phospho guanidines and phospho pyrazines as cholinesterase inhibitors. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:122-137. [PMID: 31153459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel phospho guanidine and phospho pyrazine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 31P, 13C, 1HNMR and IR spectroscopy to obtain novel and human-safe insecticides. Compound 35 [(C4H4N2NH)2P(O)(C6H6)] was investigated by X-ray crystallography. The inhibitory effects of synthesized compounds were evaluated on human and insect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using in vitro Ellman method. A few of these compounds, which had low human toxicity, were selected for assessing the killing effects (in vivo) on the elm leaf beetle (X.luteola). The in vitro and in vivo results indicated that compounds bearing both phosphoryl groups and aromatic systems were found to possess a good selectivity for the inhibition of insect AChE over human AChE; up to 550-fold selectivity was achieved for compound 19. Docking studies were performed to explain reasons for the selective behavior of AChE inhibitors. Additionally, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and density functional theory (DFT) results of AChEs demonstrated that the size, shape, dipole moment, and ability to form hydrogen bond played the main role in both models. In addition, the aromatic π - π interactions and charge of the amide nitrogen had a major effect on insecticidal activity of the compounds. The present research can be helpful to gain a better understanding of the interactions between the insect AChE and its inhibitors and introduces compounds which are capable of becoming human-safe insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahsa Pooyan
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Sharifi
- Department of plant protection, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, ARREO, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rotundo G, Paventi G, Barberio A, De Cristofaro A, Notardonato I, Russo MV, Germinara GS. Biological activity of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter extracts against adult Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and identification of active compounds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6429. [PMID: 31015563 PMCID: PMC6478880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, a perennial weed of the Mediterranean area, was reported to be source of active substances. Here, by means of both ingestion and contact assays, the biological activity of three different extracts (n-hexane, methanol, and distilled water) of D. viscosa aerial part has been evaluated against Sitophilus granarius (L.) adults, an important pest of stored grains. Ingestion assays showed negligible mortality and food deterrence for all the extracts, whereas only a slight reduction of some nutritional parameters (relative growth rate, relative consumption rate, food efficiency conversion) was recorded for water extract. High contact toxicity was found only for the n-hexane extract (24 h median lethal dose LD50 = 53.20 μg/adult). This extract was further subfractioned by silica gel column chromatography and then by thin layer chromatography. Further contact toxicity bioassays highlighted two active subfractions which were analyzed by GC-MS. This revealed the occurrence, in both subfractions, of two major peaks that were identified as α- and γ- costic acid isomers. Moreover, D. viscosa active subfractions, did not cause acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition; therefore, in the light of progressive limitation of compounds acting by this mechanism of action, D. viscosa represents a promising eco-sustainable source of natural products for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rotundo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Paventi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Antonia Barberio
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ivan Notardonato
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mario V Russo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giacinto S Germinara
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Puschner B, Gallego SM. Chemical hazards associated with milk and dairy. CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-877-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 149 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven M. Gallego
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services, 2135 Civic Center Drive, Redding, CA 96001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Characterization of Nanospheres Containing Zanthoxylum riedelianum Fruit Essential Oil and Their Insecticidal and Deterrent Activities against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082052. [PMID: 30115840 PMCID: PMC6222527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to produce and characterize poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanospheres containing essential oils from Zanthoxylum riedelianum fruit and to evaluate their stability gains as well as their insecticidal and deterrent activities against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The PCL nanospheres exhibited a homogeneous spherical morphology, with particle diameters between 106.7 nm and 129.2 nm, pH of approximately 6, zeta potential (ZP) lower than −19.0 mV and encapsulation efficiency higher than 98%. Only 43% of the nanoencapsulated essential oil (NSEO) was degraded in response to ultraviolet light, whereas the essential oil (EO) degraded by 76% over the same period. In a free-choice test, the NSEO and EO reduced the number of whitefly eggs by approximately 70%. NSEO and EO at 1.5% killed 82.87% and 91.23% of 2nd-instar nymphs of whitefly, respectively. Although NSEO displayed lower insecticidal activity, it offers a greater advantage over the free EO, due to protection conferred by polymer against photodegradation. Therefore, its usage may optimize the maintenance of essential oils in the field through photoprotection and controlled release. Our results suggest that the EO of Z. riedelianum fruit can be used for B. tabaci management strategy; nevertheless, the benefits of NSEO require further evaluation at the field level.
Collapse
|
40
|
Suemizu H, Kawai K, Murayama N, Nakamura M, Yamazaki H. Chimeric mice with humanized liver as a model for testing organophosphate and carbamate pesticide exposure. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1424-1430. [PMID: 29235720 PMCID: PMC5969263 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of acute intoxication with organophosphate (OP) or carbamate (CM) pesticides in humans is achieved by measuring plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. However, BuChE activity is not an ideal biomarker in experimental animal models. The aim of this study was to establish an experimental mouse model for evaluating exposure to OP and CM pesticides by monitoring BuChE activity using chimeric mice in which the liver was reconstituted with human hepatocytes. RESULTS A single oral administration of acephate (300 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (10 mg/kg), fenobucarb (300 mg/kg) or molinate (250 mg/kg) in chimeric mice led to inhibition of >95%, > 95%, 28% and 60% of plasma BuChE activity after 7, 0.5, 0.5 and 7 h, respectively. Dose-dependent decreases in plasma BuChE activity were also observed for acephate and chlorpyrifos. A 5-day repeated-dose study with 10 or 30 mg/kg acephate found a constitutive reduction in plasma BuChE activity to 80% and 70% of pre-dose levels, respectively. CONCLUSION Changes in plasma BuChE activity in chimeric mice with humanized liver clearly reflected the exposure levels of OP and CM pesticides. These results suggest that the humanized-liver mouse model may be suitable for estimating levels of exposure to these pesticides in humans. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research DepartmentCentral Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Pathology Analysis CenterCentral Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsShowa Pharmaceutical UniversityMachidaJapan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Regenerative MedicineTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsShowa Pharmaceutical UniversityMachidaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
One of the major classes of pesticides is that of the organophosphates (OPs). Initial developments date back almost 2 centuries but it was only in the mid-1940s that OPs reached a prominent status as insecticides, a status that, albeit declining, is still ongoing. OPs are highly toxic to nontarget species including humans, the primary effects being an acute cholinergic toxicity (responsible for thousands of poisoning each year) and a delayed polyneuropathy. Several issues of current debate and investigation on the toxicology of OPs are discussed in this brief review. These include (1) possible additional targets of OPs, (2) OPs as developmental neurotoxicants, (3) OPs and neurodegenerative diseases, (4) OPs and the "aerotoxic syndrome," (5) OPs and the microbiome, and (6) OPs and cancer. Some of these issues have been debated and studied for some time, while others are newer, suggesting that the study of the toxicology of OPs will remain an important scientific and public health issue for years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dietary cumulative acute risk assessment of organophosphorus, carbamates and pyrethroids insecticides for the Brazilian population. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Originally, organophosphorus (OP) toxicology consisted of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by insecticides and chemical threat agents acting as phosphorylating agents for serine in the catalytic triad, but this is no longer the case. Other serine hydrolases can be secondary OP targets, depending on the OP structure, and include neuropathy target esterase, lipases, and endocannabinoid hydrolases. The major OP herbicides are glyphosate and glufosinate, which act in plants but not animals to block aromatic amino acid and glutamine biosynthesis, respectively, with safety for crops conferred by their expression of herbicide-tolerant targets and detoxifying enzymes from bacteria. OP fungicides, pharmaceuticals including calcium retention agents, industrial chemicals, and cytochrome P450 inhibitors act by multiple noncholinergic mechanisms, often with high potency and specificity. One type of OP-containing fire retardant forms a highly toxic bicyclophosphate γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist upon combustion. Some OPs are teratogenic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic by known mechanisms that can be avoided as researchers expand knowledge of OP chemistry and toxicology for future developments in bioregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Casida
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Quantitative estimation of cholinesterase-specific drug metabolism of carbamate inhibitors provided by the analysis of the area under the inhibition-time curve. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:167-174. [PMID: 28468728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several molecules containing carbamate groups are metabolized by cholinesterases. This metabolism includes a time-dependent catalytic step which temporary inhibits the enzymes. In this paper we demonstrate that the analysis of the area under the inhibition versus time curve (AUIC) can be used to obtain a quantitative estimation of the amount of carbamate metabolized by the enzyme. (R)-bambuterol monocarbamate and plasma butyrylcholinesterase were used as model carbamate-cholinesterase system. The inhibition of different concentrations of the enzyme was monitored for 5h upon incubation with different concentrations of carbamate and the resulting AUICs were analyzed. The amount of carbamate metabolized could be estimated with <15% accuracy (RE%) and ≤23% precision (RSD%). Since the knowledge of the inhibition kinetics is not required for the analysis, this approach could be used to determine the amount of drug metabolized by cholinesterases in a selected compartment in which the cholinesterase is confined (e.g. in vitro solutions, tissues or body fluids), either in vitro or in vivo.
Collapse
|
45
|
Xiao Q, Zhou H, Wei H, Du H, Tan W, Zhan Y, Pistolozzi M. A new method to characterize the kinetics of cholinesterases inhibited by carbamates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
46
|
Xu G, Huo D, Hou C, Zhao Y, Bao J, Yang M, Fa H. A regenerative and selective electrochemical aptasensor based on copper oxide nanoflowers-single walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for chlorpyrifos detection. Talanta 2017; 178:1046-1052. [PMID: 29136795 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture. However, its neurotoxicity poses a huge threat to human health. To detect trace amounts of chlorpyrifos, we herein developed a regenerative electrochemical aptasensor for the sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos. The nanocomposite consisting of copper oxide nanoflowers (CuO NFs) and carboxyl-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWCNTs) was prepared to improve the sensing performance for chlorpyrifos detection. Various characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to demonstrate the successful fabrication of biosensor. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was utilized to optimize test conditions and quantify chlorpyrifos. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor obtained a good linearity for chlorpyrifos ranging from 0.1 to 150ng/mL, with a lower detection limit of 70pg/mL. This aptasensor also exhibited high selectivity and outstanding repeatability, and was successfully applied to the determination of chlorpyrifos in spiked apple and celery cabbage with satisfactory recoveries. Furthermore, the sensor can be easily regenerated by urea for continuous application. With all the features, the proposed strategy provides an excellent platform for regenerative and selective detection of chlorpyrifos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jing Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Huanbao Fa
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDCs) and agriculture: The case of pesticides. C R Biol 2017; 340:406-409. [PMID: 28826788 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of pesticides are suspected or proved to act as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). In the present survey of the literature, we try to define the main issues to be considered to classify individual pesticides as EDC or not.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zeng Z, Yan Y, Wang B, Liu N, Xu H. Discovery and identification of O, O-diethyl O-(4-(5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) phosphorothioate (XP-1408) as a novel mode of action of organophosphorus insecticides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3617. [PMID: 28620187 PMCID: PMC5472594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides play an important role in pest control. Many OP insecticides have been removed from the market because of their high toxicity to humans. We designed and synthesized a new OP insecticide with the goal of providing a low cost, and less toxic insecticide. The mode of action of O, O-diethyl O-(4-(5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) phosphorothioate (XP-1408) was studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Bioassays showed that XP-1408 at a concentration of 50 mg/L delayed larval development. Molecular docking into Drosophila acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and voltage-gated sodium channels suggested that XP-1408 fitted into their active sites and could be inhibitory. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings indicated that XP-1408 exhibited synergistic effects involving the inhibition of cholinergic synaptic transmission and blockage of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels and sodium (Nav) channels. In conclusion, the multiple actions of XP-1408 rendered it as a lead compound for formulating OP insecticides with a novel mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Bingfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Niu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abreu-Villaça Y, Levin ED. Developmental neurotoxicity of succeeding generations of insecticides. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:55-77. [PMID: 27908457 PMCID: PMC5285268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are by design toxic. They must be toxic to effectively kill target species of insects. Unfortunately, they also have off-target toxic effects that can harm other species, including humans. Developmental neurotoxicity is one of the most prominent off-target toxic risks of insecticides. Over the past seven decades several classes of insecticides have been developed, each with their own mechanisms of effect and toxic side effects. This review covers the developmental neurotoxicity of the succeeding generations of insecticides including organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotinoids. The goal of new insecticide development is to more effectively kill target species with fewer toxic side effects on non-target species. From the experience with the developmental neurotoxicity caused by the generations of insecticides developed in the past advice is offered how to proceed with future insecticide development to decrease neurotoxic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiologicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
New insights on molecular interactions of organophosphorus pesticides with esterases. Toxicology 2017; 376:30-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|