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Yu X, Chen M, Wu J, Song R. Research progress of SIRTs activator resveratrol and its derivatives in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390907. [PMID: 38962006 PMCID: PMC11219927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AID) have emerged as prominent contributors to disability and mortality worldwide, characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms involving genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors. In response to this challenge, a growing body of research in recent years has delved into genetic modifications, yielding valuable insights into AID prevention and treatment. Sirtuins (SIRTs) constitute a class of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases that orchestrate deacetylation processes, wielding significant regulatory influence over cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, immune response, apoptosis, and aging through epigenetic modifications. Resveratrol, the pioneering activator of the SIRTs family, and its derivatives have captured global scholarly interest. In the context of AID, these compounds hold promise for therapeutic intervention by modulating the SIRTs pathway, impacting immune cell functionality, suppressing the release of inflammatory mediators, and mitigating tissue damage. This review endeavors to explore the potential of resveratrol and its derivatives in AID treatment, elucidating their mechanisms of action and providing a comprehensive analysis of current research advancements and obstacles. Through a thorough examination of existing literature, our objective is to advocate for the utilization of resveratrol and its derivatives in AID treatment while offering crucial insights for the formulation of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiabiao Wu
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixiao Song
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Speciale A, Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Cristani M, Salamone FL, Saija A, Cimino F. An overview on the cellular mechanisms of anthocyanins in maintaining intestinal integrity and function. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105953. [PMID: 38588905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Structural and functional changes of the intestinal barrier, as a consequence of a number of (epi)genetic and environmental causes, have a main role in penetrations of pathogens and toxic agents, and lead to the development of inflammation-related pathological conditions, not only at the level of the GI tract but also in other extra-digestive tissues and organs. Anthocyanins (ACNs), a subclass of polyphenols belonging to the flavonoid group, are well known for their health-promoting properties and are widely distributed in the human diet. There is large evidence about the correlation between the human intake of ACN-rich products and a reduction of intestinal inflammation and dysfunction. Our review describes the more recent advances in the knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms through which ACNs can modulate the main mechanisms involved in intestinal dysfunction and inflammation, in particular the inhibition of the NF-κB, JNK, MAPK, STAT3, and TLR4 proinflammatory pathways, the upregulation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and the expression of tight junction proteins and mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy; "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, Messina 98100, Italy.
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
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Liu Y, Fernandes I, Mateus N, Oliveira H, Han F. The Role of Anthocyanins in Alleviating Intestinal Diseases: A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5491-5502. [PMID: 38446808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are phytonutrients with physiological activity belonging to the flavonoid family whose transport and absorption in the human body follow specific pathways. In the upper gastrointestinal tract, anthocyanins are rarely absorbed intact by active transporters, with most reaching the colon, where bacteria convert them into metabolites. There is mounting evidence that anthocyanins can be used for prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and colorectal cancer (CRC), through the protective function on the intestinal epithelial barrier, immunomodulation, antioxidants, and gut microbiota metabolism. Dietary anthocyanins are summarized in this comprehensive review with respect to their classification and structure as well as their absorption and transport mechanisms within the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the review delves into the role and mechanism of anthocyanins in treating common intestinal diseases. These insights will deepen our understanding of the potential benefits of natural anthocyanins for intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Porto 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fuliang Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Heyang Experimental Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Weinan 715300, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yongning 750104, China
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Frountzas M, Karanikki E, Toutouza O, Sotirakis D, Schizas D, Theofilis P, Tousoulis D, Toutouzas KG. Exploring the Impact of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Investigating New Mechanisms for Emerging Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119399. [PMID: 37298350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), the most widely distributed anthocyanin (ACN) in edible fruits, has been proposed for several bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-thrombotic and epigenetic actions. However, habitual intake of ACNs and C3G may vary widely among populations, regions, and seasons, among individuals with different education and financial status. The main point of C3G absorption occurs in the small and large bowel. Therefore, it has been supposed that the treating properties of C3G might affect inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBDs develop through complex inflammatory pathways and sometimes may be resistant to conventional treatment strategies. C3G presents antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antimicrobial effects useful for IBD management. In particular, different studies have demonstrated that C3G inhibits NF-κB pathway activation. In addition, C3G activates the Nrf2 pathway. On the other hand, it modulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins, such as NAD(P)H, superoxide dismutase, heme-oxygenase (HO-1), thioredoxin, quinone reductase-oxide 1 (NQO1), catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. Interferon I and II pathways are downregulated by C3G inhibiting interferon-mediating inflammatory cascades. Moreover, C3G reduces reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as C reactive protein, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-17A in UC and CD patients. Finally, C3G modulates gut microbiota by inducing an increase in beneficial gut bacteria and increasing microbial abundances, thus mitigating dysbiosis. Thus, C3G presents activities that may have potential therapeutic and protective actions against IBD. Still, in the future, clinical trials should be designed to investigate the bioavailability of C3G in IBD patients and the proper therapeutic doses through different sources, aiming to the standardization of the exact clinical outcome and efficacy of C3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximos Frountzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Karanikki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hippocration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Orsalia Toutouza
- School of Medicine, Imperial College of London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Demosthenis Sotirakis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- First Cardiology Department, "Hippocration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Department, "Hippocration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Toutouzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Bashllari R, Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Wilde PJ, Saija A, Cimino F. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protects intestinal epithelial cells from palmitate-induced lipotoxicity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:379-386. [PMID: 33021853 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1828480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased free fatty acids (FFAs) levels, typical in obesity condition, can contribute to systemic lipotoxicity and inflammation adversely influencing Inflammatory Bowel Disease development and progression. Anthocyanins possess health promoting properties mainly associated to the induction of Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective proteins. OBJECTIVE Using a novel experimental model, we evaluated the in vitro intracellular mechanisms involved in FFAs modulation of intestinal epithelial lipotoxicity and the protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in Caco-2 cells. RESULTS Caco-2 exposed to palmitic acid (PA) in the serosal (basolateral) side showed a combined state of epithelial inflammation, inducing NF-κB pathway and downstream cytokines, that was reverted by C3G apical pre-treatment. In addition, PA altered intracellular redox status and induced reactive oxygen species that were reduced by C3G via the redox-sensitive Nrf2 signalling. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results suggest that anti-inflammatory properties of anthocyanins, mediated by Nrf2, could represent an interesting tool for intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bashllari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Peter J Wilde
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, UK
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Astorga J, Gasaly N, Dubois-Camacho K, De la Fuente M, Landskron G, Faber KN, Urra FA, Hermoso MA. The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028953. [PMID: 36466902 PMCID: PMC9716353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a loss of intestinal barrier function caused by an aberrant interaction between the immune response and the gut microbiota. In IBD, imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics have been identified as essential events for activating the inflammasome-mediated response. Mitochondrial alterations, such as reduced respiratory complex activities and reduced production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (e.g., citric acid, fumarate, isocitric acid, malate, pyruvate, and succinate) have been described in in vitro and clinical studies. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial architecture in intestinal epithelial cells is dysmorphic, with cristae destruction and high dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-dependent fission. Likewise, these alterations in mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics promote metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and down-regulation of antioxidant Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling. Although the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dysfunction during mucosal inflammation are not fully understood at present, metabolic intermediates and cholesterol may act as signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD. Notably, dietary phytochemicals exhibit protective effects against cholesterol imbalance and mitochondrial function alterations to maintain gastrointestinal mucosal renewal in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol and mitochondrial metabolism in IBD, highlighting the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals, restoring intestinal metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karen Dubois-Camacho
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research, School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Félix A. Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Rodríguez-Vera D, Abad-García A, Vargas-Mendoza N, Pinto-Almazán R, Farfán-García ED, Morales-González JA, Soriano-Ursúa MA. Polyphenols as potential enhancers of stem cell therapy against neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2093-2101. [PMID: 35259814 PMCID: PMC9083162 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of polyphenols for treating chronic-degenerative diseases (particularly neurodegenerative diseases) is attractive. However, the selection of the best polyphenol for each treatment, the mechanisms by which they act, and their efficacy are frequently discussed. In this review, the basics and the advances in the field, as well as suggestions for using natural and synthetic polyphenols alone or in a combinatorial strategy with stem cell assays, are compiled and discussed. Thus, stem cells exhibit several responses when polyphenols are added to their environment, which could provide us with knowledge for advancing the elucidation of the origin of neurodegeneration. But also, polyphenols are being included in the innovative strategies of novel therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic diseases related to neurodegeneration. In this regard, flavonoid compounds are suggested as the best natural polyphenols due to their several mechanisms for acting in ameliorative effects; but increasing reports are involving other polyphenols. Even if some facts limiting bioactivity prevent them from conventional use, some natural polyphenols and derivatives hold the promise for being improved compounds, judged by their induced effects. The current results suggest polyphenols as enhancers of stem cell therapy against the targeted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Vera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Antonio Abad-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla km 34.5, State of México, México
| | - Eunice D. Farfán-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
- Correspondence to: José A. Morales-González, ;
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa, .
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
- Correspondence to: José A. Morales-González, ;
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa, .
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Hawk Tea Flavonoids as Natural Hepatoprotective Agents Alleviate Acute Liver Damage by Reshaping the Intestinal Microbiota and Modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173662. [PMID: 36079919 PMCID: PMC9459715 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawk tea (Litsea coreana Levl. var. lanuginosa) is a traditional herbal tea in southwestern China, and was found to possess hepatoprotective effects in our previous study. However, it is unclear whether hawk tea flavonoids (HTF) can alleviate alcoholic liver damage (ALD). Firstly, we extracted and identified the presence of 191 molecules categorized as HTFs, with reynoutrin, avicularin, guaijaverin, cynaroside, and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside being the most prevalent. After taking bioavailability into consideration and conducting comprehensive sorting, the contribution of guaijaverin was the highest (0.016 mg/mice). Then, by daily intragastric administration of HTF (100 mg/kg/day) to the ALD mice, we found that HTF alleviated liver lipid deposition (inhibition of TG, TC, LDL-C) by reducing liver oxidative-stress-mediated inflammation (up-regulation NRF2/HO-1 and down-regulation TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway) and reshaping the gut microbiota (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus increased). Overall, we found HTF could be a potential protective natural compound for treating ALD via the gut–liver axis and guaijaverin might be the key substance involved.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of an In Vitro Digested Anthocyanin-Rich Extract on Intestinal Epithelial Cells Exposed to TNF-α. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175368. [PMID: 36080136 PMCID: PMC9457953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The consumption of foods rich in anthocyanins (ACN) have been associated with beneficial properties in chronic inflammatory disorders such as intestinal bowel diseases (IBD). These effects were attributed not only to a direct antioxidant mechanism but also to the modulation of cell redox-dependent signaling. However, ACN bioavailability is low for their poor stability in the digestive tract, so ACN gastrointestinal digestion should be considered. Methods: To have a more realistic knowledge of the effects of ACN, we performed an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of an ACN-rich purified and standardized bilberry and blackcurrant extract (BBE), followed by an evaluation of ACN composition modification (HPLC-DAD and pH differential method) and antioxidant activity (FRAP assay). Then, we studied the effects of BBE gastrointestinal extract on Caco-2 exposed to TNF-α. Results: The results confirmed the high instability of ACN in the mild alkaline environment of the small intestine (17% recovery index). However, the digested BBE maintained part of its bioactivity. Additionally, BBE gastrointestinal extract inhibited the TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway in Caco-2 and activated the Nrf2 pathway. Conclusions: Although ACN stability is affected by gastrointestinal digestion, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of digested extracts were confirmed; thus, the loss of ACN can probably be counterweighed by their metabolites. Then, ACN introduced by diet or food supplements could represent an approach for IBD prevention.
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Liu H, Zang C, Shang J, Zhang Z, Wang L, Yang H, Sheng C, Yuan F, Ju C, Li F, Yu Y, Yao X, Bao X, Zhang D. <em>Gardenia jasminoides</em> J. Ellis extract GJ-4 attenuates hyperlipidemic vascular dementia in rats via regulating PPAR-γ-mediated microglial polarization. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8101. [PMID: 35950104 PMCID: PMC9338452 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GJ-4 is extracted from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardenia) with crocin composition and has been demonstrated to improve memory deficits in several dementia models in our previous studies. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GJ-4 on hyperlipidemic vascular dementia (VD) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Design In the current study, we employed a chronic hyperlipidemic VD rat model by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2-VO) based on high-fat diet (HFD), which is an ideal model to mimic the clinical pathogenesis of human VD. Results Our results showed that GJ-4 could significantly reduce serum lipids level and improve cerebral blood flow in hyperlipidemic VD rats. Additionally, treatment with GJ-4 remarkedly ameliorated memory impairment and alleviated neuronal injury. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the neuroprotective effects of GJ-4 might be attributed to the inhibition of microglia-mediated neuro-inflammation via regulating the M1/M2 polarization. Our data further illustrated that GJ-4 could regulate the phenotype of microglia through activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and subsequently inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and increased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) expression. Conclusion Our results implied that GJ-4 might be a promising drug to improve VD through the regulation of microglial M1/M2 polarization and the subsequent inhibition of neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiuqi Bao and Dan Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050 China ;
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiuqi Bao and Dan Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050 China ;
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Ye X, Pi X, Zheng W, Cen Y, Ni J, Xu L, Wu K, Liu W, Li L. The Methanol Extract of Polygonatum odoratum Ameliorates Colitis by Improving Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Gas Production to Regulate Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899421. [PMID: 35634366 PMCID: PMC9133717 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential impacts of methanol extract from Polygonatum odoratum on (YZM) colonic histopathology, gut gas production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal microbiota composition were evaluated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice in this study. These results indicated that YZM increased colon length and ameliorated colonic histopathology in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, YZM administration reversed intestinal microbiota compositions leading to the inhibition of H2S-related bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrionaceae) and the lower level of H2S and higher contents of SCFA-related bacteria (e.g., Muribaculaceae). Taken together, the effects of methanol extract from Polygonatum odoratum are studied to provide new enlightenment and clues for its application as a functional food and clinical drug. Our study first revealed the relationship between intestinal gas production and key bacteria in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Cen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu,
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Lanjuan Li,
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12
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Speciale A, Muscarà C, Molonia MS, Toscano G, Cimino F, Saija A. In Vitro Protective Effects of a Standardized Extract From Cynara Cardunculus L. Leaves Against TNF-α-Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:809938. [PMID: 35222027 PMCID: PMC8874283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.809938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of progressive disorders characterized by recurrent chronic inflammation of the gut. New unconventional therapies based on plant derived compounds capable of preventing and/or reducing acute or chronic inflammation could represent a valid alternative for the treatment or prevention of IBDs. Cynara cardunculus L. leaves, considered a food-waste suitable as a rich source of bioactive polyphenols including luteolin and chlorogenic acid, has been reported for its positive effects in digestive tract. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of a standardized polyphenol-rich extract obtained from the leaves of Cynara cardunculus L (CCLE) against acute intestinal inflammation induced by TNF-α on intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. CCLE prevented TNF-α-induced NF-κB inflammatory pathway and the overexpression of IL-8 and COX-2. In addition, CCLE was able to improve basal intracellular antioxidant power in both TNF-α-unexposed or -exposed Caco-2 cells and this effect was associated to the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a master regulator of redox homeostasis affecting antioxidant and phase II detoxifying genes, stimulating an adaptive cellular response. In conclusion, our data clearly evidenced that, although considered a waste, Cynara cardunculus leaves may be used to obtain extracts rich in bioactive polyphenols potentially useful for prevention and treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases.
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13
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Bai X, Lian Y, Hu C, Yang S, Pei B, Yao M, Zhu X, Shang L, Li Z. Cyanidin-3-glucoside protects against high glucose-induced injury in human nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1137-1145. [PMID: 34964128 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the role and action mechanism of C3G in high glucose (HG)-induced damage of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. TUNEL assay was performed for detecting apoptotic rate. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of cl-caspase-3, caspase-3, Bax, Bim, collagen II, aggrecan, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. ROS generation was analyzed using DCFH-DA staining. The Nrf2 was knocked down or overexpressed in HNPCs through transfection with si-Nrf2 or pcDNA3.0-Nrf2. C3G treatment (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) improved cell viability of HNPCs under HG condition. HG-induced cell apoptosis of HNPCs was attenuated by C3G with decreased apoptotic rate and relative levels of cl-caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax, and Bim. C3G treatment caused significant increase in expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan and decrease in the relative levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. After treatment with C3G, ROS generation in HNPCs was markedly reduced. Treatment with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed HG-induced cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. C3G treatment induced the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in HG-induced HNPCs. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the inhibitory effect of C3G on ROS production. Summarily, C3G exerted a protective effect on ROS-mediated cellular damage in HNPCs under HG condition, which was attributed to the induction of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Bai
- Department of Spine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.,The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Lian
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Changqing Hu
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Pei
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mingyan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
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14
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Chen H, Cui J, Wang J, Wang Y, Tong F, Tian Y, Gong Y, Ma Y, Liu L, Zhang X. 5‑Aminosalicylic acid attenuates paraquat‑induced lung fibroblast activation and pulmonary fibrosis of rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:58. [PMID: 34913070 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most important pathological processes associated with paraquat (PQ) poisoning. 5‑Aminosalicylic acid (5‑ASA) has been shown to be a promising agent against fibrotic diseases. In the present study, the alleviating role of 5‑ASA was evaluated in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ intragastric poisoning (80 mg/kg). Wistar rats were divided into control, PQ, 5‑ASA (30 mg/kg daily, 14 days) and PQ + 5‑ASA groups. Histological examination revealed congestion, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the bronchial and alveolar walls at 3 days after PQ exposure. Alveolar septum thickening with alveolar lumen narrowing was observed at 14 days, while fibroblast proliferation, increase in collagen fiber number and fibrous thickening of the alveolar walls were observed at 28 day. All the aforementioned pulmonary injury changes in the PQ group were attenuated in the PQ + 5‑ASA group. Hydroxyproline (HYP) content increased in the lung tissues of the rats at 14 days after PQ treatment and reached a peak at 28 days. Compared with the PQ group, HYP contents of lung tissue decreased at 14 and 28 days after PQ + 5‑ASA treatment. Masson's trichrome staining revealed that the increase in the amount of collagen fibers in the lung tissues of rats in the PQ group was inhibited by 5‑ASA treatment, further confirming the alleviating effect of 5‑ASA on fibrosis. In addition, the results showed that 5‑ASA attenuated the upregulation of transforming growth factor‑β1 and phosphorylated‑SMAD3, and the reduction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ induced by PQ in lung tissue of rats and human lung fibroblast WI‑38 VA13 cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that 5‑ASA had an alleviating effect on PQ‑induced pulmonary fibrosis, partly by suppressing the activation of the TGF‑β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Tian
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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15
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Cheng Z, Si X, Tan H, Zang Z, Tian J, Shu C, Sun X, Li Z, Jiang Q, Meng X, Chen Y, Li B, Wang Y. Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside and its phenolic metabolites ameliorate intestinal diseases via modulating intestinal mucosal immune system: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1629-1647. [PMID: 34420433 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1966381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of the intestinal disease is globally increasing, and the intestinal mucosa immune system is an important defense line. A potential environmental cause to regulate gut health is diet. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside is a natural plant bioactive substance that has shown rising evidence of improving intestinal disease and keeping gut homeostasis. This review summarized the intestinal protective effect of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in vivo and in vitro and discussed the potential mechanisms by regulating the intestinal mucosal immune system. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and phenolic metabolites inhibited the presence and progression of intestinal diseases and explained from the aspects of repairing the intestinal wall, inhibiting inflammatory reaction, and regulating the gut microbiota. Although the animal and clinical studies are inadequate, based on the accumulated evidence, we propose that the interaction of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with the intestinal mucosal immune system is at the core of most mechanisms by which affect host gut diseases. This review puts forward the potential mechanism of action and targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhihuan Zang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chi Shu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
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16
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Kazemi M, Lalooha F, Nooshabadi MR, Dashti F, Kavianpour M, Haghighian HK. Randomized double blind clinical trial evaluating the Ellagic acid effects on insulin resistance, oxidative stress and sex hormones levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:100. [PMID: 34330312 PMCID: PMC8325180 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The design of this study was due to the report of the antioxidant properties of Ellagic acid (EA) for its evaluation on the Insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress and sex hormones levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were recruited. Patients were randomly allocated consumed a capsule containing 200 mg of EA per day (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 8 weeks. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, IR, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), sex hormones and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Result At the end of the study, the mean of FBS, insulin, IR, TC, TG, LDL, MDA, CRP, TNF-α, total testosterone, prolactin and AMH were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in the mean of TAC after supplementation with EA (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, no significant changes were observed in the mean of anthropometric factors, physical activity and food intake (P > 0.05). Conclusion EA supplementation can be helpful as a diet supplement in women with PCOS through improvement in insulin resistance. This supplement may be used to reduce metabolic disorders in women. Trial registration This study was retrospectively (07–07-2019) registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials (IRCT20141025019669N12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Kazemi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Lalooha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Dashti
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maria Kavianpour
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Qazvin, University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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17
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Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A. Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:411-425. [PMID: 33514947 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by immunologists. However, research over the past two decades in particular has demonstrated that HO-1 also exhibits numerous anti-inflammatory properties. These emerging immunomodulatory functions have made HO-1 an appealing target for treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of chronic inflammation. In this Review, we present an introduction to HO-1 for immunologists, including an overview of its roles in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, and the factors which regulate its expression. We discuss the impact of HO-1 induction in specific immune cell populations and provide new insights into the immunomodulation that accompanies haem catabolism, including its relationship to immunometabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the issues faced when trying to translate such therapies to the clinic. Finally, we examine a number of alternative, safer strategies that are under investigation to harness the therapeutic potential of HO-1, including the use of phytochemicals, novel HO-1 inducers and carbon monoxide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Vissenaekens H, Criel H, Grootaert C, Raes K, Smagghe G, Van Camp J. Flavonoids and cellular stress: a complex interplay affecting human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8535-8566. [PMID: 34098806 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid consumption has beneficial effects on human health, however, clinical evidence remains often inconclusive due to high interindividual variability. Although this high interindividual variability has been consistently observed in flavonoid research, the potential underlying reasons are still poorly studied. Especially the knowledge on the impact of health status on flavonoid responsiveness is limited and merits more investigation. Here, we aim to highlight the bidirectional interplay between flavonoids and cellular stress. First, the state-of-the-art concerning inflammatory stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed and a comprehensive overview of recent in vitro studies investigating the impact of flavonoids on cellular stress, induced by tumor necrosis factor α, lipopolysaccharide and mitochondrial stressors, is given. Second, we critically discuss the influence of cellular stress on flavonoid uptake, accumulation, metabolism and cell responses, which has, to our knowledge, never been extensively reviewed before. Next, we advocate the innovative insight that stratification of the general population based on health status can reveal subpopulations that benefit more from flavonoid consumption. Finally, suggestions are given for the development of future cell models that simulate the physiological micro-environment, including interindividual variability, since more mechanistic research is needed to establish scientific-based personalized food recommendations for specific subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Criel
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Lin Y, Wu Y, Su J, Wang M, Wu X, Su Z, Yi X, Wei L, Cai J, Sun Z. Therapeutic role of d-pinitol on experimental colitis via activating Nrf2/ARE and PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:2554-2568. [PMID: 33625409 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a recrudescent intestinal inflammation coupled with diarrhea, weight loss, pus, and blood stool, which seriously impacts the quality of patient life. d-Pinitol, which can be a food supplement isolated from the food plant-like soybeans, Ceratonia siliqua Linn and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, has been proved to show anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the potential mechanism of d-pinitol still remains ill-defined contemporarily. In the current study, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of d-pinitol against colitis were investigated. Oxidative stress and inflammation of experimental colitis were caused by 3% DSS treatment once daily for 7 days. During DSS treatment, the mice of the positive drug group and three other groups were orally administered SASP or d-pinitol once daily. Clinical symptoms were analyzed, and macroscopic scores were calculated. The levels of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines were measured using assay kits and RT-PCR. Additionally, the protein expression of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and PPAR-γ was measured by Western blot. Results showed that d-pinitol enormously alleviated DSS-induced bodyweight loss, colon shortening, and histological injuries, achieving a therapeutic efficacy superior to SASP. Moreover, the oxidative stress and colonic inflammatory response were mitigated. d-pinitol not only significantly activated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway via facilitating the translocation of Nrf2 from sitoplazma to cytoblast, upregulating the protein expression levels of GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, and NQO1, but also improved the PPAR-γ level by binding to the active site of PPAR-γ, when suppressing NF-κB p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. In conclusion, d-pinitol exhibited a dramatic anti-colitis efficacy by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and PPAR-γ. Hence, d-pinitol may be a promising therapeutic drug against UC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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20
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
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Nitric Oxide Mediates Inflammation in Type II Diabetes Mellitus through the PPAR γ/eNOS Signaling Pathway. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8889612. [PMID: 33293942 PMCID: PMC7718064 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8889612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation accounts for the process of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the specific mechanism of which is still to be elucidated yet. Nitric oxide (NO), a critical inflammation regulator, the role of which is the inflammation of T2DM, is rarely reported. Therefore, our study is aimed at exploring the effect of NO on the inflammation in T2DM and the corresponding mechanism. We analyzed the NO levels in plasma samples from T2DM patients and paired healthy adults by Nitric Oxide Analyzer then measured the expression of inflammatory cytokines (C-reactive protein, heptoglobin, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) in insulin-induced HepG2 cells treated with NO donor or NO scavenger, and the PPARγ, eNOS, C-reactive protein, heptoglobin, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were detected by RT-PCR and western blot in insulin-induced HepG2 cells transfected with si-PPARγ. The results showed that excess NO increased the inflammation marker levels in T2DM, which is activated by the PPARγ/eNOS pathway. These findings will strengthen the understanding of NO in T2DM and provide a new target for the treatment of T2DM.
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An Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Obtained from Portuguese Blueberries Maintains Its Efficacy in Reducing Microglia-Driven Neuroinflammation after Simulated Digestion. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123670. [PMID: 33260540 PMCID: PMC7761390 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are multi-target compounds that have been considered promising candidates in strategies for the mitigation of neurological diseases, acting particularly through reduction of microglia-driven neuroinflammation. In this study, an anthocyanin-rich extract obtained from Portuguese blueberries was subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion; after chemical characterisation, the potential of both non-digested and digested extracts to combat neuroinflammation was evaluated using a microglia N9 cell line. Although the extracts have markedly different chemical composition, both were efficient in reducing the production of either key inflammatory markers or reactive oxygen species and in enhancing reduced glutathione levels in activated cells. Furthermore, this protection was shown to be related to the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation, and to a signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-independent mechanism. These results demonstrate that the anthocyanin extract, after simulated digestion, maintains its efficacy against neuroinflammation, and can, therefore, assume a relevant role in prevention of neuroinflammation-related neurological disorders.
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Ghadimi M, Foroughi F, Hashemipour S, Rashidi Nooshabadi M, Ahmadi MH, Ahadi Nezhad B, Khadem Haghighian H. Randomized double-blind clinical trial examining the Ellagic acid effects on glycemic status, insulin resistance, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1023-1032. [PMID: 32909365 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can worsen glycemic status. Considering the antioxidant properties of Ellagic acid (EA), this study was designed to evaluate the effect of EA on glycemic indices, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation status in type 2 diabetic patients. Overall, 44 patients were recruited and were randomly allocated consumed 180 mg of EA per day (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) for 8 weeks. The blood sugar (BS), insulin, insulin resistance (IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1 c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. At the end of the study, the mean of BS, insulin, IR, HbA1 c, TC, TG, LDL, MDA, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < .05). Also, the mean of TAC (+0.8 ± 0.01) and activity of GPx (+10.26 ± 0.22) and SOD enzymes (+459.6 ± 9.76) significantly increased in the intervention group (p < .05). EA supplementation can be helpful as a diet supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes through improvement in chronic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ghadimi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farshad Foroughi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sima Hashemipour
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Bahman Ahadi Nezhad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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24
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Singh A, Yau YF, Leung KS, El-Nezami H, Lee JCY. Interaction of Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Brain-Liver-Gut Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080669. [PMID: 32722619 PMCID: PMC7465954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset as well as the progression of inflammation. Without proper intervention, acute inflammation could progress to chronic inflammation, resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. Antioxidants, such as polyphenols, have been known to possess anti-oxidative properties which promote redox homeostasis. This has encouraged research on polyphenols as potential therapeutics for inflammation through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways. In this review, the ability of polyphenols to modulate the activation of major pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress, and their potential to regulate the activity of immune cells are examined. In addition, in this review, special emphasis has been placed on the effects of polyphenols on inflammation in the brain–liver–gut axis. The data derived from in vitro cell studies, animal models and human intervention studies are discussed.
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25
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Funes SC, Rios M, Fernández-Fierro A, Covián C, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Mackern-Oberti JP, Kalergis AM. Naturally Derived Heme-Oxygenase 1 Inducers and Their Therapeutic Application to Immune-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1467. [PMID: 32849503 PMCID: PMC7396584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the primary antioxidant enzyme involved in heme group degradation. A variety of stimuli triggers the expression of the inducible HO-1 isoform, which is modulated by its substrate and cellular stressors. A major anti-inflammatory role has been assigned to the HO-1 activity. Therefore, in recent years HO-1 induction has been employed as an approach to treating several disorders displaying some immune alterations components, such as exacerbated inflammation or self-reactivity. Many natural compounds have shown to be effective inductors of HO-1 without cytotoxic effects; among them, most are chemicals present in plants used as food, flavoring, and medicine. Here we discuss some naturally derived compounds involved in HO-1 induction, their impact in the immune response modulation, and the beneficial effect in diverse autoimmune disorders. We conclude that the use of some compounds from natural sources able to induce HO-1 is an attractive lifestyle toward promoting human health. This review opens a new outlook on the investigation of naturally derived HO-1 inducers, mainly concerning autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C Funes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Rios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Covián
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millenium Institute on Immunolgy and Immunotherapy, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, IMBECU CCT Mendoza- CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Speciale A, Saija A, Bashllari R, Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Occhiuto C, Cimino F, Cristani M. Anthocyanins As Modulators of Cell Redox-Dependent Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1955-1996. [PMID: 30417771 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181112093336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), mostly represented by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, cancers, and several chronic pathologies, are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and are mainly related to the occurrence of metabolic risk factors. Anthocyanins (ACNs) possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and chemopreventive properties, which are able to promote human health. Although ACNs present an apparent low bioavailability, their metabolites may play an important role in the in vivo protective effects observed. This article directly addresses the scientific evidences supporting that ACNs could be useful to protect human population against several NCDs not only acting as antioxidant but through their capability to modulate cell redox-dependent signaling. In particular, ACNs interact with the NF-κB and AP-1 signal transduction pathways, which respond to oxidative signals and mediate a proinflammatory effect, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway and its regulated cytoprotective proteins (GST, NQO, HO-1, etc.), involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and elimination/inactivation of toxic compounds, so countering the alterations caused by conditions of chemical/oxidative stress. In addition, supposed crosstalks could contribute to explain the protective effects of ACNs in different pathological conditions characterized by an altered balance among these pathways. Thus, this review underlines the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of ACNs against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Romina Bashllari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,"Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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27
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Huang DD, Shi G, Jiang Y, Yao C, Zhu C. A review on the potential of Resveratrol in prevention and therapy of diabetes and diabetic complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109767. [PMID: 32058210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major world health problem and one of the most studied diseases, which are highly prevalent in the whole world, it is frequently associated with severe clinical complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy etc. Scientific research is continuously casting about for new monomer molecules from Chinese herbal medicine that could be invoked as candidate drugs for fighting against diabetes and its complications. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol phytoalexin, possesses diverse biochemical and physiological actions, including antiplatelet, estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is recently gaining scientific interest for RES in controlling blood sugar and fighting against diabetes and its complications properties in various types of diabetic models. These beneficial effects seem to be due to the multiple actions of RES on cellular functions, which make RES become a promising molecule for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. Here, we review the mechanism of action and potential therapeutic use of RES in prevention and mitigation of these diseases in recent ten years to provide a reference for further research and development of RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Guangjiang Shi
- School of pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- School of Pharmacology, Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Chao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chuanlin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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28
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Abbasi Parizad P, Marengo M, Bonomi F, Scarafoni A, Cecchini C, Pagani MA, Marti A, Iametti S. Bio-Functional and Structural Properties of Pasta Enriched with a Debranning Fraction from Purple Wheat. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020163. [PMID: 32046313 PMCID: PMC7073741 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A colored and fiber-rich fraction from the debranning of purple wheat was incorporated at 25% into semolina- and flour-based pasta produced on a pilot-plant scale, with the aim of increasing anthocyanin and total phenolic content with respect to pasta obtained from whole pigmented grains. The debranning fraction impaired the formation of disulfide-stabilized protein networks in semolina-based systems. Recovery of phenolics was impaired by the pasta making process, and cooking decreased the phenolic content in both enriched samples. Cooking-related losses in anthocyanins and total phenolics were similar, but anthocyanins in the cooked semolina-based pasta were around 20% of what was expected from the formulation. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) profiling of phenolics was carried out on extracts from either type of enriched pasta both before and after cooking and indicate possible preferential retention of specific compounds in each type of enriched pasta. Extracts from cooked samples of either enriched pasta were tested as inhibitors of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and uptake, as well as for their capacity of suppressing the response to inflammatory stimuli. Results of both biological tests indicate that the phenolics in extracts from both cooked pasta samples had inhibitory capacities higher than extracts of the original debranning fraction at identical concentrations of total bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Abbasi Parizad
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.A.P.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.A.P.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.A.P.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.A.P.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Cristina Cecchini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma, Italy;
| | - Maria Ambrogina Pagani
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.A.P.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.A.P.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (M.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (S.I.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-6656 (A.M.); +39-02-5031-6819 (S.I.)
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.A.P.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (M.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (S.I.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-6656 (A.M.); +39-02-5031-6819 (S.I.)
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29
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Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Venkataraman B, Ojha S, Belur PD, Bhongade B, Raj V, Collin PD, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Phytochemical drug candidates for the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in inflammatory bowel diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1530-1549. [PMID: 32009281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based compounds or phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and polyphenols have been used extensively in traditional medicine for centuries and more recently in Western alternative medicine. Extensive evidence suggests that consumption of dietary polyphenolic compounds lowers the risk of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of several phytochemicals are mediated through ligand-inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly the PPARγ transcription factor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is represented by ulcerative colitis, which occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and Crohn's disease (CD) that can involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. Because of the lack of cost-effective pharmaceutical treatment options, many IBD patients seek and use alternative and unconventional therapies to alleviate their symptoms. PPARγ plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells. The phytochemicals reported here are ligands that activate PPARγ, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. PPARγ is highly expressed in the gut making it a potential therapeutic target for IBDs. This review summarizes the effects of the currently published phytochemicals that modulate the PPARγ pathway and reduce or eliminate colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Bhoomendra Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Maurer LH, Cazarin CBB, Quatrin A, Minuzzi NM, Nichelle SM, Lamas CDA, Cagnon VHA, Morari J, Velloso LA, Maróstica Júnior MR, Emanuelli T. Grape peel powder attenuates the inflammatory and oxidative response of experimental colitis in rats by modulating the NF-κB pathway and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Nutr Res 2020; 76:52-70. [PMID: 32155506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most phenolic compounds and dietary fiber reach intact to the colon. We hypothesized that grape peel powder (GPP), a rich source of these bioactive compounds, modulates inflammatory and oxidative pathways collaborating to attenuate colonic damage in experimental colitis. To determine which bioactive fraction would be responsible for this effect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with whole GPP or the isolated bioactive-rich fractions from GPP (extractable polyphenols [EP], dietary fiber and fiber-bound polyphenols [NEP-F], and dietary fiber) in rats with experimental colitis. Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) after 15 days of dietary supplementation. EP diet did not reverse the decrease in feed intake and indeed worsened colon shortening and increased spleen weight; however, these effects were not observed for the GPP group, which had polyphenols associated to the matrix besides the extractable ones. Colitis impaired the activity of colonic antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and proinflammatory cytokines in serum and in the colon tissue. GPP restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased colon oxidation and NO levels. All grape peel fractions reduced the protein expression of the inhibitor of kappa kinase beta and NO levels in colon tissue, but only NEP-F reduced the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B and myeloperoxidase activity. Results demonstrated that GPP attenuates inflammatory and oxidative response in TNBS-induced colitis by downregulating the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and upregulating antioxidant enzymes, with NEP-F being the fraction most likely associated to these protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana H Maurer
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Farroupilha, Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia B B Cazarin
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andréia Quatrin
- Graduate Program on Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natália M Minuzzi
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina M Nichelle
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Celina de A Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Valéria H A Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joseane Morari
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lício A Velloso
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mário R Maróstica Júnior
- School of Food Engineering, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Graduate Program on Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Cao F, Liu J, Sha BX, Pan HF. Natural Products: Experimental Efficient Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4893-4913. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191216154224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, elusive disorder resulting in relapsing inflammation of
intestine with incompletely elucidated etiology, whose two representative forms are ulcerative colitis (UC) and
Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulating researches have revealed that the individual genetic susceptibility, environmental
risk elements, intestinal microbial flora, as well as innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in
the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Despite remarkable progression of IBD therapy has been achieved by
chemical drugs and biological therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-tumor necrosis
factor (TNF)-α, anti-integrin agents, etc., healing outcome still cannot be obtained, along with inevitable side
effects. Consequently, a variety of researches have focused on exploring new therapies, and found that natural
products (NPs) isolated from herbs or plants may serve as promising therapeutic agents for IBD through antiinflammatory,
anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects, which implicates the modulation on nucleotide-
binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, gut microbiota, intestinal microvascular
endothelial cells, intestinal epithelia, immune system, etc. In the present review, we will summarize the research
development of IBD pathogenesis and current mainstream therapy, as well as the therapeutic potential and
intrinsic mechanisms of NPs in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Xian Sha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University, 50 Chifeng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Pereira SR, Almeida LM, Dinis TC. Improving the anti-inflammatory activity of 5-aminosalicylic acid by combination with cyanidin-3-glucoside: An in vitro study. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Catechin and Procyanidin B 2 Modulate the Expression of Tight Junction Proteins but Do Not Protect from Inflammation-Induced Changes in Permeability in Human Intestinal Cell Monolayers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102271. [PMID: 31546671 PMCID: PMC6836206 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of counteracting inflammation-related barrier defects with dietary compounds such as (poly)phenols has raised much interest, but information is still scarce. We have investigated here if (+)-catechin (CAT) and procyanidin B2 (PB2), two main dietary polyphenols, protect the barrier function of intestinal cells undergoing inflammatory stress. The cell model adopted consisted of co-cultured Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells, while inflammatory conditions were mimicked through the incubation of epithelial cells with the conditioned medium of activated macrophages (MCM). The epithelial barrier function was monitored through trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and ROS production was assessed with dichlorofluorescein, while the expression of tight-junctional proteins and signal transduction pathways were evaluated with Western blot. The results indicated that MCM produced significant oxidative stress, the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, a decrease in occludin and ZO-1 expression, and an increase in claudin-7 (CL-7) expression, while TEER was markedly lowered. Neither CAT nor PB2 prevented oxidative stress, transduction pathways activation, ZO-1 suppression, or TEER decrease. However, PB2 prevented the decrease in occludin expression and both polyphenols produced a huge increase in CL-7 abundance. It is concluded that, under the conditions adopted, CAT and PB2 do not prevent inflammation-dependent impairment of the epithelial barrier function of intestinal cell monolayers. However, the two compounds modify the expression of tight-junctional proteins and, in particular, markedly increase the expression of CL-7. These insights add to a better understanding of the potential biological activity of these major dietary flavan-3-ols at intestinal level.
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Serra D, Almeida LM, Dinis TCP. Polyphenols in the management of brain disorders: Modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:1-27. [PMID: 32035595 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with a view to preventing and treating brain disorders became recently a hot topic for the scientific community. Dietary polyphenols are multifaceted compounds that have demonstrated to be highly advantageous to counteract inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, among other pathological conditions, being useful in the prevention and treatment of several chronic disorders. The potential of these compounds to prevent and treat brain disorders has not been only related to their capacity to reach the brain, depending on their chemical structure, and interact directly with brain cells, but also to their ability to modulate the communication between the brain and the gut, interfering with multiple branches of this axis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential of these food bioactive compounds in brain diseases, namely, neurodevelopmental, such as Down's syndrome and Autism spectrum disorder, neurodegenerative, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Until now, dietary polyphenols have been recognized as promising nutraceuticals to combat brain disorders. However, the impact of these compounds on the gut-brain interconnection remains poorly elucidated. Also, clinical assays are crucial to further support the beneficial effects of these compounds as demonstrated in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Serra
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor M Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C P Dinis
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Resveratrol enhances the protective effects of JBP485 against indomethacin-induced rat intestinal damage in vivo and vitro through up-regulating oligopeptide transporter 1 (Pept1). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:251-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Jiang X, Li X, Zhu C, Sun J, Tian L, Chen W, Bai W. The target cells of anthocyanins in metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:921-946. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1491022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuijuan Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Farzaei MH, El-Senduny FF, Momtaz S, Parvizi F, Iranpanah A, Tewari D, Naseri R, Abdolghaffari AH, Rezaei N. An update on dietary consideration in inflammatory bowel disease: anthocyanins and more. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:1007-1024. [PMID: 30136591 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1513322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder. A wealth of data pointed out that various aspects of chronic inflammation may be affected by several specific dietary factors. This paper calls attention to anthocyanins enriched plant food and anthocyanin dietary supplements, whose role in the management of IBD and its associated oncogenesis deems crucial. Area covered: We updated the most relevant dietary anthocyanins with potential anti-colitis and preventive effect on inflammatory associated colorectal cancer based on the recent animal and human researches along with revealing the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Mounting evidence reported that anthocyanins enriched plant foods perform their protective role on IBD and inflammatory-induced colorectal cancer via different cellular transduction signaling pathways, including inflammatory transcription factors, SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK cascade, JAK/STAT signaling, NF-kB/pERK/MAPK, Wnt signaling pathway, Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway as well as AMPK pathway and autophagy. Expert commentary: Combination of anthocyanins enriched dietary supplements with existing medications can provide new therapeutic options for IBD patients. Further, well-designed randomized control trials (RCTs) are essential to evaluate the role of anthocyanins enriched medicinal foods as well as isolated anthocyanin components as promising preventive and therapeutic dietary agents for IBD and its associated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- b Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- c Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Parvizi
- e Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- f Students research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,g PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Devesh Tewari
- h Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus , Kumaun University , Nainital , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Rozita Naseri
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- c Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.,j Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- k Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,l Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,m Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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Ikeda E, Ikeda Y, Wang Y, Fine N, Sheikh Z, Viniegra A, Barzilay O, Ganss B, Tenenbaum HC, Glogauer M. Resveratrol derivative-rich melinjo seed extract induces healing in a murine model of established periodontitis. J Periodontol 2018; 89:586-595. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ikeda
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (Mt. Sinai Hospital); Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ana Viniegra
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Oriyah Barzilay
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Howard C. Tenenbaum
- Department of Dentistry; Mount Sinai Hospital; Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care Toronto; ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; Faculty of Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Rauf A, Imran M, Suleria HAR, Ahmad B, Peters DG, Mubarak MS. A comprehensive review of the health perspectives of resveratrol. Food Funct 2018; 8:4284-4305. [PMID: 29044265 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products present in our diet, including flavonoids, can prevent the progression of cancer and other diseases. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in various fruits and vegetables, plays an important role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent used in the treatment of various illnesses. It exhibits effects against different types of cancer through different pathways. It additionally exerts antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects in a variety of cell types. Furthermore, the cardiovascular protective capacities of resveratrol are associated with multiple molecular targets and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure. Accordingly, this article presents an overview of recent developments in the use of resveratrol for the prevention and treatment of different diseases along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present review summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent against multiple diseases and provides an assessment of the potential of this natural compound as a complementary or alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Cyanidin-3-glucoside Alleviates 4-Hydroxyhexenal-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via JNK-c-Jun/AP-1 Pathway in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5604610. [PMID: 29854843 PMCID: PMC5952446 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5604610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the eyes has been known to be associated with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an important anthocyanin with great potential for preventing eye diseases, against 4-hydroxyhexenal- (HHE-) induced inflammatory damages in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, ARPE-19. We noticed that C3G pretreatment to the ARPE-19 cells rescued HHE-induced antiproliferative effects. Cell apoptosis ratio induced by HHE was also decreased by C3G, measured by flow cytometry. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by HHE was found with increases of caspase-1 activity, proinflammatory cytokine releases (IL-1β and IL-18), and NLRP3 inflammasome-related gene expressions (NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1). The C3G showed potent inhibitive effects on these NLRP3 inflammasome activation hallmarks induced by HHE. Moreover, we noticed that the C3G's pretreatment leads to a delayed and a decreased JNK activation in HHE-challenged ARPE-19 cells. Finally, using a luciferase reporter gene assay system, we demonstrated that HHE-induced activation protein- (AP-) 1 transcription activity was abolished by C3G pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these data showed that HHE leads to inflammatory damages to ARPE-19 cells while C3G has great protective effects, highlighting future potential applications of C3G against AMD-associated inflammation.
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Wang K, Li YF, Lv Q, Li XM, Dai Y, Wei ZF. Bergenin, Acting as an Agonist of PPARγ, Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice through Improving Expression of SIRT1, and Therefore Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Macrophage Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:981. [PMID: 29375382 PMCID: PMC5770370 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bergenin, isolated from the herb of Saxifraga stolonifera Curt. (Hu-Er-Cao), has anti-inflammatory, antitussive and wound healing activities. The aim of the present study was to identify the effect of bergenin on experimental colitis, and explored the related mechanisms. Our results showed that oral administration of bergenin remarkably alleviated disease symptoms of mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, evidenced by reduced DAI scores, shortening of colon length, MPO activity and pathologic abnormalities in colons. Bergenin obviously inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in colon tissues, but not that of mucosal barrier-associated proteins occludin, E-cadherin and MUC-2. In vitro, bergenin significantly inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB-p65 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells, which was almost reversed by addition of PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and siPPARγ. Subsequently, bergenin was identified as a PPARγ agonist. It could enter into macrophages, bind with PPARγ, promote nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of PPARγ, and increase mRNA expressions of CD36, LPL and ap2. In addition, bergenin significantly up-regulated expression of SIRT1, inhibited acetylation of NF-κB-p65 and increased association NF-κB-p65 and IκBα. Finally, the correlation between activation of PPARγ and attenuation of colitis, inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α expressions, NF-κB-p65 acetylation and nuclear translocation, and up-regulation of SIRT1 expression by bergenin was validated in mice with DSS-induced colitis and/or LPS-stimulated macrophages. In summary, bergenin could ameliorate colitis in mice through inhibiting the activation of macrophages via regulating PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κB-p65 pathway. The findings can provide evidence for the further development of bergenin as an anti-UC drug, and offer a paradigm for the recognization of anti-UC mechanisms of compound with similar structure occurring in traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Fan Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
AbstractDespite the fact that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has still no recognised therapy, treatments which have proven at least mildly successful in improving IBD symptoms include anti-inflammatory drugs and monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resveratrol, a natural (poly)phenol found in grapes, red wine, grape juice and several species of berries, has been shown to prevent and ameliorate intestinal inflammation. Here, we discuss the role of resveratrol in the improvement of inflammatory disorders involving the intestinal mucosa. The present review covers three specific aspects of resveratrol in the framework of inflammation: (i) its content in food; (ii) its intestinal absorption and metabolism; and (iii) its anti-inflammatory effects in the intestinal mucosa in vitro and in the very few in vivo studies present to date. Actually, if several studies have shown that resveratrol may down-regulate mediators of intestinal immunity in rodent models, only two groups have performed intervention studies in human subjects using resveratrol as an agent to improve IBD conditions. The effects of resveratrol should be further investigated by conducting well-designed clinical trials, also taking into account different formulations for the delivery of the bioactive compound.
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Flori E, Rosati E, Cardinali G, Kovacs D, Bellei B, Picardo M, Maresca V. The α-melanocyte stimulating hormone/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ pathway down-regulates proliferation in melanoma cell lines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:142. [PMID: 29020973 PMCID: PMC5637056 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (αMSH)/Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) interaction promotes melanogenesis through the cAMP/PKA pathway. The direct induction of this pathway by Forskolin (FSK) is also known to enhance melanocyte proliferation. αMSH acts as a mitogenic agent in melanocytes and its effect on proliferation of melanoma cells is less known. We previously identified the αMSH/Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPARγ) pathway as a new pathway on the B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell line. αMSH induced the translocation of PPARγ into the nucleus as an active transcription factor. This effect was independent of the cAMP/PKA pathway and was mediated by the activation of the PI(4,5)P2/PLC pathway, a pathway which we have described to be triggered by the αMSH-dependent MC1R stimulation. Moreover, in the same study, preliminary experiments showed that mouse melanoma cells responded to αMSH by reducing proliferation and that PPARγ was involved in this effect. Due to its key role in the control of cell proliferation, PPARγ agonists are used in therapeutic models for different forms of cancer, including melanoma. The purpose of this study was: (a) to confirm the different proliferative behavior in response to αMSH in healthy and in melanoma condition; (b) to verify whether the cAMP/PKA pathway and the PLC/PPARγ pathway could exert an antagonistic function in the control of proliferation; (c) to deepen the knowledge of the molecular basis responsible for the down-proliferative response of melanoma cells after exposure to αMSH. Methods We employed B16-F10 cell line, a human melanoma cell line (Mel 13) and two primary cultures of human melanocytes (NHM 1 and NHM 2, respectively), all expressing a wild type MC1R and responding to the αMSH in terms of pigmentation. We evaluated cell proliferation through: a) cell counting, b) cell cycle analysis c) protein expression of proliferation modulators (p27, p21, cyclin D1 and cyclin E). Results The αMSH acted as a mitogenic agent in primary cultures of human melanocytes, whereas it determined a slow down of proliferation in melanoma cell lines. FSK, as an inducer of the cAMP/PKA pathway, reproduced the αMSH mediated effect on proliferation in NHMs but it did not mimic the αMSH effect on proliferation in B16-F10 and Mel 13 melanoma cell lines. Meanwhile, 3 M3-FBS (3 M3), as an inducer of PI(4,5)P2/PLC pathway, reproduced the αMSH proliferative effect. Further experiments, treating melanoma cell lines with αMSH in the presence/absence of GW9662, as an inhibitor of PPARγ, confirmed the key role of this transcription factor in decreasing cell proliferation in response to the hormone exposure. Conclusions In both melanoma cell lines, αMSH determined the reduction of proliferation through the PI(4,5)P2/PLC pathway, employing PPARγ as an effector element. These evidence could offer perspectives for new therapeutic approaches for melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0611-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rosati
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma on Brain and Peripheral Inflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:121-132. [PMID: 28975471 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity. It is expressed in diverse cell types, including vessels, immune and glial cells, and neurons. PPARγ plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, lipid metabolism, or glucose homeostasis. PPARγ ligands also exert effects on attenuating degenerative processes in the brain, as well as in peripheral systems, and it has been associated with the control of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, oxidative stress, neuronal death, neurogenesis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. This review will highlight key advances in the understanding of the PPARγ-related mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection after brain injuries, both ischemia and traumatic brain injury, and it will also cover the natural and synthetic agonist for PPARγ, angiotensin receptor blockers, and PPARγ antagonists, used in experimental and clinical research. A better understanding of the pleiotropic mechanisms and applications of these drugs to improve the recovery and to repair the acute and chronic induced neuroinflammation after brain injuries will pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies after brain deficits.
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Shi Y, Zhou J, Jiang B, Miao M. Resveratrol and inflammatory bowel disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1403:38-47. [PMID: 28945937 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Progression of IBD leads to long-term impairment of intestinal structure and function. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex, involving environmental, immunological, genetic, microbial, and psychological factors. The conventional therapies and many existing biopharmaceuticals for IBD have limited efficacy or adverse effects. As a promising safe and effective therapy for IBD, resveratrol has been studied widely, as it has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Resveratrol's mechanism of action involves multiple immune responses and signaling pathways; it is absorbed quickly and metabolized into various derivatives. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of resveratrol limit its clinical applications. Further research should attempt to improve the stability and oral bioavailability of resveratrol by modification and various delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Collaborative Power of Nrf2 and PPAR γ Activators against Metabolic and Drug-Induced Oxidative Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1378175. [PMID: 28928902 PMCID: PMC5591982 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1378175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have evolved a unique strategy to protect themselves against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Especially, two transcription factors, nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), have been shown to play key roles in establishing this cellular antioxidative defense system. Recently, several researchers reported ameliorating effects of pharmacological activators for these Nrf2 and PPARγ pathways on the progression of various metabolic disorders and drug-induced organ injuries by oxidative stress. In this review, general features of Nrf2 and PPARγ pathways in the context of oxidative protection will be summarized first. Then, a number of successful applications of natural and synthetic Nrf2 and PPARγ activators to the alleviation of pathological and drug-related oxidative damage will be discussed later.
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Kaempferide Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5278218. [PMID: 28928604 PMCID: PMC5591971 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5278218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate both the efficacy and mechanism of action of kaempferide (Kae) as a therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. A rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by a 2 h perfusion. In our study, we show that Kae remarkably improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial injury via a decrease in myocardial enzyme levels, and attenuated myocardial infarct size in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, preconditioning treatment with Kae was found to significantly decrease serum TNF-α, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), MDA, and ROS levels, while it was found to increase serum levels of SOD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were observed to be downregulated, while phospho-Akt (p-Akt) and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) expression levels were upregulated. However, cotreatment with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) or TDZD-8 (a GSK-3β inhibitor) was found to abolish the above cardioprotective effects observed with the Kae treatment. The data presented in this study provides evidence that Kae attenuates I/R-induced myocardial injury through inhibition of the Nrf2 and cleaved caspase-3 signaling pathways via a PI3K/Akt/GSK 3β-dependent mechanism.
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Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Giampieri F, Afrin S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Mazzoni L, Mezzetti B, Quiles JL, Battino M. Anti-inflammatory effect of strawberry extract against LPS-induced stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 102:1-10. [PMID: 28130090 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A common denominator in the pathogenesis of most chronic inflammatory diseases is the involvement of oxidative stress, related to ROS production by all aerobic organisms. Dietary antioxidants from plant foods represent an efficient strategy to counteract this condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of strawberry extracts on inflammatory status induced by E. Coli LPS on RAW 264.7 macrophages by measuring the main oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers and investigating the molecular pathways involved. Strawberry pre-treatment efficiently counteracted LPS-induced oxidative stress reducing the amount of ROS and nitrite production, stimulating endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and enhancing protection against lipid, protein and DNA damage (P < 0.05). Strawberry pre-treatment exerted these protective effects primarily through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which is markedly AMPK-dependent and also by the modulation of the NF-kB signalling pathway. Finally, an improvement in mitochondria functionality was also detected. The results obtained in this work highlight the health benefit of strawberries against inflammatory and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, investigating for the first time the possible involved molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy; Area de Nutrición y Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana (UNINI), Campeche C.P.24040, Mexico
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Josè M Alvarez-Suarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luca Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Josè L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy; Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
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