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Anbaraki A, Dindar Z, Mousavi-Jarrahi Z, Ghasemi A, Moeini Z, Evini M, Saboury AA, Seyedarabi A. The novel anti-fibrillary effects of volatile compounds α-asarone and β-caryophyllene on tau protein: Towards promising therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132401. [PMID: 38761902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal deposition of tau protein is one of the critical causes of tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, there has been great interest in the use of essential oils and volatile compounds in aromatherapy for treating AD, since volatile compounds can directly reach the brain through intranasal administration. The volatile compounds α-asarone (ASA) and β-caryophyllene (BCP) have revealed various important neuroprotective properties, useful in treating AD. In this study, the volatile compounds ASA and BCP were assessed for their effectiveness in preventing tau fibrillation, disassembly of pre-formed tau fibrils, and disaggregation of tau aggregates. SDS-PAGE and AFM analyses revealed that ASA and BCP inhibited tau fibrillation/aggregation and decreased the mean size of tau oligomers. Tau samples treated with ASA and BCP, showed a reduction in ThT and ANS fluorescence intensities, and a decrease in the β-sheet content. Additionally, ASA and BCP disassembled the pre-formed tau fibrils to the granular and linear oligomeric intermediates. Treatment of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with tau samples treated with ASA and BCP, revealed protective effects as shown by reduced toxicity of the cells, due to the inhibition of tau fibrillation/aggregation. Overall, ASA and BCP appeared to be promising therapeutic candidates for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Anbaraki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Dindar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atiyeh Ghasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moeini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Evini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Seyedarabi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Labeling compliance and online claims for Ayurvedic herbal supplements on the U.S. market associated with the purported treatment of COVID-19. Food Control 2023; 148:109673. [PMID: 36778101 PMCID: PMC9901855 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many consumers increased their use of supplements that claimed to support immune health, including Ayurvedic preparations. The goal of this study was to analyze labeling compliance and online claims for Ayurvedic herbal supplements associated with the purported treatment of COVID-19. The physical product labels for 51 herbal supplements labeled as ginger, tulsi/holy basil, amla, vacha/calamus root, guduchi/giloy, cinnamon, ashwagandha, tribulus, or turmeric were assessed for U.S. regulatory compliance. Disease claims, structure/function claims, and general well-being claims were also examined. The online listings for products purchased online (n = 42) were examined for claims and for the presence of the required legal disclaimer. Collectively, 61% of products had at least one instance of noncompliance on the physical label. The most common violations included missing/noncompliant disclaimer (33%), noncompliant "Supplement Facts" label (29%), noncompliant statement of identity (27%) and noncompliant domestic mailing address or phone number (25%). Structure/function claims occurred more frequently in the online product listings (average of 5 claims per product) compared to the physical labels (average of 2 claims per product). Disease claims were observed for 38% of online product listings and on 8% of physical labels. The use of disease claims on herbal supplements is a significant concern for public health because it may lead consumers to delay seeking professional treatment for life-threatening diseases. Overall, this study revealed a lack of labeling compliance among Ayurvedic herbal supplements and a need for greater scrutiny and monitoring of online product listings.
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Bai D, Li X, Wang S, Zhang T, Wei Y, Wang Q, Dong W, Song J, Gao P, Li Y, Wang S, Dai L. Advances in extraction methods, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, molecular targets and toxicology of volatile oil from Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004529. [PMID: 36545308 PMCID: PMC9761896 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser (ATT) is a traditional herb with a long medicinal history. The volatile oil of ATT (VOA) does possess many pharmacological activities. It can restore the vitality of the brain, nervous system and myocardial cells. It is used to treat various central system, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It also showed antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Many studies have explored the benefits of VOA scientifically. This paper reviews the extraction methods, chemical components, pharmacological activities and toxicology of VOA. The molecular mechanism of VOA was elucidated. This paper will serve as a comprehensive resource for further carrying the VOA on improving its medicinal value and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoming Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengguang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yumin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingquan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weichao Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Song
- Shandong Yuze Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Dezhou, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Long Dai, ; Shaoping Wang, ; Yanan Li,
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Long Dai, ; Shaoping Wang, ; Yanan Li,
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Long Dai, ; Shaoping Wang, ; Yanan Li,
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Kamyab R, Namdar H, Torbati M, Ghojazadeh M, Araj-Khodaei M, Fazljou SMB. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Hypertension: A Review. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:601-617. [PMID: 34888207 PMCID: PMC8642800 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is a comprehensive term for ancient, culture-bound health care practices that existed before the use of science in health matters and has been used for centuries. Medicinal plants are used to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases, which may occur due to ailments of the heart and blood vessels and comprise heart attacks, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, and heart failure. Hypertension causes difficulty in the functioning of the heart and is involved in atherosclerosis, raising the risk of heart attack and stroke. Many drugs are available for managing these diseases, though common antihypertensive drugs are generally accompanied by many side effects. Medicinal herbs have several active substances with pharmacological and prophylactic properties that can be used in the treatment of hypertension. This review presents an overview of some medicinal plants that have been shown to have hypotensive or antihypertensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Kamyab
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Namdar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Verma R, Kumar D, Nagraik R, Sharma A, Tapwal A, Puri S, Kumar H, Kumari A, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. Mycorrhizal inoculation impact on Acorus calamus L. - An ethnomedicinal plant of western Himalaya and its in silico studies for anti-inflammatory potential. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113353. [PMID: 32891818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Different plants are used for the treatment of various ailments and Acorus calamus L. is one such plant found in Western Himalaya. Rhizome of this plants has ethnomedicinal significance, as its rhizome is used for curing fever, pain and inflammation. An attempt has been made to alter the phytochemicals and increase its antioxidant property in a sustainable way with the help of mycorrhizal inoculation. AIM OF THE STUDY Study of mycorrhizal (Funneliformis mosseae) impact on the biological activities and phytochemical profile of A. calamus L. rhizome and in silico studies of phytochemicals for their anti-inflammatory property. MATERIALS AND METHODS F. mosseae was mass multiplied by single spore culture and then A. calamus rhizomes were inoculated with it. Antioxidant potential of rhizome extract was observed by DPPH and FRAP assays and the phytochemical profiling was done with GC-MS analysis. For observing antimicrobial activity disc diffusion method was employed. Dominant phytochemicals α-asarone and monolinolein TMS were chosen for molecular docking studies against four receptors (4COX, 2AZ5, 5I1B, 1ALU). RESULTS There was increase in antioxidant activity of rhizome extract after mycorrhizal inoculation. However, no change in antimicrobial activity was observed in the plant after mycorrhizal inoculation. The comparison in phytochemicals was observed by GC-MS analysis which showed qualitative and quantitative variation in biochemical content in plants. The phytochemical, α-asarone and monolinolein TMS showed highest docking score and least binding energy against 1ALU and 4COX respectively for anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants are potential source of antioxidants which can be increased by mycorrhizal inoculation without addition of chemical fertilizers and also results in altering the phytochemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | | | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Amita Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
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Miski M. Next Chapter in the Legend of Silphion: Preliminary Morphological, Chemical, Biological and Pharmacological Evaluations, Initial Conservation Studies, and Reassessment of the Regional Extinction Event. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10010102. [PMID: 33418989 PMCID: PMC7825337 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silphion was an ancient medicinal gum-resin; most likely obtained from a Ferula species growing in the Cyrene region of Libya ca. 2500 years ago. Due to its therapeutic properties and culinary value, silphion became the main economic commodity of the Cyrene region. It is generally believed that the source of silphion became extinct in the first century AD. However, there are a few references in the literature about the cultivated silphion plant and its existence up to the fifth century. Recently, a rare and endemic Ferula species that produces a pleasant-smelling gum-resin was found in three locations near formerly Greek villages in Anatolia. Morphologic features of this species closely resemble silphion, as it appears in the numismatic figures of antique Cyrenaic coins, and conform to descriptions by ancient authors. Initial chemical and pharmacological investigations of this species have confirmed the medicinal and spice-like quality of its gum-resin supporting a connection with the long-lost silphion. A preliminary conservation study has been initiated at the growth site of this rare endemic Ferula species. The results of this study and their implications on the regional extinction event, and future development of this species will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Miski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
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Sile I, Romane E, Reinsone S, Maurina B, Tirzite D, Dambrova M. Medicinal plants and their uses recorded in the Archives of Latvian Folklore from the 19th century. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112378. [PMID: 31707047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The records of folk medicine present historical evidence of medicinal plant usage in the territory of Latvia and describe native and imported plants and plant products that were used as medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY To collect and analyse the ethnobotanical knowledge found in records of Latvian folk medicine available in the Archives of Latvian Folklore. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the International Classification of Primary Care, plant uses were grouped into one of the 17 categories based on the body systems and psychological and social problems. Each plant was identified by its scientific name according to The Plant List website. Additionally, the plant parts used, dosage forms of herbal medicines and routes of administration were analysed. RESULTS In total, 211 genera belonging to 71 families were mentioned in the analysed materials. The most common health conditions were digestive system disorders, respiratory system disorders and skin disorders. The plant families with the largest number of taxa were Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, and Apiaceae. The most frequently mentioned native plant taxa were Achillea millefolium L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Allium cepa L., Artemisia absinthium L., and Plantago sp. L. Leaves and flowers were the most commonly used parts, and herbal tea was the most common dosage form. Only 59 out of 211 taxa mentioned in this study are included in the official herbal monographs of the European Medicines Agency. CONCLUSIONS One hundred and fifty-two plant taxa mentioned in the records of Latvian folk medicine are not included in the European Union herbal monographs providing scientific information on the safety and efficacy and deserve further exploration as traditional herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Sile
- Department of Dosage Form Technology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia; Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Edita Romane
- Department of Dosage Form Technology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Sanita Reinsone
- Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia, 3 Mūkusalas Str, Riga, LV-1423, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Maurina
- Department of Dosage Form Technology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Dace Tirzite
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
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Yeh TH, Lin JY. Acorus gramineusand and Euodia ruticarpa Steam Distilled Essential Oils Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Through Decreasing Th1/Th2 and Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion Ratios In Vitro. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020338. [PMID: 32093087 PMCID: PMC7072347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effects of steam distilled essential oils (SDEO) from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine on immune functions, two potential herbs, Acorus gramineusand (AG) and Euodia ruticarpa (ER) cultivated in Taiwan, were selected to assess their immunomodulatory effects using mouse primary splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. T helper type 1 lymphocytes (Th1) (IL-2), Th2 (IL-5), pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines secreted by correspondent immune cells treated with SDEO samples were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total amounts of potential phytochemicals, including total flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins, in these two selected SDEOs were measured and correlated with cytokine levels secreted by immune cells. Our results evidenced that ER SDEO is rich in total flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins. Treatments with AG and ER SDEO significantly (p < 0.05) increased IL-5/IL-2 (Th2/Th1) cytokine secretion ratios by splenocytes, suggesting that both AG and ER SDEO have the Th2-polarization property and anti-inflammatory potential. In addition, AG and ER SDEO, particularly ER SDEO, markedly decreased TNF-α/IL-10 secretion ratios by macrophages in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibiting substantial effects on spontaneous and LPS-induced inflammation. Significant correlations were found between the total polyphenols, flavonoids or saponins content in the two selected SDEOs and Th1/Th2 immune balance or anti-inflammatory ability in linear, non-linear or biphasic manners, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that AG and ER, particularly ER, SDEO have immunomodulatory potential in shifting the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization in splenocytes and inhibiting inflammation in macrophages in the absence or presence of LPS.
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Shang X, Ji X, Dang J, Wang L, Sun C, Liu K, Sik A, Jin M. α-asarone induces cardiac defects and QT prolongation through mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in zebrafish. Toxicol Lett 2020; 324:1-11. [PMID: 32035120 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
α-asarone is a natural phenylpropene found in several plants, which are widely used for flavoring foods and treating diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that α-asarone has many pharmacological functions, while some reports indicated its toxicity. However, little is known about its cardiovascular effects. This study investigated developmental toxicity of α-asarone in zebrafish, especially the cardiotoxicity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of α-asarone (1, 3, 5, 10, and 30 μM). Developmental toxicity assessments revealed that α-asarone did not markedly affect mortality and hatching rate. In contrast, there was a concentration-dependent increase in malformation rate of zebrafish treated with α-asarone. The most representative cardiac defects were increased heart malformation rate, pericardial edema areas, sinus venosus-bulbus arteriosus distance, and decreased heart rate. Notably, we found that α-asarone impaired the cardiac function of zebrafish by prolonging the mean QTc duration and causing T-wave abnormalities. The expressions of cardiac development-related key transcriptional regulators tbx5, nkx2.5, hand2, and gata5 were all changed under α-asarone exposure. Further investigation addressing the mechanism indicated that α-asarone triggered apoptosis mainly in the heart region of zebrafish. Moreover, the elevated expression of puma, cyto C, afap1, caspase 3, and caspase 9 in treated zebrafish suggested that mitochondrial apoptosis is likely to be the main reason for α-asarone induced cardiotoxicity. These findings revealed the cardiac developmental toxicity of α-asarone, expanding our knowledge about the toxic effect of α-asarone on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shang
- School of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tang'shan 063210, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ji
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiao Dang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Yooboon T, Kuramitsu K, Bullangpoti V, Kainoh Y, Furukawa S. Cytotoxic effects of β-asarone on Sf9 insect cells. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21596. [PMID: 31270854 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Asarone is the predominant component of the essential oil of rhizomes of Acorus calamus Linn ( Sweet flag). Although rhizome extracts from this plant have long been used for insect pest control, their cytotoxic effects on insect cells are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the potency of β-asarone as a natural insecticide by using a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9). To assess the cytotoxic effects of β-asarone on Sf9 cells, we observed morphologic changes in treated cells and performed a cell proliferation assay and a DNA fragmentation assay. After 24 and 48 h of treatment with β-asarone, the proliferation of the Sf9 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.558 mg/ml at 24 h and 0.253 mg/ml at 48 h. Morphologic changes in β-asarone-treated cells were typical of apoptosis and included loss of adhesion, cell shrinkage, and small apoptotic bodies. The DNA laddering present in β-asarone-treated SF9 cells and annexin V assay confirmed that this compound can induce apoptosis in insect cells. Together, these findings suggest that apoptosis induction may be one mechanism through which β-asarone inhibits the proliferation of insect cells and thus exerts insecticidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitaree Yooboon
- Department of Zoology, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumu Kuramitsu
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Vasakorn Bullangpoti
- Department of Zoology, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yooichi Kainoh
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Mickymaray S, Al Aboody MS. In Vitro Antioxidant and Bactericidal Efficacy of 15 Common Spices: Novel Therapeutics for Urinary Tract Infections? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060289. [PMID: 31248181 PMCID: PMC6630587 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common ailment affecting all age groups in males and females. The commercial antibiotics usage augments antibiotics resistance and creates higher recurrence rates of such communal infections. Hence, this study is aimed at investigating the antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of 15 common spices against 11 UTI-causing bacterial pathogens. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts was analyzed as contents of total phenols and flavonoids; radical scavenging, total reducing power, the ferric reducing power assay. Urinary pathogens were subjected to spice extracts to investigate antibacterial assays. Results: Preliminary phytochemical study of spices was performed to find those containing alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and steroids that can be recognized for their noteworthy bactericidal effects. The outcome of the antioxidative potential from the four methods demonstrated the sequence of potent antioxidant activity: Acorus calamus >Alpinia galanga > Armoracia rusticana > Capparis spinosa > Aframomum melegueta. The total polyphenols and flavonoids in the studied species positively correlated with their antioxidant properties. The four most effective spices (A. calamus, A. galanga, A. rusticana, and C. spinosa) had a zone of inhibition of at least 22 mm. A. calamus, A. melegueta, and C. spinosa had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. All 15 spices had the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value against most of the pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: The four highly potent and unique spices noted for the in vitro control of UTI-causing pathogens could be pursued further in the development of complementary and alternative medicine against UTI-causing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Saleh Al Aboody
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia.
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