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Chen S, Huang M, Xu D, Li M. Epigenetic regulation in epilepsy: A novel mechanism and therapeutic strategy for epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105657. [PMID: 38145842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures with excessive and abnormal neuronal discharges. Epileptogenesis is usually involved in neuropathological processes such as ion channel dysfunction, neuronal injury, inflammatory response, synaptic plasticity, gliocyte proliferation and mossy fiber sprouting, currently the pathogenesis of epilepsy is not yet completely understood. A growing body of studies have shown that epigenetic regulation, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and restrictive element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF) are also involved in epilepsy. Through epigenetic studies, we found that the synaptic dysfunction, nerve damage, cognitive dysfunction and brain development abnormalities are affected by epigenetic regulation of epilepsy-related genes in patients with epilepsy. However, the functional roles of epigenetics in pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy are still to be explored. Therefore, profiling the array of genes that are epigenetically dysregulated in epileptogenesis is likely to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of epilepsy and may for the amelioration of these serious human conditions provide novel insight into therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers for epilepsy to improve serious human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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Zhu X, Hollinger KR, Huang Y, Borjabad A, Kim BH, Arab T, Thomas AG, Moniruzzaman M, Lovell L, Turchinovich A, Witwer KW, Volsky DJ, Haughey NJ, Slusher BS. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 inhibition attenuates extracellular vesicle release and improves neurobehavioral deficits in murine HIV. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105734. [PMID: 35462006 PMCID: PMC9202342 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLH) have significantly higher rates of cognitive impairment (CI) and major depressive disorder (MDD) versus the general population. The enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is involved in the biogenesis of ceramide and extracellular vesicles (EVs), both of which are dysregulated in PLH, CI, and MDD. Here we evaluated EcoHIV-infected mice for behavioral abnormalities relevant to depression and cognition deficits, and assessed the behavioral and biochemical effects of nSMase2 inhibition. Mice were infected with EcoHIV and daily treatment with either vehicle or the nSMase2 inhibitor (R)-(1-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-8-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-carbamate (PDDC) began 3 weeks post-infection. After 2 weeks of treatment, mice were subjected to behavior tests. EcoHIV-infected mice exhibited behavioral abnormalities relevant to MDD and CI that were reversed by PDDC treatment. EcoHIV infection significantly increased cortical brain nSMase2 activity, resulting in trend changes in sphingomyelin and ceramide levels that were normalized by PDDC treatment. EcoHIV-infected mice also exhibited increased levels of brain-derived EVs and altered microRNA cargo, including miR-183-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-200b-3p, and miR-429-3p, known to be associated with MDD and CI; all were normalized by PDDC. In conclusion, inhibition of nSMase2 represents a possible new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HIV-associated CI and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen R Hollinger
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alejandra Borjabad
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Moniruzzaman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lyndah Lovell
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Heidelberg Biolabs GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Abak A, Taheri M, Jalili Khoshnoud R. Aberrant expression of miRNAs in epilepsy. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5057-5074. [PMID: 35088379 PMCID: PMC9262756 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is manifested by intermittent convulsions and alterations in consciousness. This disorder has serious effects on daily functions and physical and mental health of affected patients. A variety of temporary irregularities in the function of brain can results in epilepsy. The molecular mechanism of epilepsy and the underlying causes of abnormal apoptotic responses in neurons, dysregulation of regenerative mechanisms in glial cells and abnormal immune reactions in the context of epilepsy are not clear. microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of cell apoptosis as well as regenerative and immune responses have been shown to affect pathologic events in epilepsy. In the current review, we aimed at defining the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. We have listed dysregulated miRNAs in animal models of epilepsy and human subjects. miR-25-3p, miR-494, miR-139-5p, miR-101a-3p, miR-344a, miR-129, miR-298 and miR-187 are among down-regulated miRNAs in epilepsy. Moreover, expressions of miR-132, miR-146a, miR-181a and miR-155 have been reported to be increased in epilepsy. A number of genetic variants within miRNAs can affect risk of epilepsy. We discuss the role of miRNAs in the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Atefe Abak
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Jalili Khoshnoud
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Tao Q, Fan Y, Ma C, Li D, Huang F, Tang D. circPUM1 Activates the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway by Sponging to Promote the Proliferation, Invasion and Glycolysis of Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1405-1414. [PMID: 34259142 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210713152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study seeks to obtain data to assess the impact of circPUM1 on pancreatic cancer (PC) and its mechanism. METHODS The expression of circPUM1 and miR-200c-3p in PC and normal tissues and PC cell lines was collected and detected, and subsequently dual-luciferase assay-based verification of the binding site of the two was carried out. After interfering with circPUM1 expression in MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis rate, invasion ability, glucose consumption, and lactate production were measured by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and glucose and lactate assay kits. Additionally, western blot was utilized for assessing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. From the results, highly expressed circPUM1 and miR-200c-3p in PC tissues and cells were proved. RESULTS Down-regulation of circPUM1 expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, cell viability, invasion and glycolysis, while increasing the apoptosis rate. Down-regulated circPUM1 led to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activity in PC cells; while up-regulated circPUM1 increased its activity. Further experiments revealed that down-regulation of miR-200c-3p expression reversed the inhibitory effect of lowly expressed circPUM1 on PC cells. CONCLUSION In summary, circPUM1 activates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by sponging miR-200c-3p and promotes PC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, ShenZhen, Guangdong 510075, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sen Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, 518017, China
| | - Qiang Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sen Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, 518017, China
| | - YouWen Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sen Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, 518017, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sen Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, 518017, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sen Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, 518017, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sen Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, 518017, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sen Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, 518017, China
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Li W, Yang S, Chen G, He S. MiR-200c-3p regulates pyroptosis by targeting SLC30A7 in diabetic retinopathy. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221099589. [PMID: 35607288 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221099589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the progression of various diseases. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs can help clinical treatment. BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications of diabetes. The objective of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which miR-200c-3p regulates the pyroptosis of DR cell. METHODS Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and high glucose (HG) cultures established DR cell model in vitro. RT-qPCR is used to detect the expression level of miRNAs. CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry are used to detect apoptosis of HRMECs cell. Western blotting is used to detect cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-1, and N-GSDMD proteins levels in HRMECs. The ELISA assay is used to detect the expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Predict and validate potential binding sites between miR-200c-3p and SLC30A7 by dual luciferase reporter gene analysis. RESULTS The results showed that HG caused damage to HRMECs through the pyroptosis pathway rather than the apoptosis pathway. MiR-200c-3p is highly expressed in HG induced-HRMECs, and knockdown of miR-200c-3p mitigates HG-induced HRMECs pyroptosis. MiR-200c-3p negatively targets SLC30A7 in HRMECs, and miR-200c-3p regulates pyroptosis of HG-induced HRMECs by targeting SLC30A7. CONCLUSION The results suggest that miR-200c-3p might be a promising interference target for DR prevention and treatment. The results of current study may provide new insights into development of therapeutic strategies for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Li
- Department of Glaucoma and Cataract, Liuzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Aier Ophthalmology College of Central South University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Glaucoma and Cataract, Liuzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Aier Ophthalmology College of Central South University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guangsheng Chen
- Department of Glaucoma and Cataract, Liuzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Aier Ophthalmology College of Central South University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shiping He
- Department of Glaucoma and Cataract, Liuzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Aier Ophthalmology College of Central South University, Liuzhou, China
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Shao LL, Gao MM, Gong JX, Yang LY. DUSP1 regulates hippocampal damage in epilepsy rats via ERK1/2 pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102032. [PMID: 34562585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of DUSP1 on the hippocampal injury of young rats with epilepsy (EP) through mediating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. METHODS Young SD rats were selected and divided into Control, EP, EP + LV-GFP, EP + LV-DUSP1, EP + LV-siDUSP1, and EP + LV-siDUSP1 + U0126 groups. Morris Water Maze Test was used to detect the spatial learning and memory. Nissl staining and TUNEL staining were conducted and the inflammatory factors and oxidative stress-related indicators were also measured. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of DUSP1 and ERK1/2 pathway. EP cell model was constructed in vitro to verify the in vivo results. RESULTS Compared with Control group, young rats in EP group had decreased spatial learning and memory abilities and increased apoptotic rate and decreased number of Nissl positive cells. Besides, the up-regulated levels in inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6), MDA content, and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 protein expression, as well as the down-regulated levels in DUSP1 protein expression and SOD content were also observed in EP rats. The EP rats treated with LV-DUSP1 showed obvious improvements regarding the above indicators, while those treated with LV-siDUSP1 had aggravated injury. But the effect of LV-siDUSP1 can be reversed by the treatment with ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor U0126. Further in vitro investigation verified the in vivo results. CONCLUSION DUSP1 may ameliorate the oxidative stress and inflammatory injury, as well as improve spatial learning and memory abilities via inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway, eventually playing protective roles in hippocampal injury of young rats with EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Shao
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, PR China.
| | - Miao-Miao Gao
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, PR China
| | - Jing-Xin Gong
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, PR China
| | - Li-Yong Yang
- Department of Diagnostic CT, Cangzhou Central Hospital Yanshan Branch, Cangzhou 061399, PR China
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Kinoshita C, Aoyama K. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Neuroprotective Effects of Glutathione. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084245. [PMID: 33921907 PMCID: PMC8073493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of antioxidative defense systems might have been mandatory for most living beings with aerobic metabolisms, because oxygen consumption produces adverse byproducts known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). The brain is especially vulnerable to the effect of ROS, since the brain has large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, which are a target of lipid oxidation, as well as comparably high-energy consumption compared to other organs that results in ROS release from mitochondria. Thus, dysregulation of the synthesis and/or metabolism of antioxidants-particularly glutathione (GSH), which is one of the most important antioxidants in the human body-caused oxidative stress states that resulted in critical diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases in the brain. GSH plays crucial roles not only as an antioxidant but also as an enzyme cofactor, cysteine storage form, the major redox buffer, and a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The levels of GSH are precisely regulated by uptake systems for GSH precursors as well as GSH biosynthesis and metabolism. The rapid advance of RNA sequencing technologies has contributed to the discovery of numerous non-coding RNAs with a wide range of functions. Recent lines of evidence show that several types of non-coding RNAs, including microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA, are abundantly expressed in the brain, and their activation or inhibition could contribute to neuroprotection through the regulation of GSH synthesis and/or metabolism. Interestingly, these non-coding RNAs play key roles in gene regulation and growing evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs interact with each other and are co-regulated. In this review, we focus on how the non-coding RNAs modulate the level of GSH and modify the oxidative stress states in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (K.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3794 (C.K.); +81-3-3964-1211 (K.A.)
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (K.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3794 (C.K.); +81-3-3964-1211 (K.A.)
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RNA and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on microRNAs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2638130. [PMID: 33312335 PMCID: PMC7721489 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2638130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is closely associated with other key events in neurodegeneration such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, metal dysregulation, and protein misfolding. Oxidized RNAs are identified in brains of AD patients at the prodromal stage. Indeed, oxidized mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA lead to retarded or aberrant protein synthesis. OS interferes with not only these translational machineries but also regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs can be oxidized, which causes misrecognizing target mRNAs. Moreover, OS affects the expression of multiple miRNAs, and conversely, miRNAs regulate many genes involved in the OS response. Intriguingly, several miRNAs embedded in upstream regulators or downstream targets of OS are involved also in neurodegenerative pathways in AD. Specifically, seven upregulated miRNAs (miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-200c, miR-26b, miR-30e, miR-34a, miR-34c) and three downregulated miRNAs (miR-107, miR-210, miR-485), all of which are associated with OS, are found in vulnerable brain regions of AD at the prodromal stage. Growing evidence suggests that altered miRNAs may serve as targets for developing diagnostic or therapeutic tools for early-stage AD. Focusing on a neuroprotective transcriptional repressor, REST, and the concept of hormesis that are relevant to the OS response may provide clues to help us understand the role of the miRNA system in cellular and organismal adaptive mechanisms to OS.
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Hanas JS, Hocker JRS, Vannarath C, Evangeline B, Prabhakaran V, Oommen A, Couch J, Anderson M, Rajshekhar V, Carabin H, Drevets D. Distinguishing and Biochemical Phenotype Analysis of Epilepsy Patients Using a Novel Serum Profiling Platform. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080504. [PMID: 32751954 PMCID: PMC7464346 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of non-symptomatic epilepsy includes a history of two or more seizures and brain imaging to rule out structural changes like trauma, tumor, infection. Such analysis can be problematic. It is important to develop capabilities to help identify non-symptomatic epilepsy in order to better monitor and understand the condition. This understanding could lead to improved diagnostics and therapeutics. Serum mass peak profiling was performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). A comparison of sera mass peaks between epilepsy and control groups was performed via leave one [serum sample] out cross-validation (LOOCV). MS/MS peptide analysis was performed on serum mass peaks to compare epilepsy patient and control groups. LOOCV identified significant differences between the epilepsy patient group and control group (p = 10−22). This value became non-significant (p = 0.10) when the samples were randomly allocated between the groups and reanalyzed by LOOCV. LOOCV was thus able to distinguish a non-symptomatic epilepsy patient group from a control group based on physiological differences and underlying phenotype. MS/MS was able to identify potential peptide/protein changes involved in this epilepsy versus control comparison, with 70% of the top 100 proteins indicating overall neurologic function. Specifically, peptide/protein sera changes suggested neuro-inflammatory, seizure, ion-channel, synapse, and autoimmune pathways changing between epilepsy patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Hanas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.R.S.H.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - James R. S. Hocker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.R.S.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Christian Vannarath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.R.S.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Betcy Evangeline
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (B.E.); (V.P.); (A.O.); (V.R.)
| | - Vasudevan Prabhakaran
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (B.E.); (V.P.); (A.O.); (V.R.)
| | - Anna Oommen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (B.E.); (V.P.); (A.O.); (V.R.)
| | - James Couch
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Michael Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Vedantam Rajshekhar
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India; (B.E.); (V.P.); (A.O.); (V.R.)
| | - Hélène Carabin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.A.); (H.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Douglas Drevets
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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Systemic Investigation of Promoter-wide Methylome and Genome Variations in Gout. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134702. [PMID: 32630231 PMCID: PMC7369819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of gout centers on hyperuricemia. Relatively little is known regarding the pathogenesis of gouty inflammation. To investigate the epigenetic background of gouty inflammation independent of hyperuricemia and its relationship to genetics, 69 gout patients and 1455 non-gout controls were included. Promoter-wide methylation was profiled with EPIC array. Whole-genome sequencing data were included for genetic and methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) analyses and causal inference tests. Identified loci were subjected to co-methylation analysis and functional localization with DNase hypersensitivity and histone marks analysis. An expression database was queried to clarify biologic functions of identified loci. A transcription factor dataset was integrated to identify transcription factors coordinating respective expression. In total, seven CpG loci involved in interleukin-1β production survived genetic/meQTL analyses, or causal inference tests. None had a significant relationship with various metabolic traits. Additional analysis suggested gouty inflammation, instead of hyperuricemia, provides the link between these CpG sites and gout. Six (PGGT1B, INSIG1, ANGPTL2, JNK1, UBAP1, and RAPTOR) were novel genes in the field of gout. One (CNTN5) was previously associated with gouty inflammation. Transcription factor mapping identified several potential transcription factors implicated in the link between differential methylation, interleukin-1β production, and gouty inflammation. In conclusion, this study revealed several novel genes specific to gouty inflammation and provided enhanced insight into the biological basis of gouty inflammation.
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Li R, Wen Y, Wu B, He M, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Chen Y. MicroRNA-25-3p suppresses epileptiform discharges through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis via targeting OXSR1 in neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:859-866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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LncRNA CASC2 inhibits astrocytic activation and adenosine metabolism by regulating PTEN in pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy model. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 105:101749. [PMID: 31958564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely implicated in the progress of epilepsy. However, the expression profile and potential function of long noncoding RNAs cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (lncRNA CASC2) in epilepsy are poorly studied. The aim of this study was to testify the influence of lncRNA CASC2 on epilepsy in rat and cell models of epileptic seizure. We adopted qRT-PCR on the hippocampus of rats following pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-stimulated epilepsy. To further examine the correlation between lncRNA CASC2 and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), we detected the effects of lncRNA CASC2 on PTEN expression. We found that lncRNA CASC2 and PTEN expression were positively correlated in PTZ-induced epileptic rat. Overexpression of lncRNA CASC2 prolonged the latency and reduced the frequency of epileptic seizure, suppressed the activation of astrocytes and the release of adenosine in epileptic rat, whereas downregulation of lncRNA CASC2 exhibited the opposite effects. Meanwhile, lncRNA CASC2 decreased the adenosine metabolism related proteins expression of p38, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) and Adenosine Kinase (ADK). In PTZ-treated astrocytes, PTEN was found to be a direct target of lncRNA CASC2. Additionally, downregulation of PTEN attenuated the protective effect of lncRNA CASC2 overexpression in epileptic seizure. Our findings manifested the key role of lncRNA CASC2 in the occurrence of epilepsy by targeting PTEN, which provided a novel target for epilepsy therapy.
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