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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Zeng J, Li X, Xie H, Yang R, Qi H, Zeng N. Phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118503. [PMID: 38942157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), known as Chen Pi in China, is the most commonly used medicine for regulating qi. As a traditional medicine, CRP has been extensively used in the clinical treatment of nausea, vomiting, cough and phlegm for thousands of years. It is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Sichuan, Fujian and Zhejiang in China. Due to its high frequency of use, many scholars have conducted a lot of research on it and the related chemical constituents it contains. In this review, the research progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of CRP are summarized. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review aims to sort out the methods of extraction and purification, pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the chemical constituents in CRP, in order to elaborate the future research directions and challenges for the study of CRP and related chemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Valid and comprehensive relevant information was collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed and so on. RESULTS CRP contains a variety of compounds, of which terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids are the main components, and they are also the primary bioactive components that play a pharmacological role. Flavonoids and terpenes are extracted and purified by aqueous and alcoholic extraction methods, assisted by ultrasonic and microwave extraction, in order to achieve higher yields with less resources. Pharmacological studies have shown that CRP possesses a variety of highly active chemical components and a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, therapeutic for cardiovascular-related disorders, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS There is a diversity in the chemical compositions of CRP, which have multiple biological activities and promising applications. However, the pharmacological activities of CRP are mainly dependent on the action of its chemical components, but the relationship between the structure of chemical components and the biological effects has not been thoroughly investigated, and therefore, the structure-activity relationship is an issue that needs to be elucidated urgently. In addition, the pharmacokinetic studies of the relevant components can be further deepened and the correlation studies between pharmacological effects and syndromes of TCM can be expanded to ensure the effectiveness and rationality of CRP for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yanning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Hongxiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Ruocong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Hu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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Wang S, Liu W, Wei B, Wang A, Wang Y, Wang W, Gao J, Jin Y, Lu H, Ka Y, Yue Q. Traditional herbal medicine: Therapeutic potential in acute gouty arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118182. [PMID: 38621464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) is characterized by a rapid inflammatory reaction caused by the build-up of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the tissues surrounding the joints. This condition often associated with hyperuricemia (HUA), is distinguished by its symptoms of intense pain, active inflammation, and swelling of the joints. Traditional approaches in AGA management often fall short of desired outcomes in clinical settings. However, recent ethnopharmacological investigations have been focusing on the potential of Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM) in various forms, exploring their therapeutic impact and targets in AGA treatment. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review briefly summarizes the current potential pharmacological mechanisms of THMs - including active ingredients, extracts, and prescriptions -in the treatment of AGA, and discusses the relevant potential mechanisms and molecular targets in depth. The objective of this study is to offer extensive information and a reference point for the exploration of targeted AGA treatment using THMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review obtained scientific publications focused on in vitro and in vivo studies of anti-AGA THMs conducted between 2013 and 2023. The literature was collected from various journals and electronic databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The retrieval and analysis of relevant articles were guided by keywords such as "acute gouty arthritis and Chinese herbal medicine," "acute gouty arthritis herbal prescription," "acute gouty arthritis and immune cells," "acute gouty arthritis and inflammation," "acute gouty arthritis and NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3)," "acute gouty arthritis and miRNA," and "acute gouty arthritis and oxidative stress." RESULTS We found that AGA has a large number of therapeutic targets, highlighting the effectiveness the potential of THMs in AGA treatment through in vitro and in vivo studies. THMs and their active ingredients can mitigate AGA symptoms through a variety of therapeutic targets, such as influencing macrophage polarization, neutrophils, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and addressing factors like inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and miRNA multi-target interactions. The anti-AGA properties of THMs, including their active components and prescriptions, were systematically summarized and categorized based on their respective therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoid and alkaloid compounds in THMs are considered the key ingredients to improve AGA. THMs and their active ingredients achieve enhanced efficacy through interactions with multiple targets, of which NLRP3 is a main therapeutic target. Nonetheless, given the intricate composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), additional research is required to unravel the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets through which THMs alleviate AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Wei Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Bowen Wei
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Wen Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Jingyue Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Yue Jin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Hang Lu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Yuxiu Ka
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Qingyun Yue
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
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de Souza MDGC, Cyrino FZGA, Bouskela E. Protective effects of Ruscus extract in combination with ascorbic acid and hesperidine methylchalcone on increased leukocyte-endothelial interaction and macromolecular permeability induced by ischemia reperfusion injury. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242111. [PMID: 38995768 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-recognized effectiveness of Ruscus aculetus extract combined or not with ascorbic acid (AA) and hesperidine methyl chalcone (HMC) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury protection, little is known about the contribution of each constituent for this effect. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of AA and HMC combined or not with Ruscus extract on increased macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interaction induced by I/R injury. METHODS Hamsters were treated daily during two weeks with filtered water (placebo), AA (33, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day) and HMC (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day) combined or not with Ruscus extract (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day). On the day of experiment, the cheek pouch microcirculation underwent 30 min of ischemia, and the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes and leaky sites were evaluated before ischemia and during 45 min of reperfusion. RESULTS Ruscus extract combined with AA and HMC (Ruscus extract mixture) significantly prevented post-ischemic increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and macromolecular permeability compared to placebo and these effects were more prominent than AA and HMC alone on leukocyte adhesion and macromolecular leakage. CONCLUSION Ruscus extract mixture were more effective than its isolated constituents in protect the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças C de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (BioVasc), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fatima Z G A Cyrino
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (BioVasc), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (BioVasc), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nelson VK, Nuli MV, Ausali S, Gupta S, Sanga V, Mishra R, Jaini PK, Madhuri Kallam SD, Sudhan HH, Mayasa V, Abomughaid MM, Almutary AG, Pullaiah CP, Mitta R, Jha NK. Dietary anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial medicinal plants and its compounds in bovine mastitis associated impact on human life. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106687. [PMID: 38750773 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most common bacterial mediated inflammatory disease in the dairy cattle that causes huge economic loss to the dairy industry due to decreased milk quality and quantity. Milk is the essential food in the human diet, and rich in crucial nutrients that helps in lowering the risk of diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The main causative agents of the disease include various gram negative, and positive bacteria, along with other risk factors such as udder shape, age, genetic, and environmental factors also contributes much for the disease. Currently, antibiotics, immunotherapy, probiotics, dry cow, and lactation therapy are commonly recommended for BM. However, these treatments can only decrease the rise of new cases but can't eliminate the causative agents, and they also exhibit several limitations. Hence, there is an urgent need of a potential source that can generate a typical and ideal treatment to overcome the limitations and eliminate the pathogens. Among the various sources, medicinal plants and its derived products always play a significant role in drug discovery against several diseases. In addition, they are also known for its low toxicity and minimum resistance features. Therefore, plants and its compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties can serve better in bovine mastitis. In addition, the plants that are serving as a food source and possessing pharmacological properties can act even better in bovine mastitis. Hence, in this evidence-based study, we particularly review the dietary medicinal plants and derived products that are proven for anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Moreover, the role of each dietary plant and its compounds along with possible role in the management of bovine mastitis are delineated. In this way, this article serves as a standalone source for the researchers working in this area to help in the management of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Center for global health research, saveetha medical college, saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saijyothi Ausali
- College of Pharmacy, MNR higher education and research academy campus, MNR Nagar, Sangareddy, 502294, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Sanga
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujrat, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Jaini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Raffles University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudha Divya Madhuri Kallam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - Hari Hara Sudhan
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Vinyas Mayasa
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box, 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chitikela P Pullaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60016, India
| | - Raghavendra Mitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering & Technology (SSET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
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Kodous AS, Abdel-Maksoud MA, El-Tayeb MA, Al-Sherif DA, Mohamed SSA, Ghobashy MM, Emad AM, Abd El‐Halim SM, Hagras SAA, Mani S, Rao AKDM, Hussein AM, Saada HN. Hesperidin - loaded PVA/alginate hydrogel: targeting NFκB/iNOS/COX-2/TNF-α inflammatory signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347420. [PMID: 38686374 PMCID: PMC11056547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin injuries represent a prevalent form of physical trauma, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies to expedite the wound healing process. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid naturally occurring in citrus fruits, exhibits a range of pharmacological attributes, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and analgesic properties. The main objective of the study was to formulate a hydrogel with the intention of addressing skin conditions, particularly wound healing. Methods This research introduces a methodology for the fabrication of a membrane composed of a Polyvinyl alcohol - Sodium Alginate (PVA/A) blend, along with the inclusion of an anti-inflammatory agent, Hesperidin (H), which exhibits promising wound healing capabilities. A uniform layer of a homogeneous solution comprising PVA/A was cast. The process of crosslinking and the enhancement of hydrogel characteristics were achieved through the application of gamma irradiation at a dosage of 30 kGy. The membrane was immersed in a Hesperidin (H) solution, facilitating the permeation and absorption of the drug. The resultant system is designed to deliver H in a controlled and sustained manner, which is crucial for promoting efficient wound healing. The obtained PVA/AH hydrogel was evaluated for cytotoxicity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, anti-inflammatory and membrane stability effect. In addition, its action on oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers was evaluated on BJ-1 human normal skin cell line. Results and Discussion We determined the effect of radical scavenging activity PVA/A (49 %) and PVA/AH (87%), the inhibition of Human red blood cell membrane hemolysis by PVA/AH (81.97 and 84.34 %), hypotonicity (83.68 and 76.48 %) and protein denaturation (83.17 and 85.8 %) as compared to 250 μg/ml diclofenac (Dic.) and aspirin (Asp.), respectively. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of genes associated with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and downregulated TNFα, NFκB, iNOS, and COX2 by 67, 52, 58 and 60%, respectively, by PVA/AH hydrogel compared to LPS-stimulated BJ-1 cells. The advantages associated with Hesperidin can be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes. The incorporation of Hesperidin into hydrogels offers promise for the development of a novel, secure, and efficient strategy for wound healing. This innovative approach holds potential as a solution for wound healing, capitalizing on the collaborative qualities of PVA/AH and gamma irradiation, which can be combined to establish a drug delivery platform for Hesperidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S. Kodous
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute Women's Indian Association (WIA), Tamilnadu, India
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. El-Tayeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana A. Al-Sherif
- Applied Medical Science Faculty, Sixth October University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
| | - Suzan Shawky Abuelkasem Mohamed
- Biochemistry and nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Sixth October University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayat M. Emad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shady M. Abd El‐Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soheir A. A. Hagras
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samson Mani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute Women's Indian Association (WIA), Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Ahmed M. Hussein
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen N. Saada
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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Hassan AF, Hussein O, Al-Barazenji T, Allouch A, Kamareddine L, Malki A, Moustafa AA, Khalil A. The effect of novel nitrogen-based chalcone analogs on colorectal cancer cells: Insight into the molecular pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27002. [PMID: 38463818 PMCID: PMC10923686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrations in KRAS are associated with aggressive tumorigenesis and an overall low survival rate because of chemoresistance and adverse effects. Ergo, complementary, and integrative medicines are being considered for CRC treatment. Among which is the use of natural chalcones that are known to exhibit anti-tumor activities in KRAS mutant CRC subtypes treatment regimens. Consequently, we examine the effect of two novel compounds (DK13 and DK14) having chalcones with nitrogen mustard moiety on CRC cell lines (HCT-116 and LoVo) with KRAS mutation. These compounds were synthesized in our lab and previously reported to exhibit potent activity against breast cancer cells. Our data revealed that DK13 and DK14 treatment suppress cell growth, disturb the progression of cell cycle, and trigger apoptosis in CRC cell lines. Besides, treatment with both compounds impedes cell invasion and colony formation in both cell lines as compared to 5-FU; this is accompanied by up and down regulations of E-cadherin and Vimentin, respectively. At the molecular level, both compounds deregulate the expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin, Akt and mTOR, which are the main likely molecular mechanisms underlying these biological occurrences. Our findings present DK13 and DK14 as novel chemotherapies against CRC, through β-catenin/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arij Fouzat Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ola Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tara Al-Barazenji
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala‐Eddin Al Moustafa
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Ji Z, Deng W, Chen D, Liu Z, Shen Y, Dai J, Zhou H, Zhang M, Xu H, Dai B. Recent understanding of the mechanisms of the biological activities of hesperidin and hesperetin and their therapeutic effects on diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26862. [PMID: 38486739 PMCID: PMC10937595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural phytochemicals that have therapeutic effects and act in the prevention of several pathologies. These phytochemicals can be found in lemon, sweet orange, bitter orange, clementine. Hesperidin and hesperetin are citrus flavonoids from the flavanones subclass that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and antibacterial potential. Preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrated therapeutical effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin in various diseases, such as bone diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, urinary tract diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological activities of hesperidin and hesperetin, their therapeutic potential in various diseases and their associated molecular mechanisms. This article also discusses future considerations for the clinical applications of hesperidin and hesperetin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong Chen
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
| | - Yucheng Shen
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
| | - Jiuming Dai
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
| | - Hucheng Xu
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Binhai County People's Hospital, No.148, Middle Fudong Road, Dongkan Town, Binhai County, Yancheng City, 224500, China
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Vieites-Álvarez Y, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. A decade of advances in the study of buckwheat for organic farming and agroecology (2013-2023). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354672. [PMID: 38510443 PMCID: PMC10950947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
During the last decade, research has shown the environment and human health benefits of growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.). This comprehensive review aims to summarize the major advancements made in the study of buckwheat from 2013 to 2023, focusing on its agronomic characteristics, nutritional value, and potential applications in sustainable agriculture. The review examines the diverse applications of buckwheat in organic and agroecological farming systems, and discusses the ability of buckwheat to control weeds through allelopathy, competition, and other sustainable farming methods, such as crop rotation, intercropping and green manure, while improving soil health and biodiversity. The review also explores the nutritional value of buckwheat. It delves into the composition of buckwheat grains, emphasizing their high protein content, and the presence of essential amino acids and valuable micronutrients, which is linked to health benefits such as lowering cholesterol levels, controlling diabetes and acting against different types of cancer, among others. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the gaps in current knowledge, and proposing future research directions to further optimize buckwheat production in organic or agroecological farming systems. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches to unlock the full potential of buckwheat as a sustainable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedra Vieites-Álvarez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Alarabei AA, Abd Aziz NAL, AB Razak NI, Abas R, Bahari H, Abdullah MA, Hussain MK, Abdul Majid AMS, Basir R. Immunomodulating Phytochemicals: An Insight Into Their Potential Use in Cytokine Storm Situations. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:105-119. [PMID: 38585461 PMCID: PMC10997936 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are compounds found in plants that possess a variety of bioactive properties, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of phytochemicals in targeting specific signalling pathways involved in cytokine storm, a life-threatening clinical condition resulting from excessive immune cell activation and oversupply of proinflammatory cytokines. Several studies have documented the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals on immune function, including their ability to regulate essential cellular and molecular interactions of immune system cells. This makes them a promising alternative for cytokine storm management, especially when combined with existing chemotherapies. Furthermore, phytochemicals have been found to target multiple signalling pathways, including the TNF-α/NF-κB, IL-1/NF-κB, IFN-γ/JAK/STAT, and IL-6/JAK-STAT. These pathways play critical roles in the development and progression of cytokine storm, and targeting them with phytochemicals represents a promising strategy for controlling cytokine release and the subsequent inflammation. Studies have also investigated certain families of plant-related constituents and their potential immunomodulatory actions. In vivo and in vitro studies have reported the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals, which provide viable alternatives in the management of cytokine storm syndrome. The collective data from previous studies suggest that phytochemicals represent a potentially functional source of cytokine storm treatment and promote further exploration of these compounds as immunomodulatory agents for suppressing specific signalling cascade responses. Overall, the previous research findings support the use of phytochemicals as a complementary approach in managing cytokine storm and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aimi Liyana Abd Aziz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izah AB Razak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairi Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- Natureceuticals Sdn Bhd, Kedah Halal Park, Kawasan Perindustrian Sg. Petani, 08000 Sg. Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Moradi S, Bagheri R, Amirian P, Zarpoosh M, Cheraghloo N, Wong A, Zobeiri M, Entezari MH. Effects of Spirulina supplementation in patients with ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:109. [PMID: 38424572 PMCID: PMC10905931 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of Spirulina (SP) supplementation on disease activity, health-related quality of life, antioxidant status, and serum pentraxin 3 (PTX-3) levels in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Eighty patients with UC were randomly assigned to consume either 1 g/day (two 500 mg capsules/day) of SP (n = 40) or control (n = 40) for 8 weeks. Dietary intakes, physical activity, disease activity, health-related quality of life, antioxidant status, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum PTX-3 levels were assessed and compared between groups at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Seventy-three patients (91.3%) completed the trial. We observed increases in serum total antioxidant capacity levels in the SP supplementation group compared to the control group after 8 weeks of intervention (p ≤ 0.001). A within-group comparison indicated a trend towards a higher health-related quality of life score after 8 weeks of taking two different supplements, SP (p < 0.001) and PL (p = 0.012), respectively. However, there were no significant changes in participant's disease activity score in response to SP administration (p > 0.05). Similarly, changes in ESR and PTX-3 levels were comparable between groups post-intervention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SP improved antioxidant capacity status and health-related quality of life in patients with UC. Our findings suggest that SP supplementation may be effective as an adjuvant treatment for managing patients with UC. Larger trials with longer interventions periods are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
| | - Parsa Amirian
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zarpoosh
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Neda Cheraghloo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Mehdi Zobeiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Pisoschi AM, Iordache F, Stanca L, Cimpeanu C, Furnaris F, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Comprehensive and critical view on the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role of natural phenolic antioxidants. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116075. [PMID: 38150963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The immune response encompasses innate and adaptive immunity, each with distinct and specific activities. The innate immune system is constituted by phagocytic cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils, the cascade system, and different classes of receptors such as toll-like receptors that are exploited by the innate immune cells. The adaptive immune system is antigen-specific, encompassing memory lymphocytes and the corresponding specific receptors. Inflammation is understood as an activation of different signaling pathways such as toll-like receptors or nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, with an increase in nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Increased oxidative stress has been identified as main source of chronic inflammation. Phenolic antioxidants modulate the activities of lymphocytes and macrophages by impacting cytokines and nitric oxide release, exerting anti-inflammatory effect. The nuclear-factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are targeted, alongside an increase in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor mediated antioxidant response, triggering the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The inhibitive potential on phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in the arachidonic acid pathway, and the subsequent reduction in prostaglandin and leukotriene generation, reveals the potential of phenolics as inflammation antagonists. The immunomodulative potential encompasses the capacity to interfere with proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and with the expression of the corresponding genes. A diet rich in antioxidants can result in prevention of inflammation-related pathologies. More investigations are necessary to establish the role of these antioxidants in therapy. The appropriate delivery system and the prooxidant effects exhibited at large doses, or in the presence of heavy metal cations should be regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cimpeanu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, 59 Marasti Blvd, 011464, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Furnaris
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Zhang F, Lv T, Li J, Lian J, Wu H, Jin Y, Jia F, Zhang X. Citrate synthase lysine K215 hypoacetylation contributes to microglial citrate accumulation and pro-inflammatory functions after traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14567. [PMID: 38421106 PMCID: PMC10851320 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microglial metabolism and neuroinflammation by examining the impact of citrate accumulation in microglia and its potential regulation through Cs K215 hypoacetylation. METHODS Experimental approaches included assessing Cs enzyme activity through Cs K215Q mutation and investigating the inhibitory effects of hesperidin, a natural flavanone glycoside, on citrate synthase. Microglial phagocytosis and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also examined in relation to Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin treatment. RESULTS Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Cs enzyme activity, microglial citrate accumulation, phagocytosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, Sirt3 knockdown aggravated microglial pro-inflammatory functions during neuroinflammation, despite its proven role in Cs deacetylation. CONCLUSION Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin effectively inhibited microglial pro-inflammatory functions without reversing the metabolic reprogramming. These findings suggest that targeting Cs K215 hypoacetylation and utilizing hesperidin may hold promise for modulating neuroinflammation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchen Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yichao Jin
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryNantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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13
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Harwansh RK, Bhati H, Deshmukh R. Recent Updates on the Therapeutics Benefits, Clinical Trials, and Novel Delivery Systems of Chlorogenic Acid for the Management of Diseases with a Special Emphasis on Ulcerative Colitis. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:420-439. [PMID: 38299405 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128295753240129074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial disorder of the large intestine, especially the colon, and has become a challenge globally. Allopathic medicines are primarily available for the treatment and prevention of UC. However, their uses are limited due to several side effects. Hence, an alternative therapy is of utmost importance in this regard. Herbal medicines are considered safe and effective for managing human health problems. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), the herbal-derived bioactive, has been reported for pharmacological effects like antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, etc. This review aims to understand the antiinflammatory and chemopreventive potential of CGA against UC. Apart from its excellent therapeutic potential, it has been associated with low absorption and poor oral bioavailability. In this context, colon-specific novel drug delivery systems (NDDS)are pioneering to overcome these problems. The pertinent literature was compiled from a thorough search on various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., utilizing numerous keywords, including ulcerative colitis, herbal drugs, CGA, pharmacological activities, mechanism of actions, nanoformulations, clinical updates, and many others. Relevant publications accessed till now were chosen, whereas non-relevant papers, unpublished data, and non-original articles were excluded. The present review comprises recent studies on pharmacological activities and novel drug delivery systems of CGA for managing UC. In addition, the clinical trials of CGA against UC have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Hemant Bhati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
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14
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Chiș A, Noubissi PA, Pop OL, Mureșan CI, Fokam Tagne MA, Kamgang R, Fodor A, Sitar-Tăut AV, Cozma A, Orășan OH, Hegheș SC, Vulturar R, Suharoschi R. Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera: Mechanisms of Action, Focus on Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 38202328 PMCID: PMC10780634 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a tropical tree native to Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan; it is cultivated for its nutritious leaves, pods, and seeds. This scientific study was conducted to outline the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds from M. oleifera. The existing research has found that the plant is used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals: flavonoids and polyphenols. The compounds are thought to exert their anti-inflammatory effects due to: (1) inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes: quercetin and kaempferol inhibit the pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase); (2) regulation of cytokine production: isothiocyanates modulate signaling pathways involved in inflammation, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway; isothiocyanates inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) and IL-1β (interleukin-1β); and (3) antioxidant activity: M. oleifera contains flavonoids, polyphenols, known to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. The review includes M. oleifera's effects on cardiovascular protection, anti-hypertensive activities, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This research could prove valuable for exploring the pharmacological potential of M. oleifera and contributing to the prospects of developing effective medicines for the benefit of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Paul Aimé Noubissi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Oana-Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Ioana Mureșan
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michel Archange Fokam Tagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454, Cameroon;
| | - René Kamgang
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orășan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Simona Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Nayak SPRR, Dhivya LS, R R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Kathiravan MK, Arockiaraj J. Furan based synthetic chalcone derivative functions against gut inflammation and oxidative stress demonstrated in in-vivo zebrafish model. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175994. [PMID: 37574161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of persistent intestinal illnesses resulting from bowel inflammation unrelated to infection. The prevalence of IBD is rising in industrialized countries, increasing healthcare costs. Whether naturally occurring or synthetic, chalcones possess a broad range of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and antioxidant effects. This investigation focuses on DKO7 (E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, a synthesized chalcone with potential anti-inflammatory effects in a zebrafish model of intestinal inflammation induced by Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The in vitro study displayed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties of DKO7. Additionally, DKO7 protected zebrafish larvae against lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen stress (ROS), and DSS-induced inflammation. Moreover, DKO7 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS. Further, it reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the intestinal tissues of adult zebrafish and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The protective effect of DKO7 against chemically (or DSS) induced intestinal inflammation was further verified using histopathological techniques in intestinal tissues. The furan-based chalcone derivative, DKO7, displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Also, DKO7 successfully reverses the DSS-induced intestinal damage in zebrafish. Overall, this study indicates the ability of DKO7 to alleviate DSS-induced gut inflammation in an in-vivo zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ramya Ranjan Nayak
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L S Dhivya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma R
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - M K Kathiravan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Dhivya LS, Kumaradoss KM. Synthesis of novel furan-based chalcone derivatives as anti-tuberculosis agents: in vitro, cytotoxicity assessment and in silico. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1687-1701. [PMID: 37732414 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to identify a novel furan-based chalcone derivative as potent inhibitor against the H37Rv strain. Materials & methods: The in silico pharmacokinetic characteristics, toxicity tests, molecular modeling, chemical synthesis and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; IC50) were carried out to evaluate the antitubercular potential of the synthesized furan-based chalcone analogues against H37Rv. Results & conclusion: Among the ten target compounds synthesized, DF02, DF05 and DF07 had MIC values of 1.6 μg/ml equivalent to isoniazid and DF10 showed MIC values of 3.25 μg/ml which is equipotent to pyrazinamide. All the other compounds had optimal concentrations 6.25-100 μg/ml against the H37Rv strain. Compounds DF02 and DF10 were further evaluated for cytotoxicity assay performed using HeLa cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Sumathi Dhivya
- Dr APJ Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss
- Dr APJ Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
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17
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Wang Y, He C, Xin S, Liu X, Zhang S, Qiao B, Shang H, Gao L, Xu J. A Deep View of the Biological Property of Interleukin-33 and Its Dysfunction in the Gut. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13504. [PMID: 37686309 PMCID: PMC10487440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases have always posed a serious threat to human health, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) being one of them. IBD is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The "alarm" cytokine IL-33, which is intimately associated with Th2 immunity, is a highly potent inflammatory factor that is considered to have dual functions-operating as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional regulator. IL-33 has been shown to play a crucial role in both the onset and development of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the pathogenesis of IBD, the major receptor cell types, and the activities of IL-33 in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as its underlying mechanisms and conflicting conclusions in IBD. We have also summarized different medicines targeted to IL-33-associated diseases. Furthermore, we have emphasized the role of IL-33 in gastrointestinal cancer and parasitic infections, giving novel prospective therapeutic utility in the future application of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Boya Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
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18
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Bekkouch O, Zengin G, Harnafi M, Touiss I, Khoulati A, Saalaoui E, Harnafi H, Abdellattif MH, Amrani S. Anti-Inflammatory Study and Phytochemical Characterization of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon L. Juices and Their Formulation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26715-26724. [PMID: 37546676 PMCID: PMC10398691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon, well known as ginger and lemon, are two vegetals widely used in traditional medicine and the culinary field. The juices of the two vegetals were evaluated based on their inflammation, both in vivo and in vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to characterize different juices from Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon. After the application of the HPLC method, different compounds were identified, such as 6-gingerol and 6-gingediol from the ginger juice and isorhamnetin and hesperidin from the lemon juice. In addition, the two juices and their formulation were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro by utilizing the BSA denaturation test, in vivo using the carrageenan-induced inflammation test, and the vascular permeability test. Important and statistically significant anti-inflammatory activities were observed for all juices, especially the formulation. The results of our work showed clearly that the Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon juices protect in vivo the development of the rat paw edema, especially the formulation F composed of the Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon juices, which shows an anti-inflammatory activity equal to -35.95% and -44.05% using 10 and 20 mg/kg of the dose, respectively. Our work also showed that the formulation was the most effective tested extract since it inhibits the vascular permeability by -37% and -44% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and in vitro via the inhibition of the denaturation of BSA by giving a synergetic effect with the highest IC50 equal to 684.61 ± 7.62 μg/mL corresponding to the formulation F. This work aims to develop nutraceutical preparations in the future and furnishes the support for a new investigation into the activities of the various compounds found in Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Bekkouch
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Physiology
and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science
Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Ilham Touiss
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Amine Khoulati
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Chemistry
Department, Sciences College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
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19
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Shaban SF, Khattab MA, Abd El Hameed SH, Abdelrahman SA. Evaluating the histomorphological and biochemical changes induced by Tributyltin Chloride on pituitary-testicular axis of adult albino rats and the possible ameliorative role of hesperidin. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:304-323. [PMID: 36988127 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2195489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to explore in detail the toxic effects of Tributyltin Chloride (TBT) on the pituitary-testicular axis and the possible amelioration with Hesperidin. Seventy-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Control group (I), TBT-treated group (II), TBT+Hesperidin group (III), and Recovery group (IV). Body and testicular weights were measured. Blood samples were taken to estimate serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured in testes homogenates. Tissue samples from the pituitary glands and testes were processed for light, electron microscope examination, and immunohistochemical detection of anti-FSH, and Ki67 proteins. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in testicular weight, serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels and a significant increase in tissue MDA in the TBT group when compared to the control group. TBT treatment caused severe histopathological changes with decreased area percent of PAS-stained basophils, and anti FSH immuno-stained gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland. The testes of group II also showed marked tissue damage, cell loss with decreased epithelial height and decreased number of proliferating spermatogenic cells. Hesperidin supplementation with TBT proved significant amelioration of the previously mentioned parameters in both glands which could improve male fertility. In conclusion: The flavonoid Hesperidin has the potential to protect against the reproductive damage induced by TBT in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar F Shaban
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha A Khattab
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abd El Hameed
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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20
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Thongma N, Sivamaruthi BS, Bharathi M, Tansrisook C, Peerajan S, Tanongpitchayes K, Chawnan N, Rashmi S, Thongkorn K, Chaiyasut C. Influence of Gallic Acid-Containing Mouth Spray on Dental Health and Oral Microbiota of Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:424. [PMID: 37505829 PMCID: PMC10385331 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of GAMS on oral microbiota in healthy dog subjects. Thirty-eight dogs were recruited and randomly allocated to the placebo (n = 19) and treatment groups (n = 19). The dogs were treated with mouth spray once daily for 42 days. The changes in the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and calculus index (CI) were measured at baseline (day 0) and end of the study (42nd day). The changes in the oral microbial composition of representative dogs (placebo, n = 7; and treatment, n = 7) were also evaluated at baseline and end of the study. Oral microbial composition was assessed by sequencing. The sequences were annotated using the QIIME 2.0TM. The GI, PI, and CI indexes were reduced after the GAMS usage. The abundance of the commensal bacterial phylum Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi, genera Frederiksenia, and Bergeyella was improved after six weeks of GAMS usage. GAMS reduced the pathogenic bacterial species, including Neisseria sp., Desulfobulbus sp., Capnocytophaga canis, and Corynebacterium mustelae. Moreover, some pathogenic bacterial abundances were increased at the end of the study. All the microbial variations were observed within the group. The inter-group analysis revealed that the changes were unrelated to GAMS usage. Further studies need to be carried out using more experimental subjects to confirm the effectiveness of GAMS. More metagenomic data are required to evidence the GMAS impact on the oral microbiome of healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaphat Thongma
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muruganantham Bharathi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chawin Tansrisook
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Kittidaj Tanongpitchayes
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natcha Chawnan
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Subramanian Rashmi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Thongkorn
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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21
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Kashef SM, Yassien RI, El-Ghazouly DES. The possible effect of lycopene in ameliorating experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats (A histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:172-187. [PMID: 36869024 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2185718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is considered a long-term inflammatory disorder worldwide. Its pathogenesis is associated with reduced antioxidant capacity. Lycopene (LYC) is a powerful antioxidant with strong free radical scavenging property. The present work has done to assess changes of colonic mucosa in induced UC and the possible ameliorative effects of LYC. Forty-five adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I (control), group II was given 5 mg/kg/day (LYC) by oral gavage for 3 weeks. Group III (UC) was received single intra-rectal injection of acetic acid. Group IV (LYC+UC) received LYC in same dose and duration as before and acetic acid on 14th day of the experiment. UC group showed loss of surface epithelium with destructed crypts. Congested blood vessels with heavy cellular infiltration were observed. Significant decrease in goblet cell numbers and the mean area percentage of ZO-1 immunoexpression were noticed. Significant increase in the mean area percentage of collagen and the mean area percentage of COX-2 were also noticed. Ultrastructural changes were matched with light microscopic results that showed abnormal destructive columnar and goblet cells. Histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings in group IV supported the ameliorative role of LYC against destructive changes induced by UC.
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22
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Michalkova R, Kello M, Cizmarikova M, Bardelcikova A, Mirossay L, Mojzis J. Chalcones and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065964. [PMID: 36983038 PMCID: PMC10059739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal (CRC) and gastric cancers (GC) are the most common digestive tract cancers with a high incidence rate worldwide. The current treatment including surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy has several limitations such as drug toxicity, cancer recurrence or drug resistance and thus it is a great challenge to discover an effective and safe therapy for CRC and GC. In the last decade, numerous phytochemicals and their synthetic analogs have attracted attention due to their anticancer effect and low organ toxicity. Chalcones, plant-derived polyphenols, received marked attention due to their biological activities as well as for relatively easy structural manipulation and synthesis of new chalcone derivatives. In this study, we discuss the mechanisms by which chalcones in both in vitro and in vivo conditions suppress cancer cell proliferation or cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Michalkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Cizmarikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Annamaria Bardelcikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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23
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The Flavonoid Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Therapy: Molecular Docking, In vitro Cytotoxicity, and In vivo Antitumor Activity. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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24
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Li M, Liu Y, Weigmann B. Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Flavonoids: A Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054454. [PMID: 36901885 PMCID: PMC10003013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders that cause chronic non-specific inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, primarily affecting the ileum and colon. The incidence of IBD has risen sharply in recent years. Despite continuous research efforts over the past decades, the aetiology of IBD is still not fully understood and only a limited number of drugs are available for its treatment. Flavonoids, a ubiquitous class of natural chemicals found in plants, have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of IBD. However, their therapeutic efficacy is unsatisfactory due to poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. With the development of nanomedicine, nanocarriers can efficiently encapsulate various flavonoids and subsequently form nanoparticles (NPs), which greatly improves the stability and bioavailability of flavonoids. Recently, progress has also been made in the methodology of biodegradable polymers that can be used to fabricate NPs. As a result, NPs can significantly enhance the preventive or therapeutic effects of flavonoids on IBD. In this review, we aim to evaluate the therapeutic effect of flavonoid NPs on IBD. Furthermore, we discuss possible challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Li
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zhou Y, Wang D, Yan W. Treatment Effects of Natural Products on Inflammatory Bowel Disease In Vivo and Their Mechanisms: Based on Animal Experiments. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041031. [PMID: 36839389 PMCID: PMC9967064 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestine that can be classified as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Currently, the incidence of IBD is still increasing in developing countries. However, current treatments for IBD have limitations and do not fully meet the needs of patients. There is a growing demand for new, safe, and highly effective alternative drugs for IBD patients. Natural products (NPs) are used in drug development and disease treatment because of their broad biological activity, low toxicity, and low side effects. Numerous studies have shown that some NPs have strong therapeutic effects on IBD. In this paper, we first reviewed the pathogenesis of IBD as well as current therapeutic approaches and drugs. Further, we summarized the therapeutic effects of 170 different sources of NPs on IBD and generalized their modes of action and therapeutic effects. Finally, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of NPs for the treatment of IBD. The aim of our review is to provide a systematic and credible summary, thus supporting the research on NPs for the treatment of IBD and providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of NPs in drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Zhou
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Diandian Wang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6238-8926
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26
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Borghi SM, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone: An Emerging Compound for the Treatment of Inflammation and Pain. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:601-603. [PMID: 35996246 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220822113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Marques Borghi
- Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.,Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Rua Marselha, 591, Jardim Piza, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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27
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Liu S, Liu K, Wang Y, Wu C, Xiao Y, Liu S, Yu J, Ma Z, Liang H, Li X, Li Y, Zhou L. Hesperidin methyl chalcone ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders by activating lipase activity and increasing energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166620. [PMID: 36494040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become an increasingly serious health issue with the continuous improvement in living standards. Its prevalence has become an economic burden on health care systems worldwide. Flavonoids have been shown to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the flavonoid hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) on mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with HMC reduced oleic and palmitic acid-induced increases in intracellular triglyceride accumulation in HepG2, AML12 and LMH cells. HMC also enhanced energy metabolism and lowered oxidative stress. We used Discovery studio to dock key proteins associated with lipid metabolism disorders to HMC, and found that HMC interacted with lipase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HMC improved lipase activity and lipolysis. In addition, we found that HMC promoted glucose absorption, alleviated lipid metabolic disorders, improved HFD-induced liver injury, and regulated HFD-induced changes in energy metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HMC ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and its complications by promoting lipase activity, and provides a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chou Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jingsu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zeqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Huanjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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28
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Abo El-Magd NF, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M, Eraky SM. Hepatoprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of hesperidin against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats. Life Sci 2023; 313:121280. [PMID: 36526046 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neurological disorder which might occur in both acute and chronic liver injury. AIMS This study was carried out to explore the protective effects of hesperidin against experimentally induced HE. MAIN METHODS Rats were sorted into four groups each of six; Normal group, TAA group: rats were administered 350 mg/kg of TAA i.p. from day 5 to day 7. TAA+ Hesp 100 group: rats were administered hesperidin 100 mg/kg/day orally for 7 days along with i.p TAA injection 350 mg/kg from day 5 to 7. TAA+ Hesp 200 group: rats were administered hesperidin 200 mg/kg/day orally for 7 days along with i.p TAA injection 350 mg/kg from day 5 to 7. Liver function, oxidative stress biomarkers, behavioral tests in addition to histopathological examination were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Hesperidin efficiently mitigated TAA-induced HE as evidenced by significant reduction in liver enzymes, bile and ammonia levels in serum. Moreover, hesperidin restored oxidant/antioxidant balance as manifested by reduction in MDA content in both cerebral and hepatic tissues. Additionally, hesperidin improved motor and cognitive abilities besides tissues' architecture as demonstrated by behavioral tests and histopathology results, respectively. Hesperidin also decreased levels of NLRP3 and increased levels of Sirt1 and FOXO in both cerebral and hepatic tissues. Finally, hesperidin markedly decreased the expression of IL-1β and caspase-1 as shown by immunohistochemical results. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the hepatoprotective impact of hesperidin and its ameliorative effect on the progression of HE appear to be mediated by its modulatory influence on NLRP3/Sirt1/FOXO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada F Abo El-Magd
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salma M Eraky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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29
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Artero NA, Manchope MF, Carvalho TT, Saraiva-Santos T, Bertozzi MM, Carneiro JA, Franciosi A, Dionisio AM, Zaninelli TH, Fattori V, Ferraz CR, Piva M, Mizokami SS, Camilios-Neto D, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone Reduces the Arthritis Caused by TiO 2 in Mice: Targeting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Cytokine Production, and Nociceptor Sensory Neuron Activation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020872. [PMID: 36677929 PMCID: PMC9864652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthroplasty is an orthopedic surgical procedure that replaces a dysfunctional joint by an orthopedic prosthesis, thereby restoring joint function. Upon the use of the joint prosthesis, a wearing process begins, which releases components such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) that trigger an immune response in the periprosthetic tissue, leading to arthritis, arthroplasty failure, and the need for revision. Flavonoids belong to a class of natural polyphenolic compounds that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Hesperidin methyl chalcone's (HMC) analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects have been investigated in some models, but its activity against the arthritis caused by prosthesis-wearing molecules, such as TiO2, has not been investigated. Mice were treated with HMC (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) 24 h after intra-articular injection of 3 mg/joint of TiO2, which was used to induce chronic arthritis. HMC inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, joint edema, leukocyte recruitment, and oxidative stress in the knee joint (alterations in gp91phox, GSH, superoxide anion, and lipid peroxidation) and in recruited leukocytes (total reactive oxygen species and GSH); reduced patellar proteoglycan degradation; and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. HMC also reduced the activation of nociceptor-sensory TRPV1+ and TRPA1+ neurons. These effects occurred without renal, hepatic, or gastric damage. Thus, HMC reduces arthritis triggered by TiO2, a component released upon wearing of prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara A. Artero
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Bertozzi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Jessica A. Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Anelise Franciosi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Dionisio
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila R. Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Maiara Piva
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra S. Mizokami
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Doumit Camilios-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Centre of Exact Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86039-440, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-3371-4979
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Lee SH, Seo D, Lee KH, Park SJ, Park S, Kim H, Kim T, Joo IH, Park JM, Kang YH, Lim GH, Kim DH, Yang JY. Biometabolites of Citrus unshiu Peel Enhance Intestinal Permeability and Alter Gut Commensal Bacteria. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020319. [PMID: 36678190 PMCID: PMC9862503 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavanones in Citrus unshiu peel (CUP) have been used as therapeutic agents to reduce intestinal inflammation; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of their biometabolites remain ambiguous. Here, we identified aglycone-type flavanones, such as hesperetin and naringenin, which were more abundant in the bioconversion of the CUP than in the ethanol extracts of the CUP. We found that the bioconversion of the CUP induced the canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway via degradation of IκB in Caco-2 cells. To check the immune suppressive capacity of the aglycones of the CUP in vivo, we orally administered the bioconversion of the CUP (500 mg/kg) to mice for two weeks prior to the 3% dextran sulfate sodium treatment. The CUP-pretreated group showed improved body weight loss, colon length shortage, and intestinal inflammation than the control mice. We also found a significant decrease in the population of lamina propria Th17 cells in the CUP-pretreated group following dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment and an increase in mRNA levels of occludin in CUP-treated Caco-2 cells. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed a decreased abundance of Alistipes putredinis and an increased abundance of Muribaculum intestinale in the feces of the CUP-pretreated mice compared to those of the control mice. Overall, these findings suggest that the pre-administration of CUP biometabolites may inhibit the development of murine colitis by modulating intestinal permeability and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Joo
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hwan Kang
- Department of Industry Promotion, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Geongsan 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2286; Fax: +82-51-581-2962
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Xiu M, Wang Y, Yang D, Zhang X, Dai Y, Liu Y, Lin X, Li B, He J. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a suitable platform for drug discovery from natural products in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072715. [PMID: 36545307 PMCID: PMC9760693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-treating inflammatory disease that can occur in multiple parts of the human intestine and has become a worldwide problem with a continually increasing incidence. Because of its mild early symptoms, most of them will not attract people's attention and may cause more serious consequences. There is an urgent need for new therapeutics to prevent disease progression. Natural products have a variety of active ingredients, diverse biological activities, and low toxicity or side effects, which are the new options for preventing and treating the intestinal inflammatory diseases. Because of multiple genetic models, less ethical concerns, conserved signaling pathways with mammals, and low maintenance costs, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a suitable model for studying mechanism and treatment strategy of IBD. Here, we review the advantages of fly model as screening platform in drug discovery, describe the conserved molecular pathways as therapetic targets for IBD between mammals and flies, dissect the feasibility of Drosophila model in IBD research, and summarize the natural products for IBD treatment using flies. This review comprehensively elaborates that the benefit of flies as a perfact model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xiu
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuting Dai
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingyao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, China
| | - Botong Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianzheng He
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, China,College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianzheng He,
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Gu X, Miao Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang T, Xu Y. New Baitouweng decoction combined with fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates DSS-induced colitis in rats by regulating gut microbiota metabolic homeostasis and the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:307. [PMID: 36424592 PMCID: PMC9686021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to elucidate the synergistic effect and potential mechanism of New Baitouweng Decoction (NBD) combined with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rats with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced by 5% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. NBD or NBD combined with FMT were administered to the colitis rats. Body weight and disease activity index were measured, and the colon histological change was imaged to further examine the efficacy of NBD and FMT. The specific effects of NBD on STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota in rats with UC were also investigated. RESULTS The efficacy of NBD in combination with FMT was demonstrated by the lower disease activity index scores; increased tight junction proteins expression; and a lower expression of macrophage marker (F4/80) in colon tissues. NBD combined with FMT elevated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and inhibited activation of the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB related proteins. Furthermore, 16SrDNA sequencing indicated that the gut microbiota in rats with UC was perturbed, in contrast to that in healthy rats. After treatment with NBD and FMT, the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora showed clear improvements. Spearman correlation analysis indicated a strong correlation between specific microbiota and fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate. CONCLUSIONS The protective mechanism of NBD combined with FMT may be linked to regulation NF-κB/STAT3 and restoration of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yantian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Constantinescu T, Mihis AG. Two Important Anticancer Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Chalcones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911595. [PMID: 36232899 PMCID: PMC9570335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G and tubulin pharmacological mechanisms decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by modulating drug absorption and by creating tubulin assembly through polymerization. A series of natural and synthetic chalcones have been reported to have very good anticancer activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration lower than 1 µM. By modulation, it is observed in case of the first mechanism that methoxy substituents on the aromatic cycle of acetophenone residue and substitution of phenyl nucleus by a heterocycle and by methoxy or hydroxyl groups have a positive impact. To inhibit tubulin, compounds bind to colchicine binding site. Presence of methoxy groups, amino groups or heterocyclic substituents increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Constantinescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Grig Mihis
- Advanced Materials and Applied Technologies Laboratory, Institute of Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Fantanele Str. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Sanches VL, de Souza Mesquita LM, Viganó J, Contieri LS, Pizani R, Chaves J, da Silva LC, de Souza MC, Breitkreitz MC, Rostagno MA. Insights on the Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Citrus Fruits: Green Perspectives and Current Status. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-27. [PMID: 35993795 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits (CF) are highly consumed worldwide, fresh, processed, or prepared as juices and pies. To illustrate the high economic importance of CF, the global production of these commodities in 2021 was around 98 million tons. CF's composition is considered an excellent source of phenolic compounds (PC) as they have a large amount and variety. Since ancient times, PC has been highlighted to promote several benefits related to oxidative stress disorders, such as chronic diseases and cancer. Recent studies suggest that consuming citrus fruits can prevent some of these diseases. However, due to the complexity of citrus matrices, extracting compounds of interest from these types of samples, and identifying and quantifying them effectively, is not a simple task. In this context, several extractive and analytical proposals have been used. This review discusses current research involving CF, focusing mainly on PC extraction and analysis methods, regarding advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of Green Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Sanches
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane Viganó
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Buri, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Contieri
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pizani
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaísa Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laíse Capelasso da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maurício A Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li J, Tian X, Liu J, Mo Y, Guo X, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Ma X, Wang Y, Xiong Y. Therapeutic material basis and underling mechanisms of Shaoyao Decoction-exerted alleviation effects of colitis based on GPX4-regulated ferroptosis in epithelial cells. Chin Med 2022; 17:96. [PMID: 35974396 PMCID: PMC9380349 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shaoyao Decoction (SYD) is a canonical herbal medicine prescription formulated by Liu Wan-Su in AD 1186. SYD has been widely used to treat inflammatory bowel disease by clearing heat and damp, removing stasis toxin in the intestine; however, the precise mechanisms and therapeutic material basis remain largely unclear. In the present study, we measured the effects of SYD on colitis symptom, epithelial barrier function, epithelial ferroptosis, colonic protein and mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in colitis model, and determined whether SYD restored barrier loss in colitis by modulation of GPX4-regulated ferroptosis pathway. Methods Colitis was established by infusion with 1 mL 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) dissolved in ethanol (40% v/v) in rats at a 125 mg/kg dose. Ferroptosis in epithelial cells was determined by flow cytometer. GPX4 promoter-firefly luciferase fusion construct was transfected to Caco-2 cell to determine GPX4 transcription. MS analysis was used to identified ingredients in SYD. Results Different doses of SYD significantly alleviated colitis, decreased ferroptosis in epithelial cells, knockout of GPX4 significantly reversed SYD-induced alleviation effects on colitis, restoration of epithelial barrier function, and epithelial ferroptosis. Wogonoside, wogonin, palmatine, paeoniflorin and liquiritin were identified as active ingredients of SYD-exerted alleviation effects of colitis based on GPX4 agonistic transcription. Conclusion SYD alleviated chemically induced colitis by activation of GPX4, inhibition of ferroptosis in epithelial cells and further restoration of barrier function. Wogonoside, wogonin, palmatine, paeoniflorin and liquiritin were identified as the key therapeutic material basis of SYD-exerted anti-colitis effects. The findings provide a scientific basis for the therapeutic effect of SYD on colitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00652-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yuying Mo
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yuejian Liu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Yongjian Xiong
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China. .,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Heydarian A, Kashani AHF, Masoodi M, Aryaeian N, Vafa M, Tahvilian N, Hosseini AF, Fallah S, Moradi N, Farsi F. Effects of Saffron Supplementation on Serum Inflammatory Markers and Quality of Life in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine and their management by natural bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113158. [PMID: 35644116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused by the overactivity of the immune system towards self-constituents. Risk factors of autoimmune diseases are multiple and include genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and psychological. Autoimmune chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, including celiac and inflammatory diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), constitute a significant health problem worldwide. Besides the complexity of the symptoms of these diseases, their treatments have only been palliative. Numerous investigations showed that natural phytochemicals could be promising strategies to fight against these autoimmune diseases. In this respect, plant-derived natural compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids exhibited significant effects against three autoimmune diseases affecting the intestine, particularly bowel diseases. This review focuses on the role of natural compounds obtained from medicinal plants in modulating inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine. It covers the most recent literature related to the effect of these natural compounds in the treatment and prevention of auto-immune diseases of the intestine.
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Sanches VL, Cunha TA, Viganó J, de Souza Mesquita LM, Faccioli LH, Breitkreitz MC, Rostagno MA. Comprehensive analysis of phenolics compounds in citrus fruits peels by UPLC-PDA and UPLC-Q/TOF MS using a fused-core column. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100262. [PMID: 35243328 PMCID: PMC8867044 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) was developed to comprehensively analyze phenolic compounds in peels of lime (Citrus × latifolia), lemon (Citrus limon), and rangpur lime (Citrus × limonia). The reverse-phase separation was achieved with a C18 fused-core column packed with the smallest particles commercially available (1.3 um). The method was successfully coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), allowing the detection of 24 phenolic compounds and five limonoids in several other citrus peels species: key lime, orange and sweet orange, tangerine, and tangerine ponkan, proving the suitability for comprehensive analysis in citrus peel matrices. Additionally, the developed method was validated according to the Food and drug administration (FDA) and National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO) criteria, demonstrating specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision according to these guidelines. System suitability parameters such as resolution, tailoring, plate count were also verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Sanches
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, 12383-250 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanize A Cunha
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Juliane Viganó
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, 12383-250 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, 12383-250 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Breitkreitz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutial Research and Chemometrics (LabFarQui), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro s/n, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício A Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, 12383-250 Limeira, SP, Brazil
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The Flavonoid Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone Targets Cytokines and Oxidative Stress to Reduce Diclofenac-Induced Acute Renal Injury: Contribution of the Nrf2 Redox-Sensitive Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071261. [PMID: 35883752 PMCID: PMC9312103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin is derived from citrus fruits among other plants. Hesperidin was methylated to increase its solubility, generating hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC), an emerging flavonoid that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a powerful regulator of cellular resistance to oxidant products. Previous data evidenced HMC can activate Nrf2 signaling, providing antioxidant protection against diverse pathological conditions. However, its effects on kidney damage caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have not been evaluated so far. Mice received a nephrotoxic dose of diclofenac (200 mg/kg) orally followed by intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration of HMC (0.03–3 mg/kg) or vehicle. Plasmatic levels of urea, creatinine, oxidative stress, and cytokines were assessed. Regarding the kidneys, oxidative parameters, cytokine production, kidney swelling, urine NGAL, histopathology, and Nrf2 mRNA expression and downstream targets were evaluated. HMC dose-dependently targeted diclofenac systemic alterations by decreasing urea and creatinine levels, and lipid peroxidation, as well as IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-33 production, and restored antioxidant properties in plasma samples. In kidney samples, HMC re-established antioxidant defenses, inhibited lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulated IL-10, reduced kidney swelling, urine NGAL, and histopathological alterations. Additionally, HMC induced mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its downstream effectors HO-1 and Nqo1, as well as reduced the levels of Keap1 protein detected in renal tissue. The present data demonstrate HMC is a potential compound for the treatment of acute renal damage caused by diclofenac, a routinely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Pharmacological Effects of Polyphenol Phytochemicals on the Intestinal Inflammation via Targeting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136939. [PMID: 35805952 PMCID: PMC9266441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR4/NF-κB is a key inflammatory signaling transduction pathway, closely involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory response. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), the first mammalian TLR to be characterized, is the innate immune receptor that plays a key role in inflammatory signal transductions. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the TLR4 downstream, is the key to accounting for the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is a chronic inflammatory disease with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. Targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective strategy to alleviate intestinal inflammation. Polyphenol phytochemicals have shown noticeable alleviative effects by acting on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of more than 20 kinds of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation via targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. We expected that polyphenol phytochemicals targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective approach to treat IBD in future clinical research applications.
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Hesperidin: A Review on Extraction Methods, Stability and Biological Activities. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122387. [PMID: 35745117 PMCID: PMC9227685 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid occurring in high concentrations in citrus fruits. Its use has been associated with a great number of health benefits, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. The food industry uses large quantities of citrus fruit, especially for the production of juice. It results in the accumulation of huge amounts of by-products such as peels, seeds, cell and membrane residues, which are also a good source of hesperidin. Thus, its extraction from these by-products has attracted considerable scientific interest with aim to use as natural antioxidants. In this review, the extraction and determination methods for quantification of hesperidin in fruits and by-products are presented and discussed as well as its stability and biological activities.
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In Vivo Nutritional Assessment of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Capacity of Its Functional Extracts. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050318. [PMID: 35621969 PMCID: PMC9147351 DOI: 10.3390/md20050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis gaditana is a microalga with interesting nutritional and functional value due to its high content of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. However, the hardness of its cell wall prevents accessibility to these components. This work aimed to study the effect of a treatment to increase the fragility of the cell wall on the bioavailability of its nutrients and functional compounds. The antioxidant and antiproliferative capacity of functional extracts from treated and untreated N. gaditana was assessed, and the profile of bioactive compounds was characterized. Furthermore, to study the effect of treatment on its nutrient availability and functional capacity, an in vivo experiment was carried out using a rat experimental model and a 20% dietary inclusion level of microalgae. Functional extracts from treated N. gaditana exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the untreated control. Furthermore, the treated microalga induced hypoglycemic action, higher nitrogen digestibility, and increased hepatic antioxidant activity. In conclusion, N. gaditana has interesting hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential, thus proving itself an ideal functional food candidate, especially if the microalga is treated to increase the fragility of its cell wall before consumption.
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Duan J, Chen C, Li H, Ju G, Gao A, Sun Y, Zhang W. Multifaceted Protective Effects of Hesperidin by Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor in Endothelial Cell Injury Induced by Benzo[a]Pyrene. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030574. [PMID: 35276933 PMCID: PMC8838654 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) causes atherosclerosis by activating the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway to trigger lipid peroxidation and inflammation, thereby promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Hesperidin (Hsd), one of the 60 flavonoids of citrus, exhibits therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. However, its antagonistic function for BaP remains unclear. In this study, the EA.hy926 cell model was used to systematically examine the antagonistic effect of Hsd with BaP, especially in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and transport. Results showed that Hsd could reduce BaP-induced AHR activation in mRNA and protein expression level, and reduce LDL accumulation by decreasing the BaP-induced expression of advanced glycation end products and enhancing the BaP-inhibited Adenosine Triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein and mRNA expression in EA.hy926 cells. In addition, Hsd could antagonize BaP-induced interaction of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent generation of oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde. Finally, Hsd could alleviate BaP-induced inflammatory response by decreasing IL-1β and TNF-α expression. All these results suggest that Hsd suppresses LDL accumulation, oxidation, and inflammatory response, and thus strongly impedes the AHR pathway activated by BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gaoyan Ju
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Correspondence:
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Mahmoud AM, Sayed AM, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Hassanein EHM. The role of flavonoids in inhibiting IL-6 and inflammatory arthritis. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:746-768. [PMID: 34994311 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220107105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints. RA has well-known clinical manifestations and can cause progressive disability and premature death along with socioeconomic burdens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathology of RA where it can stimulate pannus formation, osteoclastogenesis, and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are plant metabolites with beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and others. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a variety of plants, vegetables, and fruits. Many flavonoids have demonstrated anti-arthritic activity mediated mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review thoroughly discusses the accumulate data on the role of flavonoids on IL-6 in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
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A Novel Pathway of Flavonoids Protecting against Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Modulating Enteroendocrine System. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010031. [PMID: 35050153 PMCID: PMC8777795 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a comprehensive term for chronic or relapsing inflammatory diseases occurring in the intestinal tract, generally including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Presently, the pathogenesis of IBD is unknown, yet multiple factors have been reported to be related with the development of IBD. Flavonoids are phytochemicals with biological activity, which are ubiquitously distributed in edible plants, such as fruits and vegetables. Recent studies have demonstrated impressively that flavonoids have anti-IBD effects through multiple mechanisms. These include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions; the preservation of the epithelial barrier integrity, the intestinal immunomodulatory property, and the shaping microbiota composition and function. In addition, a few studies have shown the impact of flavonoids on enterohormones release; nonetheless, there is hardly any work showing the link between flavonoids, enterohormones release and IBD. So far, the interaction between flavonoids, enterohormones and IBD is elucidated for the first time in this review. Furthermore, the inference can be drawn that flavonoids may protect against IBD through modulating enterohormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors), ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK). In conclusion, this manuscript explores a possible mechanism of flavonoids protecting against IBD.
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Capparis spinosa Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1227876. [PMID: 34956375 PMCID: PMC8695000 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1227876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Here, the potential effects of Capparis spinosa water extract (CSWE) on colonic histopathology, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC mice were evaluated. Our results showed that CSWE treatment improved the colonic histopathology of UC mice, increased the levels of tight junction protein gene ZO-1 and Occludin in intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Furthermore, CSWE administration alleviated oxidative stress in the colon of UC mice. The effects of CSWE on the compositions and metabolomic profiles of the gut microbiota in UC mice were investigated. It was found that CSWE could enhance the diversity of gut microbes and the abundance of probiotics and metabonomics had the strongest association with Firmicutes. Our results indicated that CSWE might be an ideal candidate as a potential therapeutic natural product for the treatment of UC.
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Zhang P, Su L, Ma F, Ji X, Su Y, Yue Q, Zhao C, Zhang S, Sun X, Zhao L. Weilan gum oligosaccharide ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium‑induced experimental ulcerative colitis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:52. [PMID: 34913079 PMCID: PMC8711021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a global disease, characterized by periods of relapse that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Oligosaccharides are considered to be a prospective strategy to alleviate the symptoms of UC. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of weilan gum oligosaccharide (WLGO) on a mouse UC model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). WLGO structural physical properties were characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and fourier tansform infrared spectroscopy. MTT assays were performed to evaluate the non‑toxic concentration of WLGO. RT‑qPCR and ELISAs were conducted to determine the levels of inflammatory factors. The clinical symptoms and mucosal integrity of the DSS‑induced UC model were assessed by DAI and histological assessment. LPS‑induced Caco‑2 cells and DSS‑induced UC mice were used to explore the effects of WLGO on UC. Treatment of the mice with 4.48 g/kg/day WLGO via gavage for 7 days significantly relieved the symptoms of DSS‑induced UC model mice, whereas significant effects were not observed for all symptoms of DSS‑induced UC in the WLGO‑low group. The disease activity index score was decreased and the loss of body weight was reduced in DSS‑induced UC model mice treated with WLGO. Moreover, colonic damage and abnormally short colon length shortenings were relieved following WLGO treatment. WLGO treatment also reduced the concentration and mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‑1β, interleukin‑6 and tumor necrosis factor α, in DSS‑induced UC model mice and lipopolysaccharide‑treated Caco‑2 cells. These results indicated that WLGO may be an effective strategy for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Feifan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Yue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research and Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.R. China
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Flavonoids against non-physiologic inflammation attributed to cancer initiation, development, and progression—3PM pathways. EPMA J 2021; 12:559-587. [PMID: 34950252 PMCID: PMC8648878 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInflammation is an essential pillar of the immune defense. On the other hand, chronic inflammation is considered a hallmark of cancer initiation and progression. Chronic inflammation demonstrates a potential to induce complex changes at molecular, cellular, and organ levels including but not restricted to the stagnation and impairment of healing processes, uncontrolled production of aggressive ROS/RNS, triggered DNA mutations and damage, compromised efficacy of the DNA repair machinery, significantly upregulated cytokine/chemokine release and associated patho-physiologic protein synthesis, activated signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, abnormal tissue remodeling, and created pre-metastatic niches, among others. The anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids demonstrate clinically relevant potential as preventive and therapeutic agents to improve individual outcomes in diseases linked to the low-grade systemic and chronic inflammation, including cancers. To this end, flavonoids are potent modulators of pro-inflammatory gene expression being, therefore, of great interest as agents selectively suppressing molecular targets within pro-inflammatory pathways. This paper provides in-depth analysis of anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids, highlights corresponding mechanisms and targeted molecular pathways, and proposes potential treatment models for multi-level cancer prevention in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM). To this end, individualized profiling and patient stratification are essential for implementing targeted anti-inflammatory approaches. Most prominent examples are presented for the proposed application of flavonoid-conducted anti-inflammatory treatments in overall cancer management.
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Protective Effect of Salvianolic Acid B in Acetic Acid-Induced Experimental Colitis in a Mouse Model. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In its prominent experimental studies salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is novel because of its well-defined, common physiological effects, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, cardioprotective, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activity in experimental animals. Initially, Sal B was studied for its anti-inflammatory properties, used as a remedy for a wide range of disease conditions, but its specific efficacy on inflammatory bowel disease is still unclear. The aim of this current study was to understand the therapeutic potential of Sal B in an acetic acid (AA)—triggered experimental mouse colitis model. Colitis was triggered by intrarectal injection of 5% AA, and then laboratory animals were given Sal B (10, 20 and 40 μg/kg) for seven days. The ulcerated colonic mucosa was assessed by clinical experiment, macroscopical, biological and histopathological analysis. The results showed depleted SOD, CAT, GSH levels and consequential elevated MPO and MDA levels and aberrant crypt foci and mast cells were seen in the AA-induced colonic mucosa of experimental animals. The data obtained from this study demonstrate that a dose of 40 µg/kg showed an efficacious anti-ulcer effect against AA-induced experimental colitis. Based on its antioxidant efficacy, Sal B may therefore be useful as a therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis.
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Saccharomyces boulardii Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating NF- κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1622375. [PMID: 34367460 PMCID: PMC8342159 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1622375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) is a probiotic yeast that is widely used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The present study is aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of S. boulardii on dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced murine ulcerative colitis (UC) and illustrate the mechanisms of action. C57BL/6 mice were administered S. boulardii (105 and 107 CFU/ml, p.o.) for 3 weeks and then given DSS [2.5% (w/v)] for one week. Administration of S. boulardii prevented DSS-induced reduction in body weight, diarrhea, bloody feces, decreased colon length, and loss of histological structure. Moreover, S. boulardii protected the intestinal barrier by increasing the levels of tight junction proteins zona occludens-1 and Occludin and exerted immunomodulatory effects in DSS-induced mice. Furthermore, S. boulardii suppressed the colonic inflammation by reducing the levels of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha and restored myeloperoxidase activity in mice exposed to DSS. S. boulardii also mitigated colonic oxidative damage by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and heme oxygenase 1) and glutathione and decreasing malondialdehyde accumulation. Further studies identified that S. boulardii suppressed the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit by decreasing IκKα/β levels, while promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in DSS-exposed mice. Collectively, S. boulardii possessed an appreciable therapeutic effect against the experimental mice model of UC. The protective mechanism of S. boulardii may involve inhibition of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory signaling and activation of Nrf2-modulated antioxidant defense in addition to intestinal barrier protective and immunomodulatory effects.
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