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de Sousa NF, Duarte GD, Moraes CB, Barbosa CG, Martin HJ, Muratov NN, do Nascimento YM, Scotti L, de Freitas-Júnior LHG, Filho JMB, Scotti MT. In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Terpenes from the Fabaceae Family Using the Phenotypic Screening Model against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:912. [PMID: 39065609 PMCID: PMC11279753 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the emergence of the seventh known coronavirus to cause severe illness in humans triggered a global effort towards the development of new drugs and vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These efforts are still ongoing in 2024, including the present work where we conducted a ligand-based virtual screening of terpenes with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. We constructed a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model from compounds with known activity against SARS-CoV-2 with a model accuracy of 0.71. We utilized this model to predict the activity of a series of 217 terpenes isolated from the Fabaceae family. Four compounds, predominantly triterpenoids from the lupane series, were subjected to an in vitro phenotypic screening in Vero CCL-81 cells to assess their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2. The compounds which showed high rates of SARS-CoV-2 inhibition along with substantial cell viability underwent molecular docking at the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease, spike protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Overall, virtual screening through our QSAR model successfully identified compounds with the highest probability of activity, as validated using the in vitro study. This confirms the potential of the identified triterpenoids as promising candidates for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (N.F.d.S.); (Y.M.d.N.); (L.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Gabrielly Diniz Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Innovation of Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil;
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.d.F.-J.)
| | - Cecília Gomes Barbosa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.d.F.-J.)
| | - Holli-Joi Martin
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Nail N. Muratov
- Department of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, 65000 Odessa, Ukraine;
- A. V. Bogatsky Physical-Chemical Institute of NASU, 65047 Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (N.F.d.S.); (Y.M.d.N.); (L.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (N.F.d.S.); (Y.M.d.N.); (L.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | | | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (N.F.d.S.); (Y.M.d.N.); (L.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (N.F.d.S.); (Y.M.d.N.); (L.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
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da Costa Miranda AL, da Paixão ART, Pedroso AO, do Espírito Santo Lima L, Parente AT, Botelho EP, Polaro SHI, de Oliveira E Silva AC, Reis RK, Ferreira GRON. Demographic, social, and clinical aspects associated with access to COVID-19 health care in Pará province, Brazilian Amazon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8776. [PMID: 38627601 PMCID: PMC11021420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Internal social disparities in the Brazilian Amazon became more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this work was to examine the demographic, social and clinical factors associated with access to COVID-19 health care in Pará Province in the Brazilian Amazon. This was an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study using a quantitative method through an online survey conducted from May to August 2023. People were eligible to participate if they were current residents of Pará, 18-years-old or older, with self-reported diagnoses of COVID-19 through rapid or laboratory tests. Participants completed an electronic survey was developed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software-The adapted questionnaire "COVID-19 Global Clinical Platform: Case Report Form for Post-COVID Condition". Questions focused on access to COVID-19 treatment, demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccine and clinical characteristics. Respondent-driven sampling was applied to recruit participants. Multiple logistic regression was utilized to identify the associated factors. Overall, a total of 638 participants were included. The average age was 31.1 years. Access to COVID-19 health care was 68.65% (438/638). The participants most likely to access health care were those with moderate or severe COVID-19 (p = 0.000; OR: 19.8) and females (p = 0.001; OR: 1.99). Moreover, participants who used homemade tea or herbal medicines were less likely to receive health care for COVID-19 in health services (p = 0.002; OR: 0.54). Ensuring access to healthcare is important in a pandemic scenario.
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Grants
- 12/2021 support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program - Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- 12/2021 support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program - Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- 12/2021 support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program - Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- 12/2021 support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program - Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- 12/2021 support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program - Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- 12/2021 support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program - Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- 12/2021 support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program - Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- PAPQ/UFPA 2024 Pós- graduação of the Federal University of Para, Support Program for qualified production -2024 (PAPQ-2024, in Portuguese)
- PAPQ/UFPA 2024 Pós- graduação of the Federal University of Para, Support Program for qualified production -2024 (PAPQ-2024, in Portuguese)
- PAPQ/UFPA 2024 Pós- graduação of the Federal University of Para, Support Program for qualified production -2024 (PAPQ-2024, in Portuguese)
- PAPQ/UFPA 2024 Pós- graduação of the Federal University of Para, Support Program for qualified production -2024 (PAPQ-2024, in Portuguese)
- PAPQ/UFPA 2024 Pós- graduação of the Federal University of Para, Support Program for qualified production -2024 (PAPQ-2024, in Portuguese)
- PAPQ/UFPA 2024 Pós- graduação of the Federal University of Para, Support Program for qualified production -2024 (PAPQ-2024, in Portuguese)
- support from Emergency selection IV No. 12/2021 of the Postgraduate Development Program – Impacts of the Pandemic belonging to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey Oeiras Pedroso
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-092, Brasil
| | | | | | - Eliã Pinheiro Botelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brasil
| | | | | | - Renata Karina Reis
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-092, Brasil
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Pronina Y, Belozertseva O, Nabiyeva Z, Pirozzi A, Carpentieri S, Ferrari G, Bazylkhanova E, Burlyayeva A. Enhancing nutritional value and health benefits of gluten-free confectionery products: innovative pastilles and marshmallows. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1321004. [PMID: 38283910 PMCID: PMC10811032 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1321004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The research focuses on enhancing the nutritional value and potential health benefits of gluten-free confectionery products, developing innovative pastilles and marshmallows enriched with medicinal herb extracts, probiotics, and bioactive compounds from natural sources. Methods Physicochemical properties, including water activity, texture, and color, are assessed to evaluate the quality of the final products. Moreover, in vitro digestibility of the confectionery products is also investigated, with a focus on the release of bioactive compounds such as total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total anthocyanin (TAC) during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Results and discussion Results indicate that the addition of specific ingredients to pastille samples does not lead to variations in water activity (~0.44), preserving the original properties, quality, and stability of the food. In contrast, the incorporation of additives in marshmallow products significantly increases water activity (p ≤ 0.05), attributed to their moisture-retaining effect. In general, our findings reveal that texture properties and color parameters are significantly affected by different formulations (p ≤ 0.05) for both confectionery products. Notably, the use of fruit and berries puree, along with the incorporation of additives, improves the functionality of confectionary products in terms of consumer acceptance (harder pastilles and softer marshmallow) and product quality. Furthermore, the study reveals that bioactive compounds are released and become more bioaccessible during digestion, particularly in the intestinal phase, with a maximum release exceeding 97% of TPC and TAC for both pastille and marshmallow samples. These findings pave the way for the development of a new category of gluten-free confectionery products, enriched with functional ingredients that offer potential health benefits, aligning with consumer preferences for natural, functional, and health-conscious treats. This research contributes to the evolving the landscape of functional confectionery products and underscores their potential as immune-boosting and naturally based food options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pronina
- Department of Food Technology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Belozertseva
- Department of Food Technology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Nabiyeva
- Department of Food Technology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Annachiara Pirozzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Serena Carpentieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- ProdAl Scarl, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Elmira Bazylkhanova
- Department of Food Technology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Alagarsamy V, Solomon VR, Murugesan S, Sundar PS, Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman MD, Chandu A, Aishwarya AD, Narendhar B, Sulthana MT, Ravikumar V. In Silico Screening of Some Active Phytochemicals to Identify Promising Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 Targets. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:73-89. [PMID: 37861016 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638243222230920051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are very few small-molecule drug candidates developed against SARS-CoV-2 that have been revealed since the epidemic began in November 2019. The typical medicinal chemistry discovery approach requires more than a decade of the year of painstaking research and development and a significant financial guarantee, which is not feasible in the challenge of the current epidemic. OBJECTIVE This current study proposes to find and identify the most effective and promising phytomolecules against SARS-CoV-2 in six essential proteins (3CL protease, Main protease, Papain- Like protease, N-protein RNA binding domain, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and Spike receptor binding domain target through in silico screening of 63 phytomolecules from six different Ayurveda medicinal plants. METHODS The phytomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 proteins were taken from public domain databases such as PubChem and RCSB Protein Data Bank. For in silico screening, the molecular interactions, binding energy, and ADMET properties were investigated. RESULTS The structure-based molecular docking reveals some molecules' greater affinity towards the target than the co-crystal ligand. Our results show that tannic acid, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, zeaxanthin, and carbolactone are phytomolecules capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 target proteins in the least energy conformations. Tannic acid had the least binding energy of -8.8 kcal/mol, which is better than the binding energy of its corresponding co-crystal ligand (-7.5 kcal/mol) against 3 CL protease. Also, it has shown the least binding energy of -9.9 kcal/mol with a more significant number of conventional hydrogen bond interactions against the RdRp target. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside showed binding energy values of -8.8 and -7.6 kcal/mol against Main protease and Papain-like protease, respectively. Zeaxanthin was the top candidate in the N protein RBD with a binding score of - 8.4 kcal/mol, which is slightly better when compared to a co-crystal ligand (-8.2 kcal/mol). In the spike, carbolactone was the suitable candidate with the binding energy of -7.2 kcal/mol and formed a conventional hydrogen bond and two hydrophobic interactions. The best binding affinity-scored phytomolecules were selected for the MD simulations studies. CONCLUSION The present in silico screening study suggested that active phytomolecules from medicinal plants could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 targets. The elite docked compounds with drug-like properties have a harmless ADMET profile, which may help to develop promising COVID-19 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alagarsamy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - V Raja Solomon
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - S Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - P Shyam Sundar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | | | - A Chandu
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - A Dharshini Aishwarya
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - B Narendhar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - M T Sulthana
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy, Gr. Hyderabad, 502 294, India
| | - V Ravikumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, MNR College of Pharmacy, Sangareddy - 502 294, Gr. Hyderabad, India
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Moyo AA, Jagadhane KS, Bhosale SR, Patil DN, Shimpale VB, Anbhule PV. Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Stemodia viscosa Roxb. of Western Ghats Region, India. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300332. [PMID: 37461844 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows the chemical profile, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects of Stemodia viscosa extracts. Thirteen bioactive compounds were identified in the 80 % ethanolic extract by GC/MS analysis. The acetone extract exhibited a higher content of flavonoids and phenols of 805.10 μg QE/mg DW and 89.31 μg GAE/mg DW extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the acetone extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 =9.96 μg/mL). The 80 % ethanolic extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity; the highest activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition of 25±0.51 mm, MIC value of 4 mg/mL, and MBC value of 8 mg/mL. The antiproliferative results revealed the presence of anticancer activity with an IC50 =91.562 and 74.362 μg/mL against the B16F10 skin and COLO205 colon cancer cells, respectively. The flow cytometric analysis shows that the plant extracts cause cancer cell death through the induction of apoptosis. Our findings confirmed that Stemodia viscosa is a potential source of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredi A Moyo
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Kishor S Jagadhane
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Sneha R Bhosale
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Devashree N Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India-, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Vinod B Shimpale
- Department of Botany, The New College, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
| | - Prashant V Anbhule
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra-India
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Paul V, Tripathi AD, Agarwal A, Mahato DK, Srivastava K, Maurya KK. Herbs-derived phytochemicals - a boon for combating COVID-19. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37359125 PMCID: PMC10013230 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-023-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), has put the whole world on alert with the threat of the virus that targets the human respiratory system. The disease has affected more than 633.6 million people globally and caused 6.5 million deaths since November 18, 2022. About 12.94 billion people are vaccinated as of November 18, 2022. Due to varied climatic conditions, SARS-CoV-2 has shown rapid mutation in recent years. Because of the lack of appropriate therapeutic drugs, inadequate diagnostic mechanisms, life-supporting medical facilities, and lack of awareness, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has become severe. Thus, the most efficient strategy to control this disease is to follow preventive measures. However, treating SARS-CoV-2 cases in Wuhan using traditional Chinese herbs has set an example to show how traditional health can contribute to treating this novel virus. Medicinal herbs are known for their antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, immunoadjuvant, and anti-inflammatory properties. These medicinal herbs are used during cooking and consumed regularly worldwide. In this view, medicinal herbs gained evident attention. These herbs can serve as a potential and economical remedy for combating the lethal effects of COVID-19. The present review highlights the phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42535-023-00601-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Paul
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food & Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, Sikandra Road, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125 VIC Australia
| | - Kartikeya Srivastava
- Department of Plant Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Gandhi Y, Mishra SK, Rawat H, Grewal J, Kumar R, Shakya SK, Jain VK, Babu G, Singh A, Singh R, Acharya R, Kumar V. Phytomedicines explored under in vitro and in silico studies against coronavirus: An opportunity to develop traditional medicines. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2022; 151:451-483. [PMID: 35530267 PMCID: PMC9057940 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The widespread COVID-19 pandemic, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emanated as one of the most life-threatening transmissible diseases. Currently, the repurposed drugs such as remdesivir, azithromycine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine are being employed in the management of COVID-19 but their adverse effects are a matter of concern. In this regard, alternative treatment options i.e., traditional medicine, medicinal plants, and their phytochemicals, which exhibit significant therapeutic efficacy and show a low toxicity profile, are being explored. The current review aims at unraveling the promising medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and traditional medicines against SARS-CoV-2 to discover phytomedicines for the management of COVID-19 on the basis of their potent antiviral activities against coronaviruses, as demonstrated in various biochemical and computational chemical biology studies. The review consists of integrative and updated information on the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and will facilitate researchers to develop traditional medicines for the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Sujeet K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Jyotika Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Santosh K Shakya
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - G Babu
- Department of Ayurveda, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Rabinarayan Acharya
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
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8
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Simbala HEI, Nurkolis F, Mayulu N, Rotty LWA. Metabolites of Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) Fruit Extract: A Metabolite Profiling Study. F1000Res 2022; 10:1021. [PMID: 38107666 PMCID: PMC10724647 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73758.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pinang yaki has bioactive compounds that have potential as a new herbal supplement. A better understanding of the bioactive compounds of pinang yaki using untargeted metabolomic profiling studies will provide clearer insight into the health benefits of pinang yaki and in particular its potential for the therapy and prevention of Covid-19. Methods: Fresh samples of pinang yaki ( Areca vestiaria) are obtained from forests in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Samples were used for untargeted metabolomics analysis by UPLC-MS. Results: Based on an untargeted metabolomic profiling study of pinang yaki, 2504 compounds in ESI- and 2645 compounds in ESI+ were successfully obtained. After the analysis, 356 compounds in ESI- and 543 compounds in ESI+ were identified successfully. Major compounds Alpha-Chlorohydrin (PubChem ID: 7290) and Tagatose (PubChem ID: 439312) were found in ESI+ and ESI-. Discussion: The Top 10 metabolites from pinang yaki extract (ESI+) juga have been indicated in preventing SARS Cov2 infection and have exhibited good neuroprotective immunity. Benzothiazole (PubChem ID: 7222), L-isoleucine (PubChem ID: 6306), D-glucono-delta-lactone (PubChem ID: 736), Diethylpyrocarbonate (PubChem ID: 3051), Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) amine (PubChem ID: 7791), Cinnamic acid (PubChem ID: 444539), and Trigonelline (PubChem ID: 5570) also had potential effects as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Covid19. Conclusion: Untargeted metabolomic profiling showed many bioactive compounds contained in pinang yaki ( Areca vestiaria) extract. The top 10 compounds have been identified and explored for their potential benefits as anti-Covid19 supplement products. This is a preliminary study which still needs further research such as preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta), Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Mayulu
- Food and Nutrition, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, 95115, Indonesia
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New Insights into Dietary Pterostilbene: Sources, Metabolism, and Health Promotion Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196316. [PMID: 36234852 PMCID: PMC9571692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTS), a compound most abundantly found in blueberries, is a natural analog of resveratrol. Several plant species, such as peanuts and grapes, produce PTS. While resveratrol has been extensively studied for its antioxidant properties, recent evidence also points out the diverse therapeutic potential of PTS. Several studies have identified the robust pharmacodynamic features of PTS, including better intestinal absorption and elevated hepatic stability than resveratrol. Indeed, due to its higher bioavailability paired with reduced toxicity compared to other stilbenes, PTS has become an attractive drug candidate for the treatment of several disease conditions, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. This review article provides an extensive summary of the nutraceutical potential of PTS in various disease conditions while discussing the crucial mechanistic pathways implicated. In particular, we share insights from our studies about the Nrf2-mediated effect of PTS in diabetes and associated complications. Moreover, we elucidate the important sources of PTS and discuss in detail its pharmacokinetics and the range of formulations and routes of administration used across experimental studies and human clinical trials. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the strategies successfully used to improve dietary availability and the bio-accessibility of PTS.
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Choque-Rivera TJ. Phenolic compounds versus SARS-CoV-2: An update on the main findings against COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10702. [PMID: 36157310 PMCID: PMC9484857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains an international concern. Although there are drugs to fight it, new natural alternatives such as polyphenols are essential due to their antioxidant activity and high antiviral potential. In this context, this review reports the main findings on the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. First, the proven activity of PCs against different human viruses is briefly detailed, which serves as a starting point to study their anti-COVID-19 potential. SARS-CoV-2 targets (its proteins) are defined. Findings from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies of a wide variety of phenolic compounds are shown, emphasizing their mechanism of action, which is fundamental for drug design. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCs in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against COVID-19. The results were complemented with information on the influence of polyphenols in strengthening/modulating the immune system. It is recommended to investigate compounds such as vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, triterpenes and fatty acids, and their synergistic use with PCs, many of which have been successful against SARS-CoV-2. Based on findings on other viruses, synergistic evaluation of PCs with accepted drugs against COVID-19 is also suggested. Other recommendations and limitations are also shown, which is useful for professionals involved in the development of efficient, safe and low-cost therapeutic strategies based on plant matrices rich in PCs. To the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first to evaluate the relationship between the antiviral and immunomodulatory (including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects) activity of PCs and their underlying mechanisms in relation to the fight against COVID-19. It is also of interest for the general population to be informed about the importance of consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds for their health benefits. Phenolic compounds are known for their high potential against various human viruses. Phenolic compounds also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Medicinal plants used against COVID-19 are rich in phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds interfere with the activity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. A wide variety of food products with high polyphenolic content are presented.
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Feng T, Zhang M, Xu Q, Song F, Wang L, Gai S, Tang H, Wang S, Zhou L, Li H. Exploration of molecular targets and mechanisms of Chinese medicinal formula Acacia Catechu -Scutellariae Radix in the treatment of COVID-19 by a systems pharmacology strategy. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4210-4229. [PMID: 35859316 PMCID: PMC9349561 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In China, the Acacia catechu (AC)‐Scutellariae Radix (SR) formula has been widely used for pulmonary infection in clinical practice for several centuries. However, the potential role and mechanisms of this formula against COVID‐19 remains unclear. The present study was designed to dissect the active ingredients, molecular targets, and the therapeutic mechanisms of AC‐SR formula in the treatment of COVID‐19 based on a systems pharmacology strategy integrated by ADME screening, target prediction, network analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Finally, Quercetin, Fisetin(1‐), kaempferol, Wogonin, Beta‐sitosterol, Baicalein, Skullcapflavone II, Stigmasterol were primarily screened to be the potentially effective active ingredients against COVID‐19. The hub‐proteins were TP53, JUN, ESR1, MAPK1, Akt1, HSP90AA1, TNF, IL‐6, SRC, and RELA. The potential mechanisms of AC‐SR formula in the treatment of COVID‐19 were the TNF signaling pathway, PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and IL‐17 signaling pathway, etc. Furthermore, virtual docking revealed that baicalein, (+)‐catechin and fisetin(1‐) exhibited high affinity to SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro, which has validated by the FRET‐based enzymatic inhibitory assays with the IC50 of 11.3, 23.8, and 44.1 μM, respectively. And also, a concentration‐dependent inhibition of baicalein, quercetin and (+)‐catechin against SARS‐CoV‐2 ACE2 was observed with the IC50 of 138.2, 141.3, and 348.4 μM, respectively. These findings suggested AC‐SR formula exerted therapeutic effects involving “multi‐compounds and multi‐targets.” It might be working through directly inhibiting the virus, improving immune function, and reducing the inflammatory in response to anti‐COVID‐19. Ultimately, this study would provide new perspective for discovering potential drugs and mechanisms against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Libin Wang
- School of Medicine, Shaanxi Energy Institute, Xianyang, China
| | - Shouchang Gai
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Ćavar Zeljković S, Schadich E, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Tarkowski P. Antiviral Activity of Selected Lamiaceae Essential Oils and Their Monoterpenes Against SARS-Cov-2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893634. [PMID: 35586050 PMCID: PMC9108200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the very first report on the in vitro antiviral activity of selected essential oils of Lamiaceae plant species and their monoterpenes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nineteen essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of dried plant material, and their monoterpene profiles were determined. In addition, the exact concentrations of each monoterpene that were found at a significant level were defined. Both essential oils and their monoterpene components were tested for cytotoxic and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero 76 cells. The results showed that the essential oils of four Mentha species, i.e., M. aquatica L. cv. Veronica, M. pulegium L., M. microphylla K.Koch, and M. x villosa Huds., but also Micromeria thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch and Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., and five different monoterpenes, i.e., carvacrol, carvone, 1,8-cineol, menthofuran, and pulegone, inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 replication in the infected cells. However, the antiviral activity varied both among essential oils and monoterpenes. Carvone and carvacrol exhibited moderate antiviral activity with IC50 concentrations of 80.23 ± 6.07 μM and 86.55 ± 12.73 μM, respectively, while the other monoterpenes were less active (IC50 > 100.00 μM). Structure-activity relations of related monoterpenes showed that the presence of keto and hydroxyl groups is associated with the activity of carvone and carvacrol, respectively. Furthermore, the carvone-rich essential oil of M. x villosa had the greatest activity among all active essential oils (IC50 127.00 ± 4.63 ppm) while the other active oils exhibited mild (140 ppm < IC50 < 200 ppm) to weak antiviral activity (IC50 > 200 ppm). Both essential oils and monoterpenes showed limited or no cytotoxicity against Vero 76 cells. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the differences in the antiviral activity of essential oils were directly attributed to the antiviral efficacies of their particular single monoterpenes. The findings presented here on the novel antiviral property of plant essential oils and monoterpenes might be used in the development of different measures against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Sanja Ćavar Zeljković, ,
| | - Ermin Schadich
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Ali S, Alam M, Khatoon F, Fatima U, Elasbali AM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI, Snoussi M, De Feo V. Natural products can be used in therapeutic management of COVID-19: Probable mechanistic insights. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112658. [PMID: 35066300 PMCID: PMC8769927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unexpected emergence of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than three hundred million individuals and resulted in more than five million deaths worldwide. The ongoing pandemic has underscored the urgent need for effective preventive and therapeutic measures to develop anti-viral therapy. The natural compounds possess various pharmaceutical properties and are reported as effective anti-virals. The interest to develop an anti-viral drug against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from natural compounds has increased globally. Here, we investigated the anti-viral potential of selected promising natural products. Sources of data for this paper are current literature published in the context of therapeutic uses of phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action published in various reputed peer-reviewed journals. An extensive literature survey was done and data were critically analyzed to get deeper insights into the mechanism of action of a few important phytoconstituents. The consumption of natural products such as thymoquinone, quercetin, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, ellagic acid, vanillin, thymol, and rosmarinic acid could improve our immune response and thus possesses excellent therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the anti-viral functions of various phytoconstituent and alkaloids and their potential therapeutic implications against SARS-CoV-2. Our comprehensive analysis provides mechanistic insights into phytoconstituents to restrain viral infection and provide a better solution through natural, therapeutically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fatima Khatoon
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Urooj Fatima
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Italy.
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In Silico Screening of Potential Phytocompounds from Several Herbs against SARS-CoV-2 Indian Delta Variant B.1.617.2 to Inhibit the Spike Glycoprotein Trimer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage was discovered in India. It has since become a prominent variant in several Indian regions and 156 countries, including the United States of America. The lineage B.1.617.2 is termed the delta variant, harboring diverse spike mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which may heighten its immune evasion potentiality and cause it to be more transmissible than other variants. As a result, it has sparked substantial scientific investigation into the development of effective vaccinations and anti-viral drugs. Several efforts have been made to examine ancient medicinal herbs known for their health benefits and immune-boosting action against SARS-CoV-2, including repurposing existing FDA-approved anti-viral drugs. No efficient anti-viral drugs are available against the SARS-CoV-2 Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. In this study, efforts were made to shed light on the potential of 603 phytocompounds from 22 plant species to inhibit the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. We also compared these compounds with the standard drug ceftriaxone, which was already suggested as a beneficial drug in COVID-19 treatment; these compounds were compared with other FDA-approved drugs: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, lopinavir, and ritonavir. From the analysis, the identified phytocompounds acteoside (−7.3 kcal/mol) and verbascoside (−7.1 kcal/mol), from the plants Clerodendrum serratum and Houttuynia cordata, evidenced a strong inhibitory effect against the mutated NTD (MT-NTD). In addition, the phytocompounds kanzonol V (−6.8 kcal/mol), progeldanamycin (−6.4 kcal/mol), and rhodoxanthin (−7.5 kcal/mol), from the plant Houttuynia cordata, manifested significant prohibition against RBD. Nevertheless, the standard drug, ceftriaxone, signals less inhibitory effect against MT-NTD and RBD with binding affinities of −6.3 kcal/mol and −6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. In this study, we also emphasized the pharmacological properties of the plants, which contain the screened phytocompounds. Our research could be used as a lead for future drug design to develop anti-viral drugs, as well as for preening the Siddha formulation to control the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2 and other future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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