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Arora A, Sharma K, Tripathi SK. Impact of luminescent MoSe 2 quantum dots on activity of trypsin under different pH environment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:122958. [PMID: 37406547 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
It is vital that a straightforward detection approach for trypsin should be developed as it is important diagnostic tool for a number of diseases. Herein, the impact of luminescent MoSe2 quantum dots on trypsin activity under different pH environment has been studied. Addition of trypsin to MoSe2 quantum dots enhanced the fluorescence of quantum dots whereas quantum dots resulted in quenching of fluorescence of trypsin. The quenching behavior at various pH and temperature was examined and revealed that the MoSe2-trypsin complex stabilized through the electrostatic interactions. The obtained negative values of zeta potential of the complex -0.11 mV, -0.30 mV and -0.59 mV for pH 6.0,7.6 and 9.0 respectively confirmed the stability of the complex. The separation between the donor and acceptor atoms in energy transfer mechanism was found to decrease (1.48 nm to 1.44 nm to 1.30 nm) with increasing value of pH. It was also evident that trypsin retained its enzyme activity in the trypsin-MoSe2 complex and under different pH environment. The Vant Hoff plot from quenching revealed 1 binding site for quantum dots by trypsin for all pH of buffer solution. The complex formation of trypsin-MoSe2 quantum dots was verified for the first time using fluorescence spectroscopy and it revealed that tryspin form complex with MoSe2 quantum dots through electrostatic interactions. Our results revealed that the MoSe2 quantum dots stabilized and sheltered the active sites of trypsin, which was likely the cause of the increased bioavailability of MoSe2 quantum dots in enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Arora
- Centre of Advanced Study in Physics, Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kriti Sharma
- Department of Physics, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector 32-C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
| | - S K Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Physics, Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Seth R, Meena A, Meena R. Enzyme-based green synthesis, characterisation, and toxicity studies of cellulose nanocrystals/fibres produced from the Vetiveria zizanioides roots agro-waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116984-116999. [PMID: 36484940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vetiver zizanioides roots are considered the most useful part of the plant. It is widely used to extract oil. The aromatic oil is used in perfumery, food-flavouring and cosmetic industries. However, presently, there are no reports available for the usage of vetiver roots agro-waste after oil extraction in nano-based products. Considering the concept of value-added products and green-chemistry approaches, synthesising cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) using enzymatic treatment from agro-waste has emerged as a viable option. CNP's non-toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility have sparked the industry's interest in its production. Therefore, in the present study, 3 enzymes, cellulase, pectinase, and viscozymes, were used for the green synthesis of CNP. The characterisation of CNP was done using techniques like DLS, FTIR, TEM, SEM, AFM, and TG/DTG, and cytotoxicity of CNP was studied in human skin cell-line (HaCaT) using MTT assay. Results show that CNPs synthesised using viscozyme and pectinase were of crystalline nature (2.0-3.0 nm) and cellulase were of fibres (40-60 nm). The FTIR confirmed that CNPs were devoid of lignin/hemicellulose. The AFM pictures revealed thick and thin nanoparticles with a variety of morphologies. The thermal stability of cellulose was higher compared to CNP. All the synthesised CNPs were crystaline, with a 60-70% crystallinity index. Furthermore, CNP did not show cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells upto 500 µg/mL concentrations. In conclusion, pectinase and viscosyme may be used for synthesing cellulose-nanocrystals and cellulase enzyme for cellulose-nanofibers from the vetiver roots agro-waste. The findings revealed that Vetiveria zizanioides agro-waste-derived CNP is a sustainable material that can be used as a reinforcing agent/nanocarrier in textile and drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Seth
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Discipline, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
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An X, Wu W, Yang L, Dong J, Liu B, Guo J, Chen J, Guo B, Cao W, Jiang Q. ZBTB7C m6A modification incurred by METTL3 aberration promotes osteosarcoma progression. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00072-5. [PMID: 37121538 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNAs contributes significantly to the epigenetic tumorigenesis, however, its precise role and the key targets in osteosarcoma (OS) are not defined. Here we reported that selective METTL3 (methyltransferase like 3) elevation and the consequential increase of m6A modification causally affect OS progression. The fast-growing OS cells displayed preferential upregulation of METTL3 and increased m6A modification. Conversely, m6A inhibition by 3-deazaadenosine, siRNA-mediated METTL3 knockdown or a METTL3-selective inhibitor by STM2457 effectively inhibits OS cell growth and induced OS cell apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that an oncogenic protein ZBTB7C was likely a critical m6A target that mediated the oncogenic effects. ZBTB7C mRNA contains a typical m6A motif of high confidence and its mRNA and protein were enriched with increased m6A modification in OS samples/cells. In an OS xenograft model, STM2457 or siRNA-mediated METTL3 knockdown effectively lowed ZBTB7C abundance. More importantly, the anti-OS effects of STM2457 were significantly reduced when ZBTB7C was overexpressed by lentivirus. Together, our results demonstrate that the METTL3 aberration and the resultant ZBTB7C m6A modification form an important epigenetic regulatory loop that promotes OS progression, and targeting the METTL3/ZBTB7C axis may provide novel insights into the potential strategies for OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying An
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China..
| | - Baosheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China..
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine. Nanjing, China.; Department of Central Laboratory, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China..
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China..
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Shi P, Cheng Z, Zhao K, Chen Y, Zhang A, Gan W, Zhang Y. Active targeting schemes for nano-drug delivery systems in osteosarcoma therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:103. [PMID: 36944946 PMCID: PMC10031984 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant tumor of the bone, seriously influences people's lives and increases their economic burden. Conventional chemotherapy drugs achieve limited therapeutic effects owing to poor targeting and severe systemic toxicity. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems can significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs through targeting ligand modifications and reduce the occurrence of systemic adverse effects. A variety of ligand-modified nano-drug delivery systems have been developed for different targeting schemes. Here we review the biological characteristics and the main challenges of current drug therapy of OS, and further elaborate on different targeting schemes and ligand selection for nano-drug delivery systems of osteosarcoma, which may provide new horizons for the development of advanced targeted drug delivery systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhangrong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kangcheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Anran Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weikang Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in a Bacterial Nanocellulose Matrix and the Study of Their Oxidizing and Reducing Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062604. [PMID: 36985577 PMCID: PMC10051255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A soft synthesis of nanoceria with non-stoichiometric composition (33% Ce3+/67% Ce4+) named CeO2 NPs in bacterial cellulose (BC) matrix in the form of aerogel and hydrogel with controlled CeO2 NPs content was proposed. The advantage of CeO2 NPs synthesis in BC is the use of systemic antacid API–trisamine as a precursor, which did not destruct cellulose at room temperature and enabled a reduction in the duration of synthesis and the number of washes. Moreover, this method resulted in the subsequent uniform distribution of CeO2 NPs in the BC matrix due to cerium (III) nitrate sorption in the BC matrix. CeO2 NPs (0.1–50.0%) in the BC matrix had a fluorite structure with a size of 3–5 nm; the specific surface area of the composites was 233.728 m2/g. CeO2 NPs in the BC-CeO2 NPs composite demonstrated SOD-like activity in the processes of oxidation and reduction of cytochrome c (cyt c3+/cyt c2+), as well as epinephrine to inhibit its auto-oxidation in aqueous solutions by 33–63% relative to the control. In vitro experiments on rat blood showed a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes–SOD by 24% and G6PDH by 2.0–2.5 times. Therefore, BC-CeO2 NPs can be proposed for wound healing as antioxidant material.
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Pastuch-Gawołek G, Szreder J, Domińska M, Pielok M, Cichy P, Grymel M. A Small Sugar Molecule with Huge Potential in Targeted Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:913. [PMID: 36986774 PMCID: PMC10056414 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer-related diseases is still growing. Despite the availability of a large number of anticancer drugs, the ideal drug is still being sought that would be effective, selective, and overcome the effect of multidrug resistance. Therefore, researchers are still looking for ways to improve the properties of already-used chemotherapeutics. One of the possibilities is the development of targeted therapies. The use of prodrugs that release the bioactive substance only under the influence of factors characteristic of the tumor microenvironment makes it possible to deliver the drug precisely to the cancer cells. Obtaining such compounds is possible by coupling a therapeutic agent with a ligand targeting receptors, to which the attached ligand shows affinity and is overexpressed in cancer cells. Another way is to encapsulate the drug in a carrier that is stable in physiological conditions and sensitive to conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Such a carrier can be directed by attaching to it a ligand recognized by receptors typical of tumor cells. Sugars seem to be ideal ligands for obtaining prodrugs targeted at receptors overexpressed in cancer cells. They can also be ligands modifying polymers' drug carriers. Furthermore, polysaccharides can act as selective nanocarriers for numerous chemotherapeutics. The proof of this thesis is the huge number of papers devoted to their use for modification or targeted transport of anticancer compounds. In this work, selected examples of broad-defined sugars application for improving the properties of both already-used drugs and substances exhibiting anticancer activity are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pastuch-Gawołek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Julia Szreder
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Domińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pielok
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Cichy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mirosława Grymel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Anžlovar A, Žagar E. Cellulose Structures as a Support or Template for Inorganic Nanostructures and Their Assemblies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1837. [PMID: 35683693 PMCID: PMC9182054 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer and deserves the special attention of the scientific community because it represents a sustainable source of carbon and plays an important role as a sustainable energent for replacing crude oil, coal, and natural gas in the future. Intense research and studies over the past few decades on cellulose structures have mainly focused on cellulose as a biomass for exploitation as an alternative energent or as a reinforcing material in polymer matrices. However, studies on cellulose structures have revealed more diverse potential applications by exploiting the functionalities of cellulose such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical materials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials, selective nanostructured membranes, and as a growth template for inorganic nanostructures. This article comprehensively reviews the potential of cellulose structures as a support, biotemplate, and growing vector in the formation of various complex hybrid hierarchical inorganic nanostructures with a wide scope of applications. We focus on the preparation of inorganic nanostructures by exploiting the unique properties and performances of cellulose structures. The advantages, physicochemical properties, and chemical modifications of the cellulose structures are comparatively discussed from the aspect of materials development and processing. Finally, the perspective and potential applications of cellulose-based bioinspired hierarchical functional nanomaterials in the future are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alojz Anžlovar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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