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Khan S, Siraj S, Shahid M, Haque MM, Islam A. Osmolytes: Wonder molecules to combat protein misfolding against stress conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123662. [PMID: 36796566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The proper functioning of any protein depends on its three dimensional conformation which is achieved by the accurate folding mechanism. Keeping away from the exposed stress conditions leads to cooperative unfolding and sometimes partial folding, forming the structures like protofibrils, fibrils, aggregates, oligomers, etc. leading to several neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, Cystic fibrosis, Huntington, Marfan syndrome, and also cancers in some cases, too. Hydration of proteins is necessary, which may be achieved by the presence of organic solutes called osmolytes within the cell. Osmolytes belong to different classes in different organisms and play their role by preferential exclusion of osmolytes and preferential hydration of water molecules and achieves the osmotic balance in the cell otherwise it may cause problems like cellular infection, cell shrinkage leading to apoptosis and cell swelling which is also the major injury to the cell. Osmolyte interacts with protein, nucleic acids, intrinsically disordered proteins by non-covalent forces. Stabilizing osmolytes increases the Gibbs free energy of the unfolded protein and decreases that of folded protein and vice versa with denaturants (urea and guanidinium hydrochloride). The efficacy of each osmolyte with the protein is determined by the calculation of m value which reflects its efficiency with protein. Hence osmolytes can be therapeutically considered and used in drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Seerat Siraj
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 173, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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2
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Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Trimethylamine (TMA) Determinations of Two Hadal Amphipods. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hadal trenches are a unique habitat with high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature and scarce food supplies. Amphipods are the dominant scavenging metazoan species in this ecosystem. Trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) have been shown to play important roles in regulating osmotic pressure in mammals, hadal dwellers and even microbes. However, the distributions of TMAO and TMA concentrations of hadal animals among different tissues have not been reported so far. Here, the TMAO and TMA contents of eight tissues of two hadal amphipods, Hirondellea gigas and Alicella gigantea from the Mariana Trench and the New Britain Trench, were detected by using the ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Compared with the shallow water Decapoda, Penaeus vannamei, the hadal amphipods possessed significantly higher TMAO concentrations and a similar level of TMA in all the detected tissues. A higher level of TMAO was detected in the external organs (such as the eye and exoskeleton) for both of the two hadal amphipods, which indicated that the TMAO concentration was not evenly distributed, although the same hydrostatic pressure existed in the outer and internal organs. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between the concentrations of TMAO and TMA in the two hadal amphipods. In addition, evolutionary analysis regarding FMO3, the enzyme to convert TMA into TMAO, was also conducted. Three positive selected sites in the conserved region and two specific mutation sites in two conserved motifs were found in the A. gigantea FMO3 gene. Combined together, this study supports the important role of TMAO for the environmental adaptability of hadal amphipods and speculates on the molecular evolution and protein structure of FMO3 in hadal species.
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Lei H, Song Y, Dong M, Chen G, Cao Z, Wu F, Chen C, Zhang C, Liu C, Shi Z, Zhang L. Metabolomics safety assessments of microcystin exposure via drinking water in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111989. [PMID: 33524913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water exposure to microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), the most widely occurring cyanotoxins, poses a highly potential risk for human health. However, the health risk of MC-LR exposure at current guideline value in drinking water has not yet entirely evaluated. In the current study, we used 1H NMR-based metabolomics combined with targeted metabolic profiling by GC/LC-MS to explore the toxic effects of MC-LR exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations via drinking water in rats. The results revealed that multiple biological consequences of MC-LR exposure on host metabolism in rats. Both relatively low and high doses of MC-LR used here induced hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation. While only relatively high dose MC-LR (10 μg/L) in drinking water caused more metabolic disorders including inhibition of gluconeogenesis and promotion of β-oxidation of fatty acid. Although the dose of 1.0 μg/L MC-LR is extremely low for rats, alterations of metabolic profiles were unexpectedly found in rat liver and serum, alarming potential health risk of MC-LR at the WHO guideline level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manyuan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zunji Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Ito K, Tsuboi Y, Kikuchi J. Spatial molecular-dynamically ordered NMR spectroscopy of intact bodies and heterogeneous systems. Commun Chem 2020; 3:80. [PMID: 36703472 PMCID: PMC9814264 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive evaluation of the spatial distribution of chemical composition and diffusion behavior of materials is becoming possible by advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence editing. However, there is room for improvement in the spectral resolution and analytical method for application to heterogeneous samples. Here, we develop applications for comprehensively evaluating compounds and their dynamics in intact bodies and heterogeneous systems from NMR data, including spatial z-position, chemical shift, and diffusion or relaxation. This experiment is collectively named spatial molecular-dynamically ordered spectroscopy (SMOOSY). Pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) SMOOSY spectra of an intact shrimp and two heterogeneous systems are recorded to evaluate this methodology. Information about dynamics is mapped onto two-dimensional (2D) chemical shift imaging spectra using a pseudo-spectral imaging method with a processing tool named SMOOSY processor. Pseudo-2D SMOOSY spectral images can non-invasively assess the different dynamics of the compounds at each spatial z-position of the shrimp's body and two heterogeneous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ito
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan ,grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan ,grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XGraduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810 Japan
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5
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Bueno E, Pinedo V, Cava F. Adaptation of Vibrio cholerae to Hypoxic Environments. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:739. [PMID: 32425907 PMCID: PMC7212424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can colonize virtually any environment on Earth due to their remarkable capacity to detect and respond quickly and adequately to environmental stressors. Vibrio cholerae is a cosmopolitan bacterium that inhabits a vast range of environments. The V. cholerae life cycle comprises diverse environmental and infective stages. The bacterium is found in aquatic ecosystems both under free-living conditions or associated with a wide range of aquatic organisms, and some strains are also capable of causing epidemics in humans. In order to adapt between environments, V. cholerae possesses a versatile metabolism characterized by the rapid cross-regulation of energy-producing pathways. Low oxygen concentration is a key environmental factor that governs V. cholerae physiology. This article reviews the metabolic plasticity that enables V. cholerae to thrive on low oxygen concentrations and its role in environmental and host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Bueno
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Felipe Cava
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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6
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Yancey PH. Cellular responses in marine animals to hydrostatic pressure. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:398-420. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Yancey
- Department of BiologyWhitman CollegeWalla Walla Washington
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7
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Zhang L, Rimal B, Nichols RG, Tian Y, Smith PB, Hatzakis E, Chang SC, Butenhoff JL, Peters JM, Patterson AD. Perfluorooctane sulfonate alters gut microbiota-host metabolic homeostasis in mice. Toxicology 2020; 431:152365. [PMID: 31926186 PMCID: PMC7032741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent environmental chemical whose biological effects are mediated by multiple mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may be directly impacted by and/or alter the fate and effects of environmental chemicals in the host. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether PFOS influences the gut microbiome and its metabolism, and the host metabolome. Four groups of male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a diet with or without 0.003 %, 0.006 %, or 0.012 % PFOS, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolomic, and molecular analyses were used to examine the gut microbiota of mice after dietary PFOS exposure. Dietary PFOS exposure caused a marked change in the gut microbiome compared to controls. Dietary PFOS also caused dose-dependent changes in hepatic metabolic pathways including those involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, TCA cycle, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. Changes in the metabolome correlated with changes in genes that regulate these pathways. Integrative analyses also demonstrated a strong correlation between the alterations in microbiota composition and host metabolic profiles induced by PFOS. Further, using isolated mouse cecal contents, PFOS exposure directly affected the gut microbiota metabolism. Results from these studies demonstrate that the molecular and biochemical changes induced by PFOS are mediated in part by the gut microbiome, which alters gene expression and the host metabolome in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert G Nichols
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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8
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Implication of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in Disease: Potential Biomarker or New Therapeutic Target. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101398. [PMID: 30275434 PMCID: PMC6213249 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a molecule generated from choline, betaine, and carnitine via gut microbial metabolism. The plasma level of TMAO is determined by several factors including diet, gut microbial flora, drug administration and liver flavin monooxygenase activity. In humans, recent clinical studies evidence a positive correlation between elevated plasma levels of TMAO and an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. A direct correlation between increased TMAO levels and neurological disorders has been also hypothesized. Several therapeutic strategies are being explored to reduce TMAO levels, including use of oral broad spectrum antibiotics, promoting the growth of bacteria that use TMAO as substrate and the development of target-specific molecules. Despite the accumulating evidence, it is questioned whether TMAO is the mediator of a bystander in the disease process. Thus, it is important to undertake studies to establish the role of TMAO in human health and disease. In this article, we reviewed dietary sources and metabolic pathways of TMAO, as well as screened the studies suggesting possible involvement of TMAO in the etiology of cardiovascular and neurological disorders, underlying the importance of TMAO mediating inflammatory processes. Finally, the potential utility of TMAO as therapeutic target is also analyzed.
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9
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Heldt CL, Saksule A, Joshi PU, Ghafarian M. A generalized purification step for viral particles using mannitol flocculation. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1027-1035. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caryn L. Heldt
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
| | - Ashish Saksule
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
| | - Pratik U. Joshi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
| | - Majid Ghafarian
- Dept. of Biological Sciences; Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr.; Houghton MI 49931
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10
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Jasour MS, Wagner L, Sundekilde UK, Larsen BK, Greco I, Orlien V, Olsen K, Rasmussen HT, Hjermitslev NH, Hammershøj M, Dalsgaard AJT, Dalsgaard TK. A Comprehensive Approach to Assess Feathermeal as an Alternative Protein Source in Aquafeed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10673-10684. [PMID: 29119793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of partially replacing fishmeal in aquafeed with feathermeal (FTH) at three levels (0%: FTH0, 8%: FTH8, 24%: FTH24) and two extrusion temperatures (100 and 130 °C) was evaluated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with respect to growth performance, metabolism response, and oxidative status of the feed proteins. Multivariate data analyses revealed that FTH24 correlated positively with high levels of oxidation products, amino acids (AA) racemization, glucogenic AAs level in liver, feed intake (FI), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR); and low AAs digestibility. Both FI and SGR were significantly increased when 8 and 24% feathermeal was included in the feed extruded at 100 °C, while there was a negative effect on FCR in fish fed FTH24. In conclusion, higher oxidation levels in FTH24 may give rise to metabolic alterations while lower levels of FTH may be considered as fishmeal substitute in aquafeed for rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sedigh Jasour
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Liane Wagner
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik K Sundekilde
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Bodil K Larsen
- DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, Technical University of Denmark , P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Ines Greco
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Orlien
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karsten Olsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne T Rasmussen
- Biomar A/S, R&D Process Technology , Mylius Erichsensvej 35, 7330 Brande, Denmark
| | - Niels H Hjermitslev
- Biomar A/S, R&D Process Technology , Mylius Erichsensvej 35, 7330 Brande, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hammershøj
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Anne J T Dalsgaard
- DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, Technical University of Denmark , P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Trine K Dalsgaard
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
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11
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Metabolomic analysis of alterations in lipid oxidation, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in dairy goats caused by exposure to Aflotoxin B1. J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:401-406. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate the systemic and characteristic metabolites in the serum of dairy goats induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure and to further understand the endogenous metabolic alterations induced by it. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic approach was used to analyse the metabolic alterations in dairy goats that were induced by low doses of AFB1 (50 µg/kg DM). We found that AFB1 exposure caused significant elevations of glucose, citrate, acetate, acetoacetate, betaine, and glycine yet caused reductions of lactate, ketone bodies (acetate, β-hydroxybutyrate), amino acids (citrulline, leucine/isoleucine, valine, creatine) and cell membrane structures (choline, lipoprotein, N-acetyl glycoproteins) in the serum. These data indicated that AFB1 caused endogenous metabolic changes in various metabolic pathways, including cell membrane-associated metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, lipids, and amino acid metabolism. These findings provide both a comprehensive insight into the metabolic aspects of AFB1-induced adverse effects on dairy goats and a method for monitoring dairy animals exposed to low doses of AFB1.
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12
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Molecular characterization, computational analysis and transcript profiling of glutamate dehydrogenase ( gdh ) gene of Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to saline water. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Su G, Chen G, An X, Wang H, Pei YH. Metabolic Profiling Analysis of the Alleviation Effect of Treatment with Baicalin on Cinnabar Induced Toxicity in Rats Urine and Serum. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:271. [PMID: 28567014 PMCID: PMC5434134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Baicalin is the main bioactive flavonoid constituent isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The mechanisms of protection of liver remain unclear. In this study, 1H NMR-based metabonomics approach has been used to investigate the alleviation effect of Baicalin. Method:1H NMR metabolomics analyses of urine and serum from rats, was performed to illuminate the alleviation effect of Baicalin on mineral medicine (cinnabar)-induced liver and kidney toxicity. Results: The metabolic profiles of groups receiving Baicalin at a dose of 80 mg/kg were remarkably different from cinnabar, and meanwhile, the level of endogenous metabolites returned to normal compared to group cinnabar. PLS-DA scores plots demonstrated that the variation tendency of control and Baicalein are apart from Cinnabar. The metabolic profiles of group Baicalein were similar to those of group control. Statistics results were confirmed by the histopathological examination and biochemical assay. Conclusion: Baicalin have the alleviation effect to the liver and kidney damage induced by cinnabar. The Baicalin could regulate endogenous metabolites associated with the energy metabolism, choline metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Su
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Xiao An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China
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14
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Yancey PH, Siebenaller JF. Co-evolution of proteins and solutions: protein adaptation versus cytoprotective micromolecules and their roles in marine organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 218:1880-96. [PMID: 26085665 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Organisms experience a wide range of environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and hydrostatic pressure, which pose challenges to biochemical processes. Studies on adaptations to such factors have largely focused on macromolecules, especially intrinsic adaptations in protein structure and function. However, micromolecular cosolutes can act as cytoprotectants in the cellular milieu to affect biochemical function and they are now recognized as important extrinsic adaptations. These solutes, both inorganic and organic, have been best characterized as osmolytes, which accumulate to reduce osmotic water loss. Singly, and in combination, many cosolutes have properties beyond simple osmotic effects, e.g. altering the stability and function of proteins in the face of numerous stressors. A key example is the marine osmolyte trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which appears to enhance water structure and is excluded from peptide backbones, favoring protein folding and stability and counteracting destabilizers like urea and temperature. Co-evolution of intrinsic and extrinsic adaptations is illustrated with high hydrostatic pressure in deep-living organisms. Cytosolic and membrane proteins and G-protein-coupled signal transduction in fishes under pressure show inhibited function and stability, while revealing a number of intrinsic adaptations in deep species. Yet, intrinsic adaptations are often incomplete, and those fishes accumulate TMAO linearly with depth, suggesting a role for TMAO as an extrinsic 'piezolyte' or pressure cosolute. Indeed, TMAO is able to counteract the inhibitory effects of pressure on the stability and function of many proteins. Other cosolutes are cytoprotective in other ways, such as via antioxidation. Such observations highlight the importance of considering the cellular milieu in biochemical and cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Yancey
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
| | - Joseph F Siebenaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Fennema D, Phillips IR, Shephard EA. Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine N-Oxide, a Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 (FMO3)-Mediated Host-Microbiome Metabolic Axis Implicated in Health and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1839-1850. [PMID: 27190056 PMCID: PMC5074467 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is known primarily as an enzyme involved in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs. On a daily basis, however, we are exposed to one of the most abundant substrates of the enzyme trimethylamine (TMA), which is released from various dietary components by the action of gut bacteria. FMO3 converts the odorous TMA to nonodorous TMA N-oxide (TMAO), which is excreted in urine. Impaired FMO3 activity gives rise to the inherited disorder primary trimethylaminuria (TMAU). Affected individuals cannot produce TMAO and, consequently, excrete large amounts of TMA. A dysbiosis in gut bacteria can give rise to secondary TMAU. Recently, there has been much interest in FMO3 and its catalytic product, TMAO, because TMAO has been implicated in various conditions affecting health, including cardiovascular disease, reverse cholesterol transport, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. In this review, we consider the dietary components that can give rise to TMA, the gut bacteria involved in the production of TMA from dietary precursors, the metabolic reactions by which bacteria produce and use TMA, and the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. Also included is information on bacteria that produce TMA in the oral cavity and vagina, two key microbiome niches that can influence health. Finally, we discuss the importance of the TMA/TMAO microbiome-host axis in health and disease, considering factors that affect bacterial production and host metabolism of TMA, the involvement of TMAO and FMO3 in disease, and the implications of the host-microbiome axis for management of TMAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Fennema
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London (D.F., I.R.P., E.A.S.), and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (I.R.P.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Phillips
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London (D.F., I.R.P., E.A.S.), and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (I.R.P.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Shephard
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London (D.F., I.R.P., E.A.S.), and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (I.R.P.), London, United Kingdom
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Man S, Fan W, Gao W, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li H. Anti-fibrosis and anti-cirrhosis effects of Rhizoma paridis saponins on diethylnitrosamine induced rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:407-412. [PMID: 24212073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis as a traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the treatment of liver disease for thousands of years. Rhizoma paridis saponins (RPS), as the main active components of Paris polyphylla, have been used to treat liver injury. Anti-cirrhosis effect of Rhizoma paridis saponins (RPS) has not been known. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced metabonomic changes in multiple biological matrices (plasma and urine) of rats by using (1)H-NMR spectroscopy together with clinical biochemistry assessments, oxidative stress test and DNA fragmentation assay. RESULTS Mechanisms of RPS that participated in the inhibition of the fibrotic process included anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, and metabolic disturbance such as decreasing lipid oxidation, regulation of TCA cycle, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolisms in DEN-induced liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS Integrated NMR analysis of serum and urine samples, together with traditional clinical biochemical assays provided a holistic method for elucidating mechanisms of potential anti-fibrotic agent, RPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Petrov E, Rohde PR, Cornell B, Martinac B. The protective effect of osmoprotectant TMAO on bacterial mechanosensitive channels of small conductance MscS/MscK under high hydrostatic pressure. Channels (Austin) 2012; 6:262-71. [PMID: 22790324 PMCID: PMC3508905 DOI: 10.4161/chan.20833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of the bacterial mechanosensitive channels of small conductance MscS/MscK of E. coli was investigated under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) using the "flying-patch" patch-clamp technique. The channels were gated by negative pipette voltage and their open probability was measured at HHP of 0.1 to 80 MPa. The channel open probability decreased with increasing HHP. When the osmolyte methylamine N-oxide (TMAO) was applied to the cytoplasmic side of the inside-out excised membrane patches of E. coli giant spheroplasts the inhibitory effect of HHP on the channel activity was suppressed at pressures of up to 40 MPa. At 40 MPa and above the channel open probability decreased in a similar fashion with or without TMAO. Our study suggests that TMAO helps to counteract the effect of HHP up to 40 MPa on the MscS/MscK open state by "shielding" the cytoplasmic domain of the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Petrov
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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Tang B, Ding J, Wu F, Chen L, Yang Y, Song F. 1H NMR-based metabonomics study of the urinary biochemical changes in Kansui treated rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:134-142. [PMID: 22406398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried root of Kansui (Euphorbia kansui L.) is a commonly used and effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY We combined the urinary metabolites alteration and traditional assays of Kansui-induced rats to discuss the mechanism of toxicity of Kansui. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with 7.875g Kansui/kg weight and 15.75g Kansui/kg weight. Urine samples were collected at day -1 (before treatment), and days 7, 14 and 21 for NMR analysis. Plasma and liver and kidney tissues were collected at day 14 for biochemical assays and histopathological examination, respectively. RESULTS The metabonome of rats treated with Kansui differed markedly from that of the controls. This was confirmed by the histopathology of liver and kidney tissue and clinical biochemistry analysis. The toxicity of Kansui accumulated with dosing time, and persisted even when treatment was stopped. The corresponding biochemical pathways alterations included inhibited TCA cycle, increased anaerobic glycolysis, and perturbed amino acids metabolism. CONCLUSION The biochemical pathways disorder conjunction with histopathology changes provides new clues to evaluate the toxicity of Kansui from a systematic and holistic view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwen Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Gornik S, Albalat A, Macpherson H, Birkbeck H, Neil D. The effect of temperature on the bacterial load and microbial composition in Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) tail meat during storage. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:582-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang L, Ye Y, An Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, Tang H. Systems responses of rats to aflatoxin B1 exposure revealed with metabonomic changes in multiple biological matrices. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:614-23. [PMID: 21080729 DOI: 10.1021/pr100792q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to aflatoxins causes liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma posing a significant health risk for human populations and livestock. To understand the mammalian systems responses to aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) exposure, we analyzed the AFB1-induced metabonomic changes in multiple biological matrices (plasma, urine, and liver) of rats using (1)H NMR spectroscopy together with clinical biochemistry and histopathologic assessments. We found that AFB1 exposure caused significant elevation of glucose, amino acids, and choline metabolites (choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) in plasma but reduction of plasma lipids. AFB1 also induced elevation of liver lipids, amino acids (tyrosine, histidine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine), choline, and nucleic acid metabolites (inosine, adenosine, and uridine) together with reduction of hepatic glycogen and glucose. AFB1 further caused decreases in urinary TCA cycle intermediates (2-oxoglutarate and citrate) and elevation of gut microbiota cometabolites (phenylacetylglycine and hippurate). These indicated that AFB1 exposure caused hepatic steatosis accompanied with widespread metabolic changes including lipid and cell membrane metabolisms, protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and gut microbiota functions. This implied that AFB1 exposure probably caused oxidative-stress-mediated impairments of mitochondria functions. These findings provide an overview of biochemical consequences of AFB1 exposure and comprehensive insights into the metabolic aspects of AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P R China
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Samerotte AL, Drazen JC, Brand GL, Seibel BA, Yancey PH. Correlation of Trimethylamine Oxide and Habitat Depth within and among Species of Teleost Fish: An Analysis of Causation. Physiol Biochem Zool 2007; 80:197-208. [PMID: 17252516 DOI: 10.1086/510566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Most shallow-water teleosts have moderate levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO; approximately 50 mmol/kg wet mass), a common osmolyte in many other marine animals. Recently, muscle TMAO contents were found to increase linearly with depth in six families. In one hypothesis, this may be an adaptation to counteract the deleterious effects of pressure on protein function, which TMAO does in vitro. In another hypothesis, TMAO may be accumulated as a by-product of acylglycerol (AG) production, increasing with depth because of elevated lipid metabolisms known to occur in some deep-sea animals. Here we analyze muscle TMAO contents and total body AG (mainly triacyglycerol [TAG]) levels in 15 species of teleosts from a greater variety of depths than sampled previously, including eight individual species caught at two or more depths. Including data of previous studies (total of 17 species, nine families), there is an apparent sigmoidal increase in TMAO contents between 0- and 1.4-km depths, from about 40 to 150 mmol/kg. From 1.4 to 4.8 km, the increase appears to be linear (r2=0.91), rising to 261 mmol/kg at 4.8 km. The trend also occurred within species: in most cases in which a species was caught at two or more depths, TMAO was higher in the deeper-caught specimens (e.g., for Coryphaenoides armatus, TMAO was 173, 229, and 261 mmol/kg at 1.8, 4.1, and 4.8 km, respectively). TMAO contents not only were consistent within species at a given depth but also did not vary with season or over a wide range of body masses or TAG contents. Thus, no clear link between TMAO and lipid was found. However, TMAO contents might correlate with the rate (rather than content) of TAG production, which could not be quantified. Overall, the data strongly support the hypothesis that TMAO is adaptively regulated with depth in deep-sea teleosts. Whether lipid metabolism is the source of that TMAO is a question that remains to be tested fully.
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Rossignol O, Sebert P, Simon B. Effects of high-pressure acclimatization on silver eel (Anguilla anguilla, L.) slow muscle contraction. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 143:234-8. [PMID: 16413804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As the spawning migration of the eel is supposed to correspond to a long swimming activity at depth, patterns of slow red muscle contraction have been investigated in European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) exposed for 3 weeks to 10.1 MPa hydrostatic pressure. The results show that pressure-acclimated eels (male and female) show a three-fold decrease in maximum isometric stress of twitch and tetanic contractions while time to peak force, time from peak force to 90% relaxation and ratio of twitch tension to tetanic tension remain unchanged. The observed modifications in slow red muscle mechanical properties do not impede the spawning migration of the eel and are possibly partially compensated by an improvement in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. Effects of changes in membrane fluidity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlane Rossignol
- Unité de Physiologie Comparée et intégrative (UCPI-EA 3879), Unité Haute Pression et Métabolisme, UFR Médecine, 22 avenue C. Desmoulins, 29238 Brest cedex, France
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