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Thirunavukkarasu S, Murugan G, Hwang JS, Munuswamy N. Morphology and morphometry of morphotypes in the population of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg, 1906) from salterns of the southeastern coast of India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29796. [PMID: 38707297 PMCID: PMC11068535 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We document the morphology, morphometric variations among the morphotypes of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana. From the samples collected at four different locations in South India, Tamil Nadu viz. Kelambakkam, Vedaranyam, Tuticorin and Nagarcoil we identified six morphotypes: M1, M3, M4 in males and F1, F2, F3 in females. The Scanning electron micrographs of male morphotypes show distinct variation in the basal width, shape and number of cuticular cones on the second antennae. Similarly, the female morphotypes show various shape and sizes of the ovisac with or without spines. However, the cyst surface topography is smooth without any specific variation/ornamentation in all three female morphotypes. Multivariate analysis of eighteen morphological traits measured in males and fifteen in females to elucidate the intraspecific variations among morphotypes indicate significant dissimilarity between males and females. Furthermore, relative length measurements showed distinct morphometric variation of traits between the morphotypes encountered at different sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Thirunavukkarasu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
- Unit of Aquaculture and Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Gopal Murugan
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S. C., La Paz, Mexico
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Natesan Munuswamy
- Unit of Aquaculture and Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
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Borhani HA, Berghmans H, Trashin S, De Wael K, Fago A, Moens L, Habibi-Rezaei M, Dewilde S. Kinetic properties and heme pocket structure of two domains of the polymeric hemoglobin of Artemia in comparison with the native molecule. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1307-16. [PMID: 26004089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this project, we studied some physicochemical properties of two different globin domains of the polymeric hemoglobin of the brine shrimp Artemia salina and compared them with those of the native molecule. Two domains (AsHbC1D1 and AsHbC1D5) were cloned and expressed in BL21(DE3)pLysS strain of Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins as well as the native hemoglobin (AfHb) were purified from bacteria and frozen Artemia, respectively by standard chromatographic methods and assessed by SDS-PAGE. The heme environment of these proteins was studied by optical spectroscopy and ligand-binding kinetics (e.g. CO association and O2 binding affinity) were measured for the two recombinant proteins and the native hemoglobin. This indicates that the CO association rate for AsHbC1D1 is higher than that of AsHbC1D5 and AfHb, while the calculated P50 value for AsHbC1D1 is lower than that of AsHbC1D5 and AfHb. The geminate and bimolecular rebinding parameters indicate a significant difference between both domains. Moreover, EPR results showed that the heme pocket in AfHb is in a more closed conformation than the heme pocket in myoglobin. Finally, the reduction potential of -0.13V versus the standard hydrogen electrode was determined for AfHb by direct electrochemical measurements. It is about 0.06V higher than the potential of the single domain AsHbC1D5. This work shows that each domain in the hemoglobin of Artemia has different characteristics of ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshmat Akbari Borhani
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Herald Berghmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Bioscience, Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Luc Moens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Nano-Biomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Fredrick WS, Ravichandran S. Hemolymph proteins in marine crustaceans. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:496-502. [PMID: 23569958 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is done with the aim to bring together the various antimicrobial peptides that are present in the crustacean hemolymph and their sources along with its characteristics. Invertebrates lack immune systems that involve antigen-antibody reactions and do not have an immune memory, therefore most invertebrate species show no evidence of acquired immunity. Crustaceans possess an open circulatory system, where nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and cells are distributed in the hemolymph. They lack adaptive immune system and rely exclusively on their innate immune mechanisms that include both cellular and humoral responses. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins form an important means of host defense in eukaryotes. In addition to their role as endogenous antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides have functions in inflammation, wound repair and regulation of the adaptive immune system. Over the past several years, many antimicrobial peptides have been found and characterized in crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sylvester Fredrick
- CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang R, Yao F, Cheng C, Chen Y, Lv Y, Li Z, Zhao N, Wang T, Xin W, Zou X, Hou L. Expression and roles of As-NUPR1 protein from Artemia sinica during embryo development and in response to salinity stress. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3465-73. [PMID: 24510410 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As-NUPR1, a stress-related protein, plays an important role in post-diapause during embryonic development in the brine shrimp Artemia sinica. In the present study, successful expression of As-NUPR1 from the cDNA sequence isolated from A. sinica was demonstrated using a prokaryotic expression system. The recombinant protein consisted of 132 amino acids with a molecular weight of 15 kDa, and a predicted isoelectric point of 7.17. As-NUPR1 polyclonal antibodies were prepared by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant As-NUPR1 protein as an antigen, and immunological studies were carried out. Expression of As-NUPR1 during different developmental stages of the embryo and in response to salinity stress was analyzed in A. sinica using Western blots. The experimental results showed that the expression of As-NUPR1 is widely distributed at different developmental stages in A. sinica, and there was no tissue or organ specificity. Expression of As-NUPR1 decreased gradually during the diapause termination stage of embryo development, after which there was a general increase in expression after breaking the shell. In addition, As-NUPR1 expression was highly upregulated under conditions of high salinity. These results suggest that the As-NUPR1 protein is a stress-related protein that plays a role in protecting embryos from high salt damage in different embryonic developmental stages, especially during the post-diapause period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, No. 1, Liushu South Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
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Liu B, Yan X, Cao S, Chong B, Lü Y. Studies on the interaction of palmatine hydrochloride with bovine hemoglobin. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:211-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
| | - Shina Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Chong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkai Lü
- Key Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 People's Republic of China
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Wang JQ, Hou L, Yi N, Zhang RF, Zou XY. Molecular analysis and its expression of a pou homeobox protein gene during development and in response to salinity stress from brine shrimp, Artemia sinica. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 161:36-43. [PMID: 21911072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Brine shrimps of the genus Artemia are aquatic species of economic importance because of their important significance to aquaculture and are used as a model species in physiology and developmental biology. Research on Artemia POU homeobox gene function will enhance our understanding of the physiological and developmental processes of POU homeobox gene in animals. Herein, a full-length cDNA encoding an Artemia POU homeobox protein gene 1 (APH-1) from Artemia sinica (designated as As-APH-1) was cloned and characterized by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) method. The As-APH-1 gene encoded a protein of 388 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 42.85kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.90 and the protein belongs to the POU III family. Multiple sequence alignments revealed that A. sinica As-APH-1 protein sequence shared a conserved POU homeobox domain with other species. The early and persistent expression of As-APH-1 in the naupliar stages by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and whole-mount embryonic immunohistochemistry suggest that As-APH-1 functions very early in the salt gland and may be required continuously in this organ. Later in development, expression of As-APH-1 begins to dramatically decrease and disappear in salt gland of the sub-adult Artemia. In addition, we also discovered that As-APH-1 increased obviously as the salinity increased, indicating that As-APH-1 might be used as a good indicator of salinity stress. In summary, we are the first to identify the As-APH-1 gene and to determine its gene expression patterns in early embryogenesis stages and in different salinity stress in brine shrimp, A. sinica. The result of expression of As-APH-1 affected by salinity changes will provide us further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of osmoregulation in Artemia early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qing Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Fushun, PR China
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