1
|
Labrecque C, Fuglestad B. Ligandability at the Membrane Interface of GPx4 Revealed through a Reverse Micelle Fragment Screening Platform. JACS AU 2024; 4:2676-2686. [PMID: 39055139 PMCID: PMC11267533 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
While they account for a large portion of drug targets, membrane proteins present a unique challenge for drug discovery. Peripheral membrane proteins (PMPs), a class of water-soluble proteins that bind to membranes, are also difficult targets, particularly those that function only when bound to membranes. The protein-membrane interface in PMPs is often where functional interactions and catalysis occur, making it a logical target for inhibition. However, protein-membrane interfaces are underexplored spaces in inhibitor design, and there is a need for enhanced methods for small-molecule ligand discovery. In an effort to better initiate drug discovery efforts for PMPs, this study presents a screening methodology using membrane-mimicking reverse micelles (mmRM) and NMR-based fragment screening to assess ligandability at the protein-membrane interface. The proof-of-principle target, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), is a lipid hydroperoxidase that is essential for the oxidative protection of membranes and thereby the prevention of ferroptosis. GPx4 inhibition is promising for therapy-resistant cancer therapy, but current inhibitors are generally covalent ligands with limited clinical utility. Presented here is the discovery of noncovalent small-molecule ligands for membrane-bound GPx4 revealed through the mmRM fragment screening methodology. The fragments were tested against GPx4 under bulk aqueous conditions and displayed little to no binding to the protein without embedment into the membrane. The 9 hits had varying affinities and partitioning coefficients and revealed properties of fragments that bind within the protein-membrane interface. Additionally, a secondary screen confirmed the potential to progress the fragments by enhancing the affinity from >200 to ∼15 μM with the addition of certain hydrophobic groups. This study presents an advancement of screening capabilities for membrane-associated proteins, reveals ligandability within the GPx4 protein-membrane interface, and may serve as a starting point for developing noncovalent inhibitors of GPx4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney
L. Labrecque
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Brian Fuglestad
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Labrecque CL, Fuglestad B. Ligandability at the membrane interface of GPx4 revealed through a reverse micelle fragment screening platform. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593437. [PMID: 38766018 PMCID: PMC11100811 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
While they account for a large portion of drug targets, membrane proteins (MPs) present a unique challenge for drug discovery. Peripheral membrane proteins (PMPs), a class of proteins that bind reversibly to membranes, are also difficult targets, particularly those that function only while bound to membranes. The protein-membrane interface in PMPs is often where functional interactions and catalysis occur, making it a logical target for inhibition. However, interfaces are underexplored spaces in inhibitor design and there is a need for enhanced methods for small-molecule ligand discovery. In an effort to better initiate drug discovery efforts for PMPs, this study presents a screening methodology using membrane-mimicking reverse micelles (mmRM) and NMR-based fragment screening to assess ligandability in the protein-membrane interface. The proof-of-principle target, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), is a lipid hydroperoxidase which is essential for the oxidative protection of membranes and thereby the prevention of ferroptosis. GPx4 inhibition is promising for therapy-resistant cancer therapy, but current inhibitors are generally covalent ligands with limited clinical utility. Presented here is the discovery of non-covalent small-molecule ligands for membrane-bound GPx4 revealed through the mmRM fragment screening methodology. The fragments were tested against GPx4 in bulk aqueous conditions and displayed little to no binding to the protein without embedment into the membrane. The 9 hits had varying affinities and partitioning coefficients and revealed properties of fragments that bind within the protein-membrane interface. Additionally, a secondary screen confirmed the potential to progress the fragments by enhancing the affinity from > 200 μM to ~15 μM with the addition of certain hydrophobic groups. This study presents an advancement of screening capabilities for membrane associated proteins, reveals ligandability within the GPx4 protein-membrane interface, and may serve as a starting point for developing non-covalent inhibitors of GPx4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Labrecque
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 22384, United States
| | - Brian Fuglestad
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 22384, United States
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perovic V, Stevanovic K, Bukreyeva N, Paessler S, Maruyama J, López-Serrano S, Darji A, Sencanski M, Radosevic D, Berardozzi S, Botta B, Mori M, Glisic S. Exploring the Antiviral Potential of Natural Compounds against Influenza: A Combined Computational and Experimental Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4911. [PMID: 38732151 PMCID: PMC11084791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is crucial for viral replication and immune evasion, has been identified as a significant drug target with substantial potential to contribute to the fight against influenza. The emergence of drug-resistant influenza A virus strains highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutics. This study proposes a combined theoretical criterion for the virtual screening of molecular libraries to identify candidate NS1 inhibitors. By applying the criterion to the ZINC Natural Product database, followed by ligand-based virtual screening and molecular docking, we proposed the most promising candidate as a potential NS1 inhibitor. Subsequently, the selected natural compound was experimentally evaluated, revealing measurable virus replication inhibition activity in cell culture. This approach offers a promising avenue for developing novel anti-influenza agents targeting the NS1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Perovic
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (M.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Kristina Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (M.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Natalya Bukreyeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Sergi López-Serrano
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ayub Darji
- Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Milan Sencanski
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (M.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Draginja Radosevic
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (M.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Simone Berardozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
- CLNS—Center for Life Nano Sciences@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Sanja Glisic
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.S.); (M.S.); (D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agarwal A, Selvam A, Majood M, Agrawal O, Chakrabarti S, Mukherjee M. Carbon nanosheets to unravel the production of bioactive compounds from microalgae: A robust approach in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103586. [PMID: 37080385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The conglomeration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has influenced the development of life-saving drugs. These APIs are customarily synthetic products, albeit with adverse side effects. Thus, to overcome the bottlenecks associated with synthetically derived APIs, the approach of photocatalytically obtaining bioactive compounds from natural ingredients has emerged. Amid the pool of photoactive nanomaterials, this short review emphasizes the intelligent strategy of exploiting photoactive carbon nanosheets to photocatalytically derive bioactive compounds from natural algal biomass to treat many acute or chronic medical conditions. Carbon nanosheets result in phototrophic harvesting of bioactive compounds from microalgae as a result of their being an effective biocatalyst that increases the rate of photosynthesis. To understand the clinical translation of bioactive compounds, the pharmacodynamics of algal bioactive compounds are highlighted to determine the practicality and feasibility of using this green approach for pharmaceutical drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Sandip Chakrabarti
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao P, Nasution AK, Yang S, Chen Z, Ono N, Kanaya S, Altaf-Ul-Amin MD. On Finding Natural Antibiotics based on TCM Formulae. Methods 2023; 214:35-45. [PMID: 37019293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Novel kinds of antibiotics are needed to combat the emergence of antibacterial resistance. Natural products (NPs) have shown potential as antibiotic candidates. Current experimental methods are not yet capable of exploring the massive, redundant, and noise-involved chemical space of NPs. In silico approaches are needed to select NPs as antibiotic candidates. OBJECTIVE This study screens out NPs with antibacterial efficacy guided by both TCM and modern medicine and constructed a dataset aiming to serve the new antibiotic design. METHOD A knowledge-based network is proposed in this study involving NPs, herbs, the concepts of TCM, and the treatment protocols (or etiologies) of infectious in modern medicine. Using this network, the NPs candidates are screened out and compose the dataset. Feature selection of machine learning approaches is conducted to evaluate the constructed dataset and statistically validate the im- portance of all NPs candidates for different antibiotics by a classification task. RESULTS The extensive experiments prove the constructed dataset reaches a convincing classification performance with a 0.9421 weighted accuracy, 0.9324 recall, and 0.9409 precision. The further visu- alizations of sample importance prove the comprehensive evaluation for model interpretation based on medical value considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Gao
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | | | - Shuo Yang
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Zheng Chen
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ono
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - M D Altaf-Ul-Amin
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ongpipattanakul C, Desormeaux EK, DiCaprio A, van der Donk WA, Mitchell DA, Nair SK. Mechanism of Action of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14722-14814. [PMID: 36049139 PMCID: PMC9897510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a natural product class that has undergone significant expansion due to the rapid growth in genome sequencing data and recognition that they are made by biosynthetic pathways that share many characteristic features. Their mode of actions cover a wide range of biological processes and include binding to membranes, receptors, enzymes, lipids, RNA, and metals as well as use as cofactors and signaling molecules. This review covers the currently known modes of action (MOA) of RiPPs. In turn, the mechanisms by which these molecules interact with their natural targets provide a rich set of molecular paradigms that can be used for the design or evolution of new or improved activities given the relative ease of engineering RiPPs. In this review, coverage is limited to RiPPs originating from bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanid Ongpipattanakul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emily K. Desormeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Adam DiCaprio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borgonetti V, Pressi G, Bertaiola O, Guarnerio C, Mandrone M, Chiocchio I, Galeotti N. Attenuation of neuroinflammation in microglia cells by extracts with high content of rosmarinic acid from in vitro cultured Melissa officinalis L. cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:114969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Berlinck RGS, Crnkovic CM, Gubiani JR, Bernardi DI, Ióca LP, Quintana-Bulla JI. The isolation of water-soluble natural products - challenges, strategies and perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:596-669. [PMID: 34647117 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Covering period: up to 2019Water-soluble natural products constitute a relevant group of secondary metabolites notably known for presenting potent biological activities. Examples are aminoglycosides, β-lactam antibiotics, saponins of both terrestrial and marine origin, and marine toxins. Although extensively investigated in the past, particularly during the golden age of antibiotics, hydrophilic fractions have been less scrutinized during the last few decades. This review addresses the possible reasons on why water-soluble metabolites are now under investigated and describes approaches and strategies for the isolation of these natural compounds. It presents examples of several classes of hydrosoluble natural products and how they have been isolated. Novel stationary phases and chromatography techniques are also reviewed, providing a perspective towards a renaissance in the investigation of water-soluble natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gubiani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jairo I Quintana-Bulla
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Zou W, Yu K, Liu B, Liang W, Wang L, Lu Y, Jiang Z, Wang A, Zhu J. Discovery of the natural product 3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavone as a novel and potent selective BRD4 bromodomain 2 inhibitor. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:903-913. [PMID: 33820450 PMCID: PMC8032343 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1906663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) binds acetylated lysine residues on the N-terminal tails of histones through two bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) to regulate gene transcription. Inhibiting one or both of bromodomains resulted in different phenotypes, suggesting BD1 and BD2 may have different functions. Here we report the characterisation of a natural product 3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavone as a novel and potent selective BRD4 inhibitor. The compound is 100-fold more selective for BRD4-BD2 (IC50 = 204 nM) than BRD4-BD1 (IC50=17.9 µM). Co-crystal structures show 3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavone binds to the acetylated lysine binding pocket of BRD4-BD1 or BRD4-BD2, but establishes more interactions with BRD4-BD2 than BRD4-BD1. Our data suggest 3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavone as a potent selective inhibitor of BRD4-BD2 with a novel chemical scaffold. Given its distinct chemical structure from current BRD4 inhibitors, this compound may open the door for a novel class of anti-BRD4 inhibitors by serving as a lead compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koukou Yu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifeng Liang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaBlock Sciences (Nanjing), Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zequn Jiang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mathai N, Stork C, Kirchmair J. BonMOLière: Small-Sized Libraries of Readily Purchasable Compounds, Optimized to Produce Genuine Hits in Biological Screens across the Protein Space. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157773. [PMID: 34360558 PMCID: PMC8346018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental screening of large sets of compounds against macromolecular targets is a key strategy to identify novel bioactivities. However, large-scale screening requires substantial experimental resources and is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, small to medium-sized compound libraries with a high chance of producing genuine hits on an arbitrary protein of interest would be of great value to fields related to early drug discovery, in particular biochemical and cell research. Here, we present a computational approach that incorporates drug-likeness, predicted bioactivities, biological space coverage, and target novelty, to generate optimized compound libraries with maximized chances of producing genuine hits for a wide range of proteins. The computational approach evaluates drug-likeness with a set of established rules, predicts bioactivities with a validated, similarity-based approach, and optimizes the composition of small sets of compounds towards maximum target coverage and novelty. We found that, in comparison to the random selection of compounds for a library, our approach generates substantially improved compound sets. Quantified as the "fitness" of compound libraries, the calculated improvements ranged from +60% (for a library of 15,000 compounds) to +184% (for a library of 1000 compounds). The best of the optimized compound libraries prepared in this work are available for download as a dataset bundle ("BonMOLière").
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neann Mathai
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU) and Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Conrad Stork
- Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Department of Informatics, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU) and Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nelson A, Karageorgis G. Natural product-informed exploration of chemical space to enable bioactive molecular discovery. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:353-362. [PMID: 34046620 PMCID: PMC8130614 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new bioactive molecules remains an open challenge limiting our ability to discover new drugs to treat disease and chemical probes to comprehensively study biological processes. The vastness of chemical space renders its exploration unfeasible by synthesis alone. Historically, chemists have tended to explore chemical space unevenly without committing to systematic frameworks for navigation. This minireview covers a range of approaches that take inspiration from the structure or origin of natural products, and help focus molecular discovery on biologically-relevant regions of chemical space. All these approaches have enabled the discovery of distinctive and novel bioactive small molecules such as useful chemical probes of biological mechanisms. This minireview comments on how such approaches may be developed into more general frameworks for the systematic identification of currently unexplored regions of biologically-relevant chemical space, a challenge that is central to both chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
| | - George Karageorgis
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meier K, Arús‐Pous J, Reymond J. A Potent and Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor with a Chiral 3D‐Shaped Triquinazine Ring System from Chemical Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Meier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Josep Arús‐Pous
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laiolo J, Barbieri CL, Joray MB, Lanza PA, Palacios SM, Vera DMA, Carpinella MC. Plant extracts and betulin from Ligaria cuneifolia inhibit P-glycoprotein function in leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 147:111922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
14
|
Xie F, Dai S, Zhao Y, Huang P, Yu S, Ren B, Wang Q, Ji Z, Alterovitz G, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Chen X, Jiang L, Song F, Liu H, Ausubel FM, Liu X, Dai H, Zhang L. Generation of Fluorinated Amychelin Siderophores against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections by a Combination of Genome Mining and Mutasynthesis. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1532-1543.e6. [PMID: 33186541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pioneering microbial genomic surveys have revealed numerous untapped biosynthetic gene clusters, unveiling the great potential of new natural products. Here, using a combination of genome mining, mutasynthesis, and activity screening in an infection model comprising Caenorhabditis elegans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we identified candidate virulence-blocking amychelin siderophore compounds from actinomycetes. Subsequently, we developed unreported analogs of these virulence-blocking siderophores with improved potency by exploiting an Amycolatopsis methanolica strain 239T chorismate to salicylate a biosynthetic subpathway for mutasynthesis. This allowed us to generate the fluorinated amychelin, fluoroamychelin I, which rescued C. elegans from P. aeruginosa-mediated killing with an EC50 value of 1.4 μM, outperforming traditional antibiotics including ceftazidime and meropenem. In general, this paper describes an efficient platform for the identification and production of classes of anti-microbial compounds with potential unique modes of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengwang Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shen Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiushui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zengchun Ji
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuhang Song
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Frederick M Ausubel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meier K, Arús‐Pous J, Reymond J. A Potent and Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor with a Chiral 3D‐Shaped Triquinazine Ring System from Chemical Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2074-2077. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Meier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Josep Arús‐Pous
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vincent F, Loria PM, Weston AD, Steppan CM, Doyonnas R, Wang YM, Rockwell KL, Peakman MC. Hit Triage and Validation in Phenotypic Screening: Considerations and Strategies. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1332-1346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
17
|
Raghavan AR, Yadav VG. Harnessing emerging paradigms in chemical engineering to accelerate the development of pharmaceutical products. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adhithi R. Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & School of Biomedical Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Vikramaditya G. Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & School of Biomedical Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fox KA, Chadda R, Cardona F, Barron S, McArdle P, Murphy PV. Building blocks from monosaccharides for synthesis of scaffolds, including macrocycles. Application of allylic azide rearrangement, azide-alkyne cycloaddition and ring closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Sachdeva C, Mohanakrishnan D, Kumar S, Kaushik NK. Assessment of in vitro and in vivo antimalarial efficacy and GC-fingerprints of selected medicinal plant extracts. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108011. [PMID: 33010286 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of mortality and morbidity, malaria is affecting nearly half of the world's population. Emergence of drug-resistant strains of malarial parasite prompts identification and evaluation of medicinal plants and their constituents that may hold the key to a new and effective anti-malarial drug. In this context, nineteen methanolic extracts from seventeen medicinal plants were evaluated for anti-plasmodial potential against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 (Chloroquine (CQ) sensitive) and INDO (CQ resistant) using fluorescence based SYBR-Green assay and for cytotoxic effects against mammalian cell lines. Leaf extract of two plants showed promising in vitro anti-malarial activity (Pf3D7 IC50 ≤ 10 μg/ml); one plant extract showed good activity (Pf3D7 IC50 = 10.1-20 μg/ml); seven were moderately active (IC50 = 20.1-50 μg/ml), four plant extracts showed poor activity (PfD7 IC50 = 50.1-100 μg/ml) and five extracts showed no activity up to IC50 = 100 μg/ml. Further, six extracts were found equipotent to PfINDO (resistance index ranging 0.4-2) and relatively nontoxic to mammalian cell lines HEK293 (cytotoxicity index ranging 1.4-12.5). Based on good resistance and selectivity indices, three extracts were evaluated for in vivo activity in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg and they showed significant suppression of P. berghei parasitemia. Further, these active plant extracts were fractionated using silica-gel chromatography and their fractions were evaluated for anti-plasmodial action. Obtained fractions showed enrichment in antimalarial activity. Active fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass-spectrometery. Results suggests that the three active plant extracts could serve as potent source of anti-malarial agent and therefore require further analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Mohanakrishnan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Germplasm Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture (Govt. of India), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Silva LJ, Crevelin EJ, Souza DT, Lacerda-Júnior GV, de Oliveira VM, Ruiz ALTG, Rosa LH, Moraes LAB, Melo IS. Actinobacteria from Antarctica as a source for anticancer discovery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13870. [PMID: 32807803 PMCID: PMC7431910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many advances have been achieved to treat aggressive tumours, cancer remains a leading cause of death and a public health problem worldwide. Among the main approaches for the discovery of new bioactive agents, the prospect of microbial secondary metabolites represents an effective source for the development of drug leads. In this study, we investigated the actinobacterial diversity associated with an endemic Antarctic species, Deschampsia antarctica, by integrated culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and acknowledged this niche as a reservoir of bioactive strains for the production of antitumour compounds. The 16S rRNA-based analysis showed the predominance of the Actinomycetales order, a well-known group of bioactive metabolite producers belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum. Cultivation techniques were applied, and 72 psychrotolerant Actinobacteria strains belonging to the genera Actinoplanes, Arthrobacter, Kribbella, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pilimelia, Pseudarthrobacter, Rhodococcus, Streptacidiphilus, Streptomyces and Tsukamurella were identified. The secondary metabolites were screened, and 17 isolates were identified as promising antitumour compound producers. However, the bio-guided assay showed a pronounced antiproliferative activity for the crude extracts of Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1527 and Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1653. The TGI and LC50 values revealed the potential of these natural products to control the proliferation of breast (MCF-7), glioblastoma (U251), lung/non-small (NCI-H460) and kidney (786-0) human cancer cell lines. Cinerubin B and actinomycin V were the predominant compounds identified in Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1527 and Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1653, respectively. Our results suggest that the rhizosphere of D. antarctica represents a prominent reservoir of bioactive actinobacteria strains and reveals it as an important environment for potential antitumour agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Jose Silva
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Crevelin
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Applied To Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Tosta Souza
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Applied To Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gileno Vieira Lacerda-Júnior
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Maia de Oliveira
- Microbial Resourses Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Institute - Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Applied To Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Itamar Soares Melo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karaman Mayack B, Sippl W, Ntie-Kang F. Natural Products as Modulators of Sirtuins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143287. [PMID: 32698385 PMCID: PMC7397027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been used for the treatment of human diseases since ancient history. Over time, due to the lack of precise tools and techniques for the separation, purification, and structural elucidation of active constituents in natural resources there has been a decline in financial support and efforts in characterization of natural products. Advances in the design of chemical compounds and the understanding of their functions is of pharmacological importance for the biomedical field. However, natural products regained attention as sources of novel drug candidates upon recent developments and progress in technology. Natural compounds were shown to bear an inherent ability to bind to biomacromolecules and cover an unparalleled chemical space in comparison to most libraries used for high-throughput screening. Thus, natural products hold a great potential for the drug discovery of new scaffolds for therapeutic targets such as sirtuins. Sirtuins are Class III histone deacetylases that have been linked to many diseases such as Parkinson`s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, type II diabetes, and cancer linked to aging. In this review, we examine the revitalization of interest in natural products for drug discovery and discuss natural product modulators of sirtuins that could serve as a starting point for the development of isoform selective and highly potent drug-like compounds, as well as the potential application of naturally occurring sirtuin inhibitors in human health and those in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berin Karaman Mayack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (W.S.); (F.N.-K.)
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (W.S.); (F.N.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea CM-00237, Cameroon
- Institute of Botany, Technical University of Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feyaerts AF, Luyten W, Van Dijck P. Striking essential oil: tapping into a largely unexplored source for drug discovery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2867. [PMID: 32071337 PMCID: PMC7028914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been used therapeutically for centuries. In recent decades, randomized controlled (clinical) trials have supported efficacy in specific therapeutic indications for a few of them. Some EOs, their components or derivatives thereof have been approved as drugs. Nevertheless, they are still considered products that are mainly used in complementary and alternative medicine. EO components occupy a special niche in chemical space, that offers unique opportunities based on their unusual physicochemical properties, because they are typically volatile and hydrophobic. Here we evaluate selected physicochemical parameters, used in conventional drug discovery, of EO components present in a range of commercially available EOs. We show that, contrary to generally held belief, most EO components meet current-day requirements of medicinal chemistry for good drug candidates. Moreover, they also offer attractive opportunities for lead optimization or even fragment-based drug discovery. Because their therapeutic potential is still under-scrutinized, we propose that this be explored more vigorously with present-day methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Feyaerts
- VIB Center for Microbiology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB Center for Microbiology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morgan BS, Forte JE, Hargrove AE. Insights into the development of chemical probes for RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8025-8037. [PMID: 30102391 PMCID: PMC6144806 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the RNA revolution has revealed thousands of non-coding RNAs that are essential for cellular regulation and are misregulated in disease. While the development of methods and tools to study these RNAs has been challenging, the power and promise of small molecule chemical probes is increasingly recognized. To harness existing knowledge, we compiled a list of 116 ligands with reported activity against RNA targets in biological systems (R-BIND). In this survey, we examine the RNA targets, design and discovery strategies, and chemical probe characterization techniques of these ligands. We discuss the applicability of current tools to identify and evaluate RNA-targeted chemical probes, suggest criteria to assess the quality of RNA chemical probes and targets, and propose areas where new tools are particularly needed. We anticipate that this knowledge will expedite the discovery of RNA-targeted ligands and the next phase of the RNA revolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan E Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Amanda E Hargrove
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of Bis-Cyclic Guanidines as Antiplasmodial Compounds from Positional Scanning Mixture-Based Libraries. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061100. [PMID: 30897744 PMCID: PMC6471430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The screening of more than 30 million compounds derived from 81 small molecule libraries built on 81 distinct scaffolds identified pyrrolidine bis-cyclic guanidine library (TPI-1955) to be one of the most active and selective antiplasmodial libraries. The screening of the positional scanning library TPI-1955 arranged on four sets of sublibraries (26 + 26 + 26 + 40), totaling 120 samples for testing provided information about the most important groups of each variable position in the TPI-1955 library containing 738,192 unique compounds. The parallel synthesis of the individual compounds derived from the deconvolution of the positional scanning library led to the identification of active selective antiplasmodial pyrrolidine bis-cyclic guanidines.
Collapse
|
25
|
Green and Facile Assembly of Diverse Fused N-Heterocycles Using Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions in Water. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050988. [PMID: 30862100 PMCID: PMC6429411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes an AuPPh3Cl/AgSbF6-catalyzed cascade reaction between amine nucleophiles and alkynoic acids in water. This process proceeds in high step economy with water as the sole coproduct, and leads to the generation of two rings, together with the formation of three new bonds in a single operation. This green cascade process exhibits valuable features such as low catalyst loading, good to excellent yields, high efficiency in bond formation, excellent selectivity, great tolerance of functional groups, and extraordinarily broad substrate scope. In addition, this is the first example of the generation of an indole/thiophene/pyrrole/pyridine/naphthalene/benzene-fused N-heterocycle library through gold catalysis in water from readily available materials. Notably, the discovery of antibacterial molecules from this library demonstrates its high quality and potential for the identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Collapse
|
26
|
Flagstad T, Azevedo CMG, Troelsen NS, Min GK, Macé Y, Willaume A, Guilleux R, Velay M, Bonnet K, Morgentin R, Nielsen TE, Clausen MH. Generation of a Heteropolycyclic and sp3
-Rich Scaffold for Library Synthesis from a Highly Diastereoselective Petasis/Diels-Alder and ROM-RCM Reaction Sequence. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Flagstad
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Carlos M. G. Azevedo
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Nikolaj S. Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Geanna K. Min
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Yohan Macé
- EDELRIS; 115 Avenue Lacassagne F-69003 France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Science Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 637551 Singapore Singapore
- Costerton Biofilm Center; Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; DK-2200 Copenhagen DK Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gene-guided discovery and engineering of branched cyclic peptides in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10961-E10969. [PMID: 30373830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813993115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom contains vastly untapped natural product chemistry, which has been traditionally explored through the activity-guided approach. Here, we describe a gene-guided approach to discover and engineer a class of plant ribosomal peptides, the branched cyclic lyciumins. Initially isolated from the Chinese wolfberry Lycium barbarum, lyciumins are protease-inhibiting peptides featuring an N-terminal pyroglutamate and a macrocyclic bond between a tryptophan-indole nitrogen and a glycine α-carbon. We report the identification of a lyciumin precursor gene from L. barbarum, which encodes a BURP domain and repetitive lyciumin precursor peptide motifs. Genome mining enabled by this initial finding revealed rich lyciumin genotypes and chemotypes widespread in flowering plants. We establish a biosynthetic framework of lyciumins and demonstrate the feasibility of producing diverse natural and unnatural lyciumins in transgenic tobacco. With rapidly expanding plant genome resources, our approach will complement bioactivity-guided approaches to unlock and engineer hidden plant peptide chemistry for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Saha A, Varghese T, Liu A, Allen SJ, Mirzadegan T, Hack MD. An Analysis of Different Components of a High-Throughput Screening Library. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:2057-2068. [PMID: 30204440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since many projects at pharmaceutical organizations get their start from a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign, improving the quality of the HTS deck can improve the likelihood of discovering a high-quality lead molecule that can be progressed to a drug candidate. Over the past decade, Janssen has implemented several strategies for external compound acquisition to augment the screening deck beyond the chemical space and number of molecules synthesized for internal projects. In this report, we analyzed the performance of each of those compound collections in the screening campaigns performed internally within Janssen during the last five years. We classified the screening library into two broad categories: Internal and External. The comparison of the performance of these sets of libraries was done by considering the primary, confirmation, and dose response hit rates. Our analysis revealed that Internal compounds (resulting from numerous medicinal chemistry efforts against diverse protein targets) have higher average confirmation hit rates than External ones; however, actives from both categories show similar probabilities of hitting multiple distinct targets. We also investigated the property landscape of both sets of libraries to identify the key elements which make a difference in these categories of compounds. From this analysis, Janssen aims to understand the descriptor landscape of the compounds with the highest hit rates and to use them for improving its future acquisition strategies as well as to inform our plating strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Saha
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , La Jolla , California 92121 , United States
| | - Teena Varghese
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , La Jolla , California 92121 , United States
| | - Annie Liu
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , La Jolla , California 92121 , United States
| | - Samantha J Allen
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , La Jolla , California 92121 , United States
| | - Taraneh Mirzadegan
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , La Jolla , California 92121 , United States
| | - Michael D Hack
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , La Jolla , California 92121 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Saati-Santamaría Z, López-Mondéjar R, Jiménez-Gómez A, Díez-Méndez A, Větrovský T, Igual JM, Velázquez E, Kolarik M, Rivas R, García-Fraile P. Discovery of Phloeophagus Beetles as a Source of Pseudomonas Strains That Produce Potentially New Bioactive Substances and Description of Pseudomonas bohemica sp. nov. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:913. [PMID: 29867824 PMCID: PMC5953339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem that threatens the effectiveness of treatments for microbial infection. Consequently, it is essential to study unexplored niches that can serve for the isolation of new microbial strains able to produce antimicrobial compounds to develop new drugs. Bark beetles live in phloem of host trees and establish symbioses with microorganisms that provide them with nutrients. In addition, some of their associated bacteria play a role in the beetle protection by producing substances that inhibit antagonists. In this study the capacity of several bacterial strains, isolated from the bark beetles Ips acuminatus, Pityophthorus pityographus Cryphalus piceae, and Pityogenes bidentatus, to produce antimicrobial compounds was analyzed. Several isolates exhibited the capacity to inhibit Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. The genome sequence analysis of three Pseudomonas isolates predicted the presence of several gene clusters implicated in the production of already described antimicrobials and moreover, the low similarity of some of these clusters with those previously described, suggests that they encode new undescribed substances, which may be useful for developing new antimicrobial agents. Moreover, these bacteria appear to have genetic machinery for producing antitumoral and antiviral substances. Finally, the strain IA19T showed to represent a new species of the genus Pseudomonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that its most closely related species include Pseudomonas lutea, Pseudomonas graminis, Pseudomonas abietaniphila and Pseudomonas alkylphenolica, with 98.6, 98.5 98.4, and 98.4% identity, respectively. MLSA of the housekeeping genes gyrB, rpoB, and rpoD confirmed that strain IA19T clearly separates from its closest related species. Average nucleotide identity between strains IA19T and P. abietaniphila ATCC 700689T, P. graminis DSM 11363T, P. alkylphenolica KL28T and P. lutea DSM 17257T were 85.3, 80.2, 79.0, and 72.1%, respectively. Growth occurs at 4-37°C and pH 6.5-8. Optimal growth occurs at 28°C, pH 7-8 and up to 2.5% NaCl. Respiratory ubiquinones are Q9 (97%) and Q8 (3%). C16:0 and in summed feature 3 are the main fatty acids. Based on genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the description of Pseudomonas bohemica sp. nov. has been proposed. The type strain is IA19T (=CECT 9403T = LMG 30182T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Saati-Santamaría
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Jiménez-Gómez
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alexandra Díez-Méndez
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - José M Igual
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Associated R&D Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Encarna Velázquez
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Salamanca, Spain.,Associated R&D Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miroslav Kolarik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Salamanca, Spain.,Associated R&D Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chakravorty SJ, Chan J, Greenwood MN, Popa-Burke I, Remlinger KS, Pickett SD, Green DVS, Fillmore MC, Dean TW, Luengo JI, Macarrón R. Nuisance Compounds, PAINS Filters, and Dark Chemical Matter in the GSK HTS Collection. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:532-545. [PMID: 29699447 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218768497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) hits include compounds with undesirable properties. Many filters have been described to identify such hits. Notably, pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) has been adopted by the community as the standard term to refer to such filters, and very useful guidelines have been adopted by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and subsequently triggered a healthy scientific debate about the pitfalls of draconian use of filters. Using an inhibitory frequency index, we have analyzed in detail the promiscuity profile of the whole GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) HTS collection comprising more than 2 million unique compounds that have been tested in hundreds of screening assays. We provide a comprehensive analysis of many previously published filters and newly described classes of nuisance structures that may serve as a useful source of empirical information to guide the design or growth of HTS collections and hit triaging strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhas J Chakravorty
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Computational Chemistry, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - James Chan
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Sample Management Technologies, Collegeville, PA, USA.,3 Retired, PA, USA
| | - Marie Nicole Greenwood
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Sample Management Technologies, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ioana Popa-Burke
- 4 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Sample Management Technologies, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,5 Sandoz, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja S Remlinger
- 6 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Statistical Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stephen D Pickett
- 7 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Computational Chemistry, Stevenage, UK
| | - Darren V S Green
- 7 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Computational Chemistry, Stevenage, UK
| | - Martin C Fillmore
- 8 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemistry, Stevenage, UK
| | - Tony W Dean
- 8 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemistry, Stevenage, UK
| | - Juan I Luengo
- 9 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemistry, Collegeville, PA, USA.,10 Prelude Therapeutics, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ricardo Macarrón
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline R&D Pharmaceuticals, Sample Management Technologies, Collegeville, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ishoey M, Petersen RG, Petersen MÅ, Wu P, Clausen MH, Nielsen TE. Diastereoselective synthesis of novel heterocyclic scaffolds through tandem Petasis 3-component/intramolecular Diels-Alder and ROM-RCM reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9410-9413. [PMID: 28714998 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A high-yielding, stereoselective and extraordinarily complexity-generating Petasis 3-component/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction has been developed. In combination with ROM-RCM, rapid access to complex sp3-rich heterocyclic scaffolds amenable to subsequent functionalization and library synthesis is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ishoey
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Firth JD, Craven PGE, Lilburn M, Pahl A, Marsden SP, Nelson A. A biosynthesis-inspired approach to over twenty diverse natural product-like scaffolds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:9837-40. [PMID: 27424656 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach to diverse scaffolds was developed that was inspired by diterpene biosynthesis. Initial scaffolds, generated using Diels-Alder reactions of furyl-functionalised amines, were transformed into alternative scaffolds using cleavage, ring expansion, annulation and rearrangement reactions. In total, 25 diverse scaffolds were prepared that were shown to have high natural product-likeness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Firth
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | | | - Matthew Lilburn
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
SistematX, an Online Web-Based Cheminformatics Tool for Data Management of Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010103. [PMID: 29301376 PMCID: PMC6017134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional work of a natural products researcher consists in large part of time-consuming experimental work, collecting biota to prepare and analyze extracts and to identify innovative metabolites. However, along this long scientific path, much information is lost or restricted to a specific niche. The large amounts of data already produced and the science of metabolomics reveal new questions: Are these compounds known or new? How fast can this information be obtained? To answer these and other relevant questions, an appropriate procedure to correctly store information on the data retrieved from the discovered metabolites is necessary. The SistematX (http://sistematx.ufpb.br) interface is implemented considering the following aspects: (a) the ability to search by structure, SMILES (Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System) code, compound name and species; (b) the ability to save chemical structures found by searching; (c) compound data results include important characteristics for natural products chemistry; and (d) the user can find specific information for taxonomic rank (from family to species) of the plant from which the compound was isolated, the searched-for molecule, and the bibliographic reference and Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. The SistematX homepage allows the user to log into the data management area using a login name and password and gain access to administration pages. In this article, we introduced a modern and innovative web interface for the management of a secondary metabolite database. With its multiplatform design, it is able to be properly consulted via the internet and managed from any accredited computer. The interface provided by SistematX contains a wealth of useful information for the scientific community about natural products, highlighting the locations of species from which compounds are isolated.
Collapse
|
34
|
Malisetty VL, Penugurti V, Panta P, Chitta SK, Manavathi B. MTA1 expression in human cancers - Clinical and pharmacological significance. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:956-964. [PMID: 28915537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkably, majority of the cancer deaths are due to metastasis, not because of primary tumors. Metastasis is one of the important hallmarks of cancer. During metastasis invasion of primary tumor cells from the site of origin to a new organ occurs. Metastasis associated proteins (MTAs) are a small family of transcriptional coregulators that are closely associated with tumor metastasis. These proteins are integral components of nuclear remodeling and deacetylation complex (NuRD). By virtue of being integral components of NuRD, these proteins regulate the gene expression by altering the epigenetic changes such as acetylation and methylation on the target gene chromatin. Among the MTA proteins, MTA1 expression is very closely correlated with the aggressiveness of several cancers that includes breast, liver, colon, pancreas, prostate, blood, esophageal, gastro-intestinal etc. Considering its close association with aggressiveness in human cancers, MTA1 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The recent developments in its crystal structure further strengthened the idea of developing small molecule inhibitors for MTA1. In this review, we discuss the recent trends on the diverse functions of MTA1 and its role in various cancers, with the focus to consider MTA1 as a 'druggable' target in the control of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Prashanth Panta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Chitta
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, AP, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhu W, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang J, Peng X, Chen X, Gao Y, Li C, He Y, Ai J, Geng M, Zheng M, Liu H. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Multisubstituted Pyridin-3-amine Derivatives as Multitargeted Protein Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6018-6035. [PMID: 28714692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyridin-3-amine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multitargeted protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hit 1 was first disclosed by in silico screening against fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), which was subsequently validated by in vitro experiments. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of its analogues was then explored to afford novel FGFR inhibitors 2a-2p and 3a-3q. Among them, 3m showed potent inhibition against FGFR1, 2, and 3. Interestingly, compound 3m not only inhibited various phosphorylation and downstream signaling across different oncogenic forms in FGFR-overactivated cancer cells but also showed nanomolar level inhibition against several other NSCLC-related oncogene kinases, including RET, EGFR, EGFR/T790M/L858R, DDR2, and ALK. Finally, in vivo pharmacology evaluations of 3m showed significant antitumor activity (TGI = 66.1%) in NCI-H1581 NSCLC xenografts with a good pharmacokinetic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianjie Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinglei Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunpu Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Carreyre H, Carré G, Ouedraogo M, Vandebrouck C, Bescond J, Supuran CT, Thibaudeau S. Bioactive Natural Product and Superacid Chemistry for Lead Compound Identification: A Case Study of Selective hCA III and L-Type Ca 2+ Current Inhibitors for Hypotensive Agent Discovery. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060915. [PMID: 28561785 PMCID: PMC6152723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dodoneine (Ddn) is one of the active compounds identified from Agelanthusdodoneifolius, which is a medicinal plant used in African pharmacopeia and traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension. In the context of a scientific program aiming at discovering new hypotensive agents through the original combination of natural product discovery and superacid chemistry diversification, and after evidencing dodoneine's vasorelaxant effect on rat aorta, superacid modifications allowed us to generate original analogues which showed selective human carbonic anhydrase III (hCA III) and L-type Ca2+ current inhibition. These derivatives can now be considered as new lead compounds for vasorelaxant therapeutics targeting these two proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Carreyre
- Superacid Group/Organic Synthesis Team, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP-UMR CNRS 7285, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Grégoire Carré
- STIM-ERL CNRS 7368 Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Maurice Ouedraogo
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | | | - Jocelyn Bescond
- STIM-ERL CNRS 7368 Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Sez, Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Superacid Group/Organic Synthesis Team, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP-UMR CNRS 7285, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 09, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Andersen RJ. Sponging off nature for new drug leads. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 139:3-14. [PMID: 28411115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine sponges have consistently been the richest source of new marine natural products with unprecedented chemical scaffolds and potent biological activities that have been reported in the chemical literature since the early 1970s. During the last 40years, chemists in the Andersen laboratory at UBC, in collaboration with biologists, have discovered many novel bioactive sponge natural products. Four experimental drug candidates for treatment of inflammation and cancer, that were inspired by members of this sponge natural product collection, have progressed to phase I/II/III clinical trials. This review recounts the scientific stories behind the discovery and development of these four drug candidates; IPL576,092, HTI-286 (Taltobulin), EPI-506 (Ralaniten acetate), and AQX-1125.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
To help define the molecular basis of cellular signalling cascades, and their biological functions, there is considerable value in utilizing a high-quality chemical 'probe' that has a well-defined interaction with a specific cellular protein. Such reagents include inhibitors of protein kinases and small molecule kinases, as well as mimics or antagonists of intracellular signals. The purpose of this review is to consider recent progress and promising future directions for the development of novel molecules that can interrogate and manipulate the cellular actions of inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs)--a specialized, 'energetic' group of cell-signalling molecules in which multiple phosphate and diphosphate groups are crammed around a cyclohexane polyol scaffold.
Collapse
|
39
|
Baughman BM, Wang H, An Y, Kireev D, Stashko MA, Jessen HJ, Pearce KH, Frye SV, Shears SB. A High-Throughput Screening-Compatible Strategy for the Identification of Inositol Pyrophosphate Kinase Inhibitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164378. [PMID: 27736936 PMCID: PMC5063353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological tools-'chemical probes'-that intervene in cell signaling cascades are important for complementing genetically-based experimental approaches. Probe development frequently begins with a high-throughput screen (HTS) of a chemical library. Herein, we describe the design, validation, and implementation of the first HTS-compatible strategy against any inositol phosphate kinase. Our target enzyme, PPIP5K, synthesizes 'high-energy' inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), which regulate cell function at the interface between cellular energy metabolism and signal transduction. We optimized a time-resolved, fluorescence resonance energy transfer ADP-assay to record PPIP5K-catalyzed, ATP-driven phosphorylation of 5-InsP7 to 1,5-InsP8 in 384-well format (Z' = 0.82 ± 0.06). We screened a library of 4745 compounds, all anticipated to be membrane-permeant, which are known-or conjectured based on their structures-to target the nucleotide binding site of protein kinases. At a screening concentration of 13 μM, fifteen compounds inhibited PPIP5K >50%. The potency of nine of these hits was confirmed by dose-response analyses. Three of these molecules were selected from different structural clusters for analysis of binding to PPIP5K, using isothermal calorimetry. Acceptable thermograms were obtained for two compounds, UNC10112646 (Kd = 7.30 ± 0.03 μM) and UNC10225498 (Kd = 1.37 ± 0.03 μM). These Kd values lie within the 1-10 μM range generally recognized as suitable for further probe development. In silico docking data rationalizes the difference in affinities. HPLC analysis confirmed that UNC10225498 and UNC10112646 directly inhibit PPIP5K-catalyzed phosphorylation of 5-InsP7 to 1,5-InsP8; kinetic experiments showed inhibition to be competitive with ATP. No other biological activity has previously been ascribed to either UNC10225498 or UNC10112646; moreover, at 10 μM, neither compound inhibits IP6K2, a structurally-unrelated PP-InsP kinase. Our screening strategy may be generally applicable to inhibitor discovery campaigns for other inositol phosphate kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandi M. Baughman
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Huanchen Wang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yi An
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dmitri Kireev
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Stashko
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Shears
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Plate-based diversity subset screening generation 2: an improved paradigm for high-throughput screening of large compound files. Mol Divers 2016; 20:789-803. [PMID: 27631533 PMCID: PMC5055576 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) is an effective method for lead and probe discovery that is widely used in industry and academia to identify novel chemical matter and to initiate the drug discovery process. However, HTS can be time consuming and costly and the use of subsets as an efficient alternative to screening entire compound collections has been investigated. Subsets may be selected on the basis of chemical diversity, molecular properties, biological activity diversity or biological target focus. Previously, we described a novel form of subset screening: plate-based diversity subset (PBDS) screening, in which the screening subset is constructed by plate selection (rather than individual compound cherry-picking), using algorithms that select for compound quality and chemical diversity on a plate basis. In this paper, we describe a second-generation approach to the construction of an updated subset: PBDS2, using both plate and individual compound selection, that has an improved coverage of the chemical space of the screening file, whilst only selecting the same number of plates for screening. We describe the validation of PBDS2 and its successful use in hit and lead discovery. PBDS2 screening became the default mode of singleton (one compound per well) HTS for lead discovery in Pfizer.
Collapse
|
41
|
Majhail MK, Ylioja PM, Willis MC. Direct Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles and Dihydropyrroles Using Linear Selective Hydroacylation Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:7879-84. [PMID: 27106284 PMCID: PMC5074311 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium(I) catalysts incorporating small bite-angle diphosphine ligands, such as (Cy2 P)2 NMe or bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), are effective at catalysing the union of aldehydes and propargylic amines to deliver the linear hydroacylation adducts in good yields and with high selectivities. In situ treatment of the hydroacylation adducts with p-TSA triggers a dehydrative cyclisation to provide the corresponding pyrroles. The use of allylic amines, in place of the propargylic substrates, delivers functionalised dihydropyrroles. The hydroacylation reactions can also be combined in a cascade process with a Rh(I) -catalysed Suzuki-type coupling employing aryl boronic acids, providing a three-component assembly of highly substituted pyrroles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet K Majhail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul M Ylioja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Michael C Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Garcia-Castro M, Zimmermann S, Sankar MG, Kumar K. Gerüstdiversitätsbasierte Synthese und ihre Anwendung bei der Sonden- und Wirkstoffsuche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garcia-Castro
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Muthukumar G. Sankar
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Garcia-Castro M, Zimmermann S, Sankar MG, Kumar K. Scaffold Diversity Synthesis and Its Application in Probe and Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7586-605. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garcia-Castro
- Department of Chemical Biology; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Chemical Biology; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Muthukumar G. Sankar
- Department of Chemical Biology; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Department of Chemical Biology; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao YH, Li Y, Guo T, Tang Z, Xie W, Zhao G. Selective synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
45
|
Zhang W, Wang J, Mao J, Hu L, Wu X, Guo C. Three-component domino cyclization of novel carbazole and indole fused pyrano[2,3-c]pyridine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Davis OA, Croft RA, Bull JA. Synthesis of diversely functionalised 2,2-disubstituted oxetanes: fragment motifs in new chemical space. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:15446-9. [PMID: 26344367 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Di-, tri- and tetra-substituted oxetane derivatives with combinations of ester, amide, nitrile, aryl, sulfone and phosphonate substituents are prepared as fragments or building blocks for drug discovery. The synthesis of these novel oxetane functional groups, in new chemical space, is achieved via rhodium-catalysed O-H insertion and C-C bond forming cyclisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Powell DJ, Hertzberg RP, Macarrόn R. Design and Implementation of High-Throughput Screening Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1439:1-32. [PMID: 27316985 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3673-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HTS remains at the core of the drug discovery process, and so it is critical to design and implement HTS assays in a comprehensive fashion involving scientists from the disciplines of biology, chemistry, engineering, and informatics. This requires careful consideration of many options and variables, starting with the choice of screening strategy and ending with the discovery of lead compounds. At every step in this process, there are decisions to be made that can greatly impact the outcome of the HTS effort, to the point of making it a success or a failure. Although specific guidelines should be established to ensure that the screening assay reaches an acceptable level of quality, many choices require pragmatism and the ability to compromise opposing forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Powell
- Alternative Drug Discovery, GSK Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK.
| | | | - Ricardo Macarrόn
- Alternative Drug Discovery, GSK Pharmaceuticals, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Upper Providence, PA, 19426, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yokoshima S, Ishikawa M, Beniyama Y, Fukuyama T. Chemical Transformation of an Intermediate in the Synthesis of Huperzine A, Leading to a Diverse Array of Molecules. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1528-1531. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youko Beniyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Matuszek AM, Reynisson J. Defining Known Drug Space Using DFT. Mol Inform 2015; 35:46-53. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
50
|
Janzen WP. Screening technologies for small molecule discovery: the state of the art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:1162-70. [PMID: 25237860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Screening, high-throughput screening, and ultra-high-throughput screening are all really just points on a spectrum that represent differing applications of the same process: the creation of biologically relevant assays that are relevant, reproducible, reliable, and robust. Whether the discovery program is developing a pharmaceutical, an academic probe, cosmetics, pesticides, or a toxicity monitoring assay, the development of a screen focuses on generating a method that will reliably deliver reproducible results over a period of weeks, months, or years and that will generate consistent results for every test along the way. This review provides both historical perspective on how this unique scientific discipline evolved and commentary on the current state of the art technologies and techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Janzen
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|