1
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Dunn RE, Duckworth J, Green JA. A framework to unlock marine bird energetics. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246754. [PMID: 37990955 PMCID: PMC10753490 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Energetics can provide novel insights into the roles of animals, but employing an energetics approach has traditionally required extensive empirical physiological data on the focal species, something that can be challenging for those that inhabit marine environments. There is therefore a demand for a framework through which to estimate energy expenditure from readily available data. We present the energetic costs associated with important time- and energy-intensive behaviours across nine families of marine bird (including seabirds, ducks, divers and grebes) and nine ecological guilds. We demonstrate a worked example, calculating the year-round energetic expenditure of the great auk, Pinguinus impennis, under three migration scenarios, thereby illustrating the capacity of this approach to make predictions for data-deficient species. We provide a comprehensive framework through which to model marine bird energetics and demonstrate the power of this approach to provide novel, quantitative insights into the influence of marine birds within their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Dunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Lothian, EH14 4BA, UK
| | - James Duckworth
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 5DA, UK
| | - Jonathan A. Green
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 5DA, UK
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2
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Sentís M, Pacioni C, De Cuyper A, Janssens GP, Lens L, Strubbe D. Biophysical models accurately characterize the thermal energetics of a small invasive passerine bird. iScience 2023; 26:107743. [PMID: 37720095 PMCID: PMC10504485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective management of invasive species requires accurate predictions of their invasion potential in different environments. By considering species' physiological tolerances and requirements, biophysical mechanistic models can potentially deliver accurate predictions of where introduced species are likely to establish. Here, we evaluate biophysical model predictions of energy use by comparing them to experimentally obtained energy expenditure (EE) and thermoneutral zones (TNZs) for the common waxbill Estrilda astrild, a small-bodied avian invader. We show that biophysical models accurately predict TNZ and EE and that they perform better than traditional time-energy budget methods. Sensitivity analyses indicate that body temperature, metabolic rate, and feather characteristics were the most influential traits affecting model accuracy. This evaluation of common waxbill energetics represents a crucial step toward improved parameterization of biophysical models, eventually enabling accurate predictions of invasion risk for small (sub)tropical passerines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sentís
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cesare Pacioni
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies De Cuyper
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert P.J. Janssens
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Ste Marie E, Grémillet D, Fort J, Patterson A, Brisson-Curadeau É, Clairbaux M, Perret S, Speakman J, Elliott KH. Accelerating animal energetics: High dive costs in a small seabird disrupt the dynamic body acceleration - energy expenditure relationship. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275487. [PMID: 35593255 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerometry has been widely used to estimate energy expenditure in a broad array of terrestrial and aquatic species. However, a recent reappraisal of the method showed that relationships between dynamic body acceleration (DBA) and energy expenditure weaken as the proportion of non-mechanical costs increase. Aquatic air breathing species often exemplify this pattern, as buoyancy, thermoregulation and other physiological mechanisms disproportionately affect oxygen consumption during dives. Combining biologging with the doubly-labelled water method, we simultaneously recorded daily energy expenditure (DEE) and triaxial acceleration in one of the world's smallest wing-propelled breath-hold divers, the dovekie (Alle alle). These data were used to estimate the activity-specific costs of flying and diving and to test whether overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) is a reliable predictor of DEE in this abundant seabird. Average DEE for chick-rearing dovekies was 604±119 kJ/d across both sampling years. Despite recording lower stroke frequencies for diving than for flying (in line with allometric predictions for auks), dive costs were estimated to surpass flight costs in our sample of birds (flying: 7.24, diving: 9.37 X BMR). As expected, ODBA was not an effective predictor of DEE in this species. However, accelerometer-derived time budgets did accurately estimate DEE in dovekies. This work represents an empirical example of how the apparent energetic costs of buoyancy and thermoregulation limit the effectiveness of ODBA as the sole predictor of overall energy expenditure in small shallow-diving endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ste Marie
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Allison Patterson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émile Brisson-Curadeau
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manon Clairbaux
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 N73K, Ireland
| | - Samuel Perret
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier
| | - John Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Clairbaux M, Cheung WWL, Mathewson P, Porter W, Courbin N, Fort J, Strøm H, Moe B, Fauchald P, Descamps S, Helgason H, Bråthen VS, Merkel B, Anker-Nilssen T, Bringsvor IS, Chastel O, Christensen-Dalsgaard S, Danielsen J, Daunt F, Dehnhard N, Erikstad KE, Ezhov A, Gavrilo M, Krasnov Y, Langset M, Lorentsen SH, Newell M, Olsen B, Reiertsen TK, Systad G, Þórarinsson ÞL, Baran M, Diamond T, Fayet AL, Fitzsimmons MG, Frederiksen M, Gilchrist GH, Guilford T, Huffeldt NP, Jessopp M, Johansen KL, Kouwenberg AL, Linnebjerg JF, McFarlane Tranquilla L, Mallory M, Merkel FR, Montevecchi W, Mosbech A, Petersen A, Grémillet D. Meeting Paris agreement objectives will temper seabird winter distribution shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1457-1469. [PMID: 33347684 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We explored the implications of reaching the Paris Agreement Objective of limiting global warming to <2°C for the future winter distribution of the North Atlantic seabird community. We predicted and quantified current and future winter habitats of five North Atlantic Ocean seabird species (Alle alle, Fratercula arctica, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia and Rissa tridactyla) using tracking data for ~1500 individuals through resource selection functions based on mechanistic modeling of seabird energy requirements, and a dynamic bioclimate envelope model of seabird prey. Future winter distributions were predicted to shift with climate change, especially when global warming exceed 2°C under a "no mitigation" scenario, modifying seabird wintering hotspots in the North Atlantic Ocean. Our findings suggest that meeting Paris agreement objectives will limit changes in seabird selected habitat location and size in the North Atlantic Ocean during the 21st century. We thereby provide key information for the design of adaptive marine-protected areas in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Clairbaux
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - William W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Mathewson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Warren Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicolas Courbin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Fauchald
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Vegard S Bråthen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | | | | | | | - Nina Dehnhard
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell-Einar Erikstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexeï Ezhov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmansk, Russia
| | - Maria Gavrilo
- Association Maritime Heritage, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- National Park Russian Arctic, Archangelsk, Russia
| | - Yuri Krasnov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmansk, Russia
| | | | | | - Mark Newell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - Bergur Olsen
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Geir Systad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Mark Baran
- Atlantic Laboratory for Avian Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Tony Diamond
- Atlantic Laboratory for Avian Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Michelle G Fitzsimmons
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, NL, Canada
| | | | - Grant H Gilchrist
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Guilford
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas P Huffeldt
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Mark Jessopp
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Mallory
- Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | | | - William Montevecchi
- Psychology and Biology Departments, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
- Percy Fitz Patrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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5
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Amélineau F, Grémillet D, Harding AMA, Walkusz W, Choquet R, Fort J. Arctic climate change and pollution impact little auk foraging and fitness across a decade. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1014. [PMID: 30705325 PMCID: PMC6355795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing global changes apply drastic environmental forcing onto Arctic marine ecosystems, particularly through ocean warming, sea-ice shrinkage and enhanced pollution. To test impacts on arctic marine ecological functioning, we used a 12-year integrative study of little auks (Alle alle), the most abundant seabird in the Atlantic Arctic. We monitored the foraging ecology, reproduction, survival and body condition of breeding birds, and we tested linkages between these biological variables and a set of environmental parameters including sea-ice concentration (SIC) and mercury contamination. Little auks showed substantial plasticity in response to SIC, with deeper and longer dives but less time spent underwater and more time flying when SIC decreased. Their diet also contained less lipid-rich ice-associated prey when SIC decreased. Further, in contrast to former studies conducted at the annual scale, little auk fitness proxies were impacted by environmental changes: Adult body condition and chick growth rate were negatively linked to SIC and mercury contamination. However, no trend was found for adult survival despite high inter-annual variability. Our results suggest that potential benefits of milder climatic conditions in East Greenland may be offset by increasing pollution in the Arctic. Overall, our study stresses the importance of long-term studies integrating ecology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Amélineau
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France.
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute and DST/NRF Excellence Centre at the University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Ann M A Harding
- Environmental Science Department, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Wojciech Walkusz
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Rémi Choquet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
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6
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Persisting Worldwide Seabird-Fishery Competition Despite Seabird Community Decline. Curr Biol 2018; 28:4009-4013.e2. [PMID: 30528577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fisheries transform marine ecosystems and compete with predators [1], but temporal trends in seabird-fishery competition had never been assessed on a worldwide scale. Using catch reconstructions [2] for all fisheries targeting taxa that are also seabird prey, we demonstrated that average annual fishery catch increased from 59 to 65 million metric tons between 1970-1989 and 1990-2010. For the same periods, we estimated that global annual seabird food consumption decreased from 70 to 57 million metric tons. Despite this decrease, we found sustained global seabird-fishery food competition between 1970-1989 and 1990-2010. Enhanced competition was identified in 48% of all areas, notably the Southern Ocean, Asian shelves, Mediterranean Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Californian coast. Fisheries generate severe constraints for seabird populations on a worldwide scale, and those need to be addressed urgently. Indeed, seabirds are the most threatened bird group, with a 70% community-level population decline across 1950-2010 [3].
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7
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Mathewson PD, Hanson-Dorr KC, Porter WP, Bursian SJ, Dean KM, Healy K, Horak K, Link JE, Harr KE, Dorr BS. Experimental and modeled thermoregulatory costs of repeated sublethal oil exposure in the Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:216-223. [PMID: 30301033 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To fully understand the impact of oil exposure, it is important to understand sublethal effects like how increased thermoregulatory costs may affect survival and reproduction. However, it is difficult and time-consuming to measure these effects in wild animals. We present a novel use of a bioenergetics model, Niche Mapper™, to estimate thermoregulatory impacts of oiling, using data from captive Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) experimentally exposed to oil. Oiled cormorants had significant increases in surface body temperatures following exposure. Niche Mapper accurately predicted surface temperatures and metabolic rates for unoiled and oiled cormorants and predicted 13-18% increased daily energetic demands due to increased thermoregulatory costs of oiling, consistent with increased food consumption observed in experimentally oiled cormorants. We show that Niche Mapper can provide valuable insight into sublethal oiling effects by quantifying the extent to which thermoregulatory costs divert energy resources away from important life processes like maintenance, reproduction and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Mathewson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 250 North Mills Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Katie C Hanson-Dorr
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, P.O. Box 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Warren P Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 250 North Mills Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Steven J Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Karen M Dean
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth St., Ste. 201, Boulder, CO 80302-5148, USA
| | - Kate Healy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Resource Damage Assessment Regional Field Office, 341 Greeno Road North, Suite A, Fairhope, AL 36532, USA
| | - Katherine Horak
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Jane E Link
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Brian S Dorr
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, P.O. Box 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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8
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Medina I, Newton E, Kearney MR, Mulder RA, Porter WP, Stuart-Fox D. Reflection of near-infrared light confers thermal protection in birds. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3610. [PMID: 30190466 PMCID: PMC6127310 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologists have focused their attention on the optical functions of light reflected at ultraviolet and human-visible wavelengths. However, most radiant energy in sunlight occurs in 'unseen' near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The capacity to reflect solar radiation at NIR wavelengths may enable animals to control heat gain and remain within their critical thermal limits. Here, using a continent-wide phylogenetic analysis of Australian birds, we show that species occupying hot, arid environments reflect more radiant energy in NIR wavelengths than species in thermally benign environments, even when controlling for variation in visible colour. Biophysical models confirm that smaller species gain a greater advantage from high NIR reflectivity in hot, arid environments, reducing water loss from compensatory evaporative cooling by up to 2% body mass per hour. These results highlight the importance of NIR reflectivity for thermal protection, which may become increasingly critical as the frequency of extreme climatic events increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Medina
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Newton
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael R Kearney
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Raoul A Mulder
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Warren P Porter
- Department of Zoology, The University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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9
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A non-invasive approach to estimate the energetic requirements of an increasing seabird population in a perturbed marine ecosystem. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8343. [PMID: 29844530 PMCID: PMC5974355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing desire to integrate the food requirements of predators living in marine ecosystems impacted by humans into sustainable fisheries management. We used non-invasive video-recording, photography and focal observations to build time-energy budget models and to directly estimate the fish mass delivered to chicks by adult greater crested terns Thalasseus bergii breeding in the Benguela ecosystem. Mean modelled adult daily food intake increased from 140.9 g·d−1 of anchovy Engraulis capensis during incubation to 171.7 g·d−1 and 189.2 g·d−1 when provisioning small and large chicks, respectively. Modelled prey intake expected to be returned to chicks was 58.3 g·d−1 (95% credible intervals: 44.9–75.8 g·d−1) over the entire growth period. Based on our observations, chicks were fed 19.9 g·d−1 (17.2–23.0 g·d−1) to 45.1 g·d−1 (34.6–58.7 g·d−1) of anchovy during early and late provisioning, respectively. Greater crested terns have lower energetic requirements at the individual (range: 15–34%) and population level (range: 1–7%) than the other Benguela endemic seabirds that feed on forage fish. These modest requirements – based on a small body size and low flight costs – coupled with foraging plasticity have allowed greater crested terns to cope with changing prey availability, unlike the other seabirds species using the same exploited prey base.
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10
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Amélineau F, Fort J, Mathewson PD, Speirs DC, Courbin N, Perret S, Porter WP, Wilson RJ, Grémillet D. Energyscapes and prey fields shape a North Atlantic seabird wintering hotspot under climate change. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171883. [PMID: 29410875 PMCID: PMC5792952 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a better understanding of animal migratory ecology under the influence of climate change. Most current analyses require long-term monitoring of populations on the move, and shorter-term approaches are needed. Here, we analysed the ecological drivers of seabird migration within the framework of the energyscape concept, which we defined as the variations in the energy requirements of an organism across geographical space as a function of environmental conditions. We compared the winter location of seabirds with their modelled energy requirements and prey fields throughout the North Atlantic. Across six winters, we tracked the migration of 94 little auks (Alle alle), a key sentinel Arctic species, between their East Greenland breeding site and wintering areas off Newfoundland. Winter energyscapes were modelled with Niche Mapper™, a mechanistic tool which takes into account local climate and bird ecophysiology. Subsequently, we used a resource selection function to explain seabird distributions through modelled energyscapes and winter surface distribution of one of their main prey, Calanus finmarchicus. Finally, future energyscapes were calculated according to IPCC climate change scenarios. We found that little auks targeted areas with high prey densities and moderately elevated energyscapes. Predicted energyscapes for 2050 and 2095 showed a decrease in winter energy requirements under the high emission scenario, which may be beneficial if prey availability is maintained. Overall, our study demonstrates the great potential of the energyscape concept for the study of animal spatial ecology, in particular in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Amélineau
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
- Author for correspondence: F. Amélineau e-mail:
| | - J. Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - P. D. Mathewson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D. C. Speirs
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - N. Courbin
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - S. Perret
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - W. P. Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - D. Grémillet
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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11
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Enstipp MR, Ballorain K, Ciccione S, Narazaki T, Sato K, Georges J. Energy expenditure of adult green turtles (
Chelonia mydas
) at their foraging grounds and during simulated oceanic migration. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred R. Enstipp
- IPHC Université de Strasbourg 23 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
- UMR 7178 CNRS 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Katia Ballorain
- IPHC Université de Strasbourg 23 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
- UMR 7178 CNRS 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphane Ciccione
- Kélonia, l'observatoire des tortues marines BP 40 97436 Saint Leu La Réunion France
| | - Tomoko Narazaki
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo 5‐1‐5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277‐8564 Japan
| | - Katsufumi Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo 5‐1‐5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277‐8564 Japan
| | - Jean‐Yves Georges
- IPHC Université de Strasbourg 23 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
- UMR 7178 CNRS 67037 Strasbourg France
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12
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Fitzpatrick MJ, Mathewson PD, Porter WP. Validation of a Mechanistic Model for Non-Invasive Study of Ecological Energetics in an Endangered Wading Bird with Counter-Current Heat Exchange in its Legs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136677. [PMID: 26308207 PMCID: PMC4550283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic models provide a powerful, minimally invasive tool for gaining a deeper understanding of the ecology of animals across geographic space and time. In this paper, we modified and validated the accuracy of the mechanistic model Niche Mapper for simulating heat exchanges of animals with counter-current heat exchange mechanisms in their legs and animals that wade in water. We then used Niche Mapper to explore the effects of wading and counter-current heat exchange on the energy expenditures of Whooping Cranes, a long-legged wading bird. We validated model accuracy against the energy expenditure of two captive Whooping Cranes measured using the doubly-labeled water method and time energy budgets. Energy expenditure values modeled by Niche Mapper were similar to values measured by the doubly-labeled water method and values estimated from time-energy budgets. Future studies will be able to use Niche Mapper as a non-invasive tool to explore energy-based limits to the fundamental niche of Whooping Cranes and apply this knowledge to management decisions. Basic questions about the importance of counter-current exchange and wading to animal physiological tolerances can also now be explored with the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul D. Mathewson
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Warren P. Porter
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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13
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Marteinson SC, Giroux JF, Hélie JF, Gentes ML, Verreault J. Field Metabolic Rate Is Dependent on Time-Activity Budget in Ring-Billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) Breeding in an Anthropogenic Environment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126964. [PMID: 26020626 PMCID: PMC4447286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and behavioral factors have long been assumed to affect variation in avian field metabolic rate (FMR). However, due to the difficulties in measuring continuous behavior of birds over prolonged periods of time, complete time-activity budgets have rarely been examined in relation to FMR. Our objective was to determine the effect of activity (measured by detailed time-activity budgets) and a series of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on FMR of the omnivorous ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis). The experiment was conducted during the incubation period when both members of the pair alternate between attending the nest-site and leaving the colony to forage in aquatic and anthropogenic environments (city, agricultural). FMR was determined using the doubly labeled water method. Time-activity budgets were extrapolated from spatio-temporal data (2-5 days) obtained from bird-borne GPS data loggers. Gulls had low FMRs compared to those predicted by allometric equations based on recorded FMRs from several seabird species. Gulls proportioned their time mainly to nest-site attendance (71% of total tracking time), which reduced FMR/g body mass, and was the best variable explaining energy expenditure. The next best variable was the duration of foraging trips, which increased FMR/g; FMR/g was also elevated by the proportion of time spent foraging or flying (17% and 8% of tracking time respectively). Most environmental variables measured did not impact FMR/g, however, the percent of time birds were subjected to temperatures below their lower critical temperature increased FMR. Time-activity budgets varied between the sexes, and with temperature and capture date suggesting that these variables indirectly affected FMR/g. The gulls foraged preferentially in anthropogenic-related habitats, which may have contributed to their low FMR/g due to the high availability of protein- and lipid-rich foods. This study demonstrates that activities were the best predictors of FMR/g in ring-billed gulls, thus providing strong support for this long-standing theory in bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Marteinson
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l’environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Giroux
- Groupe de recherche en écologie comportementale et animale (GRECA), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Hélie
- Centre de recherche en géochimie et géodynamique (GEOTOP), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Gentes
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l’environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l’environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Włodarczyk R, Minias P. Division of parental duties confirms a need for bi-parental care in a precocial bird, the mute swan Cygnus olor. ANIM BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parental investment is much reduced in precocial species when compared with altricial species, which may explain a predominance of uni-parental care in this group of birds. In precocial wildfowl, bi-parental care is mostly restricted to arctic-breeding species, where the short reproductive season forces mates to cooperate in caring for the young, but a temperate breeding mute swan Cygnus olor is one of the few notable exceptions. In order to explain a need for bi-parental care in this species, we collected data on the time-budget of eleven swan breeding pairs from a Central European population. We found sex-related differences in the mean time allocated to incubation, movement, feeding, resting and aggression. Others behaviours (nest maintenance, alert and comfort) changed along the breeding season, but did not differ between sexes. Females were primarily responsible for providing care to the brood, whereas male activity focused on territory defence and family guarding. Females were exclusively responsible for incubation and they covered 85% of the total time allocated by parents to feeding cygnets. Nearly constant incubation in females limited possibilities for other activities, including foraging. Males allocated significantly more time than females to aggressive interactions, directed mainly towards other breeding pairs and non-breeders. A clear division of parental duties between sexes gave empirical support for the presence of bi-parental care in the mute swan, despite the fact that reproductive activities of this species are not constrained by the short length of the breeding season, as in arctic-breeding wildfowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Włodarczyk
- Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, University of Lodz, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Minias
- Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, University of Lodz, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Deville AS, Labaude S, Robin JP, Béchet A, Gauthier-Clerc M, Porter W, Fitzpatrick M, Mathewson P, Grémillet D. Impacts of extreme climatic events on the energetics of long-lived vertebrates: the case of the greater flamingo facing cold spells in the Camargue. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:3700-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most studies analyzing the effects of global warming on wild populations focus on gradual temperature changes, yet it is also important to understand the impact of extreme climatic events. Here we studied the effect of two cold spells (January 1985 and February 2012) on the energetics of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) in the Camargue (southern France). To understand the cause of observed flamingo mass mortalities, we first assessed the energy stores of flamingos found dead in February 2012, and compared them with those found in other bird species exposed to cold spells and/or fasting. Second, we evaluated the monthly energy requirements of flamingos across 1980–2012 using the mechanistic model Niche Mapper™. Our results show that the body lipids of flamingos found dead in 2012 corresponded to 2.6±0.3% of total body mass, which is close to results found in woodcocks (Scolopax rusticola) that died from starvation during a cold spell (1.7±0.1%), and much lower than in woodcocks which were fed throughout this same cold spell (13.0±2%). Further, Niche Mapper™ predicted that flamingo energy requirements were highest (+6–7%) during the 1985 and 2012 cold spells compared with ‘normal’ winters. This increase was primarily driven by cold air temperatures. Overall, our findings strongly suggest that flamingos starved to death during both cold spells. This study demonstrates the relevance of using mechanistic energetics modelling and body condition analyses to understand and predict the impact of extreme climatic events on animal energy balance and winter survival probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Deville
- Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Labaude
- Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Jean-Patrice Robin
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7178 CNRS-ULP, 23 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Arnaud Béchet
- Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Michel Gauthier-Clerc
- Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
- Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Warren Porter
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 250 N. Mills Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Megan Fitzpatrick
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 250 N. Mills Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul Mathewson
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 250 N. Mills Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
- FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Boyd C, Punt AE, Weimerskirch H, Bertrand S. Movement models provide insights into variation in the foraging effort of central place foragers. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Meineri E, Deville AS, Grémillet D, Gauthier-Clerc M, Béchet A. Combining correlative and mechanistic habitat suitability models to improve ecological compensation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:314-29. [PMID: 24837691 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Only a few studies have shown positive impacts of ecological compensation on species dynamics affected by human activities. We argue that this is due to inappropriate methods used to forecast required compensation in environmental impact assessments. These assessments are mostly descriptive and only valid at limited spatial and temporal scales. However, habitat suitability models developed to predict the impacts of environmental changes on potential species' distributions should provide rigorous science-based tools for compensation planning. Here we describe the two main classes of predictive models: correlative models and individual-based mechanistic models. We show how these models can be used alone or synoptically to improve compensation planning. While correlative models are easier to implement, they tend to ignore underlying ecological processes and lack accuracy. On the contrary, individual-based mechanistic models can integrate biological interactions, dispersal ability and adaptation. Moreover, among mechanistic models, those considering animal energy balance are particularly efficient at predicting the impact of foraging habitat loss. However, mechanistic models require more field data compared to correlative models. Hence we present two approaches which combine both methods for compensation planning, especially in relation to the spatial scale considered. We show how the availability of biological databases and software enabling fast and accurate population projections could be advantageously used to assess ecological compensation requirement efficiently in environmental impact assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Meineri
- Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescati, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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Langton R, Davies I, Scott B. A simulation model coupling the behaviour and energetics of a breeding central place forager to assess the impact of environmental changes. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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The challenge of measuring energy expenditure: Current field and laboratory methods. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:247-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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McCafferty D, Gilbert C, Paterson W, Pomeroy P, Thompson D, Currie J, Ancel A. Estimating metabolic heat loss in birds and mammals by combining infrared thermography with biophysical modelling. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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