1
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Fong KP, Ahmed IA, Mravic M, Jo H, Kim OV, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, DeGrado WF, Gai F, Bennett JS. Visualization of Platelet Integrins via Two-Photon Microscopy Using Anti-transmembrane Domain Peptides Containing a Blue Fluorescent Amino Acid. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1722-1730. [PMID: 34010565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent reporters commonly used to visualize proteins can perturb both protein structure and function. Recently, we found that 4-cyanotryptophan (4CN-Trp), a blue fluorescent amino acid, is suitable for one-photon imaging applications. Here, we demonstrate its utility in two-photon fluorescence microscopy by using it to image integrins on cell surfaces. Specifically, we used solid-phase peptide synthesis to generate CHAMP peptides labeled with 4-cyanoindole (4CNI) at their N-termini to image integrins on cell surfaces. CHAMP (computed helical anti-membrane protein) peptides spontaneously insert into membrane bilayers to target integrin transmembrane domains and cause integrin activation. We found that 4CNI labeling did not perturb the ability of CHAMP peptides to insert into membranes, bind to integrins, or cause integrin activation. We then used two-photon fluorescence microscopy to image 4CNI-containing integrins on the surface of platelets. Compared to a 4CNI-labeled scrambled peptide that uniformly decorated cell surfaces, 4CNI-labeled CHAMP peptides were present in discrete blue foci. To confirm that these foci represented CN peptide-containing integrins, we co-stained platelets with integrin-specific fluorescent monoclonal antibodies and found that CN peptide and antibody fluorescence coincided. Because 4CNI can readily be biosynthetically incorporated into proteins with little if any effect on protein structure and function, it provides a facile way to directly monitor protein behavior and protein-protein interactions in cellular environments. In addition, these results clearly demonstrate that the two-photon excitation cross section of 4CN-Trp is sufficiently large to make it a useful two-photon fluorescence reporter for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Fong
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ismail A Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marco Mravic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Oleg V Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Joel S Bennett
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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D’Souza AR, Necelis MR, Kulesha A, Caputo GA, Makhlynets OV. Beneficial Impacts of Incorporating the Non-Natural Amino Acid Azulenyl-Alanine into the Trp-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide buCATHL4B. Biomolecules 2021; 11:421. [PMID: 33809374 PMCID: PMC8001250 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) present a promising scaffold for the development of potent antimicrobial agents. Substitution of tryptophan by non-natural amino acid Azulenyl-Alanine (AzAla) would allow studying the mechanism of action of AMPs by using unique properties of this amino acid, such as ability to be excited separately from tryptophan in a multi-Trp AMPs and environmental insensitivity. In this work, we investigate the effect of Trp→AzAla substitution in antimicrobial peptide buCATHL4B (contains three Trp side chains). We found that antimicrobial and bactericidal activity of the original peptide was preserved, while cytocompatibility with human cells and proteolytic stability was improved. We envision that AzAla will find applications as a tool for studies of the mechanism of action of AMPs. In addition, incorporation of this non-natural amino acid into AMP sequences could enhance their application properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areetha R. D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (A.R.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Matthew R. Necelis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (M.R.N.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Alona Kulesha
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (A.R.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (M.R.N.); (G.A.C.)
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Olga V. Makhlynets
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (A.R.D.); (A.K.)
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3
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Kossowska D, Park K, Park JY, Lim C, Kwak K, Cho M. Rational Design of an Acetylenic Infrared Probe with Enhanced Dipole Strength and Increased Vibrational Lifetime. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6274-6281. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kossowska
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kwanghee Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Chaiho Lim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Kwak
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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4
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Baumann T, Hauf M, Schildhauer F, Eberl KB, Durkin PM, Deniz E, Löffler JG, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Jaric J, Martins BM, Dobbek H, Bredenbeck J, Budisa N. Ortsaufgelöste Beobachtung von Schwingungsenergietransfer durch ein genetisch codiertes ultraschnelles Heizelement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Baumann
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthias Hauf
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Fabian Schildhauer
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Katharina B. Eberl
- Institut für BiophysikJohann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 60438 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Patrick M. Durkin
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Erhan Deniz
- Institut für BiophysikJohann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 60438 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Jan G. Löffler
- Institut für BiophysikJohann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 60438 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | | | - Jelena Jaric
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: Hospira Zagreb d.o.o.a Pfizer company Prudnicka cesta 60 10291 Prigorje Brdovecko Kroatien
| | - Berta M. Martins
- Institut für Biologie, Strukturbiologie/BiochemieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Institut für Biologie, Strukturbiologie/BiochemieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institut für BiophysikJohann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 60438 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manitoba 44 Dysart Rd R3T 2N2 Winnipeg MB Kanada
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5
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Baumann T, Hauf M, Schildhauer F, Eberl KB, Durkin PM, Deniz E, Löffler JG, Acevedo-Rocha CG, Jaric J, Martins BM, Dobbek H, Bredenbeck J, Budisa N. Site-Resolved Observation of Vibrational Energy Transfer Using a Genetically Encoded Ultrafast Heater. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2899-2903. [PMID: 30589180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric information transfer in proteins has been linked to distinct vibrational energy transfer (VET) pathways in a number of theoretical studies. Experimental evidence for such pathways, however, is sparse because site-selective injection of vibrational energy into a protein, that is, localized heating, is required for their investigation. Here, we solved this problem by the site-specific incorporation of the non-canonical amino acid β-(1-azulenyl)-l-alanine (AzAla) through genetic code expansion. As an exception to Kasha's rule, AzAla undergoes ultrafast internal conversion and heating after S1 excitation while upon S2 excitation, it serves as a fluorescent label. We equipped PDZ3, a protein interaction domain of postsynaptic density protein 95, with this ultrafast heater at two distinct positions. We indeed observed VET from the incorporation sites in the protein to a bound peptide ligand on the picosecond timescale by ultrafast IR spectroscopy. This approach based on genetically encoded AzAla paves the way for detailed studies of VET and its role in a wide range of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Baumann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Hauf
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schildhauer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina B Eberl
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick M Durkin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erhan Deniz
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan G Löffler
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Jaric
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Present address: Hospira Zagreb d.o.o., a Pfizer company, Prudnicka cesta 60, 10291, Prigorje Brdovecko, Croatia
| | - Berta M Martins
- Institut für Biologie, Strukturbiologie/Biochemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Institut für Biologie, Strukturbiologie/Biochemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 44 Dysart Rd, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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6
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Kossowska D, Lee G, Han H, Kwak K, Cho M. Simultaneous enhancement of transition dipole strength and vibrational lifetime of an alkyne IR probe via π-d backbonding and vibrational decoupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24919-24925. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkyne IR probes 1–6 with Si and S (or Se) atoms incorporated into the CC bond were synthesized, and the vibrational properties of their CC stretch mode were studied using FTIR and femtosecond IR PP spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kossowska
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Giseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Hogyu Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Kyungwon Kwak
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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7
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Bag SS, De S. Multipurpose isothiocyanyl alanine/lysine: Use as solvatochromic IR probes and in site specific labeling/ligation of short peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1404-1409. [PMID: 29555154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The solvatochromic IR responsivity of small side chain -NCS in two unexplored unnatural amino acids, isothiocyanyl alanine (NCSAla = Ita) and lysine (NCSLys = Itl), without perturbing the conformation is demonstrated in two designed short tripeptide (BocAla-NCSAla-Ala-OMe) and hexapeptide (BocLeu-Val-Phe-Phe-NCSLys-Gly-OMe). Demonstration of site specific fluorescent labeling in both the peptides and ligation type reaction in NCSLys indicates the novelty of these two amino acids as alternative to the available canonical amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Suranjan De
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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8
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Lee G, Kossowska D, Lim J, Kim S, Han H, Kwak K, Cho M. Cyanamide as an Infrared Reporter: Comparison of Vibrational Properties between Nitriles Bonded to N and C Atoms. J Phys Chem B 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dorota Kossowska
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Joonhyung Lim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Soobin Kim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hogyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Kwak
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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9
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Bag SS, De S. Isothiocyanyl Alanine as a Synthetic Intermediate for the Synthesis of Thioureayl Alanines and Subsequent Aminotetrazolyl Alanines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12276-12285. [PMID: 29065260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of unnatural amino acids with small side-chain functionalities usable for further transformations is highly demanding for the expansion of the genetic code and other possible biotechnological applications. To this end, we wanted to report the utility of an unexplored unnatural amino acid, isothiocyanyl alanine (NCSAla = Ita), for the synthesis of another class of unnatural amino acids, thioureayl alanines (TUAla = Tua). The synthesis of a third class of unnatural amino acids, amino tetrazolyl alanines (ATzAla = Ata), in a very good yield was subsequently achieved utilizing thioureayl alanines. Thus, a variety of aliphatic- and aromatic-substituted thioureayl alanines and aromatic-substituted amino tetrazolyl alanines were successfully synthesized in good to excellent yields. The photophysical properties of three of the fluorescent unnatural amino acids from two classes were also studied and presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Suranjan De
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039, India
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10
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Ahmed IA, Gai F. Simple method to introduce an ester infrared probe into proteins. Protein Sci 2017; 26:375-381. [PMID: 27813296 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ester carbonyl stretching vibration has recently been shown to be a sensitive and convenient infrared (IR) probe of protein electrostatics due to the linear dependence of its frequency on local electric field. While an ester moiety can be easily incorporated into peptides via solid-phase synthesis, currently there is no method available to site-specifically incorporate it into a large protein. Herein, we show that it is possible to use a cysteine alkylation reaction to achieve this goal and demonstrate the feasibility of this simple method by successfully incorporating a methyl ester group (CH2 COOCH3 ) into a model peptide (YGGCGG), two amyloid-forming peptides derived from the insulin B chain and Aβ, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). IR results obtained with those peptide and protein systems further confirm the utility of this vibrational probe in monitoring, for example, the structural integrity of amyloid fibrils and ligand binding-induced changes in protein local hydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail A Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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