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Li K, Zakharov LN, Pluth MD. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of a Synthetic End-On Cobalt(II) Alkyl Persulfide Complex as a Model Platform for Thiolate Persulfidation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21999-22007. [PMID: 39044627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Persulfides (RSS-) are ubiquitous source of sulfides (S2-) in biology, and interactions between RSS- and bioinorganic metal centers play critical roles in biological hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biogenesis, signaling, and catabolism. Here, we report the use of contact-ion stabilized [Na(15-crown-5)][tBuSS] (1) as a simple synthon to access rare metal alkyl persulfide complexes and to investigate the reactivity of RSS- with transition metal centers to provide insights into metal thiolate persulfidation, including the fundamental difference between alkyl persulfides and alkyl thiolates. Reaction of 1 with [CoII(TPA)(OTf)]+ afforded the η1-alkyl persulfide complex [CoII(TPA)(SStBu)]+ (2), which was characterized by X-ray crystallography, UV-vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. RSS- coordination to the Lewis acidic Co2+ center provided additional stability to the S-S bond, as evidenced by a significant increase in the Raman stretching frequency for 2 (vS-S = 522 cm-1, ΔvS-S = 66 cm-1). The effect of persulfidation on metal center redox potentials was further elucidated using cyclic voltammetry, in which the Co2+ → Co3+ oxidation potential of 2 (Ep,a = +89 mV vs SCE) is lowered by nearly 700 mV when compared to the corresponding thiolate complex [CoII(TPA)(StBu)]+ (3) (Ep,a = +818 mV vs SCE), despite persulfidation being generally seen as an oxidative post-translational modification. The reactivity of 2 toward reducing agents including PPh3, BH4-, and biologically relevant thiol reductant DTT led to different S2- output pathways, including formation of a dinuclear 2Co-2SH complex [CoII2(TPA)2(μ2-SH)2]2+(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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2
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Huang D, Jing G, Zhu S. Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiration by Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1644. [PMID: 37627639 PMCID: PMC10451548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter, has positive roles in animals and plants. Mitochondria are the source and the target of H2S and the regulatory hub in metabolism, stress, and disease. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is a vital process that produces ATP and provides energy to support the physiological and biochemical processes. H2S regulates mitochondrial bioenergetic functions and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The article summarizes the recent knowledge of the chemical and biological characteristics, the mitochondrial biosynthesis of H2S, and the regulatory effects of H2S on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The roles of H2S on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial respiratory complexes in mammals have been widely studied. The biological function of H2S is now a hot topic in plants. Mitochondria are also vital organelles regulating plant processes. The regulation of H2S in plant mitochondrial functions is gaining more and more attention. This paper mainly summarizes the current knowledge on the regulatory effects of H2S on the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A study of the roles of H2S in mitochondrial respiration in plants to elucidate the botanical function of H2S in plants would be highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuhua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.H.); (G.J.)
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3
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Wu DD, Jin S, Cheng RX, Cai WJ, Xue WL, Zhang QQ, Yang LJ, Zhu Q, Li MY, Lin G, Wang YZ, Mu XP, Wang Y, Zhang IY, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Cai SY, Tan B, Li Y, Chen YQ, Zhang PJ, Sun C, Yin Y, Wang MJ, Zhu YZ, Tao BB, Zhou JH, Huang WX, Zhu YC. Hydrogen sulfide functions as a micro-modulator bound at the copper active site of Cu/Zn-SOD to regulate the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112750. [PMID: 37421623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examines whether there is a mechanism beyond the current concept of post-translational modifications to regulate the function of a protein. A small gas molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), was found to bind at active-site copper of Cu/Zn-SOD using a series of methods including radiolabeled binding assay, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and crystallography. Such an H2S binding enhanced the electrostatic forces to guide the negatively charged substrate superoxide radicals to the catalytic copper ion, changed the geometry and energy of the frontier molecular orbitals of the active site, and subsequently facilitated the transfer of an electron from the superoxide radical to the catalytic copper ion and the breakage of the copper-His61 bridge. The physiological relevance of such an H2S effect was also examined in both in vitro and in vivo models where the cardioprotective effects of H2S were dependent on Cu/Zn-SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ruo-Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jie Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Wen-Long Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Le-Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xue-Pan Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Igor Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Qian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pu-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ming-Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bei-Bei Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Hai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wei-Xue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yi-Chun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Rodkin S, Nwosu C, Sannikov A, Raevskaya M, Tushev A, Vasilieva I, Gasanov M. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Regulation of Cell Death following Neurotrauma and Related Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10742. [PMID: 37445920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are a serious problem of the modern healthcare system. The situation is complicated by the lack of clinically effective neuroprotective drugs that can protect damaged neurons and glial cells from death. In addition, people who have undergone neurotrauma often develop mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases that worsen the quality of life up to severe disability and death. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that performs various cellular functions in normal and pathological conditions. However, the role of H2S in neurotrauma and mental disorders remains unexplored and sometimes controversial. In this large-scale review study, we examined the various biological effects of H2S associated with survival and cell death in trauma to the brain, spinal cord, and PNS, and the signaling mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of mental illnesses, such as cognitive impairment, encephalopathy, depression and anxiety disorders, epilepsy and chronic pain. We also studied the role of H2S in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, we reviewed the current state of the art study of H2S donors as neuroprotectors and the possibility of their therapeutic uses in medicine. Our study showed that H2S has great neuroprotective potential. H2S reduces oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and neuroinflammation; inhibits processes associated with apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis; prevents the destruction of the blood-brain barrier; increases the expression of neurotrophic factors; and models the activity of Ca2+ channels in neurotrauma. In addition, H2S activates neuroprotective signaling pathways in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. However, high levels of H2S can cause cytotoxic effects. Thus, the development of H2S-associated neuroprotectors seems to be especially relevant. However, so far, all H2S modulators are at the stage of preclinical trials. Nevertheless, many of them show a high neuroprotective effect in various animal models of neurotrauma and related disorders. Despite the fact that our review is very extensive and detailed, it is well structured right down to the conclusions, which will allow researchers to quickly find the proper information they are interested in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rodkin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Chizaram Nwosu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander Sannikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Margarita Raevskaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander Tushev
- Neurosurgical Department, Rostov State Medical University Clinic, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Inna Vasilieva
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Polyclinic Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitkhat Gasanov
- Department of Internal Diseases #1, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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5
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Yu B, Yang X, Yuan Z, Wang B. Prodrugs of sulfide and persulfide species: Implications in their different pharmacological activities. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102329. [PMID: 37279623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as H2S, hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n ≥ 2), and hydropersulfides (RSSnH, n ≥ 1), are known to mediate diverse signaling pathways and possess a plethora of exciting therapeutic opportunities. Historically, due to the rapid inter-conversion among those species in vivo, the biological differences of distinct sulfur species were often overlooked. These species were considered to enrich the global sulfur pool in almost an equal fashion. However, advancement in this field has revealed that sulfur species at different oxidation states result in different pharmacological effects including scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating ion channels, and exhibiting analgesic effects. Here, we summarize recent advances in studying the biological and pharmacological differences of distinct sulfur species; discuss this phenomenon from the view of chemical properties and sulfur signaling pathways; and lay out a roadmap to transforming such new knowledge into general principles in developing sulfur-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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6
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Olson KR, Derry PJ, Kent TA, Straub KD. The Effects of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Cellular Sulfur Metabolism and Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:68-94. [PMID: 35819295 PMCID: PMC9885552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nutraceuticals are ingested for health benefits, in addition to their general nutritional value. These dietary supplements have become increasingly popular since the late 20th century and they are a rapidly expanding global industry approaching a half-trillion U.S. dollars annually. Many nutraceuticals are promulgated as potent antioxidants. Recent Advances: Experimental support for the efficacy of nutraceuticals has lagged behind anecdotal exuberance. However, accumulating epidemiological evidence and recent, well-controlled clinical trials are beginning to support earlier animal and in vitro studies. Although still somewhat limited, encouraging results have been suggested in essentially all organ systems and against a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Critical Issues: Health benefits of "antioxidant" nutraceuticals are largely attributed to their ability to scavenge oxidants. This has been criticized based on several factors, including limited bioavailability, short tissue retention time, and the preponderance of endogenous antioxidants. Recent attention has turned to nutraceutical activation of downstream antioxidant systems, especially the Keap1/Nrf2 (Kelch like ECH associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis. The question now becomes, how do nutraceuticals activate this axis? Future Directions: Reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its metabolites, are potent activators of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis and avid scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that a variety of nutraceuticals increase cellular RSS by directly providing RSS in the diet, or through a number of catalytic mechanisms that increase endogenous RSS production. We propose that nutraceutical-specific targeting of RSS metabolism will lead to the design and development of even more efficacious antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 68-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul J. Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karl D. Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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7
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Kraka E, Quintano M, La Force HW, Antonio JJ, Freindorf M. The Local Vibrational Mode Theory and Its Place in the Vibrational Spectroscopy Arena. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8781-8798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Mateus Quintano
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Hunter W. La Force
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Juliana J. Antonio
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
| | - Marek Freindorf
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas75275-0314, United States
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Freindorf M, Delgado AAA, Kraka E. CO bonding in hexa‐ and pentacoordinate carboxy‐neuroglobin: A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics and local vibrational mode study. J Comput Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Freindorf
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
| | | | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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Sawa T, Takata T, Matsunaga T, Ihara H, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species: Hydrolysis-Driven Equilibrium of Polysulfides as a Determinant of Physiological Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:327-336. [PMID: 34409860 PMCID: PMC8865625 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Polysulfide species (i.e., R-Sn-R', n > 2; and R-Sn-H, n > 1) exist in many organisms. The highly nucleophilic nature of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides contributes to the potent antioxidant activities of polysulfide species that protect organisms against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Recent Advances: Accumulating evidence suggests that organic polysulfides (R-Sn-R') readily undergo alkaline hydrolysis, which results in formation of both nucleophilic hydrosulfide/polysulfide (R-Sn-1H) and electrophilic sulfenic acid (R'SOH) species. Polysulfides maintain a steady-state equilibrium that is driven by hydrolysis even in aqueous physiological milieus. This unique property makes polysulfide chemistry and biology more complex than previously believed. Critical Issues: The hydrolysis equilibrium of polysulfides shifts to the right when electrophiles are present. Strong electrophilic alkylating agents (e.g., monobromobimane) greatly enhance polysulfide hydrolysis, which leads to increased polysulfide degradation and artifactual formation of bis-S-bimane adducts in the absence of free hydrogen sulfide. The finding that hydroxyl group-containing substances such as tyrosine efficiently protected polysulfides from hydrolysis led to development of the new alkylating agent, N-iodoacetyl l-tyrosine methyl ester (TME-IAM). TME-IAM efficiently and specifically traps and stabilizes hydropolysulfides and protects polysulfide chains from hydrolysis, and, when used with mass spectrometry, TME-IAM allows speciation of the reactive sulfur metabolome. In addition, the polyethylene glycol-conjugated maleimide-labeling gel shift assay, which relies on unique hydrolysis equilibrium of polysulfides, will be a reliable technique for proteomics of polysulfide-containing proteins. Future Directions: Using precise methodologies to achieve a better understanding of the occurrence and metabolism of polysulfide species is necessary to gain insights into the undefined biology of polysulfide species. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 327-336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Hydrogen Sulfide and the Immune System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:99-128. [PMID: 34302690 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the "third gasotransmitter" recognized alongside nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). H2S exhibits an array of biological effects in mammalian cells as revealed by studies showing important roles in the cardiovascular system, in cell signalling processes, post-translational modifications and in the immune system. Regarding the latter, using pharmacological and genetic approaches scientists have shown this molecule to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in mammalian systems. The anti-inflammatory effects of H2S appeared to be due to its inhibitory action on the nuclear factor kappa beta signalling pathway; NF-kB representing a transcription factor involved in the regulation pro-inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and cytokines. In contrast, results from several animal model describe a more complicated picture and report on pro-inflammatory effects linked to exposure to this molecule; linked to dosage used and point of administration of this molecule. Overall, roles for H2S in several inflammatory diseases spanning arthritis, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and asthma have been described by researchers. In light this work fascinating research, this chapter will cover H2S biology and its many roles in the immune system.
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12
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Kuschman HP, Palczewski MB, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: Sibling rivalry in the family of epigenetic regulators. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:34-43. [PMID: 33482335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were previously only known for their toxic properties. Now they are regarded as potent gaseous messenger molecules (gasotransmitters) that rapidly transverse cell membranes and transduce cellular signals through their chemical reactions and modifications to protein targets. Both are known to regulate numerous physiological functions including angiogenesis, vascular tone, and immune response, to name a few. NO and H2S often work synergistically and in competition to regulate each other's synthesis, target protein activity via posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and chemical interactions. In addition to their canonical modes of action, increasing evidence has demonstrated that NO and H2S share another signaling mechanism: epigenetic regulation. This review will compare and contrast biosynthesis and metabolism of NO and H2S, their individual and shared interactions, and the growing body of evidence for their roles as endogenous epigenetic regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Petraitis Kuschman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Marianne B Palczewski
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
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13
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Myszkowska J, Derevenkov I, Makarov SV, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L. Biosynthesis, Quantification and Genetic Diseases of the Smallest Signaling Thiol Metabolite: Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1065. [PMID: 34356298 PMCID: PMC8301176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter and the smallest signaling thiol metabolite with important roles in human health. The turnover of H2S in humans is mainly governed by enzymes of sulfur amino acid metabolism and also by the microbiome. As is the case with other small signaling molecules, disease-promoting effects of H2S largely depend on its concentration and compartmentalization. Genetic defects that impair the biogenesis and catabolism of H2S have been described; however, a gap in knowledge remains concerning physiological steady-state concentrations of H2S and their direct clinical implications. The small size and considerable reactivity of H2S renders its quantification in biological samples an experimental challenge. A compilation of methods currently employed to quantify H2S in biological specimens is provided in this review. Substantial discrepancy exists in the concentrations of H2S determined by different techniques. Available methodologies permit end-point measurement of H2S concentration, yet no definitive protocol exists for the continuous, real-time measurement of H2S produced by its enzymatic sources. We present a summary of available animal models, monogenic diseases that impair H2S metabolism in humans including structure-function relationships of pathogenic mutations, and discuss possible approaches to overcome current limitations of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Myszkowska
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ilia Derevenkov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (I.D.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (I.D.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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14
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Rahman MA, Glasgow JN, Nadeem S, Reddy VP, Sevalkar RR, Lancaster JR, Steyn AJC. The Role of Host-Generated H 2S in Microbial Pathogenesis: New Perspectives on Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:586923. [PMID: 33330130 PMCID: PMC7711268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.586923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered primarily as a poisonous gas and environmental hazard. However, with the discovery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes for H2S production, breakdown, and utilization, H2S has emerged as an important signaling molecule in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Hence, H2S is considered a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide (•NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Surprisingly, despite having overlapping functions with •NO and CO, the role of host H2S in microbial pathogenesis is understudied and represents a gap in our knowledge. Given the numerous reports that followed the discovery of •NO and CO and their respective roles in microbial pathogenesis, we anticipate a rapid increase in studies that further define the importance of H2S in microbial pathogenesis, which may lead to new virulence paradigms. Therefore, this review provides an overview of sulfide chemistry, enzymatic production of H2S, and the importance of H2S in metabolism and immunity in response to microbial pathogens. We then describe our current understanding of the role of host-derived H2S in tuberculosis (TB) disease, including its influences on host immunity and bioenergetics, and on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and survival. Finally, this review discusses the utility of H2S-donor compounds, inhibitors of H2S-producing enzymes, and their potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel N Glasgow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vineel P Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ritesh R Sevalkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Centers for AIDS Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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15
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Capdevila DA, Walsh BJC, Zhang Y, Dietrich C, Gonzalez-Gutierrez G, Giedroc DP. Structural basis for persulfide-sensing specificity in a transcriptional regulator. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 17:65-70. [PMID: 33106663 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine thiol-based transcriptional regulators orchestrate the coordinated regulation of redox homeostasis and other cellular processes by 'sensing' or detecting a specific redox-active molecule, which in turn activates the transcription of a specific detoxification pathway. The extent to which these sensors are truly specific in cells for a singular class of reactive small-molecule stressors, for example, reactive oxygen or sulfur species, is largely unknown. Here, we report structural and mechanistic insights into the thiol-based transcriptional repressor SqrR, which reacts exclusively with oxidized sulfur species such as persulfides, to yield a tetrasulfide bridge that inhibits DNA operator-promoter binding. Evaluation of crystallographic structures of SqrR in various derivatized states, coupled with the results of a mass spectrometry-based kinetic profiling strategy, suggest that persulfide selectivity is determined by structural frustration of the disulfide form. These findings led to the identification of an uncharacterized repressor from the bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii as a persulfide sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana A Capdevila
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brenna J C Walsh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Giovanni Gonzalez-Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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16
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Dilek N, Papapetropoulos A, Toliver-Kinsky T, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105119. [PMID: 32781284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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